医学考博英语破题技巧－－－写作部分

第1页 b4cTn 6  
英语作文的总体评分原则（内容与语言两个方面） W,6q1  
记分标准如下： 7FcZxu\  
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13-15（20－17）分：内容切题，包括题中所列三方面的内容：清楚表达其内涵，文字连贯；句式有变化，句子结构和用词正确。文章长度符合要求。 0.x+ H9z  
　　10-12（16－13）分：内容切题，包括题中所列三方面的内容；比较清楚地表达其内涵；文字基本连贯；句式有一定变化，句子结构和用词无重大错误。文章长度符合要求。 #1E4 R}B  
　　7-9（12－9）分：内容切题，基本包括题中所列三方面的内容：基本清楚地表达其内涵；句子结构和用词有少量错误。文章长度符合要求。 yZ,pH1  
　　4-6（8－5）分：内容基本功题，基本包含题中所列三方面的内容；语句可以理解，但有较多的句子结构和词错误。文章长度基本符合要求。 d.~ns4bt9  
　　1-3（ 4－1）分：基本按要求写作，但只有少数句子可理解。 Yc]k<tQ  
　　0分：文不切题，语句混乱、无法理解。 aUZ?Ue9l>2  
因此，一篇好的作文应基本达到： ~/K&=xE  
　　1） 有较好的写作基础，文章流畅，遣词造句不当，文章结构完整，内容符合要求； w/o^OjwQ  
　　2） 语法基本正确； ,4xNW:!j  
　　3） 句法基本准确，句子与句子段落之间过渡连贯； Yv]vl6<  
　　4） 有一定词汇量，字数符合要求； -@>]iBl  
　　5） 说理清楚，内容充实。 Q2ne]MI  
6） 就小作文而言，还要做到格式与语域正确。 wE.jf.q  
7） 书写干净整洁。如果书写较差，以致影响交际，分数会降低一个档次。 j1g$LAe  
考生出现的问题 plB8iN`x<  
不会审题 ~3j+hN8<  
用汉语思维，逐字翻译。 {z_cczJ-  
用词搭配不当。 a. D cmy{  
词汇量小，拼写困难。 ZrEou}z(*  
句子逻辑关系混乱。 1
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Our English class often told stories. n$SL"iezW?  
应改为：We often told stories in our English class. 7=fNvES2  
不会应用关联词转承上下句子和段落。 PU.j(0  
People learn English to use it , Some learn it to study or work abroad . Others learn it to read books and magazines in English or have something to do with English-speaking foreigners.采用适当关联词，改进为:people learn English for practical purposes :some learn it to study or work abroad, while others learn it to read or communicate in English. n^;-&  
语法错误。 >x6\A7  
　　i. 分不清及物与不及物动词，例如：rise和raise; hear和listen等 Pzzzv^+  
　　ii. 被动与主动语态的误用，例如：interesting和interested; speaking和spoken 等； Cj~e` VRhk  
　　iii. 词类混淆，将动词或形容词误作名词用，将名词和动词误作形容词用等；例如：benefit和beneficial; difficult和difficulty; pleasure和pleased等。 GPh;r7xg6  
　　iv. 混淆可数名词与不可数名词，例如:help, practice 等。 }|Q \@3&  
　　v. 冠词、情态动词、介词、代词等方面的错误，例如：a English book, should did, must done等。 U~yPQ8jD  
有选择性的记住一些套话或短语：段落连接 -!~pa^j  
　　(1)“启”，常用于引导文章开头的过渡词有： 7CR#\&h`  
It is often said that… \\R<HuTY  
Generally speaking… WNjG/U  
As the proverb says… Cd^1E]O0{  
It goes without saying that… g/$RuT2U  
It is clear/obvious that… 8SroA$^n  
Mary people often ask … [Y`E"1f2  
　　(2)“承”，常用于第一个扩展段开头的过渡词有： Z"Lr5'}  
It is true that… \anOOn@  
Everybody knows that… b(@GKH"W  
It can be easily proved that… ZZkc)
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No one can deny that… GKWsJO5 n  
One thing which is equally important to the above mentioned is… 5.\|*+E~  
The chief reason why …is that … a6:hH@,  
We must recognize that… 3jfAv@I~  
There is no doubt that… % mPv1$FH  
