医学考博英语破题技巧－－－写作部分

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英语作文的总体评分原则（内容与语言两个方面） -jWXE  
记分标准如下： b"pN;v  
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13-15（20－17）分：内容切题，包括题中所列三方面的内容：清楚表达其内涵，文字连贯；句式有变化，句子结构和用词正确。文章长度符合要求。 'BX U'  
　　10-12（16－13）分：内容切题，包括题中所列三方面的内容；比较清楚地表达其内涵；文字基本连贯；句式有一定变化，句子结构和用词无重大错误。文章长度符合要求。 r<OqI*7  
　　7-9（12－9）分：内容切题，基本包括题中所列三方面的内容：基本清楚地表达其内涵；句子结构和用词有少量错误。文章长度符合要求。 L2> )HG
 
　　4-6（8－5）分：内容基本功题，基本包含题中所列三方面的内容；语句可以理解，但有较多的句子结构和词错误。文章长度基本符合要求。 5
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　　1-3（ 4－1）分：基本按要求写作，但只有少数句子可理解。 3DOc,}nI~@  
　　0分：文不切题，语句混乱、无法理解。 ZKF #(G  
因此，一篇好的作文应基本达到： ~9Cw5rwH<;  
　　1） 有较好的写作基础，文章流畅，遣词造句不当，文章结构完整，内容符合要求； WXFCe@  
　　2） 语法基本正确； w~ O)DhC  
　　3） 句法基本准确，句子与句子段落之间过渡连贯； v
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　　4） 有一定词汇量，字数符合要求； iLk"lcX  
　　5） 说理清楚，内容充实。 S N;1F  
6） 就小作文而言，还要做到格式与语域正确。 Y/]J0D  
7） 书写干净整洁。如果书写较差，以致影响交际，分数会降低一个档次。 <,</ Ge  
考生出现的问题 &I7T?  
不会审题 2[I[I*"_d  
用汉语思维，逐字翻译。 M5c *vs  
用词搭配不当。 [/Xc},HbMe  
词汇量小，拼写困难。 (".WJXB\  
句子逻辑关系混乱。 oH1]-Nl$  
Our English class often told stories. FF~VV<a  
应改为：We often told stories in our English class. N**"u"CX  
不会应用关联词转承上下句子和段落。 -?1ed|I8  
People learn English to use it , Some learn it to study or work abroad . Others learn it to read books and magazines in English or have something to do with English-speaking foreigners.采用适当关联词，改进为:people learn English for practical purposes :some learn it to study or work abroad, while others learn it to read or communicate in English. A H|'{  
语法错误。 PJ2m4ulY  
　　i. 分不清及物与不及物动词，例如：rise和raise; hear和listen等 kk ZM
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　　ii. 被动与主动语态的误用，例如：interesting和interested; speaking和spoken 等； x }i'2  
　　iii. 词类混淆，将动词或形容词误作名词用，将名词和动词误作形容词用等；例如：benefit和beneficial; difficult和difficulty; pleasure和pleased等。 pykRi#[UrX  
　　iv. 混淆可数名词与不可数名词，例如:help, practice 等。 Z&5cJk W  
　　v. 冠词、情态动词、介词、代词等方面的错误，例如：a English book, should did, must done等。 G\#dMCk?  
有选择性的记住一些套话或短语：段落连接 O4T_p=Xc  
　　(1)“启”，常用于引导文章开头的过渡词有： !Q{~f;L  
It is often said that… `q+ Ug  
Generally speaking… ?<~P)aVVj  
As the proverb says… .83z =  
It goes without saying that… <zp|i#~  
It is clear/obvious that… s=1w6ZLD  
Mary people often ask … iJzW3%E  
　　(2)“承”，常用于第一个扩展段开头的过渡词有： ' eH Fa  
It is true that… dwz{Yw(  
Everybody knows that… I ka V g L  
It can be easily proved that… X@Yl<9|i  
No one can deny that… zqm/<]A*l  
One thing which is equally important to the above mentioned is… e@L?jBj8m  
The chief reason why …is that … 4H hQzVM{  
We must recognize that… Z '_EX7r  
There is no doubt that… 1VB{dgr  
I am of the opinion that… /^b=| +Do  
This can expressed as follows… U_AmRiy  
To take…for an example (instance) … H)NT2@%{P  
Therefore we should realize that … g BV66L  
We have reason to believe that… <26Jif:  
We know that… wsAijHjJI!  
What is more serious is that… OB\j q!"  
(3)“转”，常用于第二个扩展段开头的过渡词有： ePe/@g1K*  
Another special consideration in this case is that … ~4u[\&Sh  
Besides, we should not neglect that… FWuk@t[<O  
However, … P*{*^DN  
But the problem is not so simple, … +t<'{KZ7;  
Therefore… UYsyVY`Fm|  
But it is a pity that… [+>cW0a  
On the other hand, … =l1O9/\9  
I do not believe that… ?V(h@T  
Perhaps you’ll ask why… K)TMr"j\  
This may be true, but we still have a problem with regard to… zn/b\X/  
Though we are in basic agreement with … h|XLL|:  
The trouble seems that… .?;"iv+  
Yet differences will be found, that’s why I feel that… ^3w >:4m  
So long as you regard this as reasonable, you many… ~ A4_  
　　(4)“合”，常用结尾段的过渡词有： +BkmI\  
In a word, … VTwJtWnq  
In sum, … Xjnv8{
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In conclusion, … }?=4pGsI  
From this point of view, … f>jAu;S  
On account of this we can find that … _J-3{a  
The result is dependent on … kc}& \y  
Therefore, these findings reveal the following information… 2j*o[kAE  
Thus, this is the reason why we must… [Z{0 |NR  
　　2.句子连接 9zD^4j7  
　　(1)“启” f)%8*B  
in the first place at present H\@@iK=  
currently it goes without saying that j;_ >,\  
lately first Q:sw*7"F  
first of all now K9+%rqC.|`  
presently firstly 2JS&
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generally recently I,wgu:}P#  
in the beginning to begin with DW.vu%j^[  
to start with in general V j"B/@  
　　(2)“承” y759S)U>>p  
after a few days after a while KiO1l{.s8n  
also at any arte 9|9Hk1  
at the same time besides )TV{n#n  
by this time certainly 92)e/t iP  
consequently for example Kitx%P`i  
for instance for this purpose Qg' {RAV8  
from now on furthermore Rw#4 |&  
in addition in addition to… {t1;icu  
in fact in other words y0f"UH/   
in particular in the same manner |ZuS"'3_w  
incidentally indeed "~^#{q  
meanwhile moreover z6f N)kw  
no doubt obviously R@K

