独立主格特征 d=~- 8]%\
• 1. 充当句子的状语。 'L1=:g.\i
• 2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 "jFRGgd79
• 3. 名词（代词，形容词，副词，介词）+ 分词 X4z6#S 58
• 4. With + 名词 （代词） + 分词 (形容词） d=J$H <
• 例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. g4"0:^ /
• b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. [ h;&r" 1
• c) he entered the room, with his hands open （holding a rifle). zVL" $ )
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真题剖析 Eh{]so
• (1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. NrTK+6 z
45. A. For B. As C. With D. Because ^P|
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虚拟语气（1） vsDR@Y}k
虚拟语气（2） V_.n G;
• 1. （should）+动词原形 D6wg^ 'Q:
• It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 9"%o t=)
• It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 Q
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• It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 'i5 V6yB
• 部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 qwz_.=5E6
• 2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 O
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would rather +动词过去式 <m7T`5+
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真题剖析 Xgs 31#K
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• (1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … 5/m^9@A
47. A. do B. did C. don’t D. didn’t 5m e|dvk
• (1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. a/(IvOy#6
53. A. ordered B. pleaded @
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C. decided D. demanded iTgv8
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非谓语动词 K:i{us`
• 动名词、分词、不定式。 \vU1*:3
• 主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) jZ;dY~fE
• 发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) m3La;%aA0
• To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 @ n-
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真题剖析 #DL( %=:
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• (2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. ,s?7EHtC
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60. A. dropped B. to drop C. dropping D.drops 7H1 ii
主谓一致 (1) 6 +:Tv2
• 1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 &r{.b#7\/A
How you got there doesn’t concern me. /<HE
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Growing vegetables needs constant watering. t5%\`Yo ?
• 2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 T@n-^B !Xq
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. z)Y< @2V*C
• 3. 以-s结尾的专有名词（linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等），谓语通常用单数形式。 )-_NtMr~`!
• 4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 b9ON[qOMN
Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). blwdcdh
主谓一致 (2) hrwQh2sm
• 5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 6,"fH{B d
Everyone knows that you’ve come here. z$3 3NM
If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) y.AF90Q>)
• 6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致（as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等） tylMJ$ 9*.
He no less than John is interested in literature. yZ[H&>
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• 7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) JM5 w`=
Either my father or my brothers are coming. D?w?0b Eu
• 8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 fF208A7U
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Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. .Od.lxz"mp
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真题剖析 1FU(j*~:
• (2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. fX).A`
53. A. none B. few C. any D. some M,Q(7z?#5
54. A. event B. work C. level D. rate &B
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二、部分倒装 K
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• 1. “There (Here) +be+主语” mG2*s ^$
There stand big buildings in this district. smQ<lwA
Here on the desk lies a pile of books. GGcN aW'
• 2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) nZe2bai
In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. ~G.'pyW
• 3. 介词短语作状语位于句首 6m_
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In the middle of the room stood the naughty boy. '+LbFGrO3
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• 4. 表语位于句首 };"-6e/9
Especially remarkable was his flat nose. f
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Not far from here is a famous university. BH"f\oc
• 5. so,nor, neither, no more 位于句首,代表前文 yg
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She wasn’t angry, and neither was I. ^$-ID6
Peter doesn’t like pop music. No more does his brother. c \cPmj@
• 6. 分词短语位于句首（分词+be +主语） : p# 5nYi
Gone forever were the days that we depended on foreign oil. 8D3|} z?
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• 1. 疑问句 Z4 y9d?g%b
• 2. 否定副词(seldom, rarely, scarcely, hardly, little, never, few, not until, not only) 位于句首（作形容词时例外） zf+jQ
Never did John speak rudely to his parents. \
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• 3. “only+状语”位于句首 G`1!SEae
Only when he comes back can be leave. +S/OMkC
• 4. “hardly…when”, “scarcely…when”, “no sooner…than”, “not only…(but also)” 位于句首 )LOV)z|}
No sooner had he got into the classroom than the class began. 'x/pV5[hQ
部分倒装 %DOV)Qc2
• 5. not,no组成的词组位于句首(in no way, under no circumstances, on no account…)
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By no means should you break the rules. BF)
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At no time should we give in to difficulties. n:dnBwY
• 6. 虚拟倒装(had, were, should放到句首) 3`
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• 7. “形容词/名词/动词+as/though（尽管,虽然）+be动词” hB[VU
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Small though the room is, it can hold more than twenty people. \tCxz(vKz
Search as they would, they could find nothing in the house.
