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主题 : 关于疫苗,全国医学博士英语你需要知道的英文集锦
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楼主  发表于: 2021-02-25   

关于疫苗,全国医学博士英语你需要知道的英文集锦

疫苗是用来预防疾病,尤其是流行性疾病的一种有效方法。随着新冠肺炎(COVID-19)在全球的感染率居高不下,很多国家开始采用接种疫苗的方式来实现免疫。全国医学博士英语英文中,如何表达“打疫苗、接种疫苗”呢? AYv7- !Yk  
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关于“疫苗”的几个关键词 E^? 3P'%^  
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vaccine    n. 疫苗 lf}%^od~6  
vaccinate    v. 注射(疫苗 ) 4%5 +  
vaccination    n. 疫苗接种 =i>i,>bv  
inoculate     v. 接种(疫苗) l(d3N4iz  
inoculation     n. 疫苗接种 cBQ+`DXn5c  
booster shot     加强针 XPT@ LM  
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vaccine 就是指“疫苗”本身,它是一个名词,其复数形式为 vaccines,例如: f7I!o, /  
The search for a new vaccine will take priority over all other medical research. ]K|td)1X  
研制新的疫苗将排在其他一切医学研究之前。 B}^l'p_u  
《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》 y\ax?(z  
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vaccinate 是个动词,指“注射疫苗、接种疫苗”这个动作,例如: eDY)i9"W  
I was vaccinated against tetanus.  3ICMH  
我接种了破伤风疫苗。 |f2 bb  
《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》 75eZhs[b  
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而 vaccinate 的其名词形式 vaccination 就是指“接种疫苗”这件事,例如: 6Cgc-KNbk  
Vaccination and other prophylactic measures can be carried out.  Lmw4  
可以采取疫苗接种和其他预防措施。 <KFl4A~  
《柯林斯高阶英汉双解学习词典》 w#{S=^`}  
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动词 inoculate 在表示“接种(疫苗)、给某人打预防针”这个意思的时候与 vaccinate 是可以互换使用的,其名词形式是 inoculation,常用的搭配是 inoculate someone against...,比如: .,\^{.E  
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His dogs were inoculated against rabies.  e*M-y C  
他的狗注射过狂犬疫苗。 r0q?e`nsA  
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An inoculation against cholera is recommended. 7sU,<Z/D  
建议注射预防霍乱的疫苗。 !vq|*8  
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另外, inoculate 还可以表示“灌输(思想)”,给大家举个例子加深印象: Q096M 0m  
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The teacher inoculated them with the idea that the individual can always make a difference in this world. R#ZO<g%'  
老师给他们灌输的思想是,个人是可以给这个世界带来改变的。 X'j9l4Ph7  
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booster shot 即“加强针”,指疫苗注射一段时间后,体内抗体有所下降,不足以起到保护作用时,再次注射的疫苗,以提高抗体水平。booster 是动词 boost 的名词形式,火箭发射过程中经常用到的“助推器”也是 booster。boost 这个词在各类新闻报道中经常出现,比如: F<DXPToX%  
boost the economy 促进经济发展 ]I\9S{?  
