医学考博英语破题技巧－－－写作部分

第1页 DcOLK\  
英语作文的总体评分原则（内容与语言两个方面） <Wpz\U  
记分标准如下： @9-qqU@  
4T:ZEvdzf  
13-15（20－17）分：内容切题，包括题中所列三方面的内容：清楚表达其内涵，文字连贯；句式有变化，句子结构和用词正确。文章长度符合要求。 6R25Xfm_|  
　　10-12（16－13）分：内容切题，包括题中所列三方面的内容；比较清楚地表达其内涵；文字基本连贯；句式有一定变化，句子结构和用词无重大错误。文章长度符合要求。 7$'ja  
　　7-9（12－9）分：内容切题，基本包括题中所列三方面的内容：基本清楚地表达其内涵；句子结构和用词有少量错误。文章长度符合要求。 IY'S<)vOY  
　　4-6（8－5）分：内容基本功题，基本包含题中所列三方面的内容；语句可以理解，但有较多的句子结构和词错误。文章长度基本符合要求。 O'k"6sBb  
　　1-3（ 4－1）分：基本按要求写作，但只有少数句子可理解。 [(C lvGx  
　　0分：文不切题，语句混乱、无法理解。 q45n.A6a  
因此，一篇好的作文应基本达到： ;.iy{&$  
　　1） 有较好的写作基础，文章流畅，遣词造句不当，文章结构完整，内容符合要求； R&?p^!`%  
　　2） 语法基本正确； %:NI@59  
　　3） 句法基本准确，句子与句子段落之间过渡连贯； 0:XmReO+k  
　　4） 有一定词汇量，字数符合要求； %EuSP0  
　　5） 说理清楚，内容充实。 k@?<Aw8_X  
6） 就小作文而言，还要做到格式与语域正确。 v"`w'+  
7） 书写干净整洁。如果书写较差，以致影响交际，分数会降低一个档次。 y0xte&  
考生出现的问题 u!O)\m-  
不会审题 `sSI;+  
用汉语思维，逐字翻译。 BwR)--75  
用词搭配不当。 37VSE@Z+  
词汇量小，拼写困难。 C[75!F   
句子逻辑关系混乱。 N)QW$iw9  
Our English class often told stories. r' &VH]m  
应改为：We often told stories in our English class. +B
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不会应用关联词转承上下句子和段落。 Gd!y,n&s  
People learn English to use it , Some learn it to study or work abroad . Others learn it to read books and magazines in English or have something to do with English-speaking foreigners.采用适当关联词，改进为:people learn English for practical purposes :some learn it to study or work abroad, while others learn it to read or communicate in English. ?Pa5skqR  
语法错误。 &Mol8=V)  
　　i. 分不清及物与不及物动词，例如：rise和raise; hear和listen等 YQ]W<0(  
　　ii. 被动与主动语态的误用，例如：interesting和interested; speaking和spoken 等； ]`LMy
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　　iii. 词类混淆，将动词或形容词误作名词用，将名词和动词误作形容词用等；例如：benefit和beneficial; difficult和difficulty; pleasure和pleased等。 z&w@67 >j  
　　iv. 混淆可数名词与不可数名词，例如:help, practice 等。 d+8Sypv^4*  
　　v. 冠词、情态动词、介词、代词等方面的错误，例如：a English book, should did, must done等。 Gx!Y 4Q}-  
有选择性的记住一些套话或短语：段落连接 +5voAx!  
　　(1)“启”，常用于引导文章开头的过渡词有： t~3!| @3i  
It is often said that… d-y 8c  
Generally speaking… V3 2F  
As the proverb says… W2'u]1bs  
It goes without saying that… S3$&}I <  
It is clear/obvious that… b-,4< H8m  
Mary people often ask … +JsMYv  
　　(2)“承”，常用于第一个扩展段开头的过渡词有： \<TWy&2&  
It is true that… Dr)B0]KG  
Everybody knows that… @P@?KZ..v!  
