2008中科院英语翻译全文 t M A
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One of the most difficult situations that a researcher \Cx3^
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can encounter is to see or suspect that a colleague has G=yQYsC$
violated the ethical standards of the research @H7dQ, %
community. It is easy to find excuses to do nothing, but 4~Lw:o1a
someone who has witnessed misconduct has an unmistakable b-~` A;pr
obligation to act. At the most immediate level, r8Gq\ ^
misconduct can seriously obstruct or damage one's own 1<bSH n9
research or the research of colleagues. More broadly, MzJ5_}
even a single case of misconduct can malign scientists ^+,mxV'8!
and their institutions, result in the imposition of H(?z?2b p
counterproductive regulations, and shake public He j0l^
confidence in the integrity of science. IXd&$h]Lq
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To be sure, raising a concern about unethical conduct is }=XL^a|V
rarely an easy thing to do. In some cases, anonymity is (qohb0
possible-but not always. Reprisals by the accused person b3Y9
and by skeptical colleagues have occurred in the past 0{A VH/S
and have had serious consequences. Any allegation of .bL{fBTT~
misconduct is a very important charge that needs to be U%w-/!p
taken seriously. If mishandled, an allegation can I&>R]DV
gravely damage the person charged, the one who makes the dzbzZ@y
charge, the institutions involved, and science in .HGE dd cC
general. $9Z8P_^.0(
Someone who is confronting a problem involving research )O2^?Q quS
ethics usually has more options than are immediately ?bN8h)>QQ8
apparent. In most cases the best thing to do is to m[Zz(tL
discuss the situation with a trusted friend or advisor. = @ph
In universities, faculty advisors, department chairs, <V>vDno\
and other senior faculty can be invaluable sources of A!iV iX &y
advice in deciding whether to go forward with a K
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complaint. /!7m@P|&D
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An important consideration is deciding when to put a LZ\}Kgi(!T
complaint in writing. Once in writing, universities are T(3"bS.,
obligated to deal with a complaint in a more formal A "S})
manner than if it is made verbally. Putting a complaint )( 75dUl
in writing can have serious consequences for the career `n5|4yaG~
of a scientist and should be undertaken only after w6#hsRq[C
thorough consideration. ^>k [T.
The National Science Foundation and Public Health W W==
Service require all research institutions that receive t0}3QGf;c
public funds to have procedures in place to deal with .
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allegations of unethical practice. These procedures take c9f~^}jNb
into account fairness for the accused, protection for +J+]P\:
the accuser, coordination with funding agencies, and X$%RJ3t e
requirements for confidentiality and disclosure. ?~u"w OH'
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In addition, many universities and other research >Q t#6X|
institutions have designated an ombudsman, ethics 6 !b9 6bV
officer, or other official who is available to discuss \ zgRz O'N
situations involving research ethics. Such discussions xN2{Vi{ad
are carried out in strictest confidence whenever ~?[@KK
possible. Some institutions provide for multiple entry E: XzX Fxx
points, so that complainants can go to a person with s u