boost sb's confidence/morale 增强某人的信心 / 士气 v1p^=" IHI  
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关于“疫苗”的实用好句 S|F:[(WaM  
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The emergency vaccinations were given to people with high exposure risks on the premise of voluntary, informed consent. R{pF IyR  
在自愿、知情同意的前提下,对高危人群进行紧急接种。 1u"#rC>7.4  
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After strict monitoring and observation, no serious adverse reactions took place. l#Vg=zrT  
经过严格的不良反应监测和追踪观察,未出现严重不良反应。 g.\%jDM  
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It is too early to conclude whether the Chinese vaccines can offer lifelong immunity or protection for five to 10 years like many other viral vaccines. / }*}r  
我国新冠疫苗保护期能不能像很多病毒性疫苗一样,能够终身免疫,或者至少保护五年十年,还不能下这个结论。 <GF^VT|Ce  
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Although the COVID-19 vaccine is safe and effective, people still need to maintain personal hygiene and protection, including wearing masks, washing hands and practicing social distancing. h/6^>setz  
虽然新冠疫苗是安全有效的,要继续维持个人卫生和防护措施,包括戴口罩、勤洗手、保证社交距离等。 '_5|9 }  
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The interim results of its phase-3 clinical trials show 79.34 percent efficacy against COVID-19, meeting the standards of the World Health Organization and the NMPA, according to a press conference by the State Council joint prevention and control mechanism against COVID-19. This vaccine will be provided free of charge to all Chinese people. S&QXf<v  
国务院联防联控机制发布会表示,三期临床试验中期结果显示,该疫苗有效性达到79.34%,保护效力达到世界卫生组织及国家药监局相关标准要求,将为全民免费提供。 RC?vU  
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Groups that are not suitable to receive the vaccines include pregnant women, lactating women and patients with some diseases. These patients are those in the acute stage of fever and infection, suffering from immune deficiency or immune disorder, having severe liver or kidney diseases, having uncontrolled hypertension, diabetic complications or malignant tumors. e\O-5hp7  
不适宜接种的人群包括:孕妇、哺乳期妇女、正处在发热、感染等疾病急性期、患免疫缺陷或免疫紊乱的人群、严重的肝肾疾病、药物不可控制的高血压、糖尿病并发症、恶性肿瘤等人员。 fI1 9p Q  
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疫苗应该妥善储存和保管,否则会失去或降低效力。 sN2m?`?"G  
Vaccines need to be stored and managed properly or they can lose potency and become less effective. -y{(h% 6  
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Lab data shows that Chinese vaccines' capability to help human bodies generate antibodies remains almost steady in neutralizing the new variants of the virus that emerged in Europe, South America, and the US across the first half of 2020, said Shao. "Although the efficacy is slightly weakened when it comes to the new variants." -/V(Z+dj  
实验室数据显示,国内疫苗诱导的抗体对去年上半年在欧洲、南美、美国出现的新冠毒株的中和能力没有变化,但对新出现的变异毒株的中和能力,则有轻微下降。 2pU'&8  
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点睛:这里的 neutralize 是形容词 neutral 的动词形式,表示“使中和,使无效,使中立”等意思,比如,neutralize a threat(消除威胁),neutralize an enemy(消灭敌人),Raising the sales tax will neutralize the tax cut.(提高销售税就能抵消减税带来的影响)。 '5LdiS k  
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China started inoculating some key groups with COVID-19 vaccines during the winter-spring period. M=lU`Sm  
冬春交替之际,中国开始针对部分重点人群开展新冠病毒疫苗的接种工作。 w;j<$<4= 7  
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With COVID-19 vaccines officially approved to enter the market or the yield of vaccines improving steadily, China will put more vaccines into use, inoculating the eligible population as widely as possible. {Dk!<w I)  
随着疫苗获批上市,疫苗产量逐步提高,中国将会有更多的疫苗投入使用,符合条件的群众都能实现“应接尽接”。 k sXQ}BE  
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点睛:Eligible这个词在阅读和写作中经常用到,可以用作动词或名词表示“符合条件的(人);合适的(结婚对象)”,比如:you are not eligible for unemployment benefits since you are not really out of work(你并不是完全失业,所以没有资格领取失业救济金)。His mother is keen to find him an eligible within a short period of time.(他母亲着急想在短时间内给他找个合适的对象)。 8V 4 e\q  
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我们身处一个充满挑战的时代。世纪疫情和百年变局交织,带来深远影响。前所未有的挑战,需要各国以前所未有的团结协作共同应对。 ybw\^t  
We are living in challenging times. Changes unseen in a century, coupled with the global COVID-19 pandemic, have had a far-reaching impact. In the face of such unprecedented challenges, countries must come together and respond with solidarity and coordination like never before.  Pd\4hy  
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更多重点词汇 Z4Dx:m-  
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高危人群 people with high exposure risks ;!A8A4~nu  
在自愿、知情同意的前提下 on the premise of voluntary, informed consent 3*~`z9-z  
灭活疫苗 inactivated vaccines +]A,fmI.  
