O o3s ME2
• obey - v. to act as one is ordered to act CO)BF%?B
• object - v. to show that one does not like or approve; to protest; n. something not alive that can be seen or touched \W;+@w|c
• observe - v. to watch; to look at carefully; to celebrate or honor something ("They will observe the anniversary of the day she was born.") =m+'orJ1
• occupy - v. to take and hold or to control by force Y[\ZN
• ocean - n. the area of salt water that covers almost seventy-five percent of the earth's surface; any of the five main divisions of this water e>GX]tK
• of - prep. made from; belonging to; about; connected to; included among L,KK{o|Eq
• off - ad. away; at a distance; condition when something is no longer operating or continuing; not on; not connected t9Sog~:'
• offensive - n. a military campaign of attack; ad. having to do with attacking t7(#Cuv-
• offer - v. to present or propose; n. the act of presenting or proposing; that which is presented or proposed 88]UA
• office - n. a room or building where business or work is done; a public position to which one is elected or appointed xe=/T#%
• officer - n. a person in the military who commands others; any person who is a member of a police force 0_A|K>7
• official - n. a person with power in an organization; a representative of an organization or government; ad. of or about an office; approved by the government or someone in power B\tP{}P8{
• often - ad. many times gM5`UH|
• oil - n. a thick liquid that does not mix with water and that burns easily; a black liquid taken from the ground and used as fuel nw)yK%`;M
• old - ad. not young or new; having lived or existed for many years 3T<aGW1
• on - prep. above and held up by; touching the upper surface of ("The book is on the table."); supported by ("He is on his feet."); about ("The report on the meeting is ready."); at the time of ("He left on Wednesday.") 3BSJ|o<"=
• once - ad. one time only App9um3:
• only - ad. being the single one or ones; no more than ("We have only two dollars.") |3h-F5V)
• open - v. to start ("They opened talks."); ad. not closed; not secret :*/'W5iM
• operate - v. to do work or a job; to cut into the body for medical reasons
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• opinion - n. a belief based on one's own ideas and thinking AJ:(NV1=
• oppose - v. to be against; to fight against RT
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zcJ>
• opposite - ad. different as possible; completely different from; exactly the other way ("North is the opposite direction from south.") zx(=ArCRr
• oppress - v. to make others suffer; to control by the use of unjust and cruel force or power wcd1.$ n
• or - conj. giving another of two choices; giving the last of several choices 3fb"1z#
• orbit - v. to travel in space around a planet or other object; n. the path or way an object travels in space around another object or planet @5C!
`:f
• order - v. to give a command; to tell someone what to do; n. a command; the correct or normal way things are organized; a peaceful situation in which people obey laws N
N1(f
• organize - v. to put in order; to put together into a system 5d4/}o}%"
• other - ad. different; of another kind; the remaining one or ones of two or more ("That man is short; the other is tall.") &2,0?ra2&
• our - ad. of or belonging to us k4AF
.U`I
• oust - v. to force to leave; to remove by force ]{/1F:bcQ
• out - ad. away from the inside; opposite of in L
PDx3MS
• over - conj. above; covering; across, in or on every part of ("all over the world") "SV#e4C.
• overthrow - v. to remove from power; to defeat or end by force da
,Bnze0
• owe - v. to pay or have to repay (usually money) in return for something received y9#r
SA*
• own - v. to have or possess for oneself #7Pnw.s3zz
P `F^~*FnR,B
• pain - n. a hurt or suffering somewhere in the body wS)2ymRg
• paint - v. to cover with a liquid color; to make a picture with liquid colors; n. a colored liquid used to cover or protect a surface 3T|xUY)G4
• pan - n. a metal container used for cooking T08SG
B]
• paper - n. a thin, flat material made from plants or cloth often used for writing TrEo5
H ;
• parachute - n. a device that permits a person or thing to fall slowly from an airplane or helicopter to the ground t@Bl3Nt{
• parade - n. a group of people and vehicles moving together to celebrate a special event or anniversary a9"1a'
• pardon - v. to forgive for a crime and release from punishment #ox&=MY
• parent - n. a father or mother kw gsf5[
• parliament - n. a government lawmaking group 'Y%@fZf x
• part - n. something less than the whole; not all of something l, [c
R?v
• party - n. a group of people working together for a political purpose; a group of people or friends gathered together for enjoyment zIeJ[J@
• pass - v. to go by or move around something; to move along; to cause or permit to go G|h@O'
• passenger - n. a person travelling by airplane, train, boat or car who is not the pilot or driver 5r-OE-U{
• passport - n. a document permitting a person to travel to another country 'T7=.Hq<4
• past - n. the time gone by; the time before; ad. recent; immediately before; former K!\$M BI
• path - n. a narrow way for walking; a way along which something moves PE\.J U
• patient - n. a person being treated by a doctor for a health problem
RM(MCle}
• pay - v. to give money for work done or for something bought ~@Wg3'&
• peace - n. the condition of freedom from war, fighting or noise; rest; quiet G""L1?
