英语语法的十六种时态 一、概况
Fw5r\J87c .*g;2.-qv& 一般时
SVo`p; 2r :+,qvu!M7 进行时
m"vV=6m| \ {:enoV" 完成时
0\U28zbMJw qO9_ e 完成进行时
t>v']a +k ,O(XNA(C 一般现在时 现在进行时 现在完成时 现在完成进行时 一般过去时 过去进行时 过去完成时 过去完成进行时 一般将来时 将来进行时 将来完成时 将来完成进行时 一般过去将来时 过去将来进行时 过去将来完成时 过去将来完成进行时
{ersXQ: J:mOg95< 二、十六种时态的谓语形势
aV(*BE/@F 一般时态 进行时态 完成时态 完成进行时态 现在 do/does am/is/are doing have/has done have/has been doing 过去 did was/were doing had done had been doing 将来 shall/will do shall/will be doing shall/will have done shall/will have been doing 过去将来 should/would do
}Gz"og*8 should/would be doing should/would have done should/would have been doing
xI~\15PhG 一般过去时的用法
N ]yk<55 D\V}Eo';6 1）表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。
>8tE`2[i* When I was a child, I often played football in the street.
nw5#/5xw Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.
D1O7S]j m9xu$z| e 2）句型：
a
k;Z; It is time for sb. to do sth "到……时间了" "该……了"
# G{T(0<F It is time sb. did sth. "时间已迟了" "早该……了"
y~S[0]y> It is time for you to go to bed. 你该睡觉了。
^L C5 orO It is time you went to bed. 你早该睡觉了。
>v<}$v6D~ would (had) rather sb. did sth. 表示'宁愿某人做某事'
T8hQ< \g I'd rather you came tomorrow.
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@g $oua]8! 3) wish, wonder, think, hope 等用过去时，作试探性的询问、请求、建议等。
Ol%*3To I thought you might have some. 我以为你想要一些。
q-8 GD7 @i)tQd!s 比较：
DU7Ki6 一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去，现已不复存在。
'FUPv61() Christine was an invalid all her life.
#/jHnRrQ (含义：她已不在人间。)
-=sxbs.aA Christine has been an invalid all her life.
gaCGU<L (含义：她现在还活着)
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?+ Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years.
Sl_zO?/PF (含义：达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)
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Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years.
h?1pGz)[C ( 含义：现在还住在肯塔基州，有可能指刚离去)
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注意： 用过去时表示现在，表示委婉语气。
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k2NF="o 1）动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。
Q.]
)yqX6 Did you want anything else?
.6 ; B3 I wondered if you could help me.
qlxW@| 2）情态动词 could, would.
-*Pt781 Could you lend me your bike?
{pg@J A 一般将来时
g`6wj|@ =W G7202(w
< w${=dW@K 1) shall用于第一人称，常被will 所代替。
<EUSl| 6 will 在陈述句中用于各人称，在争求意见时常用于第二人称。
mT>p:G Which paragraph shall I read first.
E 9:hK Will you be at home at seven this evening?
I q=B]oE ~
7Nyi dV; 2) be going to +不定式，表示将来。
5mNXWg7#] a. 主语的意图，即将做某事。
oI~Qo*4eh What are you going to do tomorrow?
wg.fo:Q b. 计划，安排要发生的事。
F s\P/YX the play is going to be produced next month。
vxT "BvN c. 有迹象要发生的事
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&N Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm.
JW [\"`x! \87J~K' 3) be +不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。
y ( We are to discuss the report next Saturday.
I<K/d &:#8ol(n5b 4) be about to +不定式，意为马上做某事。
}C"*ACjF He is about to leave for Beijing.
.l5 " X> 注意：be about to 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。
yN<fmi};c 现在进行时
,HkhK bQ 1 " 7#|=1/ ]U1,NhZu Mr. GREen is writing another novel.
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3^v (说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。)
sg"D;b:X She is learning piano under Mr. Smith.
9Pp|d"6]y c. 表示渐变的动词有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。
7jH`_58 the leaves are turning red.
a`~ eC)T It's getting warmer and warmer.
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: d. 与always, constantly, forever 等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观色彩。
H"rzRd; S You are always changing your mind.
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ou^nzm 典型例题
@IY?DO My dictionary ___, I have looked for it everywhere but still___ it.
Rw \C0' A. has lost, don't find B. is missing, don't find C. has lost, haven't found D. is missing, haven't found.
UnWGMo?JEi 答案D. 前句是一个仍在持续的状态，应用进行时，由于没有找到，其影响仍然存在，应用完成时，瞬间动词用于否定式时可用于完成时。
Wejwj/EU% 过去进行时
" I}Z 2 ?5v5:U(A 1） 概念：表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。
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N ,;iBeqr5 2） 过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。
51M^yG&M Kxl ,]
|e> 3) 常用的时间状语
C9F+e this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while
loUl$X.u z34>,0 >U~|R=* My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.
p + l_MB It was raining when they left the station.
ytve1<.Ff When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.
fcE)V#c" g 5{ FM#@ 典型例题
W~u 1) Mary ___ a dress when she cut her finger.
]`@]< 6 A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes
iTLW<wG 答案C. 割伤手指是已发生的事情，应用过去时。同 时，when表时间的同时性，"玛丽在做衣服时"提供事情发生的背景，因此用过去进行时。
MKe^_uF W ~Jzqp9g 2) As she ___ the newspaper, Granny ___ asleep.
JE sLF{ read； was falling B. was reading； fell C. was reading； was falling D. read；fell
^S#\O>GHP 答案B.句中的as = when, while，意为"当……之时"。描述一件事发生的背景时，用过去进行；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。句意为 "在她看报纸时，奶奶睡着了。"句中的 fell (fall的过去时)，是系动词，后跟形容词，如：fall sick。
`8Jq~u6_Z 比较过去时与现在完成时
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`N} ~ThVap[* p?V ?nCv1O Ak6MPuBB- 一般过去时的时间状语:
l`b1%0y yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具体的时间状语
Vd%v_Ek ~!Zm F(: 共同的时间状语:
=naR{pI this morning, tonight,this April, now, once，before, already, recently，lately
i*S|qX7`` 6 u -$ 现在完成时的时间状语
Zk=*7?!! for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always,
S9 G+#[.| 不确定的时间状语
*;hY.EuoFz U@6jOZ 3）现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.
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g 过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。
OXHvT/L` 举例：
9 Uh
a2 o I saw this film yesterday.
ZfPd0 p （强调看的动作发生过了。）
p$Kj<:qiP I have seen this film.
*u>lx !g （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）
/
O|:{LQ Why did you get up so early?
{O^TurbTFA （强调起床的动作已发生过了。）
I^ ~=,D Who hasn't handed in his paper?
mZ~ qG5@/F （强调有卷子，可能为不公平竞争。）
n /QfdAg She has returned from Paris.
2_;]
她已从巴黎回来了。
d0(Cn}m"c She returned yesterday.
Q}kfM^i 她是昨天回来了。
VeZey )Q He has been in the League for three years.
4%
HGM r (在团内的状态可延续)
bGv* -;
* He has been a League member for three years.
*>jjMy n (是团员的状态可持续)
''IoC j He joined the League three years ago.
&lAQ & ( 三年前入团，joined为短暂行为。)
[oV{8 3f I have finished my homework now.
6* IpAIh N
l@k*^ ---Will somebody go and get Dr. White?
Lf. 1>s ---He's already been sent for.
WsR+Np@c 句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。
6v to++ （错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.
t<nFy （对）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.
新开千年私服了!
奇迹私服 