It can be easily proved that… {{qu:(_g  
No one can deny that… ~6DaM!  
One thing which is equally important to the above mentioned is… x.8fxogz  
The chief reason why …is that … DZ"'GQSg  
We must recognize that… yw\Q>~$n[=  
There is no doubt that… *PM#ngLX}r  
I am of the opinion that… 9(6f:D  
This can expressed as follows… a5caryZ"z  
To take…for an example (instance) … |h%=a8  
Therefore we should realize that … 2{|Z?3FJ^  
We have reason to believe that… {.eo?dQ  
We know that… 4( $p8J  
What is more serious is that… R"W5R-  
(3)“转”，常用于第二个扩展段开头的过渡词有： 7v TzY%v  
Another special consideration in this case is that … S#kYPe  
Besides, we should not neglect that… LY-,cXm&|  
However, … :CLWmMC_  
But the problem is not so simple, … ^hNl6)hR  
Therefore… u8.F_'`z  
But it is a pity that… ~[%_]/#&%z  
On the other hand, … ClG\Kpirh  
I do not believe that… x$;RfK2&p  
Perhaps you’ll ask why… |sdG<+  
This may be true, but we still have a problem with regard to… Om^(CAp  
Though we are in basic agreement with … 63'm @oZ  
The trouble seems that… HjIIhl?UY  
Yet differences will be found, that’s why I feel that… ?7}ybw3t]  
So long as you regard this as reasonable, you many… p[w! SR%=  
　　(4)“合”，常用结尾段的过渡词有： qg{gCG  
In a word, … Q, :{(R  
In sum, … q>Di|5<y  
In conclusion, … ,A'| Z  
From this point of view, … 0N^+d,Xt.  
On account of this we can find that … 1~t.2eUG  
The result is dependent on … ~5'7u-;  
Therefore, these findings reveal the following information… <Y."()}GeH  
Thus, this is the reason why we must… XVkw/l  
　　2.句子连接 w]t'2p-'  
　　(1)“启” <4+P37^~  
in the first place at present vP x/&x  
currently it goes without saying that \o}T0YX  
lately first )
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first of all now Gsv<Rjj:  
presently firstly ydyTDn  
generally recently @oE 5JM  
in the beginning to begin with u Jqv@GFv  
to start with in general rw,Ylr:3  
　　(2)“承” [a04
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after a few days after a while lhKn&U  
also at any arte [K&%l]P7  
at the same time besides 7Y9#y{v1  
by this time certainly B~w$j/sWU  
consequently for example j@>D]j  
for instance for this purpose 4T31<wk  
from now on furthermore aOH|[  
in addition in addition to… J-hJqR*;K  
in fact in other words +b(};(wL  
in particular in the same manner m,lZy#02s3  
incidentally indeed k5I;Y:~`  
meanwhile moreover rW)h?, b  
no doubt obviously |Y>Jf~SN  
of course particularly 1(gs({  
second secondly m+0yf(w  
similarly so itg_+%^R  
soon still Ipk;Nq  
then third LqbI/AQ)  
thirdly truly hx9{?3#  
unlike… what is more z:>cQUYl  
　　(3)“转” wXKtQ#o}  
after all all the same B?! L~J@p  
anyway at the same time Zz0bd473k?  
but by this time xqt?z n  
conversely despite… 2!{D~Gfl=  
especially… fortunately w\)K0RN  
however in other words ib=)N)l  
in particular in spite of…  k,:W]KD  
in the same way likewise )0VL$A  
luckily nevertheless A S7L  
no doubt not withstanding … ev4[4T-(@  
on the contrary on the other hand {DRk{>K,  
otherwise perhaps…  0k (-  
unfortunately unlike… NoiB98g  
whereas… yet vGkemJ^/  
nonetheless as a matter of fact \O5L# dc#  
(4)“合” MgeC-XQM  
above all accordingly C%z)D1-  
as a consequence as a result ("8Hku?   