• people - n. any group of persons; all the persons of a group, race, religion or nation ("the American people") Bc!ZHW*&
• percent - n. a part of every hundred ("Ten is ten percent of one hundred.") 1>pFUf|cV
• perfect - ad. complete or correct in every way; completely right or good; without mistakes W~QH"Sq
• perform - v. to speak, dance or sing in front of others &-hz&/A,
• period - n. an amount of time within events, restrictions or conditions ?:
XY3!{
• permanent - ad. never changing; lasting for a very long time or for all time eM1=r:jgE
• permit - v. to let; to make possible l)m]<EX
• person - n. a man, woman or child /KCJ)0UU
• physical - ad. of the body XeJ|Z)qZ
• physics - n. the study of motion, matter and energy O7x'q<PFU
• picture - n. something that shows what another thing looks like; an idea or representation of something as seen by the eye; a painting; what is made with a camera #@v$`Df<
• piece - n. a part of something larger "8%z,lHw
• pig - n. a farm animal used for its meat rZt7C(FM$7
• pilot - n. one who guides or flies an airplane or helicopter Z6F^p8O-
• pipe - n. a long, round piece of material used to move liquid or gas }iZ>Gm'5
• place - v. to put something somewhere; n. an area or a part of an area; space where a person or thing is; any room, building, town or country 9cO
m$
• plan - v. to organize or develop an idea or method of acting or doing something ">("They plan to have a party."); n. an organized or developed idea or method ("The plan will not work.") ]%4rL
S
• planet - n. a large object in space that orbits the sun ("Earth is a planet.") 9_07?`Jr
• plant - v. to put into the ground to grow; n. a living growth from the ground which gets its food from air, water and earth L(
B(x>w
• plastic - n. a material made from chemicals that can be formed and made into things sgRD]SF
• play - v. to have fun; to not work; to take part in a sport; to make music on an instrument; n. a story acted in a theater { yvKUTq`
• please - v. to make one happy; to give enjoyment j0
]|$p
• plenty - n. all that is needed; a large enough amount
`n{yls7.
• plot - v. to make secret plans; n. a secret plan to do something wrong or illegal }Efz+>F02
• poem - n. words and their sounds organized in a special way to express emotions 6 pQbh*
• point - v. to aim one's finger toward; to aim; n. the sharp end of something ,O;+fhUJ(
• poison - n. a substance that can destroy life or damage health {TWgR2?{C
• police - n. a government agency responsible for guarding the public, keeping order, and making sure people obey the law; members of that agency L
2Z9g`>
• policy - n. an established set of plans or goals used to develop and make decisions in politics, economics or business +~H mPQ
• politics - n. the activities of government and of those who are in public office Z#i5=,Bk
• pollute - v. to release dangerous or unpleasant substances into the air, soil or water dl
%KD8
• poor - n. people with little or no money; ad. lacking money or goods; of bad quality kV mJG#
• popular - ad. liked by many people; generally approved by the public ?d?
