2008中科院英语翻译全文 t M A
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One of the most difficult situations that a researcher \Cx3^
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can encounter is to see or suspect that a colleague has G=yQYsC$
violated the ethical standards of the research @H7dQ,%
community. It is easy to find excuses to do nothing, but 4~Lw:o1a
someone who has witnessed misconduct has an unmistakable b-~`A;pr
obligation to act. At the most immediate level, r8Gq\ ^
misconduct can seriously obstruct or damage one's own 1<bSH n9
research or the research of colleagues. More broadly, MzJ5_}
even a single case of misconduct can malign scientists ^+,mxV'8!
and their institutions, result in the imposition of H(?z?2b p
counterproductive regulations, and shake public Hej0l^
confidence in the integrity of science. IXd&$h]Lq
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To be sure, raising a concern about unethical conduct is }=XL^a|V
rarely an easy thing to do. In some cases, anonymity is (qohb0
possible-but not always. Reprisals by the accused person b3Y9
and by skeptical colleagues have occurred in the past 0{A VH/S
and have had serious consequences. Any allegation of .bL{fBTT~
misconduct is a very important charge that needs to be U%w-/!p
taken seriously. If mishandled, an allegation can I&>R]DV
gravely damage the person charged, the one who makes the dzbzZ@y
charge, the institutions involved, and science in .HGEddcC
general. $9Z8P_^.0(
Someone who is confronting a problem involving research )O2^?Q quS
ethics usually has more options than are immediately ?bN8h)>QQ8
apparent. In most cases the best thing to do is to m[Zz(tL
discuss the situation with a trusted friend or advisor. = @ph
In universities, faculty advisors, department chairs, <V>vDno\
and other senior faculty can be invaluable sources of A!iV iX &y
advice in deciding whether to go forward with a K
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complaint. /!7m@P|&D
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An important consideration is deciding when to put a LZ\}Kgi(!T
complaint in writing. Once in writing, universities are T(3"bS.,
obligated to deal with a complaint in a more formal A"S})
manner than if it is made verbally. Putting a complaint )(75dUl
in writing can have serious consequences for the career `n5|4yaG~
of a scientist and should be undertaken only after w6#hsRq[C
thorough consideration. ^>k [T.
The National Science Foundation and Public Health W W==
Service require all research institutions that receive t0}3QGf;c
public funds to have procedures in place to deal with .
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allegations of unethical practice. These procedures take c9f~^}jNb
into account fairness for the accused, protection for +J+]P\:
the accuser, coordination with funding agencies, and X$%RJ3t e
requirements for confidentiality and disclosure. ?~u"w OH'
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In addition, many universities and other research >Qt#6X|
institutions have designated an ombudsman, ethics 6!b9 6bV
officer, or other official who is available to discuss \zgRzO'N
situations involving research ethics. Such discussions xN2{Vi{ad
are carried out in strictest confidence whenever ~?[@KK
possible. Some institutions provide for multiple entry E: XzX Fxx
points, so that complainants can go to a person with s u![ST(
whom they feel comfortable. m<"1*d~
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1、广义地说,即使是一个不轨行为,也能中伤科学家和他们的单位,导致不利于科研出成果的法规的实行,并动摇公众对科学诚实性的信心。 _!w# {5~
2、如果处理不当,一个举报能严重伤害被控告者、指控者、有关单位、乃至整个科学。 6RzTSb
3、在大多数情况下,最好的方法是与一个值得信任的朋友或导师讨论此事。在大学里,指导老师、系主任和其他高级教师,在决定是否提出投诉时,能提供宝贵的意见 "
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4、书面投诉对科学家的职业生涯会产生严重后果,只有完全考虑清楚后才能进行。 D~2,0K
5、这些措施涉及公平对待被告、保护投诉人、与基金管理机构协调、并根据要求保密及公开。