加入VIP 上传考博资料 您的流量 增加流量 考博报班 每日签到
   
主题 : 填空题常考结构
级别: 初级博友
显示用户信息 
楼主  发表于: 2008-09-01   

填空题常考结构

填空题常考结构 c86?-u')  
lGahwn:  
一、主句单一原则 y`m0/SOT  
任何一个句子中只可能有一个主句。 S@pdCH, n  
做题时考生需要首先判断原题中已经给出的句子结构,如果已经有一个主句,那么就绝对不能够再出现另一个主句,除非中间有连接词进行联系。 W"s/ 8;  
j8Q_s/n  
例1:--, work songs often exhibit the song culture of a people in a fundamental form. D@X"1X!F`G  
   (A) They occur where they are x Y$x= )  
   (B) Occuring where MA9E??p3\  
   (C) Where they occur z+oy#p6+F.  
   (D) Where do they occur ghW`xm87  
分析:空格后面是一个主句,(A)为带有从句的主句,空格后又是主句,有两个主句一定错。 1h`F*:nva  
C为地点状语从句,正确(劳动歌曲发生的地方)。 ]Rf$&7`g{  
]4c*Nh% 8  
例2: --Indiana, is in a rich farming and dairy area, it is primarily a diversified industrial center A]QGaWK  
   (A) Fort Wayne ;K l'[~z  
   (B) Although Fort Wayne .(p_YjIA  
   (C) For wayne is in WllQM,h  
   (D) Fort Wayne, in x/]G"?Uix  
分析:空格后有两个谓语动词但中间没有连接词,由此可知,最后一句话是一个主句,空格处应该有从句引导词,四个选项中只有(B)中although能引导从句,故选(B)。 'p!&&.%  
>G?*rg4  
 \v:Z;EbX  
二、谓语动词专一原则 $p Pc}M[h  
任何一个句子只可能存在一个谓语动词。 d+h~4'ebv  
句子中不可能没有谓语动词,也不能多于一个谓语动词(除非中间存在连接词)。 m_  wvi  
ae3 Gn }tf  
例1:William Walker's mural, “Wall of Respect,” w"kBAi&  
   -----an outdoor wall in Chicago, deals with It'kO jx]  
   social issues. !6taOT >v  
    (A) covers xG4 C 6 s  
    (B) covers it \qW^AD(it<  
    (C) which covers UaXIrBc  
    (D) which it covers Y*jkUQ  
分析:空格后的deals with 是谓语动词,A, B是谓语形式, 和deals with 之间没有连接词,可先排除; D 中的it多余,因为在定语从句中which已经作了主语;C构成正确的定语从句 OWr\$lm@z$  
Y^#>3T  
[ x.]  
例2:In copper engravings and etchings, -----caused A] 'XC"lS  
   by the edges of the plate is clearly visible on lUnC+w#[  
   the paper. ^=-W8aVi>  
   (A) the impression is j}} as  
   (B) if the impression is w2!5TKZ`  
   (C) impressions 8v^AVg  
   (D) the impression ?ODBW/{[G  
分析:题目中的is是谓语,A,B中是谓语重复。C为复数名词,与后面的谓语动词is的数不一致,故也排除。因此选择D,caused.... 修饰impression :Ef$[_S>  
三、平行结构 T-oUcuQB  
技巧:如果填空题中空格的后面有and, 或者and后面有空格,那么这道题目一定是考察平行结构。 p7Yb8#XfU  
填空题中平行结构出现的形式是: bM W}.v!  
