英语语法的十六种时态 一、概况
dB^J}_wp dxUq5`#G, 一般时
z!D >l (ZT*EFhb( 进行时
LN" bGe no)Spo' 完成时
IP-CN .A&Ey5 完成进行时
)p(5$AR7 %pt ul_(s' 一般现在时 现在进行时 现在完成时 现在完成进行时 一般过去时 过去进行时 过去完成时 过去完成进行时 一般将来时 将来进行时 将来完成时 将来完成进行时 一般过去将来时 过去将来进行时 过去将来完成时 过去将来完成进行时
hy3[MOD$G /n/U)!tp 二、十六种时态的谓语形势
f/eT4y 一般时态 进行时态 完成时态 完成进行时态 现在 do/does am/is/are doing have/has done have/has been doing 过去 did was/were doing had done had been doing 将来 shall/will do shall/will be doing shall/will have done shall/will have been doing 过去将来 should/would do
D2[uex should/would be doing should/would have done should/would have been doing
B#B$w_z 一般过去时的用法
A
WMR0I xAjLn*d|N 1)表示在过去一段时间内,经常性或习惯性的动作。
w`c9_V When I was a child, I often played football in the street.
D7 [n^WtL Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.
|\XjA4j C!Y|k.`p 2)句型:
G>YJ3p7 It is time for sb. to do sth "到……时间了" "该……了"
V%<<Udu< It is time sb. did sth. "时间已迟了" "早该……了"
^ Gq2"rDM It is time for you to go to bed. 你该睡觉了。
gD@ &/j7 It is time you went to bed. 你早该睡觉了。
[I4K`>|Z would (had) rather sb. did sth. 表示'宁愿某人做某事'
~SUA.YuF I'd rather you came tomorrow.
'R*xg2!i \&&kUpI 3) wish, wonder, think, hope 等用过去时,作试探性的询问、请求、建议等。
QKwWX_3%Z] I thought you might have some. 我以为你想要一些。
Gyjx:EM pyT+ba# 比较:
c1jHg2xim 一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去,现已不复存在。
)gmDxD
^C Christine was an invalid all her life.
Jk}L+X
vv (含义:她已不在人间。)
69dFd!G\ Christine has been an invalid all her life.
bhOyx (含义:她现在还活着)
YRG+I GX Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years.
N>/*)Frt (含义:达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)
zv@'x
nY] Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years.
79s6U^vv" ( 含义:现在还住在肯塔基州,有可能指刚离去)
"f!*%SR:
1 8MX/GF;F 注意: 用过去时表示现在,表示委婉语气。
mIFS/C 1)动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。
_8 vxb Did you want anything else?
>,@Fz)\:{' I wondered if you could help me.
D8m?`^Zz 2)情态动词 could, would.
x^+ C[% Could you lend me your bike?
+A~lPXAXW 一般将来时
<j:3<''o [O"i!AQ P^rSpS9 1) shall用于第一人称,常被will 所代替。
k{c~ will 在陈述句中用于各人称,在争求意见时常用于第二人称。
By3dRiM=,2 Which paragraph shall I read first.
O3bK>9<K Will you be at home at seven this evening?
oxO}m7ULH K8
|6r|x 2) be going to +不定式,表示将来。
II>X6 a. 主语的意图,即将做某事。
'3+S5p8 What are you going to do tomorrow?
7w>"M b. 计划,安排要发生的事。
oYJ&BPuA' the play is going to be produced next month。
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c. 有迹象要发生的事
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Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm.
2<ef&?ljk _&
KaI }O 3) be +不定式表将来,按计划或正式安排将发生的事。
<>j,Q We are to discuss the report next Saturday.
'kH#QO\(e" }-r"W7]k 4) be about to +不定式,意为马上做某事。
6b<t|zb He is about to leave for Beijing.
&cpRB&bf 注意:be about to 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。
Z
NCq/ 现在进行时
)B}]0`z:P |I OTW=> QO#ZQ~ Mr. GREen is writing another novel.
8$G$Rdn (说话时并未在写,只处于写作的状态。)
}}_WZ},h She is learning piano under Mr. Smith.