as has been noted as I have said 39v Bsc  
at last at length y98FEG#S}  
by and large briefly OG5{oH#K  
by doing so consequently 1}d F,e  
eventually finally ,Y:oTo=~  
hence in brief 3"h*
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in conclusion in short if*V-$[I  
on the whole therefore eC-&.Fl  
thus to speak frankly V'kB
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to sum up to summarize ~su>RolaX  
indeed surely &W\e 5X<A  
to conclude obviously Ca ~8cQ  
certainly truly % !@E)%d0  
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常用句型 \rr"EAk]  
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用于反驳性和比较性论文  tj;47UtH  
1. In general, I don’t agree with K*:=d}^  
2. In my opinion, this point of view doesn’t hold water. ntIR#fB  
3. The chief reason why… is that… y6$a :
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4.There is no true that… OLx;j+p  
5. It is not true that… -C2!`/
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6. It can be easily denied than… n*[ZS[I  
7. We have no reason to believe that… ja9u?UbW  
8. What is more serious is that… lat5n&RP Y  
9. But it is pity that… ;-3&yQ7N)  
10. Besides, we should not neglect that… ,a>Dv@$Y  
11. But the problem is not so simple. Therefore… {iyJ HY  
12. Others may find this to be true, but I believer that… "}X+vd``  
13. Perhaps I was question why… y(DT^>0  
14. There is a certain amount of truth in this, but we still have a problem with regard to… G ]h  
15. Though we are in basic agreement with…,but ?l~qb]._  
16. What seems to be the trouble is… FRxR/3&  
17. Yet differences will be found, that’s why I feel that… _)j\ b  
18. It would be reasonable to take the view that …, but it would be foolish to claim that… E]Mx<7;\ .  
19. There is in fact on reason for us so believe that… ;=joQWNDm  
20. What these people fail to consider is that… q]1p Q)\'p  
21. It is one thing to insist that… , it is quite another to show that … oLkzLJ  
22. Wonderful as A is , however, it has its own disadvantages too. 4Q!
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23. The advantages of B are much greater than A. f I%8@ :  
24. A’s advantage sounds ridiculous when B’s advantages are taken into consideration. r0nnmy]{d  
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用于描写图表和数据 6Gg`ExcT5  
1. It has increased by three times as compared with that of 1998. Q&0`(okb  
2. There is an increase of 20% in total this year. ;'Hu75ymo  
3. It has been increased by a factor of 4since 1995. %KVmpWku  
4. It would be expected to increase 5 times. -0xo6'mD  
5. The table shows a three times increase over that of last year. <cZ/_+H%
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6. It was decreased twice than that of the year 1996. }bRn&)e  
7. The total number was lowered by 10%. .(/HUQn  
8. It rose from 10-15 percent of the total this year. r?u4[ Oe#  
9. Compared with 1997, it fell from 15 to 10 percent. /*;a6S8q  
10. The number is 5 times as much as that of 1995. TfJ*G6\7e#  
11. It has decreased almost two and half times, compared with… auGK2i  
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用于解释性和阐述性论说文 &~;M16XM,e  
1.Everybody knows that… [^GBg>k  
2.It can be easily proved that… 0,-]O=   
3. It is true that… rMVcoO@3  
4. No one can deny that [f\Jcjc  
5. One thing which is equally important to the above mentioned is… )n"0:"Ou  
6. The chief reason is that… fn /?I\  
7. We must recognize that… T*@o?U  
8. There is on doubt that… P(yLRc
 
9. I am of the opinion that… (xvg.Nby  
10. This can be expressed as follows; 0t7)x8c  
11. To take …for an example…  RSj8T<  
12. We have reason to believe that $aEv*{$y  
13. Now that we know that… ~-NSIV:f  
14. Among the most convincing reasons given, one should be mentioned… U]+IP;YS  
