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1.定义 qg'm<[
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让步状语从句(Adverbial Clause of Concession),属于状语从句中的一种。一般翻译为“尽管……”或“即使……”等,就是我们日常生活中用的“退一步说…”的感觉。 |"ck;.)
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二、分类 /.}&yRR
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让步状语从句的引导词主要有: fPspJug
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① though/although,表示“虽然,即使,纵然”。 二者都可与yet, still或never, the less连用,但不能与but连用。 (?~F}u
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² although语气较重,大多位于句首 o6svSS
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例如:Although I was only six, I can remember seeing it on TV. agt7b@-5=
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虽然当时我只有6岁,我还能记得在电视上看见过它。 <m9IZIY<
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² though引导的让步状语从句可以把表语,状语,动词等提至句首。 Dx iCq(;
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例如:Boy though he is, he likes to play with girls. ^
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他虽是个男孩,却喜欢和女孩玩。 ~!Onz wmO
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② even if/even though,表示的语气更强,意为“再退一步说”
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² even if强调对“假设”的让步,不能用来描述已经发生的事实;even though更强调对“既成事实”的让步。 A2F+$N
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例如:We’ll make a trip even if the weather is bad. !%]]lxi
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即使天气不好,我们也要去旅行。 (even if引导让步状语从句,对“假设”让步) YdIV_&-W
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We made a trip even though the weather was bad. TQYud'u/
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尽管天气不好,我们还是作了一次旅行。(even though引导让步状语从句,强调对“既成事实”的让步) aRg-
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③ as表示“虽然……但是……”,“纵然……” 42
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² as引导的让步状语从句必须以部分倒装的形式出现,具体变法是把从句中作状语或者表语的“名词/动词/形容词/副词/动词(分词)”提到句首,形成倒装结构。 1rT}mm/e;
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例如:King as he is, he is unhappy. d;H1B/
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尽管他是国王,但他并不快乐。(名词+as+主语+动词) Kl\A&O*{
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Successful as she is, she is not proud. ?Tt/,Hl?D
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尽管她很成功,但她并不骄傲。(动词+as+主语+动词) <fWho%eOK
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Much as I would like to stay, I really must go home. +#,t
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尽管我想留下来,但我确实必须回家。(副词+as+主语+动词) jZe]zdml
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④ whether...or.../ whether...or not表示“不论是否……”“不管是……还是……” ;m@>v?zE
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例如:You've got to go to school, whether you like it or not. a(BWV?A
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不管你喜欢不喜欢,你得上学。 |`E\$|\p
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You will have to attend the ceremony whether you are free or busy. ~u/Enl7\-
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不管你有空还是忙,你都得参加这个典礼。 mzfj!0zR*
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⑤ while表示“尽管”,语气比although/though弱,通常位于句首 oC>^V5
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² while引导让步状语时,如果从句的主语和主句的主语相同,那么从句的主语和谓语动词be可以省略 nke
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例如:While he was feel uncomfortable, he still persevered. \ bd?
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=While feel uncomfortable, he still persevered. CYes'lr
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虽然他感到不舒服,但他还是坚持下来了。 '~<D[](/F
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⑥ wh-ever类词/no matter+wh-词,表示“无论怎样” q#c\
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² wh-ever类词引导让步状语从句时可以换成no matter+wh-词,但是引导名词性从句时只能用wh-ever类词 ERCW5b[RT
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例如:Whatever you did,I will accept. .
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= No matter what you did,I will accept. o%RyE]pw,
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不管你做了什么,我都接受。 Z_ak4C
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2.考博真题 5ju\!Re3X
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[No matter what you buy, shoes, pants, or big-ticket items such as JV and VCR], [if you find some problems with them or simply do not like them any longer], you can return them within 30days.(安徽大学2015年阅读) yAW%y
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这是一个主从复合句。 diaLw
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主句:you can return them within 30days eYOwdTrq
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【译文】您可以在30天内退货 bd5\Rt
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分句一:No matter what you buy, shoes, pants, or big-ticket items such as JV and VCR @aAB#,
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类型:让步状语从句;引导词:No matter what Y[R veF
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【译文】无论你买什么,鞋子,裤子,或者像JV和VCR这样的大件物品
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分句二:if you find some problems with them or simply do not like them any longer @n"7L2wY
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类型:条件状语从句;引导词:if 7jL+c~
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【译文】如果你发现它们有些问题,或者根本不喜欢它们了 r'/&{?Je/
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其他修饰成分:shoes, pants, or big-ticket items such as JV and VCR作插入语。 n("Xa#mY[
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【全句译文】:无论你买什么,鞋子,裤子,或者像JV和VCR这样的大件物品,如果你发现它们有问题或者只是不再喜欢它们,你可以在30天内退货。 b+Sq[
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[While more recent theories on the matter suggest (that there is more overlap among these stages) and (that different environments affect children’s progress)], Piaget’s theory was nonetheless extremely important to initial studies of cognitive development.(云南大学2012年翻译) !IF]P#
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这是一个主从复合句。 K)b@,/ 5
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原句中的各个子句,子句类型以及连接词如下: IU
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主句:Piaget’s theory was nonetheless extremely important to initial studies of cognitive development. la4
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【译文】尽管如此,皮亚杰的理论对认知发展的初步研究还是极其重要的。 X* 4C?v
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分句一:While more recent theories on the matter suggest… E' -lpE
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类型:让步状语从句;引导词:while ncGt
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【译文】而最近更多关于这个问题的理论表明……
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分句二:that there is more overlap among these stages k3(q!~a:.}
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类型:宾语从句;引导词:that !;3hN$5
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【译文】这些阶段有更多的重叠 ~nJ"#Q_T
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分句三:that different environments affect children’s progress >sjvE4s
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类型:宾语从句;引导词:that BOflhoUX
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【译文】不同的环境会影响儿童的进步 \G0YLV~>P
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【全句译文】:尽管在这个问题上最近的一些理论表明,这些阶段之间有更多的重叠,而且不同的环境会影响儿童的进步,但是皮亚杰的理论对于认知发展的最初研究还是极其重要的。 z"nMR_TTu
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[Although this time amounts to more than 10 percent of Earth’s history], little is known about it, [since few rocks are known (that are older than 3.8 billion years old)].(武汉大学2017年阅读) w~C\
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这是一个主从复合句。 5dX /<
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原句中的各个子句,子句类型以及连接词如下: An_3DrUFV_
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主句:little is known about it ZkWMo=vL
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【译文】人们对它知之甚少 l_s#7 .9$
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分句一:Although this time amounts to more than 10 percent of Earth’s history {
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类型:让步状语从句;引导词:although baBPf{<
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【译文】尽管这段时间相当于地球历史的10%以上 Z`f?7/"B
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分句二:since few rocks are known… aeVd.`lxM
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类型:原因状语从句;引导词:since DxD\o+:r
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分句三:that are older than 3.8 billion years old RD0*]4>]
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类型:定语从句;引导词:that r"
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【全句译文】:虽然这段时间占了地球历史的10%以上,但我们对它所知甚少,因为我们只知道很少有岩石年龄超过38亿岁。 ?&!!(dWFH