医学考博英语破题技巧－－－写作部分

第1页 V`f p%7W  
英语作文的总体评分原则（内容与语言两个方面） G|H+ ,B  
记分标准如下： C< 3`]l  
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13-15（20－17）分：内容切题，包括题中所列三方面的内容：清楚表达其内涵，文字连贯；句式有变化，句子结构和用词正确。文章长度符合要求。 QbjO*:c4  
　　10-12（16－13）分：内容切题，包括题中所列三方面的内容；比较清楚地表达其内涵；文字基本连贯；句式有一定变化，句子结构和用词无重大错误。文章长度符合要求。 JfGU3d*c  
　　7-9（12－9）分：内容切题，基本包括题中所列三方面的内容：基本清楚地表达其内涵；句子结构和用词有少量错误。文章长度符合要求。 84j6.\,  
　　4-6（8－5）分：内容基本功题，基本包含题中所列三方面的内容；语句可以理解，但有较多的句子结构和词错误。文章长度基本符合要求。 Q'5]E{1<'n  
　　1-3（ 4－1）分：基本按要求写作，但只有少数句子可理解。 Hb55RilC  
　　0分：文不切题，语句混乱、无法理解。 RL4J{4
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因此，一篇好的作文应基本达到： Y&!-VW  
　　1） 有较好的写作基础，文章流畅，遣词造句不当，文章结构完整，内容符合要求； \f\CK@  
　　2） 语法基本正确； He vZ}.  
　　3） 句法基本准确，句子与句子段落之间过渡连贯； [U'I3x,  
　　4） 有一定词汇量，字数符合要求； NXo$rf:  
　　5） 说理清楚，内容充实。 5, "  
6） 就小作文而言，还要做到格式与语域正确。 _^w&k{T  
7） 书写干净整洁。如果书写较差，以致影响交际，分数会降低一个档次。 G%
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考生出现的问题 5QN~^  
不会审题 w_qX~d/  
用汉语思维，逐字翻译。 ZZq]I
 
用词搭配不当。 ZDny=&>#  
词汇量小，拼写困难。 U/}YpLgdD  
句子逻辑关系混乱。 u+EZ "p;o  
Our English class often told stories. F3nYMf  
应改为：We often told stories in our English class. SG\6qE~  
不会应用关联词转承上下句子和段落。 7md,!|m
 
People learn English to use it , Some learn it to study or work abroad . Others learn it to read books and magazines in English or have something to do with English-speaking foreigners.采用适当关联词，改进为:people learn English for practical purposes :some learn it to study or work abroad, while others learn it to read or communicate in English. 8]h~jNku  
语法错误。 .w,$ TezGP  
　　i. 分不清及物与不及物动词，例如：rise和raise; hear和listen等 8=! uQQ  
　　ii. 被动与主动语态的误用，例如：interesting和interested; speaking和spoken 等； Op()`x m  
　　iii. 词类混淆，将动词或形容词误作名词用，将名词和动词误作形容词用等；例如：benefit和beneficial; difficult和difficulty; pleasure和pleased等。 J4?i\wD:  
　　iv. 混淆可数名词与不可数名词，例如:help, practice 等。 #{_iNra9  
　　v. 冠词、情态动词、介词、代词等方面的错误，例如：a English book, should did, must done等。 ci 4K Nv;  
有选择性的记住一些套话或短语：段落连接 "hid3"G  
　　(1)“启”，常用于引导文章开头的过渡词有： |xa
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It is often said that… MB7`'W
  
Generally speaking… 5(5:5q.A/D  
As the proverb says… &R5zt]4d&  
It goes without saying that… f+!k:}K  
It is clear/obvious that… `%A vn<  
Mary people often ask … 5o6 X.sC8e  
　　(2)“承”，常用于第一个扩展段开头的过渡词有： mq}V @H5  
It is true that… v}LI-~M>U  
Everybody knows that… ]!q
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It can be easily proved that… RDfvD|}VN  
No one can deny that… j*\oK@  
One thing which is equally important to the above mentioned is… N
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The chief reason why …is that … =(+]ee!Ti  
We must recognize that… n:|a;/{I]9  
There is no doubt that… O^J=19Ri  
I am of the opinion that… nW)?cQ I  
This can expressed as follows… J#W*,%8O  
To take…for an example (instance) … <?nz>vz  
Therefore we should realize that … /WGD7\G'8  
We have reason to believe that… :wq]
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We know that… wBDHhXi0  
What is more serious is that… i?ZVVE=r  
(3)“转”，常用于第二个扩展段开头的过渡词有： $l2`@ia"  
Another special consideration in this case is that … _\=x A6!  
Besides, we should not neglect that… up{0ehr  
However, … iX o(  
But the problem is not so simple, … Iprt ZqiL  
Therefore… hraR:l D  
But it is a pity that… uH?dy55Y  
On the other hand, … E mg=,  
I do not believe that… X-tw)  
Perhaps you’ll ask why… 0cSm^a  
This may be true, but we still have a problem with regard to… 9