cD
• population - n. all the people in a place, city or country ,fQs+*j
• port - n. a city where ships load or unload goods; a place on a coast where ships can be safe from a storm `B4Px|3
• position - n. a place; the way of holding the body; the way a thing is set or placed; a job (or level of a job) in an organization S[_Hc$7U
• possess - v. to have; to own; to control or be controlled by >h+G$&8[y
• possible - ad. able to be done; can happen or is expected to happen - A\J:2a|
• postpone - v. to delay action until a later time =u+.o<
• pour - v. to flow; to cause to flow ?pLKUA h
• power - n. the ability to control or direct others; control; strength; ruling force; force or energy used to do work ("Water power turns the wheel.") A)X 'We
• praise - v. to say good things about; to approve 6E
eU
iLd
• pray - v. to make a request to a god or spirit; to praise a god or spirit gkN|3^
• pregnant - ad. carrying a child within the body before it is born; expecting to give birth to a baby BU|
bo")
• present - v. to offer for consideration ("We will present our idea to the committee."); n. a gift ("I gave them a present for their anniversary."); now ("The present time is a good time."); ad. to be at a place ("I was present at school yesterday.") j+p=ik
• president - n. the chief official of a country that is a republic; the leader of an organization X[XSf=
• press - v. to urge strongly; n. newspapers, magazines and other publications vT7ei"~&u
• pressure - n. the force produced when something is pushed down or against something else |0wUOs*5
• prevent - v. to keep or stop from going or happening P]pVYX#m
• price - n. the amount of money for which anything is bought, sold or offered for sale 4eOQP
• prison - n. a place where a person is kept as punishment for a crime m>@$T
x
• private - ad. of or about a person or group that is secret; opposite public pFu3FUO*;
• prize - n. something offered or won in a competition; something of value that one must work hard for to get ZA;wv+hF=
• probably - ad. a good chance of taking place; a little more than possible fYU-pdWP
T
• problem - n. a difficult question or situation with an unknown or unclear answer y?|JBf
• process - n. an operation or series of changes leading to a desired result *d,u)l :S
• produce - v. to make; to create; to cause something to be; to manufacture D;VFMP
• profession - n. a job that requires special training }tIIA"dZ
• professor - n. a teacher at a college or university 4YVxRZ1[3
• profit - n. money gained from a business activity after paying all costs of that activity >D';i\2j&
• program - n. a plan of action; the different events or parts of a meeting or show xl(];&A3
• progress - n. movement forward or toward improvement or a goal !2('Cq_^
• project - n. a planned effort to do something 0!n6tz lT
• propaganda - n. ideas or information used to influence opinions kpkN GQ2
• property - n. anything owned by someone such as land, buildings or goods (i,TxjS'od
• propose - v. to present or offer for consideration ~PT(/L
• protect - v. to guard; to defend; to prevent from being harmed or damaged (aX5VB **
• protest - v. to speak against; to object lW,rzJ1
• prove - v. to show to be true :VPZGzK4
• provide - v. to give something needed or wanted
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• public - ad. of or about all the people in a community or country; opposite private ( _ZOUMe
• publication - n. something that is published such as a book, newspaper or magazine i0($@6Lh
• publish - v. to make public something that is written; to include something in a book, newspaper or magazine /x6,"M[97
• pull - v. to use force to move something toward the person or thing using the force; opposite push <Gy)|qpK[
• pump - v. to force a gas or liquid up, into or through VP$ `.y
• punish - v. to cause pain, suffering or loss for doing something bad or illegal 05zBB
• purchase - v. to buy with money or with something of equal value; n. that which is bought F6gboo)SD
• pure - ad. free from anything that is different or that reduces value; clean ZJ} V>Bu-
• purpose - n. the reason or desired effect for doing something; goal 1/Pou)D
• push - v. to use force to move something away from the person or thing using the force; opposite pull kzhncku
• put - v. to place; to set in position i6)$pARp
Q M
@rknq@
• quality - n. that which something is known to have or be ("An important quality of steel is its strength."); amount of value or excellence ("Their goods are of the highest quality.") n"dC]&G'
• question - v. to ask; to express wonder or disbelief; n. a sentence or word used in asking for information; a problem; an issue to be discussed ZZf-c5 g
• quick - ad. fast @N`) Z3P+
• quiet - ad. with little or no noise; having little or no movement; calm d v@B-l;
R **V^8'W<
• race - v. to run; to take part in a competition to decide who or what can move fastest; to take part in a campaign for political office; n. one of the major groups that humans can be divided into because of a common physical similarity, such as skin color MfhJb_q`
• radar - n. a device that uses radio signals to learn the position or speed of objects that may be too far away to be seen W'2|hP