I am of the opinion that… Y<Ae_yLa  
This can expressed as follows… L"1AC&~u  
To take…for an example (instance) … P(b~3NB)  
Therefore we should realize that … 4yTgH0(T  
We have reason to believe that… p {.6  
We know that… 8]
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What is more serious is that… hd/'>]  
(3)“转”，常用于第二个扩展段开头的过渡词有： 0R
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Another special consideration in this case is that … .*"KCQGOgM  
Besides, we should not neglect that… QS4~":D/C  
However, … xp^Jp  
But the problem is not so simple, … Y0Tw:1a  
Therefore… ~A%+oa*2 ~  
But it is a pity that… t<}N>%ZO  
On the other hand, … 4%<wxrod  
I do not believe that… "85)2*+  
Perhaps you’ll ask why… 1n6%EC|X  
This may be true, but we still have a problem with regard to… ($UUgjv F  
Though we are in basic agreement with … ][//G|9  
The trouble seems that… &Vpr[S@:{  
Yet differences will be found, that’s why I feel that… rOYYZ)Qw  
So long as you regard this as reasonable, you many… 'F/uD1;  
　　(4)“合”，常用结尾段的过渡词有： jc!V|w^  
In a word, … 64"DT3:  
In sum, … ei}(jlQp  
In conclusion, … {{p
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From this point of view, … <dXeP/1w`  
On account of this we can find that … i&)([C0z$  
The result is dependent on … Wi\k&V
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Therefore, these findings reveal the following information… 9`H4"H>yG  
Thus, this is the reason why we must… # eFdu  
　　2.句子连接 _T805<aUW\  
　　(1)“启” k7sD"xR3  
in the first place at present #Lk~{  
currently it goes without saying that {od@Sl  
lately first Ll#W:~  
first of all now k`z]l;:  
presently firstly 4Xwb`?}-  
generally recently NP4u/C<  
in the beginning to begin with 7&]|c?([4  
to start with in general 7GErh,  
　　(2)“承” VH+3o?nrT  
after a few days after a while jlqSw4_  
also at any arte *<"{(sAvk  
at the same time besides B:cQsaty  
by this time certainly Gfy9YH~  
consequently for example ;"RyHow  
for instance for this purpose )7#3n(_np  
from now on furthermore UV{})T*s  
in addition in addition to… 6iHY{WcDj  
in fact in other words : v$)Z~  
in particular in the same manner utn,`v   
incidentally indeed MJH>rsTQ  
meanwhile moreover zYWVz3l  
no doubt obviously Tks1gN^^  
of course particularly /t2H%#v{  
second secondly 2FO<Z %Y  
similarly so j+gh*\:q  
soon still pbwOma2  
then third 7:JGrO  
thirdly truly Qs8yJH`v  
unlike… what is more yOP$~L#TWs  
　　(3)“转” )Q}Q -Zt  
after all all the same fwUF5Y  
anyway at the same time OI6m>XH?  
