医学考博英语破题技巧－－－写作部分

第1页 M [Ls:\1a  
英语作文的总体评分原则（内容与语言两个方面） 5v>(xl  
记分标准如下： |4wVWJ7   
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13-15（20－17）分：内容切题，包括题中所列三方面的内容：清楚表达其内涵，文字连贯；句式有变化，句子结构和用词正确。文章长度符合要求。 K3 "co1]u  
　　10-12（16－13）分：内容切题，包括题中所列三方面的内容；比较清楚地表达其内涵；文字基本连贯；句式有一定变化，句子结构和用词无重大错误。文章长度符合要求。 '&s:,o-p  
　　7-9（12－9）分：内容切题，基本包括题中所列三方面的内容：基本清楚地表达其内涵；句子结构和用词有少量错误。文章长度符合要求。 c+-L>dsss  
　　4-6（8－5）分：内容基本功题，基本包含题中所列三方面的内容；语句可以理解，但有较多的句子结构和词错误。文章长度基本符合要求。 m",$M>  
　　1-3（ 4－1）分：基本按要求写作，但只有少数句子可理解。
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　　0分：文不切题，语句混乱、无法理解。 wxr93$v  
因此，一篇好的作文应基本达到： op&, &  
　　1） 有较好的写作基础，文章流畅，遣词造句不当，文章结构完整，内容符合要求； '_@=9 \<  
　　2） 语法基本正确； :3{@LOil^  
　　3） 句法基本准确，句子与句子段落之间过渡连贯； 1wqCoDgkp  
　　4） 有一定词汇量，字数符合要求； qV8;;&8r  
　　5） 说理清楚，内容充实。 D-A#{e _  
6） 就小作文而言，还要做到格式与语域正确。 #qm<4]91  
7） 书写干净整洁。如果书写较差，以致影响交际，分数会降低一个档次。 Wky~hm  
考生出现的问题 dg/7?gV  
不会审题 X#1So.}c  
用汉语思维，逐字翻译。 DTn=WGm)  
用词搭配不当。 ^yH|k@y  
词汇量小，拼写困难。 aW4tJN%!  
句子逻辑关系混乱。 /2Y Nu*v  
Our English class often told stories. I?s)^'  
应改为：We often told stories in our English class. {foF[M  
不会应用关联词转承上下句子和段落。 L'"20=sf  
People learn English to use it , Some learn it to study or work abroad . Others learn it to read books and magazines in English or have something to do with English-speaking foreigners.采用适当关联词，改进为:people learn English for practical purposes :some learn it to study or work abroad, while others learn it to read or communicate in English. dUOjPq97  
语法错误。 JS}W4 N  
　　i. 分不清及物与不及物动词，例如：rise和raise; hear和listen等 cJj0`@0f  
　　ii. 被动与主动语态的误用，例如：interesting和interested; speaking和spoken 等； ')Ozz<{  
　　iii. 词类混淆，将动词或形容词误作名词用，将名词和动词误作形容词用等；例如：benefit和beneficial; difficult和difficulty; pleasure和pleased等。 P}DrUND  
　　iv. 混淆可数名词与不可数名词，例如:help, practice 等。 ~W%A8`9  
　　v. 冠词、情态动词、介词、代词等方面的错误，例如：a English book, should did, must done等。 D#W{:_f  
有选择性的记住一些套话或短语：段落连接 UFouIS#L  
　　(1)“启”，常用于引导文章开头的过渡词有： <uu1e@P  
It is often said that… Drk9F"J   
Generally speaking… uC 5mxZ  
As the proverb says… 7&'^H8V  
It goes without saying that… e0(loWq]  
It is clear/obvious that… <*2.B~  
Mary people often ask … <LzN/I aJ  
　　(2)“承”，常用于第一个扩展段开头的过渡词有： [-s0'z  
It is true that… $M$oNOT}Y  
Everybody knows that… #9#N+  
It can be easily proved that… b0m1O.&I_  
No one can deny that… TnPdpynP  
One thing which is equally important to the above mentioned is… Vy-H3BR  
The chief reason why …is that … 8 x|NR?  
We must recognize that… csH1X/3ha\  
There is no doubt that… M\e%GJ0  
I am of the opinion that… sJt&`kZ  
This can expressed as follows… o+/x8:   
To take…for an example (instance) … OHp 121  
Therefore we should realize that … g9GE0DbT`  
We have reason to believe that… py P5^Qv  
We know that… O'$0K0k3  
What is more serious is that… /_26D0}UuF  
(3)“转”，常用于第二个扩展段开头的过渡词有： l: 1Zq_?v;  
Another special consideration in this case is that … Hd2Sou4-j  
Besides, we should not neglect that… CIj3D"  
However, … cX E42MM  
But the problem is not so simple, … 4SY]Q[  
Therefore… Z3~$"V*ZB{  
But it is a pity that…  \AoM'+  
On the other hand, … VISNmz2P  
I do not believe that… #f\U
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Perhaps you’ll ask why… r,L#JR w#-  
This may be true, but we still have a problem with regard to… EoIP#Cnd1  
Though we are in basic agreement with … FL/@e$AK
 
The trouble seems that… v?