重组蛋白疫苗 recombinant protein vaccines -d A9x~o  
腺病毒载体疫苗 adenovirus vector vaccines 41<h|WA  
核酸疫苗 nucleic acid vaccines  q,L>PN+W  
药品和疫苗研发 drug and vaccine development =VzJ>!0  
疫苗联合研发 joint research and development of vaccines Qe>_\-f  
随机试验 random trial L%/>Le}VX  
双盲试验 double-blind trial :ig=zETM  
安慰剂对照试验 placebo-controlled trial h~\k;ca  
免疫系统 immune system N=Ct3  
毒性试验 toxicology test JX&]>#6|E  
有效性和安全性研究 safety and efficacy research O}zHkcL  
新变异毒株 new variants jH9PD 8D\  
药品和疫苗研发 drug and vaccine development syW[uXNLZ  
免疫系统 immune system v1~l=^4&  
有效性和安全性研究 safety and efficacy research iv_3R}IbX  
疫苗国际合作 international cooperation on vaccines Es7 c2YdU  
人类卫生健康共同体 a global community of health for all H!]&"V77  
中高风险地区 regions with medium or high risks of exposure to the virus Kt*fQ `9  
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板凳  发表于: 2021-02-25   
新闻标题 5}hQIO&^%  
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China's coronavirus has killed 6, can spread between people. Here's what we know. /ojwOJ  
冠状病毒在中国已致六人死亡,可人际传播。已知信息如下。 e_epuki  
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原文阅读 >$rH,Er  
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China’s authorities confirmed that the virus can pass from person to person. As of Tuesday evening, authorities said six people have died among the more than 300 confirmed cases. The outbreak comes ahead of the Lunar New Year holiday, when millions of Chinese will travel domestically and overseas — heightening the risk of more transmissions. The outbreak has sparked alarm because it is in the same family of viruses as SARS. *(yw6(9%  
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中国当局证实,该病毒可以人际传播。截至周二晚间,当局声称有300多例确诊,其中已有6人死亡。此次疫情爆发于农历春节假期之前,而春节期间将有数以百万计的中国人在国内外旅行,这大大增加了传播的风险。这次爆发引起了人们的恐慌,因为它与非典属于同一个病毒家族。 u3 LoP_|  
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原 文: F%y#)53g  
China’s authorities confirmed that the virus can pass from person to person. `$1A;wg<  
中国当局证实,该病毒可以人际传播。 0AWxU?$A4  
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语言点睛: ^^ix4[1$Z  
authority 的意思是“权力,权威”,英文中用它的复数形式 authorities 来指“官方、当局、当权者”。例如: apJXRH`  
The authorities have been too pusillanimous in merely condemning the violence. _X?_|!;J  
当局对暴行只是进行了谴责,真是太懦弱了。 #B?lU"f8q^  
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补充几个 authorities 相关表达: ] rqx><!  
health authorities 卫生主管部门 g; -3  
education authorities 教育主管部门 3<)][<Ud  
authorities concerned 有关当局;主管部门 &k*oG: J3  
supervisory authorities 监督部门 ; 监督管理机构 Es}`S Ie/  
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另外,这句话还讲到病毒了的传播途径。“人际传播” 用英语怎么说? +}udIi3:l  
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(virus/ disease) pass from person person T-4dD  
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根据这篇报道的标题,我们可以得知“人际传播”还可以写成:spread between people。 'e<8j  
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此外,病毒或疾病的传播还可以用 transmit 这个词:(virus/disease)be transmitted from A to B (注意用被动) =`(W^&|  
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2003年的《经济学人》中用了一个特别形象的词:jump,例句如下: 9k9}57m.i  
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Such links add weight to the theory that the disease originated in livestock in rural China, where humans and animals live in close contact, and then jumped to humans. PpLh j  
这种联系进一步证实了这一理论,即,这种疾病起源于中国农村地区的牲畜体内,因为农村人畜接触密切,所以又传染给人类。 WyB^b-QmDh  
The Economist 1\lZ&KX$i  
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The disease jumped to humans,这种疾病“跳”到了人类身上,在这种语境下,也就是“传播”的意思,后面跟传播对象,这个写法十分生动。 _@)-#7  
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从《经济学人》的句话中我们可以学到到一个写作句型:XX add weight to the theory / idea that...,即 “XX证实了某一理论、观点”,可用于议论文中。add weight to 在这里是“增加分量”的意思。 (ruMOKW  
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如果是“传播方式”,我们可以用 be spread by the transmission of 这个表达,来看《经济学人》的另外一个例句: XLYGhM  
Until this week, epidemiologists believed that the virus was spread by the transmission of droplets, that is, through coughing and sneezing. S 1~EJa5H  
本周之前,流行病学家还认为这种病毒是通过飞沫传播的,即通过咳嗽和打喷嚏传播。 D\J.6W  
The Economist @Wm:Rz  
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或者说 be transmitted via...(water / air)。 }[c.OJ:  
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原 文 j-i>Jd7  
As of Tuesday evening, authorities said six people have died among the more than 300 confirmed cases. rkdA4'66w  
截至周二晚间,当局声称有300多例确诊,其中已有6人死亡。 mL#$8wUdt{  
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语言点睛 ;>5]KNj  
as of   自......时候起;到......时候为止 z.h;}QRJ,@  
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例如: ^e\$g2).  
