2008中科院英语翻译全文 <O(4TO
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One of the most difficult situations that a researcher aj-Km`5r}
can encounter is to see or suspect that a colleague has f$o_e90mu
violated the ethical standards of the research 3<e=g)F
community. It is easy to find excuses to do nothing, but k90 Y
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someone who has witnessed misconduct has an unmistakable XnH05LQ
obligation to act. At the most immediate level, *[Imn\hu
misconduct can seriously obstruct or damage one's own RF?`vRZ Oe
research or the research of colleagues. More broadly, s-NX o
even a single case of misconduct can malign scientists T )&A2q
and their institutions, result in the imposition of cRC6 s8
counterproductive regulations, and shake public d UD[e, ?
confidence in the integrity of science. 8$] 1M,$r
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To be sure, raising a concern about unethical conduct is w$>u b@=
rarely an easy thing to do. In some cases, anonymity is B5`EoZ
possible-but not always. Reprisals by the accused person &L3M]
and by skeptical colleagues have occurred in the past #j;^\rSv-
and have had serious consequences. Any allegation of g/4[N{Xf
misconduct is a very important charge that needs to be ?C]vS_jAh
taken seriously. If mishandled, an allegation can g%o(+
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gravely damage the person charged, the one who makes the }ZYd4h|g\z
charge, the institutions involved, and science in A]*}HZ ,
general. )w em|
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Someone who is confronting a problem involving research K&u _R
ethics usually has more options than are immediately `Uq#W+r,
apparent. In most cases the best thing to do is to
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discuss the situation with a trusted friend or advisor. U JUEYG
In universities, faculty advisors, department chairs, #- rH1h3*q
and other senior faculty can be invaluable sources of XoK: N$\}t
advice in deciding whether to go forward with a ?PL
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complaint. I]|Pq
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An important consideration is deciding when to put a SZ7:u895E
complaint in writing. Once in writing, universities are Xc ++b|k
obligated to deal with a complaint in a more formal T}Tp$.gB
manner than if it is made verbally. Putting a complaint E#RDqL*J
in writing can have serious consequences for the career h#I>M`|
of a scientist and should be undertaken only after xh-o }8*n"
thorough consideration. /A\8 mL8
The National Science Foundation and Public Health t3 WiomNCc
Service require all research institutions that receive TvoyZW\?w
public funds to have procedures in place to deal with Vsr.=N d=
allegations of unethical practice. These procedures take bG"~"ipn%
into account fairness for the accused, protection for _rMg}F"
the accuser, coordination with funding agencies, and s FKX-S~:
requirements for confidentiality and disclosure. Cl .x 'v
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In addition, many universities and other research YR
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institutions have designated an ombudsman, ethics ";lVa'HMZ
officer, or other official who is available to discuss &, vcJ{.
situations involving research ethics. Such discussions u]wZQl#-
are carried out in strictest confidence whenever Eh`7X=Z 7E
possible. Some institutions provide for multiple entry m,28u3@r
points, so that complainants can go to a person with Y|m +d
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whom they feel comfortable. lgAoJ[
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1、广义地说，即使是一个不轨行为，也能中伤科学家和他们的单位，导致不利于科研出成果的法规的实行，并动摇公众对科学诚实性的信心。 P{`C^W$J^
2、如果处理不当，一个举报能严重伤害被控告者、指控者、有关单位、乃至整个科学。 2 34p9A@
3、在大多数情况下，最好的方法是与一个值得信任的朋友或导师讨论此事。在大学里，指导老师、系主任和其他高级教师，在决定是否提出投诉时，能提供宝贵的意见 Xq4
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4、书面投诉对科学家的职业生涯会产生严重后果，只有完全考虑清楚后才能进行。 4KAZ ':
5、这些措施涉及公平对待被告、保护投诉人、与基金管理机构协调、并根据要求保密及公开。