A and B, ;,KT+!H$  
A , B, and C S6yLq|W0  
M~saYJio  
例1:The technique of recording, classifying, and-- NU7k2`bqAk  
   is known as accounting. *ES"^N/88  
   (A) an enterprise's transactions summary 51s3hX$  
   (B) the summarizing of an enterprise's bwjLMWEVq  
     transactions :WSszak  
   (C) transactions of an enterprise are hZO=$Mm4p  
     summarized mL s>RR#b  
   (D) summarizing the transactions of an \xk8+=/A  
     enterprise Zr!CT5C5  
分析:空格的后面是and, 一般考平行结构,空格处缺与前面recording、classifying并列的动名词。 VpM(}QHd  
   四个选项中只有(D)符合条件,故选(D)。 `v Ebm Xb  
c=:A/z{  
例2:Louis T. Wright, a surgeon, developed d6e]aO=g  
   ingenious orthopedic braces, --, and {*qz<U >  
   supervised the first use of Aureomycin on u,S}4p&l  
   human patients. Z#_VxA>]v  
    (A) treating skull fractures that he pioneered in qzE -y-9@  
    (B) pioneered in treating skull fractures ^;mGOjS  
    (C) which pioneered in treating skull fractures lz0'E'%{P  
    (D) he was a pioneer in the treatment of skull j2!^iGS}  
     fractures 1d~cR  
分析:空格后面是and, 空格处缺少和developed、supervised平行的谓语动词,因此选择(B)。 ].*I Z  
wArtg'=X  
四、宾语从句结构 6[C>"s}Ol  
宾语从句的引导词在前面的主从复合句中已经提到。 rWzO> v  
这里指出的是填空题中关于宾语从句考的最多的两个结构: sJcwN.s  
     state(陈述,表明)+that q+Qrc]>-f  
     indicate(指明,表明)+that %-, -:e  
#-FfyxQ8ai  
例1:The quantum theory states --, such as light, %y2 i1^  
   is given off and absorbed in tiny definite 92D f.xI}  
   units called quanta or photons. }^3ICwzm  
    (A) energy that 0 8 aZU  
    (B) that it is energy wfF0+T+IA  
    (C) it is energy >_um-w#C  
    (D) that energy U6R~aRJ;  
分析:空格前的谓语动词states一般接关系连词that引导的宾语从句,故首先排除C。空格后已有谓语动词,空格不应再出现谓语动词,因此D正确。 `!iVMTp  
N2S7=`5/T  
n g?kl|VG  
例2:Studies of the gravity field of the Earth \HZ]=B#0  
   indicate--yield when unusual weight is ZU-vZD>  
   placed on them. lCMU{)  
   (A) although its crust and mantle XDrNc!XN  
   (B) its crust and mantle to F~_)auH  
   (C) that its crust and mantle 6H_7M(f  
   (D) for its crust and mantle to Y^W.gGM  
分析:空格处显然缺谓语动词indicate的宾语。(A)和(D)不能作宾语,可首先排除。(B)使句子结构混乱、语义不清,因此选择(D),构成宾语从句。 ,k5b,}tN  
五、介词+ which结构 Ss~dK-{e7  
许多同学在选择which还是介词+which上总是不太明白,这里有一个技巧可以告诉大家。 XN1\!CM8  
“which”后面一定加一个缺主语或者宾语的句子, @`6db  
因为“which”在这个句子中作了宾语或者主语成分。 2 7!9LU  
BVpRkUC"  
“介词+ which”后面则跟一个完整的句子, zS##YR  
因为”介词+which”整个结构在定语从句中作状语。 5+[`x ']l  
X3j<HQcK  
例1:In the United States, a primary election is Q]}aZ4L  
   a method ---- voters select the nominees +u:Q+PkM  
   for public office. 9e|]H+y  
    (A) that ZiS<vWa3R  
    (B)by which ?!J{Mrdn  
    (C)is that c_xo6+:l  
    (D)by those >=_Z\ wA  
分析:空格前后都是句子,因此缺从句引导词或连接词,首先排除C和D。 ,^UNQO*{GI  
   A能够引导从句,但是根据题意,修饰method是不通的。 'y?(s +  
   B是介词+which, 引导定语从句,(大选是一种方法,根据这个方法,选民怎么….);正确 L[Dr[  
J c~{ E  
例2: Croquet is a popular lawn game ------ players ;*Cu >f7  
   hit wooden balls through wire arches called C?3?<FDL  
   wickers. J\@yP  
   (A) when -nQ:RHnd  
   (B) which Lit@ m2{\  
   (C) is when V.RG= TVS  