but by this time J'WOqAnPZ  
conversely despite… VuK>lY&  
especially… fortunately o> &pj  
however in other words 9d=\BBNZ  
in particular in spite of… ]'hel#L;l  
in the same way likewise ?hURNlR_Q  
luckily nevertheless G"Ey%Q2K  
no doubt not withstanding … 2<'ol65/c  
on the contrary on the other hand R4DfqX  
otherwise perhaps… &#.>-D{  
unfortunately unlike… k!6m'}v  
whereas… yet H_1&>@ 3  
nonetheless as a matter of fact K &" X7fQ  
(4)“合” 9gIim
 
above all accordingly *
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as a consequence as a result M@*Y&(~  
as has been noted as I have said :vaVghN\  
at last at length tk:G6Bkid  
by and large briefly #nZPnc:  
by doing so consequently   
eventually finally 0]nveC$  
hence in brief yGX5
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in conclusion in short S5UQ   
on the whole therefore :<5jlpV(  
thus to speak frankly l$R9c+L=  
to sum up to summarize #|=lU4Bf  
indeed surely {*  w _*  
to conclude obviously :$P1ps3B  
certainly truly 6C ?,V3Z  
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常用句型 K<p Z*l  
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用于反驳性和比较性论文 Z=a~0&G  
1. In general, I don’t agree with QDb8W*&<  
2. In my opinion, this point of view doesn’t hold water. _E/  
3. The chief reason why… is that… KUHkj A_  
4.There is no true that… 79h'sp6;  
5. It is not true that… t=jG$
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6. It can be easily denied than… Pw6%,?lQ  
7. We have no reason to believe that… q_"w,28  
8. What is more serious is that… OO,EUOh-T:  
9. But it is pity that… s E;2;2u"  
10. Besides, we should not neglect that… d-8{}Q  
11. But the problem is not so simple. Therefore… ]c6h'}  
12. Others may find this to be true, but I believer that… {Wfwf  
13. Perhaps I was question why… kN 0N18E  
14. There is a certain amount of truth in this, but we still have a problem with regard to… v0T?c53?  
15. Though we are in basic agreement with…,but <KE%|6oER  
16. What seems to be the trouble is… #6pJw?[  
17. Yet differences will be found, that’s why I feel that… {j4&'=C:  
18. It would be reasonable to take the view that …, but it would be foolish to claim that… gQ<{NQMzvd  
19. There is in fact on reason for us so believe that… 4RH>i+)pS\  
20. What these people fail to consider is that… ~c*kS E2X  
21. It is one thing to insist that… , it is quite another to show that … Rv.IHSQUo  
22. Wonderful as A is , however, it has its own disadvantages too. ZQ' |B  
23. The advantages of B are much greater than A. Mf7 [@#$  
24. A’s advantage sounds ridiculous when B’s advantages are taken into consideration. j'lC]}kH  
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用于描写图表和数据 RS@G.|  
1. It has increased by three times as compared with that of 1998. U_Q;WPJ  
2. There is an increase of 20% in total this year. '+c@U~d*7  
3. It has been increased by a factor of 4since 1995. TKVS%//  
4. It would be expected to increase 5 times. 1{1mL-I;  
5. The table shows a three times increase over that of last year. !Fs<r)j  
6. It was decreased twice than that of the year 1996. %MCS_'N J  
7. The total number was lowered by 10%. lwjA07i  
8. It rose from 10-15 percent of the total this year. ]3Jb$Q@  
9. Compared with 1997, it fell from 15 to 10 percent. U r8 JG&,  
10. The number is 5 times as much as that of 1995. ]u:Ij|.'y0  
11. It has decreased almost two and half times, compared with… tJGK9!MH{(  
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用于解释性和阐述性论说文 Ylgr]?Db*  
1.Everybody knows that… .B'ws/%5\  
2.It can be easily proved that… S>Gb Jt(]  
3. It is true that… GgE 38~A4  
4. No one can deny that =)x+f/ c]  
5. One thing which is equally important to the above mentioned is… nB/`~_9  
6. The chief reason is that… ~D`  
7. We must recognize that… Cm0K-~ U  
8. There is on doubt that… Ds{DVdqA$c  
9. I am of the opinion that… 57_AJT hR  
10. This can be expressed as follows; =Ew77  
11. To take …for an example… ?KE:KV[Y  
12. We have reason to believe that $J0o%9K   
