2008中科院英语翻译全文 kokkZd7!
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One of the most difficult situations that a researcher u#\3T>o%@
can encounter is to see or suspect that a colleague has KB5{ l%>
violated the ethical standards of the research [H1NP'Kg]
community. It is easy to find excuses to do nothing, but C6n4OU
someone who has witnessed misconduct has an unmistakable 4]bT O
obligation to act. At the most immediate level, vF,l?cU~
misconduct can seriously obstruct or damage one's own J{y@ O
research or the research of colleagues. More broadly, 3jN cL{
even a single case of misconduct can malign scientists llzl-2` /
and their institutions, result in the imposition of \ *2IU"R
counterproductive regulations, and shake public m{*l 6`dF
confidence in the integrity of science. )~`
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To be sure, raising a concern about unethical conduct is =T$E
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rarely an easy thing to do. In some cases, anonymity is F, sT[C
possible-but not always. Reprisals by the accused person aqB^ %e
and by skeptical colleagues have occurred in the past Xk2
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and have had serious consequences. Any allegation of 1pV"
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misconduct is a very important charge that needs to be "a: ;
taken seriously. If mishandled, an allegation can (]1 %s?ud*
gravely damage the person charged, the one who makes the ,w6?}
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charge, the institutions involved, and science in :.d QY=6I
general. y hIg)/?L
Someone who is confronting a problem involving research ^T5c^ M8o
ethics usually has more options than are immediately { t 7
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apparent. In most cases the best thing to do is to p})&Zl)
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discuss the situation with a trusted friend or advisor. |3i ~?]
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In universities, faculty advisors, department chairs, |0& S>%=
and other senior faculty can be invaluable sources of 8{ep`$(K@
advice in deciding whether to go forward with a x!< C0N>?z
complaint. ,Xn%-OT
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An important consideration is deciding when to put a w
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complaint in writing. Once in writing, universities are h*d,AJz &.
obligated to deal with a complaint in a more formal sLTf).xh
manner than if it is made verbally. Putting a complaint
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in writing can have serious consequences for the career y> G{GQ
of a scientist and should be undertaken only after 8ZN J}
thorough consideration.
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The National Science Foundation and Public Health *) w p
Service require all research institutions that receive D1w_Vpz
public funds to have procedures in place to deal with +?c
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allegations of unethical practice. These procedures take TqlUe@E
into account fairness for the accused, protection for } {lOsZA
the accuser, coordination with funding agencies, and oreS u;`$
requirements for confidentiality and disclosure. HsO=
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In addition, many universities and other research Dk4Wj"L S
institutions have designated an ombudsman, ethics Z?GC+hG`
officer, or other official who is available to discuss rGN-jb)T+
situations involving research ethics. Such discussions Yux7kD\c
are carried out in strictest confidence whenever @}FRiPo6
possible. Some institutions provide for multiple entry .z_^_@qdm
points, so that complainants can go to a person with P017y&X
whom they feel comfortable. -<|E bh d3
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1、广义地说，即使是一个不轨行为，也能中伤科学家和他们的单位，导致不利于科研出成果的法规的实行，并动摇公众对科学诚实性的信心。 d>(dSK x
2、如果处理不当，一个举报能严重伤害被控告者、指控者、有关单位、乃至整个科学。 ^lQej%
3、在大多数情况下，最好的方法是与一个值得信任的朋友或导师讨论此事。在大学里，指导老师、系主任和其他高级教师，在决定是否提出投诉时，能提供宝贵的意见 :!3P4?a
4、书面投诉对科学家的职业生涯会产生严重后果，只有完全考虑清楚后才能进行。 xd>2TW l#
5、这些措施涉及公平对待被告、保护投诉人、与基金管理机构协调、并根据要求保密及公开。