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of course particularly zs@xw@  
second secondly 
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similarly so ,2?Sua/LD  
soon still XlGDv*d:#d  
then third eod-N}o  
thirdly truly xgV(0H}Mf  
unlike… what is more ygn]f*;?kw  
　　(3)“转” JXA!l?%  
after all all the same Mp`2[S@$  
anyway at the same time 1 /dy@'  
but by this time MmPLJ  
conversely despite… C`LHFqv  
especially… fortunately s2rwFj8 |  
however in other words M8HHyV[AmC  
in particular in spite of… ,8^QV3  
in the same way likewise i{+W62k*  
luckily nevertheless 1P[[ PvkD6  
no doubt not withstanding … 3!:?OUhx  
on the contrary on the other hand 1o*eu&@  
otherwise perhaps… c&AJFED]<  
unfortunately unlike… v@^P4cu;  
whereas… yet yRF %SWO  
nonetheless as a matter of fact ?@uyqi~:U  
(4)“合” Ns} BE H  
above all accordingly ] e
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as a consequence as a result -h?ed'e/zz  
as has been noted as I have said ?wpS  
at last at length 8'}D/4MUr  
by and large briefly v3q.,I_  
by doing so consequently "f5neW  
eventually finally Y"dUxv1Ap  
hence in brief e[ 9  
in conclusion in short oM~;du  
on the whole therefore T}55ZpSC&  
thus to speak frankly 7i@vj7K  
to sum up to summarize +IkL=/';#  
indeed surely :*6#(MX  
to conclude obviously |Y")$pjz  
certainly truly 2iV/?.<Z&  
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常用句型 r-aCa/4y!  
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用于反驳性和比较性论文 /nas~{B  
1. In general, I don’t agree with M?QK4Zxb6U  
2. In my opinion, this point of view doesn’t hold water. zS<idy F`  
3. The chief reason why… is that… r 1x2)  
4.There is no true that… j+6`nN7L  
5. It is not true that… 5xIOi(3`Q  
6. It can be easily denied than… N}rc3d#  
7. We have no reason to believe that… __OH gp 1  
8. What is more serious is that… y|Vwy4tK9  
9. But it is pity that… > %B7/l$
 