• radiation - n. waves of energy from something that produces heat or light; energy from a nuclear substance, which can be dangerous 33lD`4i+
• radio - n. the system of sending and receiving signals or sounds through the air without wires ~3Y)o|D3
• raid - v. to make a sudden attack; n. a sudden attack carried out as an act of war, or for the purpose of seizing or stealing something gG0P &9xz
• railroad - n. a road for trains; a company that operates such a road and its stations and equipment PsTPG
K#S
• rain - n. water falling from the sky 12*'rU;*
• raise - v. to lift up; to move to a higher position; to cause to grow; to increase g&y'#,'Q~,
• rare - ad. not common; not usual; not often "8wRxDr+
• rate - n. speed; a measure of how quickly or how often something happens; the price of any thing or service that is bought or sold D!kv+<+
• reach - v. to put a hand toward; to arrive at; to come to *ktM<N58
• react - v. to act as a result of or in answer to C`c;I7
• read - v. to look at and understand the meaning of written words or numbers N\ ?%944R
• ready - ad. prepared; completed; organized; willing =e/{fUg8f
• real - ad. true; truly existing; not false ~d :Z|8
• realistic - ad. in agreement with the way things are 6CBk,2DswI
• reason - n. the cause for a belief or act; purpose; something that explains [pOQp
fo\
• reasonable - ad. ready to listen to reasons or ideas; not extreme; ready or willing to compromise sw{,l"]<
• rebel - v. to act against a government or power, often with force; to refuse to obey; n. one who opposes or fights against the government of his or her country )&}\2NK6L
• receive - v. to get or accept something given, offered or sent U`_(Lq%5W
• recent - ad. a short time ago nj99!"_
• recession - n. a temporary reduction in economic activity, when industries produce less and many workers lose their jobs CZ*c["x2
• recognize - v. to know or remember something or someone that was known, known about or seen before; to accept another nation as independent and establish diplomatic ties with its government jy`jxOoG~Z
• record - v. to write something in order to have it for future use; to put sound or pictures in a form that can be kept and heard or seen again; n. a writing that shows proof or facts about something 2mAXBqdm
• recover - v. to get again something that was lost, stolen or taken away ("The police recovered the stolen money."); to return to normal health or normal conditions She is expected to recover from the operation.") 'awL!P--
• red - ad. having the color like that of blood 5inmFT?9Z
• reduce - v. to make less or smaller in number, size or amount; to cut $e#p -z
• reform - v. to make better by changing; to improve; n. a change to a better condition '+1<7jl&I
• refugee - n. a person who has been forced to flee because of unjust treatment, danger or war EotZ$O=
• refuse - v. to reject; to not accept, give or do something n.]K"$230
• regret - n. a feeling of sadness or sorrow about something that is done or that happens #9 5.KkF
• reject - v. to refuse to accept, use or believe 1UX"iOx(
• relation - n. understandings or ties between nations; members of the same family; people connected by marriage or family ties jPg 8>Z&D
• release - v. to free; to permit to go; to permit to be known or made public Mw2?U>h1
• religion - n. a belief in, or the honoring of, a god or gods S0nBX"$u
• remain - v. to stay in a place after others leave; to stay the same tL(B gku9
• remains - n. a dead body Z- ;<R$
• remember - v. to think about the past; opposite forget AVyO5>w
• remove - v. to take away or take off; to put an end to; to take out of a position or office ~Emeo&X
• repair - n. work done to fix something Wf/Gt\?
• repeat - v. to say or do again |>a
sGP
• report - v. to tell about; to give the results of a study or investigation; n. the story about an event; the results of a study or investigation; a statement in which the facts may not be confirmed 5qtZ`1H
q
• represent - v. to act in the place of someone else; to substitute for; to serve as an example 8X`iMFa.P
• repress - v. to control or to restrict freedoms by force p%~#~5t,
• request - v. to ask for; n. the act of asking for {aP5Mem
• require - v. to need or demand as necessary l<qK'
P4
• rescue - v. to free from danger or evil &
.VciSq6
• research - n. a careful study to discover correct information An cmSi
• resign - v. to leave a position, job or office 8B;wn<O
• resist - v. to oppose; to fight to prevent r#
MJ
• resolution - n. an official statement of agreement by a group of people, usually reached by voting f$$l,wo
• resource - n. anything of value that can be used or sold ?#"rI6
• responsible - ad. having a duty or job to do ("He is responsible for preparing the report."); being the cause of ("They were responsible for the accident.") 3Z#k9c_b
• rest - v. to sit, lie down or sleep to regain strength; n. that which remains; the others R{GOlxKs C
• restrain - v. to keep controlled; to limit action by a person or group KB49~7XjQ@
• restrict - v. to limit; to prevent from increasing or becoming larger d:*
,HzG
• result - v. to happen from a cause; n. that which follows or is produced by a cause; effect 4eTfb
• retire - v. to leave a job or position because one is old or in poor health (#GOXz
