名词性从句相当于名词,可用作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。因此,名词性从句分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位从句。引导名词性从句的连接词有:连接代词:who, whose, whom, what, which,有词义,在从句中担任成分,如主语、表语、宾语、或定语等;连接副词:when, where, why, how,有词义,在从句中担任成分,作状语;连接词:that, whether, if, as if,if (whether), as if虽有词义,但在从句中不担任成分;that 无词义,在从句中不担任成分,有时可省略。 W"DxIy
今后对名词性从句的考查仍将集中在关联词的选用上,特别石堆what引导的名词性从句的考查。名词性从句与其他从句的混合考查将在今后高考中占据一席之地。易混句型的辨析,比如it作形式主语,主语从句后置的句型与强调句型的辨析将仍作为高考考查的重点。 J0{WqA.P
【知识点归纳】 7kew/8-
名词性从句的用法 %d~9at6-B
在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句 (Noun Clauses)。 名词从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。 X
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一、引导名词性从句的连接词 ;#Bh_f
引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类:连词:that(无任何词意);whether, if(均表示“是否”表明从句内容的不确定性);as if ,as though(均表示“好像”,“似乎”)。 AF{7<v>/P
以上在从句中均不充当任何成分 [sh"?
连接代词:what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which. Whichever, whomever -p]`(S%
连接副词:when, where, how, why R2Fh^x
不可省略的连词: j,V$vK P
1. 介词后的连词 [n@
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2. 引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。 ?5+KHG*)
That she was chosen made us very happy. z jNjmC!W
We heard the news that our team had won. Z6
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比较: gpTF^.(
Whether与if 均为"是否"的意思。 但在下列情况下,whether 不能被if 取代: I}CA-8
1. Whether引导主语从句并在句首; j7|
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2. 引导表语从句 M5bj |tQ4
3. Whether从句作介词宾语; 1*
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4. 从句后有"or not" ?;=Y1O7N(
Whether he will come is not clear. q@!H^hd}
大部分连接词引导的主语从句都可以置于句末,用 it充当形式主语。 GeW$lA I
It is not important who will go. i)^ZH#Gp
It is still unknown which team will win the match. Bv|9{:1%X}
二、具体分类 N[D\@
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1.主语从句 +!Gr`&w*)
作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。主语从句通常由从属连词that,whether,if和连接代词what,who,which,whatever,whoever以及连接副词how,when,where,why等词引导。that在句中无词义,只起连接作用;连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用,在从句中充当从句的成分。例如: _nCs$U
What he wants to tell us is not clear. 他要跟我们说什么,还不清楚。 ^Ypx|-Vu!
Who will win the match is still unknown. 谁能赢得这场比赛还不得而知。 H\>I&gC'
It is known to us how he became a writer. 我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的。 Hbj:CViYq
Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced. 英语晚会将在哪里举行,还没有宣布。 `:
【典例1】It is immediately clear ____ the financial crisis will soon be over. '-~/!i+=
A. since B. what C. when D. whether L5P}%1 _
【答案】D |ssIUJ
【解析】考查主语从句的用法。该句的意思时:经济危机是否会很快结束是很明显的事情。“是否”用whether表示,不能选when是因为从句中由soon这一实践状语。
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【典例2】_____ was most important to her, she told me, was her family. T1]X
A. It B. This C. What D. As ^%/5-0?xE
【答案】C CO+jB
【解析】she told me是插入语,可删除。what引导主语从句,在从句中充当主语。 }4ju2K
有时为避免句子头重脚轻,常用形式主语it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首,而把主语从句置于句末。主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用句型如下: ])l[tVHm
(1)It + be + 名词 + that从句 PvBbtC-9b
(2)It + be + 形容词 + that从句 <R8Z[H:bV
(3)It + be + 动词的过去分词 + that从句 ( #"s!!b
(4)It + 不及物动词 + that 从句 M HB]'
另注意在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时,谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should) +do”,常用的句型有: |dzF>8< )
It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that … JX<W[P>M
It is a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.) that… _Cs}&Bic_
It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that… "{xv|C<*n
【典例】It is obvious to the students ______ they should get well prepared for their future. #E@i @'T
A. as B. which C. whether D. that ~J{{n_G{
【答案】D w[G_ w:$a
【解析】考查名词性从句。本空格处应是一个主语从句的引导词,因该主语从句不缺成分,且句意完整,故应用不作任何成分的连词that。 M\6v}kUY
2.宾语从句 *g6o ;c
名词句用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。引导宾语从句的关联词与引导主语从句表语从句的关联词大致一样,在句中可以作谓语动词或介词及非谓语动词的宾语。 ,#O8:s
(1) 由连接词that引导的宾语从句 OkUpgXU
由连接词that引导宾语从句时,that在句中不担任任何成分,在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去,但如从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的that不可省。例如: W+S; Do
He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow. 他已经告诉我他明天要去上海。 lM%fgyX
We must never think (that) we are good in everything while others are good in nothing. 我们决不能认为自己什么都好,别人什么都不好。 p>O< "X@
注意:在demand,order,suggest,decide,insist,desire,request,command等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后,宾语从句常用“(should)+ 动词原形”。例如: `
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I insist that she (should) do her work alone. 我坚持要她自己工作。 28yxX431S
The commander ordered that troops (should) set off at once. 司令员命令部队马上出发。 y]%,Y=%X
(2)用who,whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever, whatever, whichever等关联词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句,应注意句子语序要用陈述语序。例如: (32nI?)a
I want to know what he has told you. 我想知道他告诉了你什么。 5/ju
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She always thinks of how she can work well. 她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。 iCKwd 9?)
She will give whoever needs help a warm support. 凡需要帮助的人,她都会给予热情的支持。 v
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【典例1】The companies are working together to create _______ they hope will be the best means of transport in the 21st century. +N@F,3yNa
A. which B. that C. what D. who ~=ys~em e
【答案】C KHN
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【解析】create后为宾语从句,从句中they hope是插入语,可删除。因为从句中缺少主语,所以用what引导该从句。 lHqx}n@e
【典例2】Could I speak to is in charge of International Sales please? +}/!yQtH
A. who B. what C. whoever D. whatever )&<
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【答案】C )c !S@Hs
【解析】 考查名词性从句。题干中介词to后面为宾语从句,从句中缺少主语,因此填whoever。 .&