   (D) in which P%6-W5<  
分析:空格前后都是完整的句子,空格处缺定语从句引导词,由此首先排除(A)和(C)。但是到底是选择B还是D,则看从句,从句是完整的句子,那么一定选择D, 关系代词which 前应该有介词。 ad1%"~1  
4$=Dq$4z  
六、in that结构 $~V,.RD  
在表示“原因”概念的引导词中, DJv;ed%x  
  because of +名词, {/x["2a1  
  consequently是副词 FBYA d@="2  
  而“in that”是原因状语的引导词。 F;mK) Q-  
v}v! hs Q  
例1:Mercury differs from other industrial metals 94umk*ib  
   ---- it is a liquid. 6}Y WM]c%  
   (A) whereas .cTK\  
   (B) in that d85\GEF9i  
   (C) because of S?W!bkfn  
   (D) consequently :RsO $@0G  
分析:空格前后都是完整的句子,空格处显然缺从句引导词。C、D不能引导从句,可以首先排除。 f((pRP   
根据题意,两个句子之间是因果关系而不是对比关系,故选(B)。in that为复合连词,用来引导原因状语从句。 w !N; Y0  
!H`Q^Xf}  
例2:Hovercraft, or air-cushion vehicles, are unusual (Yzy;"iAu  
   -- travel over land and water on a layer of air. +X4O.6Mn  
   (A)they ,r{[lD^  
   (B)in they }*{@-v|_R  
   (C)that they >g%^hjJ  
   (D)in that they 0W|}5(C  
分析:空格处缺从句引导词和从句主语。A和B缺从句引导词,首先被排除。C一般作宾语从句或定语从句,而句中需要的是状语从句,故也排除。D中in that为连词,引导表原因的状语从句,符合题意(气垫船之所以不同,是因为……),故选D。 %-y%Q.;k ?  
J`T1 88  
!%' 1 x2?  
这里我们再重申一下,如果选项中出现“介词+which”或者“in that”,那么首先考虑这个选项,如果后面使用的是完整的句子结构,那么这个选项就一定是答案。这种题目平时出现的不多,但是要考的话一定就是重点。 &C eG4_Mi  
bwjjwu&  
例3:Emily Dickinson's garden was a place ------ LFsrqdzJ  
   great inspiration for her poems. i2ap]  
   (A) that she drew sp4J%2b  
   (B) by drawing her yub|   
   (C) from which she drew *xEcX6ZHX  
   (D) drawn from which }QszOi\fV1  
分析:首先看选项C, “介词+which”, 而后面是she drew great inspiration for her poems.是一个完整句子,那么选项C就是答案。 IL?mt2IQ>  
七、what结构 <#U9ih 2  
what结构在95.8以后的新题中考的非常多,记住一点: ?)$+W+vK  
  what=the thing that lW^bn(_gQ  
bkQEfx.  
例1:The chief foods eaten in any country depend j?&Rf,,%  
   largely on ----- best in its climate and soil. RbUhLcG5  
   (A) it grows gA)!1V+:  
   (B) what grows G.2ij%Zz  
   (C) does it grow xtef18i>  
   (D) what does it grow ~7$E\w6  
分析:空格前有depend on这个短语,四个选项都是句子,故可判断出空格处为宾语从句。A和C没有从句引导词,故排除,(D)的语序有问题,从句不能用特殊疑问句的倒装形式,故(B)正确。 Mp=2}d%P  
l0Myem v?z  
例2:During the eighteenth century, Little Turtle :3k&[W*  
   was chief of the Miami tribe whose territory J :  
   became----is now Indiana and Ohio. 6iwIEb  
   (A) there t.sbfLu  
   (B) where jk-hIl&  
   (C) that uJz<:/rwZ-  
   (D) what [KA&KI^hF  
分析:空格处缺的词既要引导从句又要作从句主语。四个选项中只有D符合条件。 OhmKjY/}  
?CB*MWjd  
*')g}2iB  
八、同位语结构 d,}fp)  
同位语考试形式一:名词作主语,主语同位语 Bl5*sfjG  
    ___, __ _, ___ (注意是两个逗号) ZMmaM "9  
例1:The tongue , -----, is an important aid in chewing ncg5%(2  
   and swallowing . WVc3C-h,  
   (A) is the chief organ of taste QJc3@  
   (B) tasting the organ chiefly +0U {CmH  
   (C) the chief organ of taste Ju3-ZFUS4  
   (D) the organ chiefly tastes a.+2h%b  
分析:空格处显然缺定语或同位语。句中已有谓语动词is, 故先排除A和D。(B)不合题意,故也可排除。(C)是名词短语,适合作主语的同位语,使句子完整,句意正确,故选(C)。 'Eds0 "3  
4`lt 4L  
5b X*8H D  
同位语考试形式二:名词作主语,后面的名词是主语同位语,解释说明后面的名词 z-|gw.y  
    ___, ___ (注意是一个逗号) KK; 3<kX  
例2:A prolific writer of prose and verse, ----of CW*Kd t  
   Native Americans in her novel, Century of cU8Rm\?  