• return - v. to go or come back; to bring, give, take or send back I\E`xkbBu
• revolt - v. to protest violently; to fight for a change, especially of government >aXyi3B
• rice - n. a food grain c}GmS@
• rich - ad. having much money or goods; having plenty of something heJ I5t,
• ride - v. to sit on or in and be carried along; to travel by animal, wheeled vehicle, airplane or boat $,$bZV
• right - n. what a person legally and morally should be able to do or have ("It is their right to vote."); ad. agreeing with the facts; good; correct; opposite wrong; on the side that is toward the east when one is facing north; opposite left 7YT%.ID
• riot - v. to act with many others in a violent way in a public place; n. a violent action by a large group of people h`n,:Y^++P
• rise - v. to go up; to go higher; to increase; to go from a position of sitting or lying to a position of standing -Yx'qz@
• risk - n. the chance of loss, damage or injury 6Mu_9UAl`
• river - n. a large amount of water that flows across land into another river, a lake or an ocean DX
u915
• road - n. a long piece of hard ground built between two places so people can walk, drive or ride easily from one place to the other vw VeHjR
• rob - v. to take money or property secretly or by force; to steal U@21N3_@_
• rock - n. a hard piece of mineral matter yJ*`OU#
• rocket - n. a device shaped like a tube that moves through air or space by burning gases and letting them escape from the back or bottom, sometimes used as a weapon
X!Ag7^E
• roll - v. to turn over and over; to move like a ball =Hplg>h)
• room - n. a separate area within a building with its own walls I3`WY-
uv
• root - n. the part of a plant that is under the ground and takes nutrients from the soil ~<
%%n'xmm
• rope - n. a long, thick piece of material made from thinner pieces of material, used for tying ggQ/_F8u
• rough - ad. not flat or smooth; having an uneven surface; violent; not made well \
d$fi*{
• round - ad. having the shape of a ball or circle C+ar]Vi
• rub - v. to move something over the surface of another thing *R1m=
• rubber - n. a substance made from the liquid of trees with the same name, or a similar substance made from chemicals )D'SfNx#{
• ruin - v. to damage severely; to destroy o
%GVg
• rule - v. to govern or control; to decide; n. a statement or an order that says how something must be done V4I5PPz~
• run - v. to move quickly by steps faster than those used for walking /+^7lQo\]
S '5xIisP
• sabotage - v. to damage or destroy as an act against an organization or nation ("The rebels sabotaged the railroad.") l;{n"
F
• sacrifice - v. to do without something or to suffer a loss for a belief, idea, goal or another person [7x,&
• sad - ad. not happy Mttt]]
• safe - ad. away from harm or danger ToMvP B);
• sail - v. to travel by boat or ship 4lrF{S8
• sailor - n. a person involved in sailing a boat or ship wW2b?b{*Z
• salt - n. a white substance found in sea water and in the ground, used to affect the taste of food l~
3 H"
• same - ad. not different; not changed; like another or others t
Qo)* z
• sand - n. extremely small pieces of crushed rock found in large amounts in deserts and on coasts S-x'nu$u
• satellite - n. a small object in space that moves around a larger object; an object placed in orbit around the earth K"Vo'9R[_
• satisfy - v. to give or provide what is desired, needed or demanded WcRTv"4&
• save - v. to make safe; to remove from harm; to keep for future use Pw c)u&
• say - v. to speak; to express in words ,Dh+-
}
• school - n. a place for education; a place where people go to learn RRSkXDU}
• science - n. the study of nature and the actions of natural things, and the knowledge gained about them iczJXA+
• sea - n. a large area of salt water, usually part of an ocean J)R2O{ z
• search - v. to look for carefully T}fH
• season - n. one of the four periods of the year that is based on the earth's position toward the sun (spring, summer, autumn, winter); a period of time based on different weather conditions ("dry season", "rainy season"); a period during the year when something usually happens ("baseball season") Ml-GAkgG
• seat - n. a thing to sit on; a place to sit or the right to sit there ("a seat in parliament") wWq(|"
• second - ad. the one that comes after the first w4:|Z@ I
• secret - n. something known only to a few and kept from general knowledge; ad. hidden from others; known only to a few p
I>yO~Ve
• security - n. freedom from danger or harm; protection; measures necessary to protect a person or place ("Security was increased in the city.") $a
/jfpV
• see - v. to know or sense through the eyes; to understand or know 6f=,$:S$
• seed - n. the part of a plant from which new plants grow Evjvaa^
• seek - v. to search for ("They are seeking a cure for cancer."); to try to get ("She is seeking election to public office."); to plan to do ("Electric power companies are seeking to reduce their use of coal.") cXcrb4IKD
• seem - v. to appear to be ("She seems to be in good health.") +=_^4
• seize - v. to take quickly by force; to take control of quickly; to arrest I`e$U
• self X - n. all that which makes one person different from others WA'4y\ N
• sell - v. to give something in exchange for money *yx5G-#?
