医学考博英语破题技巧－－－写作部分

第1页 TDo)8+.2z  
英语作文的总体评分原则（内容与语言两个方面） 4FaO+Eo,8  
记分标准如下： (u 7Lh>6%  
x"z\d,O%W  
13-15（20－17）分：内容切题，包括题中所列三方面的内容：清楚表达其内涵，文字连贯；句式有变化，句子结构和用词正确。文章长度符合要求。 $]|3^(y``  
　　10-12（16－13）分：内容切题，包括题中所列三方面的内容；比较清楚地表达其内涵；文字基本连贯；句式有一定变化，句子结构和用词无重大错误。文章长度符合要求。 gkmof^  
　　7-9（12－9）分：内容切题，基本包括题中所列三方面的内容：基本清楚地表达其内涵；句子结构和用词有少量错误。文章长度符合要求。 5ngs1ZF@  
　　4-6（8－5）分：内容基本功题，基本包含题中所列三方面的内容；语句可以理解，但有较多的句子结构和词错误。文章长度基本符合要求。 ={BC0,  
　　1-3（ 4－1）分：基本按要求写作，但只有少数句子可理解。 #2^0z`-\_z  
　　0分：文不切题，语句混乱、无法理解。 G u`xJ  
因此，一篇好的作文应基本达到： "e-Y?_S7R8  
　　1） 有较好的写作基础，文章流畅，遣词造句不当，文章结构完整，内容符合要求； eX"%b(;s  
　　2） 语法基本正确； 51ViJdZ  
　　3） 句法基本准确，句子与句子段落之间过渡连贯； V=ll 9M  
　　4） 有一定词汇量，字数符合要求； t`6]eRR  
　　5） 说理清楚，内容充实。 ~m fG Yk"  
6） 就小作文而言，还要做到格式与语域正确。 _`SDG5  
7） 书写干净整洁。如果书写较差，以致影响交际，分数会降低一个档次。 Sd6O?&(  
考生出现的问题 &W>\Vl1  
不会审题 e ztK`_n  
用汉语思维，逐字翻译。 @|(cr: (=H  
用词搭配不当。 pBAAwHD  
词汇量小，拼写困难。 le^Fik   
句子逻辑关系混乱。 d>Tv?'o`q  
Our English class often told stories. o+x%q<e;c  
应改为：We often told stories in our English class. l'l&Zqd  
不会应用关联词转承上下句子和段落。 ~Y43`@3H:  
People learn English to use it , Some learn it to study or work abroad . Others learn it to read books and magazines in English or have something to do with English-speaking foreigners.采用适当关联词，改进为:people learn English for practical purposes :some learn it to study or work abroad, while others learn it to read or communicate in English. .+>fD0fW7Y  
语法错误。 PZ/tkw  
　　i. 分不清及物与不及物动词，例如：rise和raise; hear和listen等 n_{&dVE  
　　ii. 被动与主动语态的误用，例如：interesting和interested; speaking和spoken 等； Ju>Q QOxi|  
　　iii. 词类混淆，将动词或形容词误作名词用，将名词和动词误作形容词用等；例如：benefit和beneficial; difficult和difficulty; pleasure和pleased等。 OR&pGoW  
　　iv. 混淆可数名词与不可数名词，例如:help, practice 等。 GQg 2!s(  
　　v. 冠词、情态动词、介词、代词等方面的错误，例如：a English book, should did, must done等。 O=}w1]  
有选择性的记住一些套话或短语：段落连接 M"]?'TMfXc  
　　(1)“启”，常用于引导文章开头的过渡词有： 'sAkrl8kt  
It is often said that… UK OhsE  
Generally speaking… =0&XdxX  
As the proverb says… $Ud9v4  
It goes without saying that… ;PVE= z+y  
It is clear/obvious that… &5jc &CS  
Mary people often ask … .+2:~%v6  
　　(2)“承”，常用于第一个扩展段开头的过渡词有： /E/6(c  
It is true that… DaH4
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Everybody knows that… j^/<:e c.  
