2008中科院英语翻译全文 <O(4TO
sf:,qD=z
One of the most difficult situations that a researcher aj-Km`5r}
can encounter is to see or suspect that a colleague has f$o_e90mu
violated the ethical standards of the research 3<e=g)F
community. It is easy to find excuses to do nothing, but k90Y
V(
someone who has witnessed misconduct has an unmistakable XnH05LQ
obligation to act. At the most immediate level, *[Imn\hu
misconduct can seriously obstruct or damage one's own RF?`vRZOe
research or the research of colleagues. More broadly, s-NX o
even a single case of misconduct can malign scientists T )&A2q
and their institutions, result in the imposition of cRC6 s8
counterproductive regulations, and shake public dUD[e,?
confidence in the integrity of science. 8$]1M,$r
[DYQ"A=)d
To be sure, raising a concern about unethical conduct is w$>u b@=
rarely an easy thing to do. In some cases, anonymity is B5`EoZ
possible-but not always. Reprisals by the accused person &L3M]
and by skeptical colleagues have occurred in the past #j;^\rSv-
and have had serious consequences. Any allegation of g/4[N{Xf
misconduct is a very important charge that needs to be ?C]vS_jAh
taken seriously. If mishandled, an allegation can g%o(+
d
gravely damage the person charged, the one who makes the }ZYd4h|g\z
charge, the institutions involved, and science in A]*}HZ,
general. )w em|
:H
Someone who is confronting a problem involving research K&u_R
ethics usually has more options than are immediately `Uq#W+r,
apparent. In most cases the best thing to do is to
O}gV`q;
discuss the situation with a trusted friend or advisor. UJUEYG
In universities, faculty advisors, department chairs, #-rH1h3*q
and other senior faculty can be invaluable sources of XoK:N$\}t
advice in deciding whether to go forward with a ?PL
Pf>e
complaint. I]|Pq
3l]lwV
An important consideration is deciding when to put a SZ7:u895E
complaint in writing. Once in writing, universities are Xc++b|k
obligated to deal with a complaint in a more formal T}Tp$.gB
manner than if it is made verbally. Putting a complaint E#RDqL*J
in writing can have serious consequences for the career h#I>M`|
of a scientist and should be undertaken only after xh-o}8*n"
thorough consideration. /A\8 mL8
The National Science Foundation and Public Health t3WiomNCc
Service require all research institutions that receive TvoyZW\?w
public funds to have procedures in place to deal with Vsr.=Nd=
allegations of unethical practice. These procedures take bG"~"ipn%
into account fairness for the accused, protection for _rMg}F"
the accuser, coordination with funding agencies, and sFKX-S~:
requirements for confidentiality and disclosure. Cl.x'v
';Ea?ID
In addition, many universities and other research YR
k(u7:0
institutions have designated an ombudsman, ethics ";lVa'HMZ
officer, or other official who is available to discuss &,vcJ{.
situations involving research ethics. Such discussions u]wZQl#-
are carried out in strictest confidence whenever Eh`7X=Z7E
possible. Some institutions provide for multiple entry m,28u3@r
points, so that complainants can go to a person with Y|m+d
T6
whom they feel comfortable. lgAoJ[
h
f)?1z4
*"2+B&Y
1、广义地说,即使是一个不轨行为,也能中伤科学家和他们的单位,导致不利于科研出成果的法规的实行,并动摇公众对科学诚实性的信心。 P{`C^W$J^
2、如果处理不当,一个举报能严重伤害被控告者、指控者、有关单位、乃至整个科学。 234p9A@
3、在大多数情况下,最好的方法是与一个值得信任的朋友或导师讨论此事。在大学里,指导老师、系主任和其他高级教师,在决定是否提出投诉时,能提供宝贵的意见 Xq4
O@V
4、书面投诉对科学家的职业生涯会产生严重后果,只有完全考虑清楚后才能进行。 4KAZ ':
5、这些措施涉及公平对待被告、保护投诉人、与基金管理机构协调、并根据要求保密及公开。