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1.定义 u_=>r_J[b
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让步状语从句(Adverbial Clause of Concession),属于状语从句中的一种。一般翻译为“尽管……”或“即使……”等,就是我们日常生活中用的“退一步说…”的感觉。 YZ0Q?7l7
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二、分类 L{1PCs36c
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让步状语从句的引导词主要有: 0bIhP,4&
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① though/although,表示“虽然,即使,纵然”。 二者都可与yet, still或never, the less连用,但不能与but连用。 /vPcg
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² although语气较重,大多位于句首 gM#]o QOGE
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例如:Although I was only six, I can remember seeing it on TV. >^KO5N-:4
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虽然当时我只有6岁,我还能记得在电视上看见过它。 *1b)Va8v*
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² though引导的让步状语从句可以把表语,状语,动词等提至句首。 Y]{~ogsn$:
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例如:Boy though he is, he likes to play with girls. -]~vEfq+T
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他虽是个男孩,却喜欢和女孩玩。 rXu^]CK
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② even if/even though,表示的语气更强,意为“再退一步说” 2i_k$
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² even if强调对“假设”的让步,不能用来描述已经发生的事实;even though更强调对“既成事实”的让步。 wLz@u$u?
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例如:We’ll make a trip even if the weather is bad. xRM)f93@
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即使天气不好,我们也要去旅行。 (even if引导让步状语从句,对“假设”让步) i@p0Jnh|
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We made a trip even though the weather was bad. B)}.%G*
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尽管天气不好,我们还是作了一次旅行。(even though引导让步状语从句,强调对“既成事实”的让步) 6<h
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③ as表示“虽然……但是……”,“纵然……” VuWBWb?0Q
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² as引导的让步状语从句必须以部分倒装的形式出现,具体变法是把从句中作状语或者表语的“名词/动词/形容词/副词/动词(分词)”提到句首,形成倒装结构。 p,K]`pt=
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例如:King as he is, he is unhappy. $\A=J
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尽管他是国王,但他并不快乐。(名词+as+主语+动词) nkAS]sC
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Successful as she is, she is not proud. AkE(I16Uy~
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尽管她很成功,但她并不骄傲。(动词+as+主语+动词) Z]\VOA>
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Much as I would like to stay, I really must go home. '`nf7b(
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尽管我想留下来,但我确实必须回家。(副词+as+主语+动词) D(&XmC[\Y
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④ whether...or.../ whether...or not表示“不论是否……”“不管是……还是……” fDD^?/^
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例如:You've got to go to school, whether you like it or not. * ,#SwZ
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不管你喜欢不喜欢,你得上学。 Zv&<r+<g
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You will have to attend the ceremony whether you are free or busy. oj%(@6L
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不管你有空还是忙,你都得参加这个典礼。 U]}f]GK
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⑤ while表示“尽管”,语气比although/though弱,通常位于句首 #Pr
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² while引导让步状语时,如果从句的主语和主句的主语相同,那么从句的主语和谓语动词be可以省略 kxWcWl8
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例如:While he was feel uncomfortable, he still persevered. RcpKv;= iB
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=While feel uncomfortable, he still persevered. :F`"CR^,
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虽然他感到不舒服,但他还是坚持下来了。 RGe2N|
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⑥ wh-ever类词/no matter+wh-词,表示“无论怎样” 9^g?/8
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² wh-ever类词引导让步状语从句时可以换成no matter+wh-词,但是引导名词性从句时只能用wh-ever类词 0 HPqoen$
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例如:Whatever you did,I will accept. 'mYUAVmSC#
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= No matter what you did,I will accept. d7P'c!@+
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不管你做了什么,我都接受。 pSdtAv
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2.考博真题 QC<O=<$Q[
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[No matter what you buy, shoes, pants, or big-ticket items such as JV and VCR], [if you find some problems with them or simply do not like them any longer], you can return them within 30days.(安徽大学2015年阅读) T;sF@?
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这是一个主从复合句。 X86r`}
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原句中的各个子句,子句类型以及连接词如下: |* B9{/;4
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主句:you can return them within 30days $fAZ^
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【译文】您可以在30天内退货 Oid;s!-S 6
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分句一:No matter what you buy, shoes, pants, or big-ticket items such as JV and VCR ;N^4R$Q.
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类型:让步状语从句;引导词:No matter what o!zo%#0;#)
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【译文】无论你买什么,鞋子,裤子,或者像JV和VCR这样的大件物品 glZjo
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分句二:if you find some problems with them or simply do not like them any longer a0PClbf2.
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类型:条件状语从句;引导词:if rTzXRMv@o
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【译文】如果你发现它们有些问题,或者根本不喜欢它们了 H,;9' *84
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其他修饰成分:shoes, pants, or big-ticket items such as JV and VCR作插入语。 \Wb3JQ)
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【全句译文】:无论你买什么,鞋子,裤子,或者像JV和VCR这样的大件物品,如果你发现它们有问题或者只是不再喜欢它们,你可以在30天内退货。 9^@#Ua
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[While more recent theories on the matter suggest (that there is more overlap among these stages) and (that different environments affect children’s progress)], Piaget’s theory was nonetheless extremely important to initial studies of cognitive development.(云南大学2012年翻译) */j[n$K>~`
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这是一个主从复合句。 m'U>=<!D
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原句中的各个子句,子句类型以及连接词如下: 7*@BCu6
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主句:Piaget’s theory was nonetheless extremely important to initial studies of cognitive development. \'+P5,
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【译文】尽管如此,皮亚杰的理论对认知发展的初步研究还是极其重要的。 R?8/qGSVqJ
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分句一:While more recent theories on the matter suggest… ,Ofou8C6
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类型:让步状语从句;引导词:while Im@Yx^gc
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【译文】而最近更多关于这个问题的理论表明…… R?}<CjI
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分句二:that there is more overlap among these stages |L~RC
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类型:宾语从句;引导词:that <ugy-vSv
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【译文】这些阶段有更多的重叠 xcQ
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分句三:that different environments affect children’s progress `,
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类型:宾语从句;引导词:that gU@BEn}
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【译文】不同的环境会影响儿童的进步 sF p% T4j
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【全句译文】:尽管在这个问题上最近的一些理论表明,这些阶段之间有更多的重叠,而且不同的环境会影响儿童的进步,但是皮亚杰的理论对于认知发展的最初研究还是极其重要的。 W.TdhJW9
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[Although this time amounts to more than 10 percent of Earth’s history], little is known about it, [since few rocks are known (that are older than 3.8 billion years old)].(武汉大学2017年阅读) oVeC@[U
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这是一个主从复合句。 4i(?5p>f
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原句中的各个子句,子句类型以及连接词如下: I'%ASZ
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主句:little is known about it &