The Massachusetts Hospital Association announced that as of Jan. 1, the organization will no longer hire smokers for its 45-person workforce. oRg ,oy  
有着45名雇员的马萨诸塞州医院协会宣布,从明年1月1日起,协会将拒绝吸烟者加入员工队伍。 #Lk~{  
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As of this morning, we do have that confirmation from authorities concerned. p*1 B *R  
今天早上,我们确实得到了有关当局的证实。 jWvi% I qi  
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confirmed cases 确诊病例 (?GW/pLK]  
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原 文 6p&uifY}tR  
The outbreak comes ahead of the Lunar New Year holiday, when millions of Chinese will travel domestically and overseas — heightening the risk of more transmissions. 2r+nr  
此次疫情爆发于农历春节假期之前,而春节期间将有数以百万计的中国人在国内外旅行,这大大增加了传播的风险。 ~oK0k_{~  
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语言点睛 ]!jfrj  
在描述疫情规模时,CNBC 用的是 outbreak 一词,指疾病在当地突然爆发,疫情的来势汹汹。 (WY9EJ<s,  
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讲到疾病的爆发和流行时,我们常用的词除了 outbreak,还可以用 epidemic、pandemic、sporadic 和 endemic 等词,那它们有什么区别呢? 0~[M[T\  
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outbreak (指在较短时间内,疾病在某一局部地区突然)爆发 %uiCC>cC  
sporadic 散发(某病在某地区的发病率呈历年来一般水平,各病例在发病时间和地点上无明显联系) Y ;E'gP-J  
epidemic 流行(侧重强调疾病的传染性很大) Z>X]'q03  
pandemic 大流行(指疾病迅速蔓延,涉及地域广,在较短时间内超越国界甚至洲界,形成大流行) q['3M<q  
endemic 地方流行(强调是某地特有的地方病) ^q%f~m,O<  
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如果要体现出疫情规模之大,除了outbreak、epidemic 这样的名词,我们还可以用 rage、rampage 等动词来搭配,比如2003年SARS 肆虐时《经济学人》有文章曾这样写道: VpY,@qh  
EPIDEMICS, like wars, bring out strong emotions. Fear and anger are chief among them, as can be seen in Hong Kong, where a new viral disease, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), is raging. 4N3O<)C)@  
流行病如同战争,都会引起强烈情绪。其中最主要的就是恐惧和愤怒,正如我们在香港看到的那样:一种新的病毒性疾病——严重急性呼吸综合症(SARS)正在肆虐。 e5; YY  
The Economist b+f '  
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再如: Es\J%*\u  
The disease seems under control in Hanoi and Singapore, but it is still rampaging through Hong Kong and Guangdong province in China. h\~!!F  
越南河内和新加坡的疫情似乎已得到控制,但中国香港和广东的疫情仍在肆虐 Zz 'g&ewo  
The Economist Y$./!lVY  
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rage 作名词表示“盛怒”,作动词则引申为“肆虐、激烈的进行”,可以搭配 war、debate、 storm、disease 等。 5 5Mtjqfp  
PB BJ.!Pb  
rampage 表示“横冲直撞”,一般与 war、 storm、 disease、crime 搭配,一般说来,这个词都是用来表示不好的事物非常普遍。 ~u[1Vz4#3  
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这个句子里面还有一个很棒的高级词汇 heighten,意思是“加强,提高,增加”,heightening the risk of more transmissions 即“增加了(疾病)传播的风险” 。这个词可以用来替代我们常用的 increase。我们在写作文的时候经常会写到“增强......的意识”、“增进对......的了解”,就可以用 heighten the awareness of sth. 这个短语。例如下面这个来自牛津词典的例句: ^ 6Yt2Bhs  
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The campaign is intended to heighten public awareness of the disease. R 4DfqX  
这场运动的目的是使公众更加了解这种疾病。 "st+2#{  
