英语语法的十六种时态 一、概况
g]jCR*] W4$F\y 一般时
8XD_p);Oy hFMT @Gy 进行时
n7pjj )}1S
`*J/O 完成时
c XbQ yeI c Q% 完成进行时
S)x5.vo^ QSyPtjg] 一般现在时 现在进行时 现在完成时 现在完成进行时 一般过去时 过去进行时 过去完成时 过去完成进行时 一般将来时 将来进行时 将来完成时 将来完成进行时 一般过去将来时 过去将来进行时 过去将来完成时 过去将来完成进行时
U(5 Y g 2q ~y\fe 二、十六种时态的谓语形势
'wVi>{? 一般时态 进行时态 完成时态 完成进行时态 现在 do/does am/is/are doing have/has done have/has been doing 过去 did was/were doing had done had been doing 将来 shall/will do shall/will be doing shall/will have done shall/will have been doing 过去将来 should/would do
8K2=WY N should/would be doing should/would have done should/would have been doing
Vr hd \ 一般过去时的用法
6"/4@?
I 8VCR8q 1）表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。
g[(Eh?]Sc When I was a child, I often played football in the street.
,P^4??' o Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.
+
lZvj=gW tg C)vZ&a 2）句型：
h@ fF ` It is time for sb. to do sth "到……时间了" "该……了"
JzmX~|=Xi It is time sb. did sth. "时间已迟了" "早该……了"
d$:LUxM# It is time for you to go to bed. 你该睡觉了。
=H 8Y It is time you went to bed. 你早该睡觉了。
lQ#='Jqfp would (had) rather sb. did sth. 表示'宁愿某人做某事'
rY295Q I'd rather you came tomorrow.
?<1~KLPMhY g9gi7.'0 3) wish, wonder, think, hope 等用过去时，作试探性的询问、请求、建议等。
9*2
^2GR^; I thought you might have some. 我以为你想要一些。
_&aPF/
i0 rh {Ko 比较：
a;=IOQ 一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去，现已不复存在。
, FR/X/8 Christine was an invalid all her life.
*vOk21z77d (含义：她已不在人间。)
F
h+g@ u6 Christine has been an invalid all her life.
Z6 E_Y? (含义：她现在还活着)
CT
JwZY7 Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years.
R)6"P?h._4 (含义：达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)
A+hA'0isF@ Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years.
JC
iB;!y ( 含义：现在还住在肯塔基州，有可能指刚离去)
MzE1he1 009Q#[A 注意： 用过去时表示现在，表示委婉语气。
\i3)/sZ?l 1）动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。
"6gBbm Did you want anything else?
p#6t KY; N I wondered if you could help me.
S
=G2%u!; 2）情态动词 could, would.
y7x*:xR [ Could you lend me your bike?
|q
c <C&O 一般将来时
q^ h/64F X n02p,, D B(!*6#? 1) shall用于第一人称，常被will 所代替。
p3 V?n[/} will 在陈述句中用于各人称，在争求意见时常用于第二人称。
(U@$gkUx}G Which paragraph shall I read first.
b8!
Will you be at home at seven this evening?
Qh+zs^-? O=oIk vg 2) be going to +不定式，表示将来。
~-#Jcw$+n= a. 主语的意图，即将做某事。
ZE9.r` What are you going to do tomorrow?
E6zPN?\ < b. 计划，安排要发生的事。
gv1y%(`|n( the play is going to be produced next month。
< ==6fc>s c. 有迹象要发生的事
AF>t{rw=/ Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm.
&Tg~A 9y\ vRH2[{ KQ9 3) be +不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。
~_
u3_d. We are to discuss the report next Saturday.
& Bqu2^^ dSe d 6 4) be about to +不定式，意为马上做某事。
GP;N1/ = He is about to leave for Beijing.
z\$( @:{A 注意：be about to 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。
}G<~C
x5[ 现在进行时
w~yC^` sKk+^.K}| 1iqgVby Mr. GREen is writing another novel.
