独立主格特征 W1O m$S1
• 1. 充当句子的状语。 QFEc?sEe
• 2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 x
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• 3. 名词（代词，形容词，副词，介词）+ 分词 7L!q{%}
• 4. With + 名词 （代词） + 分词 (形容词） 46c0;E\9
• 例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. w{Y:p[}
• b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. X""}]@B 9z
• c) he entered the room, with his hands open （holding a rifle). bw[K^/
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真题剖析 Dn;$4Dak(
• (1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. |JC n=v@
45. A. For B. As C. With D. Because T- lHlm
虚拟语气（1） t$*CyYb{@
虚拟语气（2） /909ED+)>9
• 1. （should）+动词原形 TfFH!1^+
• It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 $C6O<A
• It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 T@DT|lTI
• It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 &0euNHH;sL
• 部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 J<7nOB}OD
• 2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 eHI7= [h
would rather +动词过去式 WR4 \dsgCU
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真题剖析 8'Bik
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• (1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … 7_Acvsd W
47. A. do B. did C. don’t D. didn’t 8E\6RjM
• (1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. z
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C. decided D. demanded Q
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非谓语动词 `$ N AK
• 动名词、分词、不定式。 EX^j^# N
• 主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) hKYA 5]
• 发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) MzO4Yv" A
• To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 Ym "Nj
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真题剖析 c_^-`7
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• (2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. jB!Q8#&Q
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60. A. dropped B. to drop C. dropping D.drops F82_#|kpS
主谓一致 (1) Iz<}>J B
• 1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 U[UjL)U
How you got there doesn’t concern me. 8P'zQ:#RV
Growing vegetables needs constant watering. S MdQ,n1]
• 2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 {qHf%y&[
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. REvY`
• 3. 以-s结尾的专有名词（linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等），谓语通常用单数形式。 HO(9 )sK
• 4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 8}kY^"*&X
Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). A<zSh }eh6
主谓一致 (2) EJrn4QOs
• 5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 ?lYi![.o
Everyone knows that you’ve come here. c`(] j
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If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) '8 ~E
• 6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致（as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等） L-lDvc?5c
He no less than John is interested in literature. OJ L?[<I
主谓一致 (3) > ^b6\
• 7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) x xh(VQdg
Either my father or my brothers are coming. jHj*S9: `
• 8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 \y9 ( b
Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. +8 avA:o
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真题剖析 d& x1uso%L
• (2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. /pvR-Id|6
53. A. none B. few C. any D. some 1} {bHj
54. A. event B. work C. level D. rate }-:
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一、全部倒装 AK/_^?zA s
二、部分倒装 NX^%a1D!
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全部倒装 FL+^r6DQ
• 1. “There (Here) +be+主语” fT-yY`
There stand big buildings in this district. G9.+N~GZ.
Here on the desk lies a pile of books. M4r OnIJ
• 2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) \Ze"Hv
In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. 5 fK#*(x
• 3. 介词短语作状语位于句首 z}vgp\cuT
In the middle of the room stood the naughty boy. T/#$44ub
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• 4. 表语位于句首 xeqAFq=9?
Especially remarkable was his flat nose. Nj
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Not far from here is a famous university. sEj?,1jk
• 5. so,nor, neither, no more 位于句首,代表前文 Yl[G O}M
She wasn’t angry, and neither was I. Z[Gs/D
Peter doesn’t like pop music. No more does his brother. .` z](s
• 6. 分词短语位于句首（分词+be +主语） F2yc&mXyk
Gone forever were the days that we depended on foreign oil. >y%*HC!G
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• 1. 疑问句 %UuV^C
• 2. 否定副词(seldom, rarely, scarcely, hardly, little, never, few, not until, not only) 位于句首（作形容词时例外） "oX @Z^
Never did John speak rudely to his parents. x4jn45]x@
• 3. “only+状语”位于句首
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Only when he comes back can be leave. q(0V#kKC
• 4. “hardly…when”, “scarcely…when”, “no sooner…than”, “not only…(but also)” 位于句首 L Of0_g/
No sooner had he got into the classroom than the class began. xWX1P%`
部分倒装 ZzA4iT=KO
• 5. not,no组成的词组位于句首(in no way, under no circumstances, on no account…) 0*S2_&Q)
By no means should you break the rules. R9X* R3n
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At no time should we give in to difficulties. &D, gKT
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• 6. 虚拟倒装(had, were, should放到句首) 9s\;,!b
• 7. “形容词/名词/动词+as/though（尽管,虽然）+be动词” Fw!CssW
Small though the room is, it can hold more than twenty people. qrBo
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Search as they would, they could find nothing in the house.