   Dishonor. s(*L V2fa  
   (A) Helen Hunt Jackson took up the cause nU]n]gd  
   (B) the cause taken up by Helen Hunt Jackson } DY{>D>  
   (C) was Helen Hunt Jackson's cause cW B  >  
   (D) the cause that Helen Hunt Jackson took up. 68ce+|  
分析:空格前为名词短语,空格后为介词短语,空格处明显缺主语和谓语动词。根据空格前名词短语的意思判断,主语应该是人名而不是指物的名词,故选(A)。 XMb]&VvH  
1e`/N+6u  
例3:Often very annoying weeds ,-----and act as ( ON n{12Q  
   hosts to many insect pests. "?Dov/+Q.  
   (A) that crowd out less hardy plants than %H=d_Nm{  
     goldenrods 9(?9yFbj5  
   (B) crowding out less hardy plants by goldenrods )cA#2mlS'1  
   (C) the goldenrod's crowding out of less hardy C/Vs+aW n  
     plants #<ppiu$  
   (D) goldenrods crowd out less hardy plants ^Rr0)4ns  
分析:空格后面是and, 句中缺少与and并列的谓语动词。A只有从句没有主句; B,C分别是分词和名词短语, 无法与动词act并列; D 包含主语的同位语goldenrods和谓语动词crowd。 O@; ;GJ  
yOKpi&! r  
OO?d[7Wt0  
同位语考试形式三:主谓宾后面出现一个名词,那么名词可以作宾语或者表语的同位语 K)z{R n  
例4:An Olympic marathon is 26 miles and 385 Xup rl2+  
   yards, approximately ---- from Marathon to $4K( AEt[  
   Athens. Oax*3TD  
   (A) the distance is X v[5)4N  
   (B) that the distance is P{ YUW~  
   (C) is that the distance KU,K E tf  
   (D) the distance l,cnM r^.W  
分析:逗号前为完整的句子,后面如果再接句子一定要有连接词或者从句引导词。A、B、C均为主谓结构,但都没有从句引导词,故排除。D是名词短语作表语同位语,故选(D)。 ~{GbuoH  
npsDy&  
九、比较结构 sywSvnPuYZ  
比较结构中要注意两点:1、倒装性;2、对称性 h`O"]2  
例1:Western Nebraska generally receives less wf47Ulx  
   snow than --eastern Nebraska. 32y GIRV  
    (A) does ? yL3XB>  
    (B) in WZz8VF  
    (C) it does in { Ju  
    (D) in it does y$,K^f  
分析:than引导比较状语从句,空格后面是个专有名词,肯定是比较从句的主语,空格处明显缺从句的谓语动词,只有(A)符合条件,故选(A)。注意than eastern Nebraska does 是正确的语序,但是原文中使用了倒装;在比较结构的后面部分中,如果比较从句的主语长,谓语动词短,动词可放到主语前面进行到装。 0ws1S(pq  
3khsGD@  
例2: Hot objects emit----- do cold objects. pq8XCOllXx  
    (A) rays more than infrared a7?z{ssEi  
    (B) rays are more infrared than <(YE_<F*  
    (C) more than infrared rays _v~c3y).  