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Yet differences will be found, that’s why I feel that… |9~{&<^X  
So long as you regard this as reasonable, you many… !@W1d|{lu  
　　(4)“合”，常用结尾段的过渡词有： ,Hch->?Og  
In a word, … aqoT  
In sum, … CP]BSyim'  
In conclusion, … kQsyvE  
From this point of view, … ]lXTIej`dy  
On account of this we can find that … qyP@[ 8eH  
The result is dependent on … .NiPaUzc<  
Therefore, these findings reveal the following information… N$6Rg1  
Thus, this is the reason why we must… z"Gk K
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　　2.句子连接 Fwm{oypg%  
　　(1)“启” j _o6+Rk  
in the first place at present \T/~" w  
currently it goes without saying that s~Ni\SF  
lately first 8]YFlW9  
first of all now z%hB=V!~91  
presently firstly E;@`{ v  
generally recently H/|Mq#K  
in the beginning to begin with z%}^9  
to start with in general S"!nM]2L  
　　(2)“承” |0vY'A)]  
after a few days after a while b*no.eB  
also at any arte $Dxz21|P7  
at the same time besides eRWTuIV6  
by this time certainly ^*C8BzcH  
consequently for example f[6;)ZA  
for instance for this purpose GO.mT/rB  
from now on furthermore ?dl7!I@<E<  
in addition in addition to… +?),BRCce  
in fact in other words /[#<@o  
in particular in the same manner *r6+Vz  
incidentally indeed $VvL  
meanwhile moreover fil '._  
no doubt obviously 6+b!|`?l+  
of course particularly T\eOrWt/  
second secondly x6d+`
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similarly so ng(STvSh:  
soon still y*0bHzJ  
then third '#mv-/<t*  
thirdly truly 9^h0D}#@  
unlike… what is more R#.FfWTZ  
　　(3)“转” yANk(  
after all all the same ^ 
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anyway at the same time 'gHa3:US  
but by this time M >#kfSF+  
conversely despite… 0Ah'G  
especially… fortunately Ea#wtow|-  
however in other words T~@$WM(  
in particular in spite of… #/a>dK  
in the same way likewise CBz$N)f  
luckily nevertheless f}
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no doubt not withstanding … Khp`KPxz%  
on the contrary on the other hand w64/$  
otherwise perhaps… :%-xiv  
unfortunately unlike… 3 .,O7 k7y  
whereas… yet Qz6Ry\u  
nonetheless as a matter of fact iv@ey-,<  
(4)“合” S-@ E  
above all accordingly t:|knZq  
as a consequence as a result 92zo+bc  
as has been noted as I have said IjJO;  
at last at length B^Z %38o  
by and large briefly U
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by doing so consequently ["]r=l  
eventually finally \Eqxmo  
hence in brief ,|RS]I>X  
in conclusion in short nSUQ Eho<  
on the whole therefore W!.F\H,(  
thus to speak frankly yc ize2>q  
to sum up to summarize 'L$%)`;e  
indeed surely Qe8F(k~k  
to conclude obviously +\r=/""DW  
certainly truly DK-V3}`q}  
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常用句型 A^\A^$|O6  
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用于反驳性和比较性论文 bo>4:i  
1. In general, I don’t agree with /da5"  
2. In my opinion, this point of view doesn’t hold water. "DWw]\xO](  
3. The chief reason why… is that… 8Jnl!4
  
4.There is no true that… }ZPO^4H;-  
5. It is not true that… QOb+6qy:3  
6. It can be easily denied than… j%7N\Vb  
7. We have no reason to believe that… oRJ!J-Z]  
8. What is more serious is that… 6.uyY@Yx  
9. But it is pity that… k)'y;{IN  
10. Besides, we should not neglect that… -eZ$wn![  
11. But the problem is not so simple. Therefore… (4;
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12. Others may find this to be true, but I believer that… `,-w+3?Al  
