英语语法的十六种时态 一、概况
%a%x`S3 @/i;/$\ 一般时
Fm(~Vt;%u nQ4 s 进行时
7'pCFeA>=T et|QW;*L 完成时
p!^ .;c 9U1cH qV 完成进行时
}t!,{ZryE1 44T>Yp09 一般现在时 现在进行时 现在完成时 现在完成进行时 一般过去时 过去进行时 过去完成时 过去完成进行时 一般将来时 将来进行时 将来完成时 将来完成进行时 一般过去将来时 过去将来进行时 过去将来完成时 过去将来完成进行时
!e?;f=1+E `$j"nP F_ 二、十六种时态的谓语形势
EU?)AxH^ 一般时态 进行时态 完成时态 完成进行时态 现在 do/does am/is/are doing have/has done have/has been doing 过去 did was/were doing had done had been doing 将来 shall/will do shall/will be doing shall/will have done shall/will have been doing 过去将来 should/would do
u4QPO:,a4 should/would be doing should/would have done should/would have been doing
G0p|44_~t 一般过去时的用法
z(]1425 0 Bw2-4K\"kc 1）表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。
q] F2bo When I was a child, I often played football in the street.
g3 ~e#vdz Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.
S ;DqM;Q nbM[?=WS 2）句型：
lA[BV7.=7 It is time for sb. to do sth "到……时间了" "该……了"
J@RhbsZn It is time sb. did sth. "时间已迟了" "早该……了"
P_11N9C It is time for you to go to bed. 你该睡觉了。
+*"u(7AV It is time you went to bed. 你早该睡觉了。
V_pWf5F would (had) rather sb. did sth. 表示'宁愿某人做某事'
g.-{=kZ
I'd rather you came tomorrow.
}C1&}h Z M\5aJ:cQ+ 3) wish, wonder, think, hope 等用过去时，作试探性的询问、请求、建议等。
b 4`t, D I thought you might have some. 我以为你想要一些。
@]r,cPx0Y ;Awt: jF 比较：
3 @XkO 一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去，现已不复存在。
f0rM 4" 1 Christine was an invalid all her life.
d?dZ=]~ C (含义：她已不在人间。)
M0[7>N _ Christine has been an invalid all her life.
dh r)ra] (含义：她现在还活着)
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(Sb! Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years.
)cnH %6X (含义：达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)
?@"F\Bv<h Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years.
dg[ &5D1Q ( 含义：现在还住在肯塔基州，有可能指刚离去)
+3]1AJa $10"lM[ 注意： 用过去时表示现在，表示委婉语气。
kSJWXNC 1）动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。
O_%X>Q9 Did you want anything else?
H4C ]%Q I wondered if you could help me.
v x qsK 2）情态动词 could, would.
zu8 Could you lend me your bike?
-4du`dg 一般将来时
pVgzU u7 u#9 H %JUD54bBt 1) shall用于第一人称，常被will 所代替。
8nzDLFxp_ will 在陈述句中用于各人称，在争求意见时常用于第二人称。
RsnK
B / Which paragraph shall I read first.
9H^$cM9C Will you be at home at seven this evening?
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B {~Qe; # .1+-^TQk 2) be going to +不定式，表示将来。
V~nqPh!Jc a. 主语的意图，即将做某事。
h- )tW J c What are you going to do tomorrow?
/2 V b. 计划，安排要发生的事。
R@ksYC3 F the play is going to be produced next month。
u7Z-kZ c. 有迹象要发生的事
Tj0qq . Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm.
90R z#qrI* #8xP,2&zf 3) be +不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。
mdzUL
d5J We are to discuss the report next Saturday.
be^+X[ *@; Pns]L- 4) be about to +不定式，意为马上做某事。
@\ udaZ c He is about to leave for Beijing.
d @d\9*mn 注意：be about to 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。
r.WQ6h/eZ5 现在进行时
EA# {N< +!"GYPUXy "pRi1Y5)l Mr. GREen is writing another novel.
' ozu4y (说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。)
t3P$UR % She is learning piano under Mr. Smith.
$U*b;'o c. 表示渐变的动词有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。
E\/J& . the leaves are turning red.
B183h It's getting warmer and warmer.
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[S)A0O d. 与always, constantly, forever 等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观色彩。
W!Qaa(o? You are always changing your mind.
}0okyGg>q obzdH:S 典型例题
z^,P2kqK_ My dictionary ___, I have looked for it everywhere but still___ it.
_P}wO8 A. has lost, don't find B. is missing, don't find C. has lost, haven't found D. is missing, haven't found.
\&XtPQ 答案D. 前句是一个仍在持续的状态，应用进行时，由于没有找到，其影响仍然存在，应用完成时，瞬间动词用于否定式时可用于完成时。
_keI0ML-# 过去进行时
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p 1） 概念：表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。
(C9{|T+h ~pt#'65}: 2） 过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。
qk}Mb_*C) xofx E4. 3) 常用的时间状语
z
k m#w this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while
Z,_EhEm Nu,t,&B
7X{@$>+S My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.
w+][L||4c It was raining when they left the station.
o K@_
When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.
Hfo /\\ !QsmT3 典型例题
:"Gd;~p. 1) Mary ___ a dress when she cut her finger.
Yu+;vjbK- A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes
Ha/Gn
!l 答案C. 割伤手指是已发生的事情，应用过去时。同 时，when表时间的同时性，"玛丽在做衣服时"提供事情发生的背景，因此用过去进行时。
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2) As she ___ the newspaper, Granny ___ asleep.
Hd $ {I", read； was falling B. was reading； fell C. was reading； was falling D. read；fell
z{ (c-7* 答案B.句中的as = when, while，意为"当……之时"。描述一件事发生的背景时，用过去进行；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。句意为 "在她看报纸时，奶奶睡着了。"句中的 fell (fall的过去时)，是系动词，后跟形容词，如：fall sick。
:F.eyA|#@G 比较过去时与现在完成时
0?w4 {C'9?4& zwgO|Qg; ]L;X A j? 一般过去时的时间状语:
1Gp| _8 yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具体的时间状语
A 6j>KTU }kF*I @:g 共同的时间状语:
' fka?lL this morning, tonight,this April, now, once，before, already, recently，lately
=SK{|fBB 8z`Ne(h; 现在完成时的时间状语
>U6 2vX" for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always,
_xdFQ 不确定的时间状语
PbIi r= NGAja jB 3）现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.
;T|hNsSt 过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。
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!zdV 举例：
$@eFSA5k,7 I saw this film yesterday.
)(DX]Tr ` （强调看的动作发生过了。）
3.V-r59 I have seen this film.
~Aoo\fN_U （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）
_ Bq [c Why did you get up so early?
xf 4`+[ （强调起床的动作已发生过了。）
!A #(bC Who hasn't handed in his paper?
t 4FaU7 （强调有卷子，可能为不公平竞争。）
822 jZ
sb She has returned from Paris.
r=: o$e 她已从巴黎回来了。
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2wv#- She returned yesterday.
gB}UzEj^<
她是昨天回来了。
* S\/l-D He has been in the League for three years.
DS>qth (在团内的状态可延续)
Qh!h " ] He has been a League member for three years.
I>%@[h,+ (是团员的状态可持续)
]?n~?dD{] He joined the League three years ago.
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Z;d ( 三年前入团，joined为短暂行为。)
f }? q I have finished my homework now.
YN($rAkL XZ1WY( ---Will somebody go and get Dr. White?
sI#r3:?i
---He's already been sent for.
="AJ &BqHd 句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。
` '}c-
Q （错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.
< |c[
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（对）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.
新开千年私服了!
奇迹私服 