13. Now that we know that… R~;8v1>K  
14. Among the most convincing reasons given, one should be mentioned… IBW-[lr7  
15. The change in …largely results from the fact that 98vn"=3  
16. There are several causes for this significant growth in…,first …,second …,finally… D4?cnwU  
17. A number of factors could account for the development in… V@\u<LO0G  
18. Perhaps the primary reason is… cs[n
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19. It is chiefly responsible of… jY ;Hdb''  
20. The reasons for…are complicated, And probably they are found in the fact… Sae*VvT6  
21. Here are several possible reasons, excerpt that… vtc%MG1  
22. Somebody believes/argues/holds/insists/thinks that… r&~]6 U  
23. It is not simple to give the reason for this complicated phenomenon… &<cP{aBa  
24. Different people observes it in different ways. uc J8l(?Qc  
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用于文章的开头 9Fg:   
1. As the proverb says… iEbW[sX[4  
2. It goes without saying tan… 8
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3. Generally speaking… Dw,LB>Eq,  
4. It is quite clear than because… n} ]gAX  
5. It is often said that … Q,};O$h  
6. Many people often ask such question:“…？” t&IWKu#  
7. More and more people have come to realize… om6`>I*  
8. There is no doubt that… q77Iq0VR  
9. Some people believe that… xFA`sAucr  
10. These days we are often told that, but is this really the case? 0;%\L:,O  
11. One great man said that… QJI]@3 Y  
12. Recently the issue of… has been brought to public attention. 8[a N5M]  
13. In the past several years there has been… iL~(BnsF  
14. Now it is commonly held that… but I doubt whether… X@7:Fz U9  
15. Currently there is a widespread concern that…  2\F'So  
16. Now people in growing number are coming to realize that… AR g]GV/L  
17. There is a general discussion today about the issue of … \JP9lJ3<  
18. Faced with…, quite a few people argue that…, but other people conceive differently. ghk"XJ|  
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用于文章的结尾 IcNZUZGE  
1. from this point of view… ;h#Q!M&e#  
2. in a word… %-|$7?~  
3. in conclusion… `'pfBVBz  
4. on account of this we can find that… V0_^==Vs  
5. the result is dependent on… drp< f1`l8  
6. therefore, these findings reveal the following information: "DRiJ.|APs  
7. thus, this is the reason why we must… g
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8. to sum up … G%CS1#  
9. as far as…be concerned, I believe that… \^lDd~MWG  
10. It is obvious that… WGUd@l
C~  
11. There is little doubt that… 1TgD;qX  
12. There is no immediate solution to the problem of …, but …might be helpful A'*#UYn(  
13. None of the solutions is quite satisfactory. The problem should be examined in a new way. GMpg+rK  
14. It is high time that we put considerable emphasis on… 1([?EfC  
15. Taking into account all these factors, we may safely reach the conclustion that… ayN[y  

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用于论证和说明 = jTC+0u  
1. As it is described that… w(Q{;RNM;  
2. It has been illustrated that… SOS|3q_`  
3. It provides a good example of… ;NGSJfn  
4. We may cite another instance of… jTqEV (  
5. History man provides us with the examples of… (7X^z&2  
6. A number of further facts may be added… - P4X@s_;  
7. The situation is not unique, it is typical of dozens I have heard. >ffQ264g=i  
8. A recent investigation indicate that… pO2XQYhrY  
9. According to the statistics provided … M2A_T.F=H  
10. According to a latest study, it can be predicted… TR:4$92:H  
11. There is no sufficient evidence to show that… Bey9P)_O f  
12. All available evidence points to the fact that… :T#f&|Gg;  
13. Examples given leads me to conclude that… ^fbzlu?G4-  
14. It reveals the unquestionable fact that… e`?o`@vO,  
15. The idea may be proved by facts… RuOse9  
16. All the facts suggest that… YOY2K%o  
17. No one can deny the fact that… T~d_?UAw$  
18. We may face the undeniable fact that… cfHtUv  
'.7ER   
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