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这是一句很实用的“废话”,颇为万能,建议大家抄到小本本上,并背诵下来,写作文的时候可以根据情况卖弄出来。 H_1&>@ 3  
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原 文 z  61Fq  
The outbreak has sparked alarm because it is in the same family of viruses as SARS. T+%P+  
这次爆发引起了人们的恐慌,因为它与非典属于同一个病毒家族。 <R_)[{ 7  
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语言点睛 QWC C  
spark alarm 意思是“引起恐慌”,spark 作名词表示“星火”,作动词表示“to cause sth. to start”,即 “引发”。比如下面这个来自 WHO 官网的句子: 1jPh0?BY  
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While we cannot predict when or if the H5N1 virus might spark a pandemic, we cannot ignore the warning signs. |S:erYE,G  
虽然我们不能预言H5N1病毒何时或是否会引发一次大流行,但我们不能忽视一些警告性征兆。 WU,b<PU &  
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spark 后面可以还跟 problem、debate等,表示“引发问题”、“引起争论”。 hyhm{RC?[  
级别: 中级博友
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沙发  发表于: 2021-02-25   
新冠病毒相关词汇 mSk";UCn  
2db n~j0  
新冠肺炎 COVID-19 b+$wx~PLi  
新型冠状病毒 new/novel coronavirus ,;<M+V3+  
被病毒感染  be infected by the virus 6X4r2Vq  
病毒爆发 virus outbreak Ip *8R]W  
病毒的动物宿主 animal hosts p$*P@qm  
野味 kD) ]\   
game(wild animals or birds that people hunt for food) OO,EUOh-T:  
蝙蝠 bat Tiimb[|  
中华菊头蝠 rhinolophus sinicus ##Qy6Dc  
}2Y`Lr  
传染病相关词汇 (io[O?te  
Oa M~rze  
肺炎 pneumonia ]a[2QQ+g  
传染病 contagious diseases g*w}m>O  
呼吸道疾病 respiratory diseases >Qg-dJt[  
严重急性呼吸道感染 :EH>&vm  
severe acute respiratory infection 6 tB\X^  
乙类传染病 {j4&'=C:  
category-B infectious diseases gQ<{NQMzvd  
人际传播 person-to-person transmission 7=&+0@R#/d  
飞沫传播 droplet transmission a=6@} l1<  
粪口传播 fecal-oral transmission J.O{+{&cd  
隐性感染 asymptomatic infection u EERNo&  
发病率 incidence rate /wkrfYRs  
致死率 fatality/mortality/death rate vjA!+_I6  
发热、咳嗽、呼吸困难 Tz 0XBH_  
fever, cough and difficulty in breathing en6;I[\  
$ % B  
相关人群及机构 - Nt8'-  
Y3 -f68*(  
确诊病例 confirmed cases . K_Jg$3  
疑似病例 suspected/presumptive cases A-rj: k!  
输入性病例 imported case !Fs<r)j  
二代病例 secondary infection case ?D(aky#cyc  
超级传播者 super-spreader C 7YS>?^]  
密切接触者 close contact 0WyOORuK  
追踪密切接触者  trace close contacts 7loWqZ  
重症患者  patient in critical condition , |j\x  
轻症患者 patients with mild symptoms _94R8?\_V7  
发热病人 fever patients 6}Rb-\N  
易感人群 susceptible populations D z[ ,;  
一线医护人员 front-line medical workers }FX:sa?5  
流行病学家 epidemiologist fw a*|y;  
钟南山,中国工程院院士 zz8N BO  
Zhong Nanshan, academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering Vl'rO _?t  
火神山医院  Huoshenshan Hospital l%qh^0  
应急医院 makeshift hospital \tP*Pz  
发热门诊 fever clinics 'aS: Azb  
观察室 observation ward 6y"T;.FAo  
定点医院  designated hospitals U8</aQLGF  
方舱医院  mobile cabin hospitals J0o,ZH9  
临时医院 makeshift hospital Or55_E  
金银潭医院 Jinyintan Hospital t@iw&> 8z  
各级医疗卫生机构 #T8PgmR  
medical and health institutions at various levels J<&?Hb*|  
世界卫生组织 World Health Organization(WHO) ):n'B` f}z  
国家卫生健康委员会 zhY]!  
