英语语法的十六种时态 一、概况
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vk@8 E{}Vi>@V? 一般时
BHJS. o*j~ = K3NKPUI 进行时
L<_zQ )P
#MUC 完成时
Qs;MEt 1 4?.L+wL 完成进行时
TqTz p+; La 一般现在时 现在进行时 现在完成时 现在完成进行时 一般过去时 过去进行时 过去完成时 过去完成进行时 一般将来时 将来进行时 将来完成时 将来完成进行时 一般过去将来时 过去将来进行时 过去将来完成时 过去将来完成进行时
-9^A,vX y rmi:=N( 二、十六种时态的谓语形势
%S]g8O[}nl 一般时态 进行时态 完成时态 完成进行时态 现在 do/does am/is/are doing have/has done have/has been doing 过去 did was/were doing had done had been doing 将来 shall/will do shall/will be doing shall/will have done shall/will have been doing 过去将来 should/would do
8 ;o*c6+ should/would be doing should/would have done should/would have been doing
lbiMB~rwI 一般过去时的用法
hO0g3^ zM!2JC 1）表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。
]c\d][R N When I was a child, I often played football in the street.
*1CZRfWI Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.
R>dd#`r" I# 9q^,,F 2）句型：
R/?ZbMn]! It is time for sb. to do sth "到……时间了" "该……了"
&M*f4PeXb It is time sb. did sth. "时间已迟了" "早该……了"
q-TDg0 It is time for you to go to bed. 你该睡觉了。
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It is time you went to bed. 你早该睡觉了。
*PF=dx<8 would (had) rather sb. did sth. 表示'宁愿某人做某事'
^{l$>e] I'd rather you came tomorrow.
s|d"2w6t g0>Q* x 3) wish, wonder, think, hope 等用过去时，作试探性的询问、请求、建议等。
^@OdY& 5^ I thought you might have some. 我以为你想要一些。
Q+a "Z ^Z| OO*2>Qy~z 比较：
>S'IrnH'! 一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去，现已不复存在。
sX,S]:X Christine was an invalid all her life.
MyaJhA6c (含义：她已不在人间。)
nD\H$5>5 Christine has been an invalid all her life.
6
Eyinv (含义：她现在还活着)
MeW?z|x`' Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years.
l" +q&3Zx (含义：达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)
a<CACWsN.T Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years.
B\Uocn
( 含义：现在还住在肯塔基州，有可能指刚离去)
V2LvE.Kj YuFR*W;$ 注意： 用过去时表示现在，表示委婉语气。
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r:7NvZ 1）动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。
-T{G8@V0 I Did you want anything else?
U6F1QLSLz I wondered if you could help me.
IA680^ 2）情态动词 could, would.
AH?4 F" Could you lend me your bike?
x4-_K% 一般将来时
OZ, Xu&N QJ2D C D hD^w;f] 1) shall用于第一人称，常被will 所代替。
}No8t o will 在陈述句中用于各人称，在争求意见时常用于第二人称。
~|( eh9 Which paragraph shall I read first.
I`;SA~5 Will you be at home at seven this evening?
U X%J?;g 0sI7UK`m 2) be going to +不定式，表示将来。
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r$E:kr a. 主语的意图，即将做某事。
|dhKe g_ What are you going to do tomorrow?
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8 b. 计划，安排要发生的事。
"/Pq/\,R| the play is going to be produced next month。
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l= c c. 有迹象要发生的事
L}6!D zl Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm.
O i<yT"7 U=PTn(2 3) be +不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。
(d T Q,0 We are to discuss the report next Saturday.
p0h E`! Raf(m,o( 4) be about to +不定式，意为马上做某事。
xZA.<Yd^r He is about to leave for Beijing.
1>Q4&1Vn 注意：be about to 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。
Z
)md]Twt 现在进行时
HI7w@V8Ed " = 6kH, Xw 3j(`w$, Mr. GREen is writing another novel.
