英语语法的十六种时态 一、概况
u@Gum|_=N d+P<ce2 G 一般时
aU +uPP xg%{p` ` 进行时
vIi&D; oVuIHb0w 完成时
!U5Cwq hBZh0x y 完成进行时
~>]Ie~E: ( 1jSmTI d 一般现在时 现在进行时 现在完成时 现在完成进行时 一般过去时 过去进行时 过去完成时 过去完成进行时 一般将来时 将来进行时 将来完成时 将来完成进行时 一般过去将来时 过去将来进行时 过去将来完成时 过去将来完成进行时
]Gm&Kn > oM n'{+(w 二、十六种时态的谓语形势
~Gg19x.#uW 一般时态 进行时态 完成时态 完成进行时态 现在 do/does am/is/are doing have/has done have/has been doing 过去 did was/were doing had done had been doing 将来 shall/will do shall/will be doing shall/will have done shall/will have been doing 过去将来 should/would do
Qc9[/4R> should/would be doing should/would have done should/would have been doing
Zjc
/GO 一般过去时的用法
UWCm:eRQ 6(Cjak+~! 1）表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。
i+-=I+L3 When I was a child, I often played football in the street.
6jal5<H Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.
EA:_PBZ q<g!bW% 2）句型：
odeO(zuU It is time for sb. to do sth "到……时间了" "该……了"
-RThd" It is time sb. did sth. "时间已迟了" "早该……了"
jN+2+P%OL It is time for you to go to bed. 你该睡觉了。
D1fUEHB}A8 It is time you went to bed. 你早该睡觉了。
:OaGdL would (had) rather sb. did sth. 表示'宁愿某人做某事'
3v~}hV/RUy I'd rather you came tomorrow.
w/0;N`YB H,fVF837 3) wish, wonder, think, hope 等用过去时，作试探性的询问、请求、建议等。
Yj>\WH I thought you might have some. 我以为你想要一些。
z\IZ5' J:;nN-\j 比较：
xiQd[[(sM 一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去，现已不复存在。
i\L7z)u Christine was an invalid all her life.
0c#|LF_ (含义：她已不在人间。)
m`3gNox Christine has been an invalid all her life.
apm,$Vvjy (含义：她现在还活着)
HtI>rj/\
x Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years.
Ef6LBNWY. (含义：达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)
]n|lHZR Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years.
EO.}{1m=hx ( 含义：现在还住在肯塔基州，有可能指刚离去)
t4,(W` k$K>ml/h 注意： 用过去时表示现在，表示委婉语气。
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%7oq;^J 1）动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。
.$-%rU:*} Did you want anything else?
fL R.2vJ I wondered if you could help me.
1A 9Gf 2）情态动词 could, would.
Js8d{\0\ Could you lend me your bike?
fxX4
!r 一般将来时
/T/7O <3aW3i/jTc 2Y{r2m|o 1) shall用于第一人称，常被will 所代替。
0f|nI8,z will 在陈述句中用于各人称，在争求意见时常用于第二人称。
bG9$ &, Which paragraph shall I read first.
\rf2O s Will you be at home at seven this evening?
Q |J $ R Ej6 4^* 2) be going to +不定式，表示将来。
.1& F p a. 主语的意图，即将做某事。
cn !Y7LVr What are you going to do tomorrow?
N,NEg4 q[ b. 计划，安排要发生的事。
%
2lcc "' the play is going to be produced next month。
['n;e:* c. 有迹象要发生的事
4
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Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm.
0FD+iID JmK [7t 3) be +不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。
-%x9 ^oQwY We are to discuss the report next Saturday.
+'!vm6 Fps.F hm 4) be about to +不定式，意为马上做某事。
7 V+
rQ He is about to leave for Beijing.
w_!]_6%{b 注意：be about to 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。
[m 3k_;[ 现在进行时
RI% ZT
kdry a GM<r{6Qy Mr. GREen is writing another novel.