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Though we are in basic agreement with … t{>#)5Pqv  
The trouble seems that… [(2^oTSRaq  
Yet differences will be found, that’s why I feel that… '<3h8\"  
So long as you regard this as reasonable, you many… FShUw+y  
　　(4)“合”，常用结尾段的过渡词有： /lbj!\~  
In a word, … tmOy"mq67  
In sum, … $@@ii+W}\  
In conclusion, … hP8w3gl
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From this point of view, … Oe x  
On account of this we can find that … \?oT.z5VG&  
The result is dependent on … yKuZJXG Vo  
Therefore, these findings reveal the following information… [) 0JI6  
Thus, this is the reason why we must… ^mjU3q{;  
　　2.句子连接 7TEpjSuF  
　　(1)“启” <p
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in the first place at present _h4]gZ  
currently it goes without saying that 1X2|jj  
lately first k-a1^K3  
first of all now bl
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presently firstly &"WgO!pzD  
generally recently M*bsA/Z  
in the beginning to begin with (&NLLrsio  
to start with in general sxA]o|  
　　(2)“承” R<_VWPlj  
after a few days after a while [L7s(Zs>  
also at any arte `q\F C[W  
at the same time besides r>! @Z2%s  
by this time certainly n|?sNM<J3  
consequently for example p#Po?  
for instance for this purpose ;hODzfNkS  
from now on furthermore *1!'ZfT;  
in addition in addition to… Du +_dr^4  
in fact in other words JL!^ R_b&c  
in particular in the same manner 8RuW[T?  
incidentally indeed *~4<CP+"0  
meanwhile moreover {X2uFw Gi  
no doubt obviously /2E Q:P  
of course particularly hrD2-S  
second secondly a!4p$pR  
similarly so 8@+<W%+th  
soon still TD *AFR3Oz  
then third }6pr.-J  
thirdly truly 'AWWdz  
unlike… what is more !gV{[j?~zr  
　　(3)“转” oiR9NB&<  
after all all the same _g9j_
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anyway at the same time x!W5'DO  
but by this time u\iKdL  
conversely despite… =Ez@kTvOs  
especially… fortunately R>~I8k
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however in other words :6%ivS  
in particular in spite of… /E{tNd^S  
in the same way likewise D-t!{LA  
luckily nevertheless NOoF1
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no doubt not withstanding … m+7%]$  
on the contrary on the other hand ;.xKVH/@  
otherwise perhaps… M&q~e@P  
unfortunately unlike… E@)'Z6r1  
whereas… yet ]Lg~I#/#  
nonetheless as a matter of fact 65U\;Ew  
(4)“合” B]b/(Q+  
above all accordingly f-H"|9  
as a consequence as a result lgK5E*^  
as has been noted as I have said GcA|JS=>  
at last at length snu?+*6  
by and large briefly -#G>`T~  
by doing so consequently Qi=0[  
eventually finally vr?u=_%Z  
hence in brief L:?Ew9Lf  
in conclusion in short 3QVUWhJ  
on the whole therefore l t]&o0>  
thus to speak frankly cH:&S=>h  
to sum up to summarize *wd=&Z^19  
indeed surely eLgq )  
to conclude obviously =WZ9|
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certainly truly ySDo(EI4  
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常用句型 ]BRwJ2< x  
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用于反驳性和比较性论文 L*4=b (3  
1. In general, I don’t agree with U,fPG/9  
2. In my opinion, this point of view doesn’t hold water. 7(C)vtEO:  
3. The chief reason why… is that… fk1d iB  
4.There is no true that… Vu4LC&q  
5. It is not true that… 0jxXUWO  
6. It can be easily denied than… [TqX"@4NS  
7. We have no reason to believe that… KIWHn_ :  
8. What is more serious is that… u$ci{<  
9. But it is pity that… k.)YFKi  
10. Besides, we should not neglect that… X
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11. But the problem is not so simple. Therefore… rxJl;!7G  
12. Others may find this to be true, but I believer that… #(a; w  
13. Perhaps I was question why… Uqj$itqUQ  
14. There is a certain amount of truth in this, but we still have a problem with regard to… o "P)(;  
15. Though we are in basic agreement with…,but 86?~N  
16. What seems to be the trouble is… };Df ><  
17. Yet differences will be found, that’s why I feel that… <Zf
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18. It would be reasonable to take the view that …, but it would be foolish to claim that… |m*l/@1  
19. There is in fact on reason for us so believe that… _Vt9ckaA  
20. What these people fail to consider is that… \FCPD.2s+  
21. It is one thing to insist that… , it is quite another to show that … WHLTJ]OB  
22. Wonderful as A is , however, it has its own disadvantages too. #KHj.Vg  
23. The advantages of B are much greater than A. ajM\\a?  
24. A’s advantage sounds ridiculous when B’s advantages are taken into consideration. V@gG x  
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用于描写图表和数据  ~rXLb:  
1. It has increased by three times as compared with that of 1998. Y(T$k9%}+  
2. There is an increase of 20% in total this year. .]<gm9l  
3. It has been increased by a factor of 4since 1995. 30sA\TZ  
4. It would be expected to increase 5 times. qzZ;{>_f  
5. The table shows a three times increase over that of last year. :qShP3^  
6. It was decreased twice than that of the year 1996. ! V4(- 8  