National Health Commission (NHC) NS "1zR+  
疾控中心 A-h[vP!v|  
centers for disease control and prevention(CDC) t"5ZYa  
中国人民解放军联勤保障部队 '<O.J(N~4!  
The People's Liberation Army Joint Logistic Support Force } V"A;5j`  
湖北红十字会 j@4]0o  
the Red Cross Society of China Hubei Branch ~b%dBn]n>  
武汉红十字会 2;w> w#}>  
the Wuhan Branch of the Red Cross Society of China in Hubei province we kb&?  
武汉慈善总会 48{B}j%oU  
the Wuhan Charity Federation lXD=uRCI  
M[e^Z}w.V  
医疗物资  O@skd2  
biU ?>R  
医疗物资 medical supplies vorb?iVf>  
紧缺物资 urgently needed materials aFL<(,~r  
医疗防疫物资 anti-epidemic and medical materials hb>uHUb&  
口罩  face masks g+xcKfN{  
戴口罩  wear masks +KOhDtLMG  
N95口罩  N95 masks Vygh|UEo  
医用口罩 Medical masks nk;+L  
外科口罩  surgical masks XMaw:Fgr  
防护服  protective gowns/clothing/gear/suits KYq<n& s  
护目镜  goggles ^__ P;Gr`  
酒精  alcohol ('.I)n  
消毒液 disinfectant w*u.z(:a`  
一次性手套 disposable gloves @[Wf!8_  
${97G#  
疫情防控 BLm}mb#/{  
'G`xD3 E3,  
疫情防控  epidemic prevention and control >VG*La' c  
应急模式 emergency mode | Vp ?  
公共卫生危机 public health crisis -tp3qi  
启动重大突发公共卫生事件一级响应 }$ a *XY1  
activate first-level public health emergency response (mechanism) -1ci.4F&  
勤洗手 wash hands frequently and thoroughly WWLf'89It  
消毒,杀菌 sterilize(v.) VuH }@  
使用消毒剂 use disinfectant ho!qXS  
监测体温 monitor/check body temperature .4y44: T  
提高免疫力 strengthen immune system hz h3p[  
疫苗 vaccine uTy00`1  
打疫苗 to get an immune shot g$z6*bL  
隔离(已发病的病人)  isolate sb. semTAoqH  
隔离(可能接触者)quarantine sb. ?` 2z8uD/  
被隔离  be put in quarantine W>[TFdH?  
自我隔离 quarantine oneself p1IN%*IV+o  
保持隔离状态  stay in isolation &7eN EA  
控制疾病传染  to contain the disease from spreading /KlSI<T@  
自觉接受医学观察 C~M,N|m+^  
voluntarily put yourself under medical observation =vL >&$  
解除医学观察 QO4eDSW  
be discharged from medical observation 31p7oRzr  
潜伏期 incubation w(Q{;RNM;  
开展流行病学调查 `mquGk|)  
conduct epidemiological investigations k?Njge6@  
病人和疑似病例的诊断、治疗、追踪和筛查 m-Se-aF  
diagnosis, treatment, tracing and screening of patients, confirmed or suspected (Y"./BDY  
早发现、早隔离 early detection and early isolation ^[q/w<_j~  
遏制疫情蔓延contain the epidemic $-39O3  
封城 (the city)is on lockdown;the lockdown of a city !]&+g'aC3  
瞒报  underreport ~le:4q aX  
捐赠  donations =!($=9  
延长春节假期 extend the Spring Festival holiday BD M"";u  
报销政策  reimbursement policy  X$_z"t  
虚假信息  misinformation L; <Pod  
通过可靠的信息渠道获得资讯 = @ 1{LF;  
stay informed through trusted sources <"7Wb"+  
保持冷静  stay calm pc;`Fz/`7  
保持理性 stay rational B06W(y,3Q>  
国际关注的突发公共卫生事件 D<T:UJ  
Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) ZD<e$PxxCd  
山川异域,风月同天。 H)X&5E  
Though miles apart, we are under the same sky. yY"n:&T(  
岂曰无衣,与子同裳。 z#d*Odc  
Together we stand, my armors thine.
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