\;G 97
o
(说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。)
[!E8 C9Q#! She is learning piano under Mr. Smith.
B K1Aq3*) c. 表示渐变的动词有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。
h[O!kwE the leaves are turning red.
w oqP&8a It's getting warmer and warmer.
"sf]I[a d. 与always, constantly, forever 等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观色彩。
-IB~lw You are always changing your mind.
b}[W[J}` ' J`%[,@V 典型例题
3Yd)Fm My dictionary ___, I have looked for it everywhere but still___ it.
7QlA/iKqK A. has lost, don't find B. is missing, don't find C. has lost, haven't found D. is missing, haven't found.
|h,a V(Q 答案D. 前句是一个仍在持续的状态，应用进行时，由于没有找到，其影响仍然存在，应用完成时，瞬间动词用于否定式时可用于完成时。
y8KJoVP iM 过去进行时
AdtAc$@xK Pxj ?W'| 1） 概念：表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。
;Vad| - ;
,y9 2） 过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。
Z;_WU !=.5$/ 3) 常用的时间状语
j
! ;?=s this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while
H! ZPP8]j> ! 5}Ibb 'W~O ? My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.
*fq=["O It was raining when they left the station.
u8*Uia*vwH When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.
qPpC )6 -Q >Z?3dM~ [ 典型例题
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. 1) Mary ___ a dress when she cut her finger.
IN!m A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes
NwmO [pt+ 答案C. 割伤手指是已发生的事情，应用过去时。同 时，when表时间的同时性，"玛丽在做衣服时"提供事情发生的背景，因此用过去进行时。
,c6 ID|\ 6ZVJ2xs[% 2) As she ___ the newspaper, Granny ___ asleep.
:<s)QD read； was falling B. was reading； fell C. was reading； was falling D. read；fell
x~}RL-Y2o 答案B.句中的as = when, while，意为"当……之时"。描述一件事发生的背景时，用过去进行；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。句意为 "在她看报纸时，奶奶睡着了。"句中的 fell (fall的过去时)，是系动词，后跟形容词，如：fall sick。
;h3uMUCml 比较过去时与现在完成时
_tN"<9v. ,k/*f+t #zXkg[J6d k@AOE0m 一般过去时的时间状语:
Vu
FH
>8n yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具体的时间状语
r9G<HKl \{n]&IjA 共同的时间状语:
>(u =/pp=: this morning, tonight,this April, now, once，before, already, recently，lately
7
#_{UJ% ]]+wDhxH 现在完成时的时间状语
{y'c*NS for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always,
w/N.#s^ 不确定的时间状语
q?&vV`PG5 C]-Z+9Vvv 3）现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.
#OH-LWZh 过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。
H__9%p# 举例：
y-{^L`%Mk I saw this film yesterday.
j"/i+r{"E （强调看的动作发生过了。）
yuk64o2QE I have seen this film.
6 .2_UN^< （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）
Zo22se0) Why did you get up so early?
|Z$heYP:w （强调起床的动作已发生过了。）
k#E D#']N Who hasn't handed in his paper?
RT8xU;
（强调有卷子，可能为不公平竞争。）
rFSLTbTf She has returned from Paris.
Txfu%'2)e 她已从巴黎回来了。
b -@V R She returned yesterday.
]6p?mBuQ 她是昨天回来了。
}f<.07 He has been in the League for three years.
S-npJh
6 (在团内的状态可延续)
[(5;jUmF@ He has been a League member for three years.
pA+W
8v#* (是团员的状态可持续)
d
/jO~+jP He joined the League three years ago.
Gb<)U[Hfd ( 三年前入团，joined为短暂行为。)
7:I`
~ @m I have finished my homework now.
gpe^G 64c` ( N~[sf?& ---Will somebody go and get Dr. White?
,g#=pdX; ---He's already been sent for.
l];,)ddD9 句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。
j Aw&5, （错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.
r
Ka 7[/ （对）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.
新开千年私服了!
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