独立主格特征
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• 1. 充当句子的状语。 -R{V-
• 2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 *Sh^ J +j
• 3. 名词（代词，形容词，副词，介词）+ 分词 OM{WI27
• 4. With + 名词 （代词） + 分词 (形容词）
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• 例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. 85;b9k&\M
• b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. f{0F|w< gf
• c) he entered the room, with his hands open （holding a rifle). )*c> |7 G
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真题剖析 W-/}q0h
• (1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. xA
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45. A. For B. As C. With D. Because XR!us/U`a
虚拟语气（1） CkswJ:z)sc
虚拟语气（2） 1n\
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• 1. （should）+动词原形 xJ2
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• It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 )!tK[K?5
• It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 2Hum!p:1
• It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 ](F#`zUQ
• 部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 l]<L [Y,E-
• 2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 Bvt@X
would rather +动词过去式 Cye$H9 2
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真题剖析 KsrjdJx, '
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• (1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … hm<}p&!J
47. A. do B. did C. don’t D. didn’t jp'
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• (1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. kM`l
53. A. ordered B. pleaded 4d:{HLX,
C. decided D. demanded 2BCtJ`S`
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非谓语动词 kF7V.m/~o
• 动名词、分词、不定式。 .WQ<jZt>
• 主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) CQ;]J=|<_
• 发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) Xtq{%
• To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 `pd&se'p
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真题剖析 lt$zA%`odc
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• (2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. ``ekR6[ 8c
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60. A. dropped B. to drop C. dropping D.drops 9;%CH b&
主谓一致 (1)
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• 1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 <\zCpkZ'B
How you got there doesn’t concern me.
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Growing vegetables needs constant watering. 27ck dyQx
• 2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 A|} l)!%
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. x( mE<UQN
• 3. 以-s结尾的专有名词（linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等），谓语通常用单数形式。 ^% Q|s#w.
• 4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 \RQ='/H*
Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). 7 1W5.!
主谓一致 (2) ECa$vvK
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• 5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 +D #Z n!P
Everyone knows that you’ve come here. t]1ubt2W
If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) Ta
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• 6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致（as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等） B@Nt`ky0*
He no less than John is interested in literature.
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主谓一致 (3) 0%s|Zbo!>
• 7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) 'Tb0 -1S?
Either my father or my brothers are coming. .BTx&AqU
• 8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 @kngI7=E
Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. o 6j"OZcv
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真题剖析 nR5bs;g k"
• (2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. "2n;3ByR
53. A. none B. few C. any D. some ~] =? b)B
54. A. event B. work C. level D. rate SqB /4P
倒装 GCE!
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一、全部倒装 ]H
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二、部分倒装 ;?6>mh( `
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• 1. “There (Here) +be+主语” t/:w1rw
There stand big buildings in this district. $ >v y(Y
Here on the desk lies a pile of books. C @@$"}%v2
• 2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) (:?&G9k
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In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. @[r ={s \
• 3. 介词短语作状语位于句首 IlHY%8F{
In the middle of the room stood the naughty boy. NM L|"R;
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• 4. 表语位于句首 J~J@ ]5/
Especially remarkable was his flat nose. \RE c8nsLy
Not far from here is a famous university. g3rRhS
• 5. so,nor, neither, no more 位于句首,代表前文 Ex,JB +
She wasn’t angry, and neither was I. UD*+"~
Peter doesn’t like pop music. No more does his brother. a>b8- j=J
• 6. 分词短语位于句首（分词+be +主语） ="lI i$>O
Gone forever were the days that we depended on foreign oil. P3$,ca'
部分倒装 ^gm>!-Gx
• 1. 疑问句 a;&}zcc*
• 2. 否定副词(seldom, rarely, scarcely, hardly, little, never, few, not until, not only) 位于句首（作形容词时例外） TSXTc'
Never did John speak rudely to his parents. nO_!:6o".
• 3. “only+状语”位于句首 "A7<XN<
Only when he comes back can be leave. DyX0 xx ^
• 4. “hardly…when”, “scarcely…when”, “no sooner…than”, “not only…(but also)” 位于句首 Qu}N:P9l?X
No sooner had he got into the classroom than the class began. H XP;0B%4
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• 5. not,no组成的词组位于句首(in no way, under no circumstances, on no account…) k#jm7 +
By no means should you break the rules. N?^_= KE@
At no time should we give in to difficulties. W gZ@N
• 6. 虚拟倒装(had, were, should放到句首) AY@k-4
• 7. “形容词/名词/动词+as/though（尽管,虽然）+be动词” S~|tfJpL
Small though the room is, it can hold more than twenty people. [)i N)$Mv
Search as they would, they could find nothing in the house.