E6z&pM8<8 (说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。)
)S;3WnQ) She is learning piano under Mr. Smith.
#q W#>0U c. 表示渐变的动词有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。
AH_qZTv0{Q the leaves are turning red.
Tgh?=]H It's getting warmer and warmer.
U u C-R) d. 与always, constantly, forever 等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观色彩。
$ Ggnn# You are always changing your mind.
? a)Fm8Y Pm,
.[5uc 典型例题
=3!o _ My dictionary ___, I have looked for it everywhere but still___ it.
`?b'.Z_J A. has lost, don't find B. is missing, don't find C. has lost, haven't found D. is missing, haven't found.
a&UzIF dB 答案D. 前句是一个仍在持续的状态，应用进行时，由于没有找到，其影响仍然存在，应用完成时，瞬间动词用于否定式时可用于完成时。
g@T}h [ 过去进行时
\>G}DGz
XMd CQ= 1） 概念：表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。
ZCV i ZWo sG)aw`_j 2） 过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。
xaVn.&Wl -m@PqJF^ 3) 常用的时间状语
gS8+S\2 this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while
v5@M 34 )(_NFpM o OC&w0 My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.
v$w}UC%uf It was raining when they left the station.
P+= m. When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.
LrT EF
j V1pBKr)v 典型例题
l1KgPRmEP 1) Mary ___ a dress when she cut her finger.
0{vH . b
@ A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes
ir"t@"Y;o 答案C. 割伤手指是已发生的事情，应用过去时。同 时，when表时间的同时性，"玛丽在做衣服时"提供事情发生的背景，因此用过去进行时。
zBu@a:E%H gPb.%^ p 2) As she ___ the newspaper, Granny ___ asleep.
i q oXku read； was falling B. was reading； fell C. was reading； was falling D. read；fell
=J)<Nx.gA 答案B.句中的as = when, while，意为"当……之时"。描述一件事发生的背景时，用过去进行；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。句意为 "在她看报纸时，奶奶睡着了。"句中的 fell (fall的过去时)，是系动词，后跟形容词，如：fall sick。
%y|pVN!U 比较过去时与现在完成时
^L)TfI_n b9m`y*My {-8Nq`w {\CWoFht> 一般过去时的时间状语:
3Ovx)qKxd yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具体的时间状语
;Q^>F6+_m 0<a|=
kZ 共同的时间状语:
A [ncwJ
this morning, tonight,this April, now, once，before, already, recently，lately
vdC 0tax M\a{2f7'n 现在完成时的时间状语
{59
>U~ for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always,
!'p
<Kh[i 不确定的时间状语
q,O_y<uw T3@2e0u ) 3）现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.
;V s2 e 过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。
t(6] j#5 举例：
D
5n
\h5 I saw this film yesterday.
H-+U^@w （强调看的动作发生过了。）
#Iv KI+" I have seen this film.
Zk((VZ (y （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）
G3io!XM)D Why did you get up so early?
gr zmW4Cw （强调起床的动作已发生过了。）
Gd_0FF . Who hasn't handed in his paper?
o>C,Db~L/ （强调有卷子，可能为不公平竞争。）
m+;U,[%[*E She has returned from Paris.
''@Tke3IG6 她已从巴黎回来了。
V 97ORI She returned yesterday.
4@3 \Ihv 她是昨天回来了。
S' ,h*e He has been in the League for three years.
PL{lYexJ (在团内的状态可延续)
* @]wT ' He has been a League member for three years.
9 d a=q (是团员的状态可持续)
%xC L&}bY He joined the League three years ago.
0*b8?e ( 三年前入团，joined为短暂行为。)
i@nRZ$ K I have finished my homework now.
XXum2eA v77UE"4|c ---Will somebody go and get Dr. White?
94PI ---He's already been sent for.
X-( (
[A 句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。
m_oUl(pk （错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.
=Pw{1m|k （对）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.
新开千年私服了!
奇迹私服 