;H:qDBH c. 表示渐变的动词有:get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。
da I-* the leaves are turning red.
#(
kT It's getting warmer and warmer.
KpwUp5K d. 与always, constantly, forever 等词连用,表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态,往往带有说话人的主观色彩。
29av8eW?3 You are always changing your mind.
<m@U`RFm NoKYHN^*w 典型例题
(qPZEZKx My dictionary ___, I have looked for it everywhere but still___ it.
IloHU6h' A. has lost, don't find B. is missing, don't find C. has lost, haven't found D. is missing, haven't found.
Q| xPm: 答案D. 前句是一个仍在持续的状态,应用进行时,由于没有找到,其影响仍然存在,应用完成时,瞬间动词用于否定式时可用于完成时。
pkk0?$l", 过去进行时
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y&L, .S5&MNE 1) 概念:表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。
Q2fa]*Z5 wkIH<w|jb 2) 过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景;一个长动作发生的时候,另一个短动作发生。
DD~8:\QD F'*{Fk
h 3) 常用的时间状语
Q7Dkh
KT this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while
Y:byb68 $hE X, q-!m|<Z My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.
#MBYa&Tw7 It was raining when they left the station.
HX=`kkX When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.
z!F?#L5 `[:f;2(@ 典型例题
;e[-t/SI 1) Mary ___ a dress when she cut her finger.
9wI1/> A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes
e8gD(T 答案C. 割伤手指是已发生的事情,应用过去时。同 时,when表时间的同时性,"玛丽在做衣服时"提供事情发生的背景,因此用过去进行时。
h\20
oR5`- 2) As she ___ the newspaper, Granny ___ asleep.
QzV:^!0J read; was falling B. was reading; fell C. was reading; was falling D. read;fell
0&w.QoZY( 答案B.句中的as = when, while,意为"当……之时"。描述一件事发生的背景时,用过去进行;一个长动作发生的时候,另一个短动作发生。句意为 "在她看报纸时,奶奶睡着了。"句中的 fell (fall的过去时),是系动词,后跟形容词,如:fall sick。
IRcZyry 比较过去时与现在完成时
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ovMan JM!o(zbt p~M^' k=d ,rG$JCS'KQ 一般过去时的时间状语:
T$RZRZo yesterday, last week,…ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具体的时间状语
Ao=.=0os //AS44^IS 共同的时间状语:
,H.q%!{h_ this morning, tonight,this April, now, once,before, already, recently,lately
q,+d\-+ *xt3mv/<z 现在完成时的时间状语
[S*bN!t for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always,
:;]6\/ky 不确定的时间状语
vu1F {HQ? 3)现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态,动词一般是延续性的,如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.
sH#UM(N 过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。
CB6<Vng}C 举例:
\/'u(|G I saw this film yesterday.
Oi=kL{DG:s (强调看的动作发生过了。)
LL.YkYu I have seen this film.
4WDh8U (强调对现在的影响,电影的内容已经知道了。)
XG*Luc-v Why did you get up so early?
$\{@wL (强调起床的动作已发生过了。)
aQw?r Who hasn't handed in his paper?
>8HcCG (强调有卷子,可能为不公平竞争。)
91e&-acA She has returned from Paris.
I=|b3- 她已从巴黎回来了。
E_7N^htv She returned yesterday.
= K}5 fe 她是昨天回来了。
A2g+m He has been in the League for three years.
TDk' (在团内的状态可延续)
)<t5' +d% He has been a League member for three years.
eDgRYa9\ (是团员的状态可持续)
mKQ!@$* He joined the League three years ago.
U,~\}$<I ( 三年前入团,joined为短暂行为。)
PiP\T.XANa I have finished my homework now.
OT&J OTk\ LaG./+IP ---Will somebody go and get Dr. White?
"FwbhD0Gb ---He's already been sent for.
|^[]Oy= 句子中如有过去时的时间副词(如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960)时,不能使用现在完成时,要用过去时。
d@<(Z7| (错)Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.
T;IaVMFG|d (对)Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.
新开千年私服了!
奇迹私服