    (D) more infrared rays than C\%T|ZDE  
分析:emit为及物动词,空格处缺宾语和引导比较从句的than, 只有(D)符合条件。注意空格后为倒装形式,do代替emit以避免重复。此题为常考的句子结构。 GYv D*?uBc  
=;9 %Q{  
UoD S)(i  
比较结构中还需要注意相互比较的必须属于同一种事物 X`-7: !+  
例3:The activities of the international marketing @bPR"j5D  
   researcher are frequently much broader than ----. e6?iQ0  
   (A) the domestic marketer has -PfBL8  
   (B) the domestic marketer does 91I6-7# Xt  
   (C) those of the domestic marketer U.XvS''E  
   (D) that which has the domestic marketer ' 6^+|1  
分析:本题还是考查比较句,由于谓语动词是系动词are, 故先排除与其不对应的以has和does结尾的(A)和(B)。选项D则语义不清,也可排除。C中those代替前面提到的activities以避免重复,those一定要具备,因为只有这样才能满足比较的都是activities,谓语动词are因与主句谓语动词相同而被省略,因此C为正确答案。 !H)$_d \uj  
@;\2 PD  
例4:The annual worth of Utah's manufacturing j-~x==c-;  
   is greater than --. EC9bCd-z  
   (A) that of its mining and farming combined aPU.fER  
   (B) mining and farming combination }I}/e v  
   (C) that mining and farming combined Bf5Z  
   (D) of its combination mining and farming 0B}O&DC%|  
分析:本题为比较句,一般来说,比较的双方应属于同一类事物。句中主语显然是比较的一方,而空格处应是与之相对应的另一方。(B)、(C)、(D)均无法与the annual worth相对应,故可以排除。(A)中代词that代替 the annual worth, 是英语中常见的避免重复的用法,故选(A)。 m!22tpb  
V/.Na(C~  
十、定语从句省略结构 <bSG|VqnH  
关系代词在定语从句中做宾语时可以省略 &7\=J w7w  
例1:Most crocodiles will eat anything----capture <QuIXA  
   and overpower. K20,aWBq;3  
   (A) can   8ln{!,j;  
   (B) they can bA_/ 6r)u  
   (C) which can `p!&>,lrk  
   (D) and [ Xa,|  
分析:空格前是个完整句子,空格后是两个并列的及物动词,后面却没有宾语,由此可推断出空格处缺能作从句宾语的从句引导词和从句主语。(A)、(D)没有从句引导词,可首先排除。(C)有从句引导词,也可作从句的宾语,却没有从句主语。正确答案(B)看似没有从句引导词,实际上是省略了引导词that,故选(B)。that they can capture, that引导定语从句在句子中做capture的宾语。 |mMK9OEu  
uI9eUO  
例2:A majority of people in the United States can @:dn\{Zsea  
   get all the calcium their bodies----from the =,B Dd$e  
   food they eat. >^=;b5I2K  
    (A) require VGY x(  
    (B) requires vw'xmzgA  
    (C) requiring 4Wd H!z  
    (D)to require  A`B>fI  
分析:此题显然缺从句谓语动词,故首先排除(C)和(D)。(B)为第三人称单数形式,与主语bodies相矛盾,故也可排除,因此选择A。 ~|lEi1|  
   their bodies require from the food they eat是定语从句修饰calcium, 省略了that; 实际上they eat也是定语从句省略了that修饰the food 70GwTK.{~  
|Q(3rcOrV"  
C3K":JB  
“介词+名词”在定语从句中做表语时,关系代词和be动词可以同时省略,剩下的形容词短语做名词的后置定语。 (+CNs  
例3:To produce one pound of honey , a colony of UVd ^tg  
    A dc dVB>D  
   bees must fly a distance equals to twice around KqL+R$??"(  
   B          C      D B,q)<z6<  
   the world. [;C|WTYSL  
分析:句子中实际上是省略了that is, a distance that is equal to, 因此equals to 应该改为equal to h S 9^Bi  
LE|DMz|J  
例4: A neutron star forms when a star much more massive !X5LgMw^;  
          A  B      C qOTo p-  
    than the Sun dies and exploded. j0b>n#e7  
              D )Z*nm<=  
分析:句中省略了which is, a star which is much more .MS41 E!  
