语法重点总结

独立主格特征 ~\SGb_2  
•    1. 充当句子的状语。 X #dmo/L8  
•    2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 fm%t^)E  
•    3. 名词（代词，形容词，副词，介词）+ 分词 Xq4 O@V  
•    4. With + 名词 （代词） + 分词 (形容词） 4KAZ ':  
•    例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. LP^$AAy  
•         b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. f5"k55}  
•         c) he entered the room, with his hands open （holding a rifle). %`r$g[<G  
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真题剖析 m@j?za9s  
•    (1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are   46   of the material which would 47 feed them. ssA`I<p#  
45. A. For B. As   C. With    D. Because atH*5X6d  
虚拟语气（1） 2|y"!JqE1  
虚拟语气（2） u#fM_>ML  
•    1. （should）+动词原形 P5V}#;v  
•    It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 ,t744k')  
•    It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 0o4XUW   
•    It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 m~ABC#,2  
•    部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 j_[tu!~  
•    2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 z9Mfd#5?>P  
    would rather +动词过去式 FGJ1dBLr  
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真题剖析 ~/U1xk%  
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•    (1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … 2.y-48Nz  
  47. A. do   B. did   C. don’t   D. didn’t QL/(72K  
•    (1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they   53 that the professor be sent home. U>SShpmZA  
53. A. ordered     B. pleaded ,THw"bm  
    C. decided     D. demanded =%O6:YM   
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非谓语动词 Lb-OsKU  
•    动名词、分词、不定式。 G4;Oi=  
•    主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) Qel9G($=  
•    发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) `(;m?<%  
•    To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 2pCaX\t  
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真题剖析 ]/6z; ~3U  
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•    (2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. wHLLu~m\  
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60. A. dropped B. to drop C. dropping D.drops r5/0u(\LB  
主谓一致 (1) 0mVNQxHI  
•    1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 h fTY.  
  How you got there doesn’t concern me. , `Z1m o>n  
  Growing vegetables needs constant watering. (CL%>5V  
•    2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 UkC!1Jy  
  Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on.   dT8S~-d%  
•    3. 以-s结尾的专有名词（linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等），谓语通常用单数形式。 j $:~Rek  
•    4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 w9imKVry  
  Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). eByz-,{P  
主谓一致 (2) _VN?#J)o  
•    5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 B9 uoVcW  
  Everyone knows that you’ve come here. ]m<$}  
  If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back.   (--thing 的情况例外) 6 gE7e|+  
•    6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致（as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等） BU_nh+dF  
  He no less than John is interested in literature. tNI^@xdim1  
主谓一致 (3) cI*;k.KU  
•    7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) j^JPZ{ej?  
  Either my father or my brothers are coming.   n84|{l581  
•    8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 4VSU8tK|N]  
  Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. AkV#J, 3LC  
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真题剖析 F4
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•    (2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. NLqzi%s  
  53. A. none   B. few   C. any   D. some CdQ!GS<'y  
  54. A. event B. work C. level D. rate 3p
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倒装 ~?BXti<!  
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一、全部倒装 .q>iXE_c  
二、部分倒装 :o3N;*o>)0  
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全部倒装 1+s;FJ2}  
•    1. “There (Here) +be+主语” k,*XG$2h  
There stand big buildings in this district. Zy/_ E@C}u  
Here on the desk lies a pile of books. ZECfR>`x  
•    2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) <5051UEu  
  In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. })%{AfDRF  
•    3. 介词短语作状语位于句首 upmx $H>  
  In the middle of the room stood the naughty boy. z{QqY.Gu{G  
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全部倒装 [ /r(__.  
•    4. 表语位于句首 Pm7}"D'/  
Especially remarkable was his flat nose. @0''k  
Not far from here is a famous university. 8s@3hXD&
 
•    5. so,nor, neither, no more 位于句首,代表前文 !N^@4*  
She wasn’t angry, and neither was I. ~} ~4  
Peter doesn’t like pop music. No more does his brother. %cn<ych G  
•    6. 分词短语位于句首（分词+be +主语） DE
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Gone forever were the days that we depended on foreign oil. ;_=&-mz  
部分倒装 Mtx4'WZ  
•    1. 疑问句 X?Q4}Y  
•    2. 否定副词(seldom, rarely, scarcely, hardly, little, never, few, not until, not only) 位于句首（作形容词时例外） pxi3PY?  
  Never did John speak rudely to his parents. sLk-x\P]|  
•    3. “only+状语”位于句首 er\|i. Y  
  Only when he comes back can be leave. lB4WKn=?Kl  
•    4. “hardly…when”, “scarcely…when”, “no sooner…than”, “not only…(but also)” 位于句首  Z\sDUJ  
No sooner had he got into the classroom than the class began. zt%Mx>V@  
部分倒装 rJB}qYD  
•    5. not,no组成的词组位于句首(in no way, under no circumstances, on no account…) =_^X3z0  
  By no means should you break the rules. Ny#^&-K  
  At no time should we give in to difficulties. '3;b@g,  
•    6. 虚拟倒装(had, were, should放到句首)    \=o-  
•    7. “形容词/名词/动词+as/though（尽管,虽然）+be动词” ^.y\(=  
  Small though the room is, it can hold more than twenty people. ?JUe uNs9  
  Search as they would, they could find nothing in the house.

谢谢,很需要