15. The change in …largely results from the fact that ,d*1|oUw  
16. There are several causes for this significant growth in…,first …,second …,finally… Py#EjF12  
17. A number of factors could account for the development in… prt(xr4@  
18. Perhaps the primary reason is… 3]'ab-,Vp  
19. It is chiefly responsible of… ]%-U~avph  
20. The reasons for…are complicated, And probably they are found in the fact… Z  #  
21. Here are several possible reasons, excerpt that… b 1.S21  
22. Somebody believes/argues/holds/insists/thinks that… &,8Q
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23. It is not simple to give the reason for this complicated phenomenon… F0&ubspt\  
24. Different people observes it in different ways. Zgp9Uu}"  
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用于文章的开头 @D*PO-s9  
1. As the proverb says… l x;87MDs  
2. It goes without saying tan… ;=IJHk1&  
3. Generally speaking… 'hWA&Xx+  
4. It is quite clear than because… @1xVWSF  
5. It is often said that … y5=,q]Qjk[  
6. Many people often ask such question:“…？” xMQ>,nZ  
7. More and more people have come to realize… irm4lb5  
8. There is no doubt that… Nz3+yxv1  
9. Some people believe that… OA6i/3 #8  
10. These days we are often told that, but is this really the case? 3rFku"zT$  
11. One great man said that… Vb#a ,t  
12. Recently the issue of… has been brought to public attention. H-&27?s^  
13. In the past several years there has been… *7Y#G8 s  
14. Now it is commonly held that… but I doubt whether… T=~d.&J  
15. Currently there is a widespread concern that… RLL ph  
16. Now people in growing number are coming to realize that… U!Zj%H1XQ0  
17. There is a general discussion today about the issue of … yU/?4/G!  
18. Faced with…, quite a few people argue that…, but other people conceive differently. stfniV  
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用于文章的结尾 1E||ft-1i*  
1. from this point of view… EUI*:JU-  
2. in a word… ;CS[Ja>e  
3. in conclusion… IQC[ewk  
4. on account of this we can find that… <X{w^ cT_Q  
5. the result is dependent on… aj|PyX3P:  
6. therefore, these findings reveal the following information: Xl2g Hh  
7. thus, this is the reason why we must… W3Ee3  
8. to sum up … am3JzH  
9. as far as…be concerned, I believe that… V D7^wd9  
10. It is obvious that… \$4z@`nY  
11. There is little doubt that… ZRc^}5}WA  
12. There is no immediate solution to the problem of …, but …might be helpful `)]W
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13. None of the solutions is quite satisfactory. The problem should be examined in a new way. ;xw9#.d#D  
14. It is high time that we put considerable emphasis on… ):tv V  
15. Taking into account all these factors, we may safely reach the conclustion that… ?&,6Y'"  
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用于论证和说明 p`7d9MV^  
1. As it is described that… mYJ8O$  
2. It has been illustrated that… I*o6Bn |D  
3. It provides a good example of… [];wP'*  
4. We may cite another instance of… fX,O9d$  
5. History man provides us with the examples of… la)+"uW  
6. A number of further facts may be added… s/J7z$NEU  
7. The situation is not unique, it is typical of dozens I have heard. <W3p!  
8. A recent investigation indicate that… 6ZI7V!k  
9. According to the statistics provided … S =V  
10. According to a latest study, it can be predicted… *UW 8|\;  
11. There is no sufficient evidence to show that… 6=JJ!`"<2  
12. All available evidence points to the fact that… 8'3&z-  
13. Examples given leads me to conclude that… O\;Lb[`lb  
14. It reveals the unquestionable fact that… j?$B@Zk  
15. The idea may be proved by facts… S3U]AH)C  
16. All the facts suggest that… "N&ix*($  
17. No one can deny the fact that… 7yg{0a  
18. We may face the undeniable fact that… |8k^jq  
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