• Senate - n. the smaller of the two groups in the governments of some countries, such as in the United States Congress
_aJo7
• send - v. to cause to go; to permit to go; to cause to be carried, taken or directed to or away from a place /R/\>'{E&c
• sense - v. to come to know about by feeling, believing or understanding; n. any of the abilities to see, hear, taste, smell or feel z2.9l?"rfQ
• sentence - v. to declare the punishment for a crime; n. the punishment for a crime l g0 'qH8
• separate - v. to set or keep people, things or ideas away from or independent from others; ad. not together or connected; different p*'%<3ml
• series - n. a number of similar things or events that follow one after another in time, position or order B|fh 4FNy
• serious - ad. important; needing careful consideration; dangerous c@|!0
U%j
• serve - v. to work as an official; to be employed by the government; to assist or help to2#PXf]y
• service - n. an organization or system that provides something for the public ("Schools and roads are services paid for by taxes."); a job that an organization or business can do for money; military organizations such as an army, navy or air force; a religious ceremony NE~R&ym9
• set - v. to put in place or position; to establish a time, price or limit Xa,d"R~
• settle - v. to end (a dispute); to agree about (a problem); to make a home in a new place A'zXbp:%
• several - ad. three or more, but not many 4J~ZZ
• severe - ad. not gentle; causing much pain, sadness or damage bU3P;a(
• sex - n. either the male or female group into which all people and animals are divided because of their actions in producing young; the physical activity by which humans and animals can produce young wI0NotC
• shake - v. to move or cause to move in short, quick movements G5l?c@
o
• shape - v. to give form to; n. the form of something, especially how it looks xr*%:TwCta
• share - v. to give part of something to another or others; n. a part belonging to, given to or owned by a single person or a group; any one of the equal parts of ownership of a business or company sxK|0i}6
• sharp - ad. having a thin edge or small point that can cut or hurt; causing hurt or pain *UerLpf
• she - pro. the girl or woman who is being spoken about ^Rpy5/d
• sheep - n. a farm animal used for its meat and hair 6x.ZS'y
• shell - v. to fire artillery; n. a metal container that is fired from a large gun and explodes when it reaches its target; a hard outside cover hx.ln6=4
• shelter - v. to protect or give protection to; n. something that gives protection; a place of safety xj!G9x<!
• shine - v. to aim a light; to give bright light; to be bright; to clean to make bright ?'8(']/
• ship - v. to transport; n. a large boat _8z ga
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• shock - v. to cause to feel sudden surprise or fear; n. something that greatly affects the mind or emotions; a powerful shake, as from an earthquake gs:V4$(p4
• shoe - n. a covering for the foot w7d<Ky_C
• shoot - v. to cause a gun or other weapon to send out an object designed to kill; to use a gun 8mc0(Z@
• short - ad. lasting only for a small period of time; not long; opposite tall E2nsBP=5C
• should - v. used with another verb (action word) to show responsibility ("We should study."), probability ("The talks should begin soon."), or that something is believed to be a good idea ("Criminals should be punished.") ob_*fP
• shout - v. to speak very loudly <E&8g[x6
• show - v. to make something be seen; to make known; n. a play or story presented in a theater, or broadcast on radio or television, for enjoyment or education; something organized to be seen by the public ,_iR
• shrink - v. to make or become less in size, weight or value LkwjEJQf
• sick - ad. suffering physically or mentally with a disease or other problem; not in good health |19
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• sickness - n. the condition of being in bad health %7wN
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• side - n. the outer surfaces of an object that are not the top or bottom; parts away from the middle; either the right or left half of the body q}+Fm?B
• sign - v. to write one's name; n. a mark or shape used to mean something; evidence that something exists or will happen; a flat piece of material with writing that gives information +EOd9.X\~
• signal - v. to send a message by signs; n. an action or movement that sends a message oro^'#ki
• silence - v. to make quiet; to stop from speaking or making noise; n. a lack of noise or sound +oRBSAg -
• silver - n. a valued white metal ]n
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• similar - ad. like something else but not exactly the same #wS/QrRE
• simple - ad. easy to understand or do; not difficult or complex Ve9*>6i&-4
• since - prep. from a time in the past until now ("I have known her since we went to school together.") 84f~.45
• sing - v. to make music sounds with the voice DQ`\HY
• single - ad. one only LDgGVl
• sink - v. to go down into water or other liquid 50R&;+b
• sister - n. a female with the same father or mother as another person U?e.)G
• sit - v. to rest on the lower part of the body without the support of the legs; to become seated T\OpPSYbl
• situation - n. the way things are during a period of time tPz!C&.=
• size - n. the space occupied by something; how long, wide or high something is iebnQf
