英语语法的十六种时态 一、概况
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-l1 一般时
eYLeytF]Uy "9:1>Gr{G 进行时
+q[puFfl <nOK#;O) 完成时
+}@1X&v: e p* ( 完成进行时
icLf; @ t:X\`.W 一般现在时 现在进行时 现在完成时 现在完成进行时 一般过去时 过去进行时 过去完成时 过去完成进行时 一般将来时 将来进行时 将来完成时 将来完成进行时 一般过去将来时 过去将来进行时 过去将来完成时 过去将来完成进行时
?{ns1nW: SRuNt3wW6 二、十六种时态的谓语形势
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一般时态 进行时态 完成时态 完成进行时态 现在 do/does am/is/are doing have/has done have/has been doing 过去 did was/were doing had done had been doing 将来 shall/will do shall/will be doing shall/will have done shall/will have been doing 过去将来 should/would do
`Hld#+R should/would be doing should/would have done should/would have been doing
G'T/I\tB 一般过去时的用法
<1cYz\/ !M u^&2T(xG i 1）表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。
a/Z >- When I was a child, I often played football in the street.
#&a-m,Y$sx Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.
k \rzvo=U _PUgK\ 2）句型：
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Un>g4>Rh It is time for sb. to do sth "到……时间了" "该……了"
3}V`]B#a It is time sb. did sth. "时间已迟了" "早该……了"
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qMO@E_ It is time for you to go to bed. 你该睡觉了。
7.@$D;L9 It is time you went to bed. 你早该睡觉了。
XG2&_u& would (had) rather sb. did sth. 表示'宁愿某人做某事'
0]% 0wbY1 I'd rather you came tomorrow.
n%GlO KC (T+fO}0 3) wish, wonder, think, hope 等用过去时，作试探性的询问、请求、建议等。
xrb %-vT I thought you might have some. 我以为你想要一些。
rK 9 l+g\xUP 比较：
:KY920/, 一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去，现已不复存在。
M| r6"~i Christine was an invalid all her life.
g_ 'F( An (含义：她已不在人间。)
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L r*W#E Christine has been an invalid all her life.
ZuF"GNUC (含义：她现在还活着)
.PjJ g^^ Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years.
mHcxK@qw (含义：达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)
|Yq0zc! Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years.
wX dt Y ( 含义：现在还住在肯塔基州，有可能指刚离去)
8/ lv, m# 2E]SKpJ 注意： 用过去时表示现在，表示委婉语气。
UykOQ-2-n 1）动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。
3u]#Ra~5 Did you want anything else?
' *h y!f] I wondered if you could help me.
JBX#U@k>I 2）情态动词 could, would.
}py6H[ Could you lend me your bike?
$r0~& $T& 一般将来时
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g 1) shall用于第一人称，常被will 所代替。
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)H>Uu5@ will 在陈述句中用于各人称，在争求意见时常用于第二人称。
ki/x o^Y2< Which paragraph shall I read first.
B<)c{kj Will you be at home at seven this evening?
o5~o Rmsr F3k]*pk8w 2) be going to +不定式，表示将来。
`<R; ^qCt a. 主语的意图，即将做某事。
eK]g FXk What are you going to do tomorrow?
w.s-T.5.j b. 计划，安排要发生的事。
j#KL"B_ A the play is going to be produced next month。
96W!~w2xx c. 有迹象要发生的事
w7n6@"q Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm.
pUs:r0B (dSf>p r 2 3) be +不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。
XL@Y! We are to discuss the report next Saturday.
HK~uu5j z'cK,psq( 4) be about to +不定式，意为马上做某事。
w h4WII He is about to leave for Beijing.
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1<Qj 注意：be about to 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。
K@Z K@++ 现在进行时
R RYm.dMIw wSrq?U5q hAHZN^x& Mr. GREen is writing another novel.
z$'_ =9yZ (说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。)
:mwNkT2et She is learning piano under Mr. Smith.
k_A. aYe c. 表示渐变的动词有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。
[3Qu @;"& the leaves are turning red.
x --buO It's getting warmer and warmer.
$@8$_g|Wz d. 与always, constantly, forever 等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观色彩。
YXD6GJWo You are always changing your mind.
%m\dNUz4g vfW 典型例题
JXR_klx My dictionary ___, I have looked for it everywhere but still___ it.
$`J'Y>` A. has lost, don't find B. is missing, don't find C. has lost, haven't found D. is missing, haven't found.
m @K5eh 答案D. 前句是一个仍在持续的状态，应用进行时，由于没有找到，其影响仍然存在，应用完成时，瞬间动词用于否定式时可用于完成时。
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过去进行时
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4m9} zE" ME*ou 1） 概念：表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。
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5 w: 2） 过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。
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A/7 3) 常用的时间状语
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-q this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while
> UT Ak l#8SlRji AF5$U8jf My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.
]fH U/% It was raining when they left the station.
x,W)qv When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.
E}U[VtaC xA;o3Or 典型例题
L%,tc~)A 1) Mary ___ a dress when she cut her finger.
RhM]OJd' A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes
#V4kT*2P) 答案C. 割伤手指是已发生的事情，应用过去时。同 时，when表时间的同时性，"玛丽在做衣服时"提供事情发生的背景，因此用过去进行时。
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r&&% qTK\'trgx] 2) As she ___ the newspaper, Granny ___ asleep.
2mVcT3 read； was falling B. was reading； fell C. was reading； was falling D. read；fell
odxsF(Q0p 答案B.句中的as = when, while，意为"当……之时"。描述一件事发生的背景时，用过去进行；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。句意为 "在她看报纸时，奶奶睡着了。"句中的 fell (fall的过去时)，是系动词，后跟形容词，如：fall sick。
J8|F8dcz 比较过去时与现在完成时
k/+ -Tq; [n/'JeG5 8y;W+I(71 ZA@Q P1 一般过去时的时间状语:
oY@ 4G)5 yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具体的时间状语
H\ A!oB,sw bSmF"H0cP 共同的时间状语:
i3I'n* this morning, tonight,this April, now, once，before, already, recently，lately
TK.a6 HJG [; M31b3 现在完成时的时间状语
%OW L M for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always,
Uq /#\7/rL 不确定的时间状语
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:&Uw jRN*W2]V 3）现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.
w[w{~`([", 过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。
ND[u$N+5x" 举例：
j.MpQ^eJ7 I saw this film yesterday.
[Af&K22M(X （强调看的动作发生过了。）
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I have seen this film.
z)Xf6& （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）
sGIY\% Why did you get up so early?
P 3uAS （强调起床的动作已发生过了。）
W jZJQK Who hasn't handed in his paper?
v)@EK6Nty （强调有卷子，可能为不公平竞争。）
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She has returned from Paris.
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K6 她已从巴黎回来了。
ia15r\4j) She returned yesterday.
4 fBgmL 她是昨天回来了。
[\C Q_qs| He has been in the League for three years.
6U;pYWht (在团内的状态可延续)
jR7 , b5 He has been a League member for three years.
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D!IB`cA4 (是团员的状态可持续)
4kGA`Xh S* He joined the League three years ago.
P_+S;(QQ~d ( 三年前入团，joined为短暂行为。)
Kx9Cx 5 B I have finished my homework now.
Q:Q) -|, ay6G1\
0W ---Will somebody go and get Dr. White?
H=]$9ZH! ---He's already been sent for.
{\22C `9t 句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。
\UFno$;mA （错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.
)t={+^Xe （对）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.
新开千年私服了!
奇迹私服 