It can be easily proved that… [*K9V/  
No one can deny that… ?/}IDwuh  
One thing which is equally important to the above mentioned is… H^*[TX=#[  
The chief reason why …is that … % >nAPO+e  
We must recognize that… 6k')12~'  
There is no doubt that… c9g
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I am of the opinion that…  pb<eg,  
This can expressed as follows… uj}%S_9  
To take…for an example (instance) … G{pF! q  
Therefore we should realize that … @ 0:Eg1-  
We have reason to believe that… Lz9|
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We know that… R8.@5g_  
What is more serious is that… 4J9Y  
(3)“转”，常用于第二个扩展段开头的过渡词有： Yh,,(V6  
Another special consideration in this case is that … m{*_%tjN0  
Besides, we should not neglect that… )fuAd G  
However, … +IGSOWL  
But the problem is not so simple, … {Y+e|B0  
Therefore… zcV~)go6  
But it is a pity that… TD;u"  
On the other hand, … 6C_H0a/h&  
I do not believe that… lE bV)&'  
Perhaps you’ll ask why… h^zcM_  
This may be true, but we still have a problem with regard to… 5p.#nc!;y  
Though we are in basic agreement with … 2j^8{Agz  
The trouble seems that… q\s>Oe6$  
Yet differences will be found, that’s why I feel that… ^x >R #.R  
So long as you regard this as reasonable, you many… gE&83i"  
　　(4)“合”，常用结尾段的过渡词有： E_xCRfw_i]  
In a word, … DS<
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In sum, … }1Hy[4B(k\  
In conclusion, …  qaBL  
From this point of view, … `g'9)Xf4KT  
On account of this we can find that … )k6z  
The result is dependent on … O3L:v{Kn  
Therefore, these findings reveal the following information… /a-OBU  
Thus, this is the reason why we must… dEoW8 M#  
　　2.句子连接 dJ,,yA*  
　　(1)“启” |/RZGC4  
in the first place at present  4V 5  
currently it goes without saying that )O6_9f_  
lately first g/z7_Aq/  
first of all now WD'[|s\  
presently firstly MM/D5g  
generally recently ^s3SzB@  
in the beginning to begin with RATW[(ZA  
to start with in general }woNI  
　　(2)“承” {#TZFB  
after a few days after a while =8 Jq'-da  
also at any arte /-C6I:  
at the same time besides /c52w"WW  
by this time certainly l 1Ns~  
consequently for example Ub*O*nre  
for instance for this purpose R(cM4T.a  
from now on furthermore r|0wIpi6Q  
in addition in addition to… Q$=X ?{  
in fact in other words gK>aR ^*  
in particular in the same manner Hyz:i)2  
incidentally indeed ~_hn{Ous  
meanwhile moreover CUZ ;<Pn  
no doubt obviously .Kz
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of course particularly 2:Q2w3Xe  
second secondly `@Tl7I\  
similarly so u(g0Ob  
soon still rIZ^ix-N  
then third 5AO'IhpL  
thirdly truly OykYXFv*  
unlike… what is more >]S-a-|Bp  
　　(3)“转” NE2P "mY  
after all all the same jxNnrIA  
anyway at the same time FJ(}@U}57  
but by this time Q"=$ .M~  
conversely despite… 7,&
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especially… fortunately MY"8!  
however in other words 0L|D1 _k[  
in particular in spite of… k86j& .m
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in the same way likewise ;f+bIYQz  
luckily nevertheless LyWgaf#/d  
no doubt not withstanding … kKEs >a  
on the contrary on the other hand c&a.<e3mL  
otherwise perhaps… ;ro%Wjg`}  
unfortunately unlike… q}0xQjpo  
whereas… yet iW,fKXuo&y  
nonetheless as a matter of fact >* >}d%  
(4)“合” 3}9c0%}F  
above all accordingly mx;1'!'fr  
as a consequence as a result <b$.{&K  
as has been noted as I have said $K }Y  
at last at length :#&Y  
by and large briefly &D*22R4{CX  
by doing so consequently mcqLN5  
eventually finally @_4E^KgF  
hence in brief I` +%ab  
in conclusion in short .T|1l$Jn  
on the whole therefore 2~(\d\k  
thus to speak frankly E[kf%\  
to sum up to summarize pRrokYM d  
indeed surely " }oH3L  
to conclude obviously ,3~[cE<4  
certainly truly Z.rR)   
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常用句型 &x>8 %Q s  
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用于反驳性和比较性论文 xR`M#d5"  
1. In general, I don’t agree with Zm+QhnY|  
2. In my opinion, this point of view doesn’t hold water. ;2%8 tV$V  
3. The chief reason why… is that… %=EN 3>,  
4.There is no true that… VS ?npH  
5. It is not true that… "s.]amC  
6. It can be easily denied than… V~!lY\  
7. We have no reason to believe that… {sb2r%U!+  
8. What is more serious is that… $ -ICTp  
9. But it is pity that… q88;{?T1  
10. Besides, we should not neglect that… i4s_:
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11. But the problem is not so simple. Therefore… .b
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12. Others may find this to be true, but I believer that… Cyu= c1D;  