• skeleton - n. all the bones of a human or other animal together in their normal positions @\?QZX(H
• skill - n. the ability gained from training or experience 2S@aG%-)
• skin - n. the outer covering of humans and most animals Ch0t'
• sky - n. the space above the earth ZQN%!2
• slave - n. a person owned or controlled by another +'ADN!(B_
• sleep - v. to rest the body and mind with the eyes closed ^77X?nDz=h
• slide - v. to move smoothly over a surface @3Nvf}He
• slow - v. to reduce the speed of; ad. not fast in moving, talking or other activities +2 x|j>
• small - ad. little in size or amount; few in number; not important; opposite large /s[D[:P_
• smash - v. to break or be broken into small pieces by force; to hit or move with >force H6V!W\:s
• smell - v. to sense through the nose; n. something sensed by the nose ("the smell of food cooking") u?V
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• smoke - v. to use cigarettes or other tobacco products by burning them and breathing in the smoke; n. that which can be seen rising into the air like a cloud from something burning +sm9H"_0
• smooth - ad. having a level surface; opposite rough
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• snow - n. soft, white pieces of frozen water that fall from the sky, usually in winter or when the air temperature is very cold bo_Tp~j
• so - ad. in such a way that ("He held the flag so all could see it."); also; too ("She left early, and so did we."); very ("I am so sick."); as a result ("They were sick, so they could not come."); conj. in order that; for the purpose of ("Come early so we can discuss the plans.") ) mh,F#"L
• social - ad. of or about people or a group Kq&JvY^
• soft - ad. not hard; easily shaped; pleasing to touch; not loud @mm~i~~KA
• soil - n. earth in which plants grow <F&53N&Zc
• soldier - n. a person in the army 0~=>:^H'`q
• solid - ad. having a hard shape with no empty spaces inside; strong; not in the form of a liquid or gas Y
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• solve - v. to find an answer; to settle 3c[< #]8S
• some - ad. of an amount or number or part not stated; not all 8i Xt8XY3
• son - n. a person's male child GI[XcK^*w
• soon - ad. not long after the present time; quickly 5$<Ozkj(
• sort - n. any group of people or things that are the same or are similar in some way; a kind of something V:>ZSW4,^
• sound - n. fast-moving waves of energy that affect the ear and result in hearing; that which is heard 'E_~>
• south - n. the direction to the right of a person facing the rising sun .u
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• space - n. the area outside the earth's atmosphere where the sun, moon, planets and stars are; the area between or inside things =BVBCh
• speak - v. to talk; to say words with the mouth; to express one's thoughts to others and exchange ideas; to give a speech to a group [l:}#5\]4
• special - ad. of a different or unusual kind; not for general use; better or more important than others of the same kind dW} m44X
• speech - n. a talk given to a group of people x>eV$UJ
• speed - v. to make something go or move faster; n. the rate at which something moves or travels; the rate at which something happens or is done V4tObZP3Ff
• spend - v. to give as payment; to use ("He spends much time studying.") ^7-l<R[T
• spill - v. to cause or permit liquid to flow out, usually by accident ~F^7L5d}C
• spirit - n. the part of a human that is not physical and is connected to thoughts and emotions; the part of a person that is believed to remain alive after death =P7!6V\f
• split - v. to separate into two or more parts; to divide or break into parts Y9ipy_@_?
• sport - n. any game or activity of competition involving physical effort or skill 6<
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• spread - v. to become longer or wider; to make or become widely known zwJK|S k
• spring - n. the time of the year between winter and summer L/7YI\C2
• spy - v. to steal or get information secretly; n. one who watches others secretly; a person employed by a government to get secret information about another country XTS%:S
• square - n. a flat shape having four equal sides h-6zQs
• stab - v. to cut or push into or through with a pointed weapon zA%$l&QN]
• stand - v. to move into or be in a position in which only the feet are on a surface; to be in one position or place `R@b`3*%v
• star - n. a mass of gas that usually appears as a small light in the sky at night, but is not a planet; a famous person, usually an actor or singer :~4M9
• start - v. to begin; to make something begin dH_g:ocA
• starve - v. to suffer or die from a lack of food vq-#%o
• state - v. to say; to declare; n. a political part of a nation ; wKsi_``@
• station - n. a place of special work or purpose ("a police station"); a place where passengers get on or off trains or buses; a place for radio or television broadcasts =VvQ2Y0h8
• statue - n. a form of a human, animal or other creature usually made of stone, wood or metal T[+~-D @
• stay - v. to continue to be where one is; to remain; to not leave; to live for a time ("They stayed in New York for two years.") fYUbr"Oe
• steal - v. to take without permission or paying *e%(J$t
• steam - n. the gas that comes from hot water / &#b*46
• steel - n. iron made harder and stronger by mixing it with other substances hB??~>i3