13. Perhaps I was question why… D's Tv}P  
14. There is a certain amount of truth in this, but we still have a problem with regard to… QJeL&mf  
15. Though we are in basic agreement with…,but MM+x}g.?  
16. What seems to be the trouble is… U%<E9G594  
17. Yet differences will be found, that’s why I feel that… blUnAu o~  
18. It would be reasonable to take the view that …, but it would be foolish to claim that… DQ #rZi3I  
19. There is in fact on reason for us so believe that… Z$a5vu*pg  
20. What these people fail to consider is that… !+<OED=qe  
21. It is one thing to insist that… , it is quite another to show that … lKtA.{(  
22. Wonderful as A is , however, it has its own disadvantages too. /b|V=j}W  
23. The advantages of B are much greater than A. -[h2fqu1  
24. A’s advantage sounds ridiculous when B’s advantages are taken into consideration. a/@F?\A  
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用于描写图表和数据 BXzn-S  
1. It has increased by three times as compared with that of 1998. yF [|dB  
2. There is an increase of 20% in total this year. %z9lCTmy  
3. It has been increased by a factor of 4since 1995. .eNeqC  
4. It would be expected to increase 5 times. bXiOf#:''  
5. The table shows a three times increase over that of last year. 3|se]~  
6. It was decreased twice than that of the year 1996. hOOkf mOM  
7. The total number was lowered by 10%. y E;n.L  
8. It rose from 10-15 percent of the total this year. qV7F=1k]  
9. Compared with 1997, it fell from 15 to 10 percent. S;I>W&U  
10. The number is 5 times as much as that of 1995. [& d"Z2gK  
11. It has decreased almost two and half times, compared with… 0#/NZ
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用于解释性和阐述性论说文 Z=I+_p_G  
1.Everybody knows that… 5McOSy  
2.It can be easily proved that… r8wip\[  
3. It is true that… ]lgI Q;r  
4. No one can deny that 5ns.||%k  
5. One thing which is equally important to the above mentioned is… =qNZ7>Qw  
6. The chief reason is that… {L#+v~d^'n  
7. We must recognize that… Y+ Qm.  
8. There is on doubt that… M3EB=tU  
9. I am of the opinion that… aSEzh78  
10. This can be expressed as follows; o_#F,gze)S  
11. To take …for an example… V|q`KOF  
12. We have reason to believe that U 6`E\?d`  
13. Now that we know that… SmMJ%lgA6  
14. Among the most convincing reasons given, one should be mentioned… |EpL~G
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15. The change in …largely results from the fact that }|-Yd"$  
16. There are several causes for this significant growth in…,first …,second …,finally… 7.!`c-8 u  
17. A number of factors could account for the development in… k0>]7t$L  
18. Perhaps the primary reason is… Z{p62|+Ck@  
19. It is chiefly responsible of… iqAME%m  
20. The reasons for…are complicated, And probably they are found in the fact… a(|,KWHn  
21. Here are several possible reasons, excerpt that… D/<;9hw  
22. Somebody believes/argues/holds/insists/thinks that… e<E]8GAF  
23. It is not simple to give the reason for this complicated phenomenon… .G/2CVM
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24. Different people observes it in different ways. ;z3w#fNMv  
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用于文章的开头 863PVce",}  
1. As the proverb says… d:%!)s  
2. It goes without saying tan… .`5BgX7W  
3. Generally speaking… 1XD|H_JG<j  
4. It is quite clear than because… XL2iK)A  
5. It is often said that … r[votdFo  
6. Many people often ask such question:“…？” - )brq3L  
7. More and more people have come to realize… Kulh:d:w  
8. There is no doubt that… O9Fg_qfuT_  
9. Some people believe that… O%R*1 P9  
10. These days we are often told that, but is this really the case? +i1\],
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11. One great man said that… X GhV? tA  
12. Recently the issue of… has been brought to public attention. ;~ , <8  
13. In the past several years there has been… Qin;{8I0  
14. Now it is commonly held that… but I doubt whether… @c{rqa v  
15. Currently there is a widespread concern that… 2ij
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16. Now people in growing number are coming to realize that… u{>_Pb  
17. There is a general discussion today about the issue of … 6;^ e  
18. Faced with…, quite a few people argue that…, but other people conceive differently. n"P29"
  
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用于文章的结尾 e9e7_QG_-  
1. from this point of view… |4tnG&=  
2. in a word… w\PCBY=  
3. in conclusion… ;?`l1:C5)  
4. on account of this we can find that… 4X^{aIlshk  
5. the result is dependent on… rt5eN:'qY  
6. therefore, these findings reveal the following information: 5|^{t00T~  
7. thus, this is the reason why we must… AT6:&5_`  
8. to sum up … kk*:S*,  
9. as far as…be concerned, I believe that… Zagj1OV|  
10. It is obvious that… _=\=oC  
11. There is little doubt that… AHA4{Zu[  
12. There is no immediate solution to the problem of …, but …might be helpful dU4G!  
13. None of the solutions is quite satisfactory. The problem should be examined in a new way. .{@aQ wN  
14. It is high time that we put considerable emphasis on… l`}Ag8Q  
15. Taking into account all these factors, we may safely reach the conclustion that… lv*fK  
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用于论证和说明 eyiGe1^C  
1. As it is described that… R1%2]?  
2. It has been illustrated that… )E2^G)J$W  
3. It provides a good example of… j r9/  
4. We may cite another instance of… P=j89-e  
5. History man provides us with the examples of… b(Ev:  
6. A number of further facts may be added… 8?S)>-mwv  
7. The situation is not unique, it is typical of dozens I have heard. v.ftfL!  
8. A recent investigation indicate that… 4ZZ/R?AiK  
9. According to the statistics provided …  MR/8  
10. According to a latest study, it can be predicted… &$vW  
11. There is no sufficient evidence to show that… O-M4NKl] 6  
12. All available evidence points to the fact that… :V%XEN)  
13. Examples given leads me to conclude that… CS:mO|  
14. It reveals the unquestionable fact that… +U%U3tAvs  
15. The idea may be proved by facts… +;
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16. All the facts suggest that… @CSTp6{y  
17. No one can deny the fact that… *Q<%(JJ  
18. We may face the undeniable fact that… ?\Q
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