英语语法的十六种时态 一、概况
xhUQ.(S`r6 Ug_zyfr 一般时
oVl:./(IB hH"3 Y}U@ 进行时
px 4Z ]lz,?izMR 完成时
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M/UJb1< 完成进行时
-uv1$| ^o,@9GT s 一般现在时 现在进行时 现在完成时 现在完成进行时 一般过去时 过去进行时 过去完成时 过去完成进行时 一般将来时 将来进行时 将来完成时 将来完成进行时 一般过去将来时 过去将来进行时 过去将来完成时 过去将来完成进行时
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@q^WD_k 二、十六种时态的谓语形势
m?[F)<~a 一般时态 进行时态 完成时态 完成进行时态 现在 do/does am/is/are doing have/has done have/has been doing 过去 did was/were doing had done had been doing 将来 shall/will do shall/will be doing shall/will have done shall/will have been doing 过去将来 should/would do
^4s#nf:} should/would be doing should/would have done should/would have been doing
'?3Hy|} 一般过去时的用法
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*T 1）表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。
P Cw.NJd$ When I was a child, I often played football in the street.
s)]|zu0"Ku Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.
L0+@{GP? {tWfLfzU 2）句型：
)}paQmy# It is time for sb. to do sth "到……时间了" "该……了"
^GRd;v =-@ It is time sb. did sth. "时间已迟了" "早该……了"
YjHGdacs It is time for you to go to bed. 你该睡觉了。
ty-4yK# It is time you went to bed. 你早该睡觉了。
=q6yb@ would (had) rather sb. did sth. 表示'宁愿某人做某事'
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LjD I'd rather you came tomorrow.
?5/Sa N18Zsdrp 3) wish, wonder, think, hope 等用过去时，作试探性的询问、请求、建议等。
6 1gZZM I thought you might have some. 我以为你想要一些。
B'~.>, fg @ <alWBS 比较：
E"u>&uPH 一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去，现已不复存在。
0 'L+9T5 Christine was an invalid all her life.
V2. MZ9 (含义：她已不在人间。)
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66z1_ lA (含义：她现在还活着)
vLkZC Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years.
lW >bX C (含义：达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)
1 lMU('r% Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years.
W6wgX0H ( 含义：现在还住在肯塔基州，有可能指刚离去)
jfgAI7;b tSQ>P -O 注意： 用过去时表示现在，表示委婉语气。
tWc!!Hf2j 1）动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。
\UK 9 Did you want anything else?
N^`F_R1Z I wondered if you could help me.
1[B?nk 2）情态动词 could, would.
v)X1R/z5xw Could you lend me your bike?
.O lq_wuH 一般将来时
r0S"}<8O eR 5swy & C\EV $U, 1) shall用于第一人称，常被will 所代替。
ea7v:#O[S will 在陈述句中用于各人称，在争求意见时常用于第二人称。
B23R9.FK Which paragraph shall I read first.
n DaQ1 Will you be at home at seven this evening?
_=, [5 " ?b2%\p`" 2) be going to +不定式，表示将来。
?M\ 3n5; a. 主语的意图，即将做某事。
Yo:>m *31 What are you going to do tomorrow?
7?cZ9^z`w b. 计划，安排要发生的事。
WKmGw^ the play is going to be produced next month。
3QGg; c. 有迹象要发生的事
b/ur!2yr Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm.
v>0xHQD*<M VJJw"4DJ 3) be +不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。
I_Oa<J\+ We are to discuss the report next Saturday.
R+, tn,<< iVnrv`k, 4) be about to +不定式，意为马上做某事。
}U+gJkY2 He is about to leave for Beijing.
,/JrQWgD 注意：be about to 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。
b6oPnP_3P 现在进行时
8a e]tX5$ b lxH`O! m.S@ e8kS Mr. GREen is writing another novel.
/1Rm^s)2z (说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。)
d) G7U$z~ She is learning piano under Mr. Smith.
)SUT+x(DU c. 表示渐变的动词有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。
_0^<) OSY the leaves are turning red.
Uj6R?E{Jt It's getting warmer and warmer.
B 2&fvv? d. 与always, constantly, forever 等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观色彩。
ZYrd;9zB You are always changing your mind.
bIe>j*VPh@ ;c<:"ad( 典型例题
S1 %{/w My dictionary ___, I have looked for it everywhere but still___ it.
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gX li) A. has lost, don't find B. is missing, don't find C. has lost, haven't found D. is missing, haven't found.
:]e:-JbT4z 答案D. 前句是一个仍在持续的状态，应用进行时，由于没有找到，其影响仍然存在，应用完成时，瞬间动词用于否定式时可用于完成时。
A^%z;( 0p 过去进行时
N;RZIg(x tSE6m - 1） 概念：表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。
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8{A> 2） 过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。
uoaF(F- *sB=Ys? 3) 常用的时间状语
eJ$?T7aUf this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while
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sXi6^ My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.
SM! [ yC It was raining when they left the station.
09%q/-$ When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.
htlsU*x 24 1YJ 典型例题
QH~/UnV 1) Mary ___ a dress when she cut her finger.
dFo9O!YX[f A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes
aW4 tJN%! 答案C. 割伤手指是已发生的事情，应用过去时。同 时，when表时间的同时性，"玛丽在做衣服时"提供事情发生的背景，因此用过去进行时。
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uSM4:!8 2) As she ___ the newspaper, Granny ___ asleep.
RZm 5[n read； was falling B. was reading； fell C. was reading； was falling D. read；fell
@Mt6O _V 答案B.句中的as = when, while，意为"当……之时"。描述一件事发生的背景时，用过去进行；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。句意为 "在她看报纸时，奶奶睡着了。"句中的 fell (fall的过去时)，是系动词，后跟形容词，如：fall sick。
2~ Gcoda 比较过去时与现在完成时
n*@^c$&P yTkYPx \QHe 0?6 zrRt0}?xl 一般过去时的时间状语:
Q*( ]&qr"E yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具体的时间状语
N;Hrc6nin^ b (;"p-^ 共同的时间状语:
NT= ?@uxD this morning, tonight,this April, now, once，before, already, recently，lately
CH`4FR.- 8T$:^HW 现在完成时的时间状语
WI[6 l6 for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always,
s2b!Nib 不确定的时间状语
@<W"$_ r- "&Q-'L!M'/ 3）现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.
mr E ^D| 过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。
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Ic ;9 举例：
Q%o I saw this film yesterday.
e0(loWq ] （强调看的动作发生过了。）
}Jh!B| I have seen this film.
D3 ;^!ln]D （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）
B/i,QBPF] Why did you get up so early?
1nBE8
N （强调起床的动作已发生过了。）
T>kJB.V:oQ Who hasn't handed in his paper?
qI:}3b;T （强调有卷子，可能为不公平竞争。）
K )KE0/ n She has returned from Paris.
, $78\B^ 她已从巴黎回来了。
}1N)3~ She returned yesterday.
EOVHTDkKf 她是昨天回来了。
kS/Zb3 He has been in the League for three years.
PKwHq<vAsB (在团内的状态可延续)
csH1X/3ha\ He has been a League member for three years.
M\e%GJ0 (是团员的状态可持续)
u2 -%~Rlo He joined the League three years ago.
< ynm A ( 三年前入团，joined为短暂行为。)
X<,sc;"b`k I have finished my homework now.
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<=D .u *2=:(OK ---Will somebody go and get Dr. White?
1i2jYDB" ---He's already been sent for.
q,0o:nI 句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。
]*[S# Jk （错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.
uH65 DI< （对）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.
新开千年私服了!
奇迹私服 