10. Besides, we should not neglect that… id:6O+\  
11. But the problem is not so simple. Therefore… u`~,`z^{n  
12. Others may find this to be true, but I believer that… H2oD0f|  
13. Perhaps I was question why… g3Z"ri~!G  
14. There is a certain amount of truth in this, but we still have a problem with regard to… og)
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15. Though we are in basic agreement with…,but CjT]!D)s  
16. What seems to be the trouble is… 5kdh!qy[$,  
17. Yet differences will be found, that’s why I feel that… 9JBVG~m+  
18. It would be reasonable to take the view that …, but it would be foolish to claim that… e4<[|B!O  
19. There is in fact on reason for us so believe that… <R.Ipyt.  
20. What these people fail to consider is that… G+V?c1Me  
21. It is one thing to insist that… , it is quite another to show that … ToE^%J4  
22. Wonderful as A is , however, it has its own disadvantages too. 0Ma3  
23. The advantages of B are much greater than A. ,%4~ulKMn  
24. A’s advantage sounds ridiculous when B’s advantages are taken into consideration. =}wqo6Bn|  
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用于描写图表和数据 R Y ";SfYb  
1. It has increased by three times as compared with that of 1998. ''3b[<  
2. There is an increase of 20% in total this year. XZH\HK)K-]  
3. It has been increased by a factor of 4since 1995. Kk|4  
4. It would be expected to increase 5 times. 7j~}M(s
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5. The table shows a three times increase over that of last year. n1r'Y;G  
6. It was decreased twice than that of the year 1996. 7?W
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7. The total number was lowered by 10%. ?v@pB>NZ  
8. It rose from 10-15 percent of the total this year. `Ti?hQm/  
9. Compared with 1997, it fell from 15 to 10 percent. 6X[Mn2wYW  
10. The number is 5 times as much as that of 1995. -v &  
11. It has decreased almost two and half times, compared with… mr<camL5  
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用于解释性和阐述性论说文 r"bV{v  
1.Everybody knows that… 3u@=]0ZN  
2.It can be easily proved that… Z> (K|3_  
3. It is true that… )m<C mYr2  
4. No one can deny that :O/QgGZN$  
5. One thing which is equally important to the above mentioned is… |$G|M=*LN  
6. The chief reason is that… eiJ~1HX)  
7. We must recognize that… 9*;OHoDh  
8. There is on doubt that… <}('w/  
9. I am of the opinion that… ~jDf,a2  
10. This can be expressed as follows; ?AYb@&%  
11. To take …for an example… ]CGH )4Pe  
12. We have reason to believe that mJ
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13. Now that we know that… Wo+^R%K'4  
14. Among the most convincing reasons given, one should be mentioned… X-j3=8wPM  
15. The change in …largely results from the fact that xM2UwTpW  
16. There are several causes for this significant growth in…,first …,second …,finally… rtC:3fDy  
17. A number of factors could account for the development in… .M([
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18. Perhaps the primary reason is… W,bu=2K6  
19. It is chiefly responsible of… ?F/)<r  
20. The reasons for…are complicated, And probably they are found in the fact… d]+2rt}]hL  
21. Here are several possible reasons, excerpt that… Rg%Xy`gS  
22. Somebody believes/argues/holds/insists/thinks that… bBgy L
yg  
23. It is not simple to give the reason for this complicated phenomenon… e {805^X}  
24. Different people observes it in different ways. DyM<aT  
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用于文章的开头 FJ{6_=@D  
1. As the proverb says… ;uN&yj<}a  
2. It goes without saying tan… yII+#?D  
3. Generally speaking… K:54`UJ  
4. It is quite clear than because… o(eh.   
5. It is often said that … d-'BT( @:  
6. Many people often ask such question:“…？” 2U&+K2  
7. More and more people have come to realize… Iwe  
8. There is no doubt that… 
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9. Some people believe that… x{9$4d  
10. These days we are often told that, but is this really the case? zvR; Tl6]  
11. One great man said that… a^7QHYJ6  
12. Recently the issue of… has been brought to public attention. Mw|lEctN0  
13. In the past several years there has been… j9f[){m`  
14. Now it is commonly held that… but I doubt whether… lY[\eQ 1:  
15. Currently there is a widespread concern that… ZwMd 22  
16. Now people in growing number are coming to realize that… mNKcaM?h  
17. There is a general discussion today about the issue of … 6f) 7*j~  
18. Faced with…, quite a few people argue that…, but other people conceive differently. wQ?Z y;/S  
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用于文章的结尾 ,:% h`P_  
1. from this point of view…  GjyTM  
2. in a word… uvJmEBL:  
3. in conclusion… !*PX
-  
4. on account of this we can find that… &n]]OPo  
5. the result is dependent on… '#lc?Y(pJ2  
6. therefore, these findings reveal the following information: $ZlzS`XF7  
7. thus, this is the reason why we must… R~BFZF>:  
8. to sum up … )}@Z*.HZL  
9. as far as…be concerned, I believe that… *1h@Jb34  
10. It is obvious that… >N"=10  
11. There is little doubt that… d(^3S>V|q  
12. There is no immediate solution to the problem of …, but …might be helpful jQ['f\R  
13. None of the solutions is quite satisfactory. The problem should be examined in a new way. BC R]K  
14. It is high time that we put considerable emphasis on… l $0w 9Z^  
15. Taking into account all these factors, we may safely reach the conclustion that… Tsocc5gWZ*  
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用于论证和说明 ~?B\+6<V  
1. As it is described that… 4%7Oaf>9  
2. It has been illustrated that… m5
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3. It provides a good example of… |#EI(W?`  
4. We may cite another instance of… 3935cxT1U  
5. History man provides us with the examples of… R)Dh;XA  
6. A number of further facts may be added… JqtOoR  
7. The situation is not unique, it is typical of dozens I have heard. g_?bWm4br  
8. A recent investigation indicate that… Ryn@">sVI  
9. According to the statistics provided … +f,I$&d.V  
10. According to a latest study, it can be predicted… ' wKTWmf?\  
11. There is no sufficient evidence to show that… 'grb@+w(
 
12. All available evidence points to the fact that… Vu,:rPqI  
13. Examples given leads me to conclude that… #-/_J?  
14. It reveals the unquestionable fact that… 9g7Ok9dF  
15. The idea may be proved by facts… 9mEhZ"  
16. All the facts suggest that… RY*yj&?w[  
17. No one can deny the fact that… wV'_{/WM  
18. We may face the undeniable fact that… j2jUrl  
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