7. The total number was lowered by 10%. Ar_Yl
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8. It rose from 10-15 percent of the total this year. ,#0#1k<Dm  
9. Compared with 1997, it fell from 15 to 10 percent. ICG:4n(,  
10. The number is 5 times as much as that of 1995. jsKKg^g  
11. It has decreased almost two and half times, compared with… q!h'rX=_-  
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用于解释性和阐述性论说文 {8%KO1xB  
1.Everybody knows that… 3lS1WA  
2.It can be easily proved that… ^0(D2:E  
3. It is true that… \,!Qo*vj  
4. No one can deny that ]4lC/&nm  
5. One thing which is equally important to the above mentioned is… Q } 0_}W  
6. The chief reason is that… VjeF3pmBa  
7. We must recognize that… UZ:z|a3  
8. There is on doubt that… D7jbo[GgS  
9. I am of the opinion that… mK^E@uxN  
10. This can be expressed as follows; 5OAb6k'  
11. To take …for an example… br?pfs$U  
12. We have reason to believe that UMPW<>z  
13. Now that we know that… :j32 :/u  
14. Among the most convincing reasons given, one should be mentioned… _0iV6Bj  
15. The change in …largely results from the fact that <:StZ{o;  
16. There are several causes for this significant growth in…,first …,second …,finally… }+)q/]%  
17. A number of factors could account for the development in… |#(y?! A^  
18. Perhaps the primary reason is… uj)f
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19. It is chiefly responsible of… $L'[_J  
20. The reasons for…are complicated, And probably they are found in the fact… !_iv~Q zv  
21. Here are several possible reasons, excerpt that… v*OT[l7  
22. Somebody believes/argues/holds/insists/thinks that… `j 4>  
23. It is not simple to give the reason for this complicated phenomenon… q5) K  
24. Different people observes it in different ways. CX]L'  
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用于文章的开头 gA]3h8%w  
1. As the proverb says… IGA4"\s  
2. It goes without saying tan… 3/,}&SX  
3. Generally speaking… wEU=R>j
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4. It is quite clear than because… 
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5. It is often said that … ;O<-4$  
6. Many people often ask such question:“…？” ?*~sx=mC  
7. More and more people have come to realize… DjvPeX  
8. There is no doubt that… (543`dqAmC  
9. Some people believe that… *y|zF 6  
10. These days we are often told that, but is this really the case? q7I(x_y /  
11. One great man said that… -\25&m!+  
12. Recently the issue of… has been brought to public attention. C4 -y%W"P  
13. In the past several years there has been… sg4(@>  
14. Now it is commonly held that… but I doubt whether… @yF>=5z:  
15. Currently there is a widespread concern that… bicbCC6kC  
16. Now people in growing number are coming to realize that… tHr4/  
17. There is a general discussion today about the issue of … I]WvcDJ}C  
18. Faced with…, quite a few people argue that…, but other people conceive differently. G\~?.s|^  
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用于文章的结尾 B)dG:~  
1. from this point of view… n"@){:{4?  
2. in a word… 3jHE,5m  
3. in conclusion… {Ia$!q)  
4. on account of this we can find that… j' b0sve|?  
5. the result is dependent on… 59~mr: *sF  
6. therefore, these findings reveal the following information: 0:c3aq&u  
7. thus, this is the reason why we must… ^~dC&!D  
8. to sum up … [p]UM;+  
9. as far as…be concerned, I believe that… "6v_<t`q"  
10. It is obvious that… :m>Vp  
11. There is little doubt that… Zqb*-1Qw"*  
12. There is no immediate solution to the problem of …, but …might be helpful p$` ^A  
13. None of the solutions is quite satisfactory. The problem should be examined in a new way. ^oNcZK>  
14. It is high time that we put considerable emphasis on… NLU iNfCR  
15. Taking into account all these factors, we may safely reach the conclustion that… s+E4AG1r  
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用于论证和说明 ?yu@eo  
1. As it is described that… D}UgC\u  
2. It has been illustrated that… f*T}Ov4  
3. It provides a good example of… P/Y)Yx_(  
4. We may cite another instance of… [w)KNl  
5. History man provides us with the examples of… F*-'8~T  
6. A number of further facts may be added… `
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7. The situation is not unique, it is typical of dozens I have heard.
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8. A recent investigation indicate that… wB+F/]]|N  
9. According to the statistics provided … %/ :&L+ q  
10. According to a latest study, it can be predicted… f"^t~q[VS  
11. There is no sufficient evidence to show that… o@C|*TXN  
12. All available evidence points to the fact that… l_,6<wWp  
13. Examples given leads me to conclude that… @gQ?cU7  
14. It reveals the unquestionable fact that… )Lk2tv r  
15. The idea may be proved by facts… o,xy'  
16. All the facts suggest that… ~{N#JO Y}Z  
17. No one can deny the fact that… jR*iA3LDo  
18. We may face the undeniable fact that… m~&>+q ^7  
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[p:1]

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