• step - v. to move by lifting one foot and placing it in a new position; n. the act of stepping; one of a series of actions designed to reach a goal @8"cT-
• stick - v. to attach something to another thing using a substance that will hold them together; to become fixed in one position so that movement is difficult ("Something is making the door stick."); n. a thin piece of wood j*#k%;c
• still - ad. not moving ("The man was standing still."); until the present or a stated time ("Was he still there?"); even so; although ("The job was difficult, but she still wanted to do it.") .XPPd?R
• stone - n. a small piece of rock eiwPp9[08
• stop - v. to prevent any more movement or action; to come or bring to an end B~7]x;8h
• store - v. to keep or put away for future use; n. a place where people buy things (8jQdbZU
• storm - n. violent weather, including strong winds and rain or snow X].Igb)2
• story - n. the telling or writing of an event, either real or imagined [&K"OQ^\2h
• stove - n. a heating device used for cooking (U^f0wJg
• straight - ad. continuing in one direction without turns H&h"!+t(#
• strange - ad. unusual; not normal; not known f3"sKL4|
• street - n. a road in a city, town or village -$tf`
• stretch - v. to extend for a distance; to pull on to make longer or wider W}rL HAaDh
• strike - v. to hit with force; to stop work as a way to seek better conditions, more pay or to make other demands |tdsg
• strong - ad. having much power; not easily broken, damaged or destroyed \oy8)o/Gb
• structure - n. the way something is built, made or organized; a system that is formed or organized in a special way; a building xF])NZy|
• struggle - v. to try with much effort; to fight with; n. a great effort; a fight U2
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• study - v. to make an effort to gain knowledge by using the mind; to examine carefully \>p\~[cxt
• stupid - ad. not able to learn much; not intelligent r9!,cs
• subject - n. the person or thing being discussed, studied or written about ZZJ<JdD
• submarine - n. an underwater ship =}m'qy
• substance - n. the material of which something is made (a solid, liquid or gas) )F65sV{
• substitute - v. to put or use in place of another; n. a person or thing put or used in place of another . E
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• subversion - n. an attempt to weaken or destroy a political system or government, usually secretly L]#b=Y
• succeed - v. to reach a goal or thing desired; to produce a planned result /\d@A B^5I
• such - ad. of this or that kind; of the same kind as; similar to ( Qj;B)
• sudden - ad. not expected; without warning; done or carried out quickly or without preparation $i"IOp
• suffer - v. to feel pain in the body or mind; to receive or experience hurt or sadness Y:4/06I
• sugar - n. a sweet substance made from liquids taken from plants uE-|]QQo
• suggest - v. to offer or propose something to think about or consider JE ''Th}
• summer - n. the warmest time of the year, between spring and autumn S- JD}+9
• sun - n. the huge star in the sky that provides heat and light to earth yLEAbd%+
• supervise - v. to direct and observe the work of others )bl^:C
• supply - v. to give; to provide; n. the amount of something that can be given or sold to others eh}I?:(a?
• support - v. to carry the weight of; to hold up or in position; to agree with others and help them reach a goal; to approve G}#p4\/
• suppose - v. to believe, think or imagine ("I suppose you are right."); to expect ("It is supposed to rain tonight.") /5"RedP<
• suppress - v. to put down or to keep down by force; to prevent information from being known publicly "T1A$DKw+R
• sure - ad. very probable; with good reason to believe; true without question
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• surface - n. the outer side or top of something ("The rocket landed on the surface of the moon.") m)e~HP7M
• surplus - n. an amount that is more than is needed; extra; ("That country has a trade surplus. It exports more than it imports.") ^C70b)68
• surprise - v. to cause a feeling of wonder because something is not expected; n. something not expected; the feeling caused by something not expected ]@
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• surrender - v. to give control of oneself or one's property to another or others; to stop fighting and admit defeat iPdR;O'
• surround - v. to form a circle around; to be in positions all around someone or something cn2SMa[@S
• survive - v. to remain alive during or after a dangerous situation dlCmSCp%
• suspect - v. to imagine or believe that a person is guilty of something bad or illegal; n. a person believed to be guilty |)+45e
• suspend - v. to cause to stop for a period of time ^|ul3_'?
• swallow - v. to take into the stomach through the mouth rL|9Xru
• swear in - v. to put an official into office by having him or her promise to carry out the duties of that office ("The chief justice will swear in the president.") _FP'SVa}D
• sweet - ad. tasting pleasant, like sugar (gjCm0#_%
• swim - v. to move through water by making motions with the arms and legs O>[B"mMt
• sympathy - n. a sharing of feelings or emotions with another person, usually feelings of sadness UX@8
• system - n. a method of organizing or doing something by following rules or a plan; a group of connected things or parts working together for a common purpose or goal