13. Perhaps I was question why… {#C)S&o)6  
14. There is a certain amount of truth in this, but we still have a problem with regard to… cf`g.9pjlx  
15. Though we are in basic agreement with…,but c3]`W7E6L  
16. What seems to be the trouble is… &V77WnOY  
17. Yet differences will be found, that’s why I feel that… XS oHh-  
18. It would be reasonable to take the view that …, but it would be foolish to claim that… t$zeB OI)  
19. There is in fact on reason for us so believe that… 4157!w'\y  
20. What these people fail to consider is that… Yx3ivjX.>  
21. It is one thing to insist that… , it is quite another to show that … AJ"a  
22. Wonderful as A is , however, it has its own disadvantages too. MR3\7D+9y  
23. The advantages of B are much greater than A. \qZ>WCp>r  
24. A’s advantage sounds ridiculous when B’s advantages are taken into consideration. >_'0 s  
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用于描写图表和数据 \S]` { kY,  
1. It has increased by three times as compared with that of 1998. ?ytY8`PC  
2. There is an increase of 20% in total this year. ec3zoKtV  
3. It has been increased by a factor of 4since 1995. 
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4. It would be expected to increase 5 times. 5`\"UC7?%  
5. The table shows a three times increase over that of last year. t/B4?A@C  
6. It was decreased twice than that of the year 1996. |A,<m#C  
7. The total number was lowered by 10%. G<M9 6V  
8. It rose from 10-15 percent of the total this year. F_.1^XM  
9. Compared with 1997, it fell from 15 to 10 percent. >1  %|T  
10. The number is 5 times as much as that of 1995. UZRN4tru6  
11. It has decreased almost two and half times, compared with… 1A}#j  
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用于解释性和阐述性论说文 >UnLq:
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1.Everybody knows that… j.kv!; Rj=  
2.It can be easily proved that… vI \8@97  
3. It is true that… I_5[-9  
4. No one can deny that %;,4qB  
5. One thing which is equally important to the above mentioned is… S{jm4LZ  
6. The chief reason is that… 4L/nEZ!Nsu  
7. We must recognize that… Go)}%[@w  
8. There is on doubt that… h{T{3  
9. I am of the opinion that… 3FG'A[x3O  
10. This can be expressed as follows; _%KRZx}  
11. To take …for an example… $CDRIn50  
12. We have reason to believe that -unQ4G  
13. Now that we know that… `_e5pW=:>  
14. Among the most convincing reasons given, one should be mentioned… wGgeK,*_  
15. The change in …largely results from the fact that KEjMxOv1  
16. There are several causes for this significant growth in…,first …,second …,finally… lUIh0%O  
17. A number of factors could account for the development in… R
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18. Perhaps the primary reason is… \3T[Cy|5|  
19. It is chiefly responsible of… n(#[[k9&Ic  
20. The reasons for…are complicated, And probably they are found in the fact… Nz>xilU'  
21. Here are several possible reasons, excerpt that… LcTTfb+<  
22. Somebody believes/argues/holds/insists/thinks that… r0s(MyI  
23. It is not simple to give the reason for this complicated phenomenon… -`D<OSt7  
24. Different people observes it in different ways. e_}tK1XY  
N%9?8X[5  
用于文章的开头 [WI'oy  
1. As the proverb says… dEkAUH  
2. It goes without saying tan…  |CAMd
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3. Generally speaking… <j1r6.E)  
4. It is quite clear than because… ^O!;KIe{g  
5. It is often said that … Zr(eH2}0D  
6. Many people often ask such question:“…？” sl:1P^b  
7. More and more people have come to realize… lUdk^7:M  
8. There is no doubt that… D^6Q`o  
9. Some people believe that… 39L_O RMH  
10. These days we are often told that, but is this really the case? `VF_rC[?  
11. One great man said that… i(kx'ua?  
12. Recently the issue of… has been brought to public attention. GI>(S  
13. In the past several years there has been… Awr(}){  
14. Now it is commonly held that… but I doubt whether… g
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15. Currently there is a widespread concern that… bXA%|7*  
16. Now people in growing number are coming to realize that… !w%p Gv.wg  
17. There is a general discussion today about the issue of … n2|@Hz_  
18. Faced with…, quite a few people argue that…, but other people conceive differently. O$N;a9g  
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用于文章的结尾 5Pf)&iG  
1. from this point of view… gLg.m V1<  
2. in a word… I@IE0+ [n  
3. in conclusion… Ai)>ot  
4. on account of this we can find that… pE%*r@p4&4  
5. the result is dependent on… E)wf
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6. therefore, these findings reveal the following information: ) I(9qt>Y  
7. thus, this is the reason why we must… nW<nOKTnk_  
8. to sum up … Z!*6;[]SfG  
9. as far as…be concerned, I believe that… ;+bF4r@:+  
10. It is obvious that… 4iZg2"[D  
11. There is little doubt that… ?9>wG7cps7  
12. There is no immediate solution to the problem of …, but …might be helpful p'6XF{  
13. None of the solutions is quite satisfactory. The problem should be examined in a new way. G6lC[eK  
14. It is high time that we put considerable emphasis on… k~I]Y,  
15. Taking into account all these factors, we may safely reach the conclustion that… l]j;0i  
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用于论证和说明 FM(EOsWk  
1. As it is described that… Z9|A"[b  
2. It has been illustrated that… 9JX@ck  
3. It provides a good example of… :{VXDT"  
4. We may cite another instance of… <P
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5. History man provides us with the examples of… _1mpsY< k  
6. A number of further facts may be added… |MagK$o  
7. The situation is not unique, it is typical of dozens I have heard. !"&-k:|g  
8. A recent investigation indicate that… >P
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9. According to the statistics provided … fE
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10. According to a latest study, it can be predicted… g^x=y   
11. There is no sufficient evidence to show that… qkz|r?R)  
12. All available evidence points to the fact that… X Q CE`m  
13. Examples given leads me to conclude that… N%ccy?B  
14. It reveals the unquestionable fact that… b)M-q{  
15. The idea may be proved by facts… #XB3Wden2  
16. All the facts suggest that… gK@`0/k{  
17. No one can deny the fact that… 9Kgyt  
18. We may face the undeniable fact that… O[
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