HoK+g_9~ (说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。)
N(V_P[]"*, She is learning piano under Mr. Smith.
)D ~ 5 c. 表示渐变的动词有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。
b0Dco 0U( the leaves are turning red.
51Vqbtj^ It's getting warmer and warmer.
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z d. 与always, constantly, forever 等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观色彩。
`]^W#6l You are always changing your mind.
'$), i>6gJ c0Pj})- 典型例题
3?&v:H My dictionary ___, I have looked for it everywhere but still___ it.
R9!U _RH A. has lost, don't find B. is missing, don't find C. has lost, haven't found D. is missing, haven't found.
.>z1BP:( 答案D. 前句是一个仍在持续的状态，应用进行时，由于没有找到，其影响仍然存在，应用完成时，瞬间动词用于否定式时可用于完成时。
V0BT./ B\< 过去进行时
@<`V q N`?|~g3 1） 概念：表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。
NGJst_ D, Gv nfY 2） 过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。
~(8f Uob Yxbg _RQm 3) 常用的时间状语
yjsj+K
pL this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while
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Oe K_~kL0=4 } C: i0Q My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.
g?Tev^D It was raining when they left the station.
0KTO )K When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.
^b$_I31D x"g)pGsT 典型例题
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$o@ 1) Mary ___ a dress when she cut her finger.
"w%:5~u 9 A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes
e5 L_<V^Jo 答案C. 割伤手指是已发生的事情，应用过去时。同 时，when表时间的同时性，"玛丽在做衣服时"提供事情发生的背景，因此用过去进行时。
?_d6 ; CgmAxcK 2) As she ___ the newspaper, Granny ___ asleep.
^8_yJ=~V read； was falling B. was reading； fell C. was reading； was falling D. read；fell
IdN3Ea] 答案B.句中的as = when, while，意为"当……之时"。描述一件事发生的背景时，用过去进行；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。句意为 "在她看报纸时，奶奶睡着了。"句中的 fell (fall的过去时)，是系动词，后跟形容词，如：fall sick。
&3Yj2 Fw 比较过去时与现在完成时
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A&)2m nq HpYb6I0 f)j*P<V 一般过去时的时间状语:
DqT<bNR1*; yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具体的时间状语
:ujpLIjvVG xYCJO(& 共同的时间状语:
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i (T2c this morning, tonight,this April, now, once，before, already, recently，lately
n"T ^ : M Y=Q]l 现在完成时的时间状语
P*BRebL : for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always,
Qy0w'L/@ 不确定的时间状语
hdCd:6 .FHk1~\%z^ 3）现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.
y ;Cs#eo 过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。
Y 4 HN1 举例：
RW+u5Y I saw this film yesterday.
MGsQF #6] （强调看的动作发生过了。）
myR{ }G I have seen this film.
4h@,hY1# （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）
TLVsTM8 P Why did you get up so early?
\ /YRhQ （强调起床的动作已发生过了。）
sFz0:SqhE Who hasn't handed in his paper?
9>w~B|/ （强调有卷子，可能为不公平竞争。）
}W8A1-UF She has returned from Paris.
nK :YbLdK, 她已从巴黎回来了。
&>,]YrU She returned yesterday.
2$5">%? 她是昨天回来了。
r[i^tIv6As He has been in the League for three years.
$ u bU" (在团内的状态可延续)
v#qd q!64 He has been a League member for three years.
qx5`lm~L (是团员的状态可持续)
* ) <+u~ He joined the League three years ago.
l; _IH|A ( 三年前入团，joined为短暂行为。)
_x <NGIz I have finished my homework now.
;yomaAr U_"!\lI_yg ---Will somebody go and get Dr. White?
"a)6g0gw ---He's already been sent for.
\uOM,98xS 句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。
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!bf （错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.
U<w8jVE （对）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.
新开千年私服了!
奇迹私服 
