独立主格特征 .'. bokl/
• 1. 充当句子的状语。 (sI`FW_
• 2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 mfF `K2R
• 3. 名词（代词，形容词，副词，介词）+ 分词 +6}CNC9M p
• 4. With + 名词 （代词） + 分词 (形容词） 8GRB6 -.h
• 例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. "',;pGg|K
• b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. $-|$4lr
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• c) he entered the room, with his hands open （holding a rifle).
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真题剖析 f`
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• (1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. l^KCsea
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45. A. For B. As C. With D. Because =}@1Z~
虚拟语气（1） ^7 * 7^<
虚拟语气（2） x%O6/rl
• 1. （should）+动词原形 ,t;US.s([.
• It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 C@[U: \
• It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句
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• It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 *-(o. !#1
• 部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 #_`q bIOAj
• 2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 A lG5n'
would rather +动词过去式 l!KPgR
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真题剖析 hF5T9^8
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• (1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … GD'Z"rhI
47. A. do B. did C. don’t D. didn’t 1c429 &-
• (1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. $duT'G, -
53. A. ordered B. pleaded S("dU`T?
C. decided D. demanded { o 5^nd
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非谓语动词 Y)$%-'=b+
• 动名词、分词、不定式。 _uL [
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• 主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) vF pKkS343
• 发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) cDz b}W*UM
• To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 fH?A.JP=a
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真题剖析 >SL mlK
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• (2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. W,[QK~
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60. A. dropped B. to drop C. dropping D.drops GoAh{=s
主谓一致 (1) b S gbvnJ
• 1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 _x3=i\O,
How you got there doesn’t concern me. d!} oS<6
Growing vegetables needs constant watering. %G,7Ul1f
• 2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 U{bv|vF
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. <?}pCX/O
• 3. 以-s结尾的专有名词（linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等），谓语通常用单数形式。 ;Ss!OFK
• 4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。
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Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). r\F2X J^
主谓一致 (2) _u u&? <h
• 5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 }$L1A
Everyone knows that you’ve come here. Uf ]$I`T#
If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) 3!/J!X3L
• 6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致（as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等） frW\!r{LT
He no less than John is interested in literature. |2 n*Ds'
主谓一致 (3) $'_Q@ZBq
• 7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) p
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Either my father or my brothers are coming. j6~`C
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• 8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 f(eXny@Y
Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. 7-n HPDp'
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真题剖析 2-N7%] h
• (2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. NIQ}+xpC
53. A. none B. few C. any D. some QRKP;aYt
54. A. event B. work C. level D. rate E'D16Rhp
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一、全部倒装 cZF|oZ6<
二、部分倒装 S^|`*%pq
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全部倒装 l<4P">M!.
• 1. “There (Here) +be+主语” MaD| X_g
There stand big buildings in this district. {d xl8~/I
Here on the desk lies a pile of books. ml^=y~J[
• 2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) Sw; kUJ
In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. I ~YV&12
• 3. 介词短语作状语位于句首 M=ag\1S&ZF
In the middle of the room stood the naughty boy. 8d8jU PFQ
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全部倒装 J! 6w9,T_
• 4. 表语位于句首 *,:2O&P
Especially remarkable was his flat nose. fibudkg'>
Not far from here is a famous university. Bfo#N31F }
• 5. so,nor, neither, no more 位于句首,代表前文 5bXpj86mY
She wasn’t angry, and neither was I. B<-("P(q
Peter doesn’t like pop music. No more does his brother. 1i .3P$F
• 6. 分词短语位于句首（分词+be +主语） sKKc_H3YSH
Gone forever were the days that we depended on foreign oil. ._A4 :
部分倒装 =L1%gQJJ&
• 1. 疑问句 4Hb"yp$
• 2. 否定副词(seldom, rarely, scarcely, hardly, little, never, few, not until, not only) 位于句首（作形容词时例外） [PiMu,O[v
Never did John speak rudely to his parents. m*jE\+)=^
• 3. “only+状语”位于句首 TNN@G~@cm
Only when he comes back can be leave. ZlE=P4`X:
• 4. “hardly…when”, “scarcely…when”, “no sooner…than”, “not only…(but also)” 位于句首 o+ {i26%
No sooner had he got into the classroom than the class began. qB K68B)
部分倒装 KVEc:<|x
• 5. not,no组成的词组位于句首(in no way, under no circumstances, on no account…) mAW(j@5sp
By no means should you break the rules. NRP) 'E
At no time should we give in to difficulties. tP2.D:( R
• 6. 虚拟倒装(had, were, should放到句首) L[Y$ `e{zd
• 7. “形容词/名词/动词+as/though（尽管,虽然）+be动词” {c]dz7'?
Small though the room is, it can hold more than twenty people. Q h Rj*,
Search as they would, they could find nothing in the house.