h3[x ZJO  
十一、状语从句省略结构 cCuK?3V4K  
Metals expand when they are heated. h+!@`c>)Y  
Metals expand 是主句;when they are heated 是状语从句。但是这个状语从句中可以省略掉they are, 句子变成:Metals expand when heated. 但是并不是所有的状语从句都可以这么省略。这种省略从句主语的方式理论上需要满足以下两个条件: B/_~j_n$m  
35H.ZXQp-  
    第一、从句主语和主句主语必须保持一致; lt("yqBu  
    第二、从句的谓语必须是be动词,主语和be动词同进同出, =D`:2k~ ,  
       比如上面的they和are要么同时省略,要么同时保留。 r h c&#JS  
=3Ohy,5L  
例1:Although----rigid, bones exhibit a degree of &u4;A[- R  
   elasticity that enables the skeleton to withstand O'{g{  
   considerable impact. Ck:+F+7_v  
   (A) apparently 3Ct:AJeg  
   (B) are apparently goOw.~dZ'  
   (C) apparently their /?1^&a  
   (D) are they apparently fCbd]X  
分析:连词although通常引导主谓完整的状语从句,当从句主语与主句主语相同、从句谓语又为系表结构时,则可省略主语和连系动词,故正确答案为(A)。Although apparently rigid = Although bones are apparently rigid, 注意bones和are必须同时省略。 `n"PHur  
A!v:W6yiz  
e8eNef L$  
因此,我们从上面的例题中来分析一下填空题中状语从句省略以后的形式: + } y"S-  
  though, although, even thought, while, If, when等为引导状语从句的词; ]2c0?f*Y7  
  这些词后面一定+形容词(分词),主句(注意逗号的后面是主句,前面是从句) i!*8@:VI  
y"|gC!V}  
例2:All marble is composed of crystals of the #fDM{f0]R  
   minerals calcite or dolomite, ----, are perfectly 6MpV ,2:>  
   white. ><qA+/4]_  
   (A) when, pure which s &f\gp1  
   (B) when, which pure r%9=75HA  
   (C) which, pure when G1Vn[[%k  
   (D) which, when pure mRy0zN>?  
分析:空格前是个完整的句子,空格后是系表结构,空格处显然缺非限定性定语从句的引导词兼作从句主语。(A)、(B)不引导非限定性定语从句,可首先排除。(C)中的pure和when位置错了,故选(D)。注意when pure是插入语,同时也是省略用法when they are pure;which are perfectly white, 状语从句省略结构, 3pe1"maP  
]QQeUxi  
例3:--relatively costly, the diesel engine ,Fn-SrB:  
   is highly efficient and needs servicing AzVv- !Y  
   infrequently S4pEBbV^n  
   (A) Even [ @2$W?0i  
   (B) It is Os*s{2OvO  
   (C) Even though @SI,V8i  
   (D) There is /CUBs!  
分析:B和D填入后,都是构成两个主句,不对;Even though则引导状语从句,even though it is, 这里it is 已经省略。 a+j"8tHu$  
Yq'D-$@  
十二、动词ing+名词的复数作主语结构 C#B|^A_  
这是一个比较难的结构,因为许多同学经常混淆动名词和现在分词。 T!i $nI&  
  现在分词相当于形容词,和后面的名词是修饰与被修饰的关系; %LuA:{EVD  
  动名词是相当于具有动词特征的名词,和后面的名词是动宾关系。 MpTOC&NG%s  
viJP6fh  
那么如何在句子中判断动名词和现在分词呢?我们来看两个例子: P-DW@drxF  
  Doing exercises is a good habit. 做练习是一个好习惯。 !Sl_qL  
  The starring troops have to surrender. -e>Z!0  
  第一个句子强调的是做,而不是练习,不能说练习是一个好习惯,只能说做练习是一个好习惯,因此do是中心词,它和后面的名词是动宾关系,那么这个do就是动名词; av_ +M;G  
  第二个句子说挨饿的军队必须投降,是军队投降,而不是挨饿要投降,因此中心词是troop,starring是来修饰troop的,因此starring是现在分词。 _T_} k:&X  
biS{.  
在“动词ing+名词的复数”作主语结构的句子中,谓语动词是系动词is x<7?  
yq1 G6hw  
例1:--by transferring the blame to others is often ]<K"`q2  
   called scapegoating. hZw8*H^tP  
   (A) Eliminate problems /(?s \}O  
   (B) The eliminated problems(被消除的问题)  n}- _fx  
   (C) Eliminating problems T=RabKVYP  
   (D) Problems are eliminated yF1p^>*ak&  
分析:空格处缺主语。(A)不能作主语,(B)的名词为复数,与后面谓语动词相矛盾,(D)使句子出现两个谓语,故排除。(C)构成动名词短语,可作句中主语,故选(C)。这个题目的意思是通过把责任转嫁给别人,这种消除问题的方式,通常叫做替罪羊。 z`p9vlS[  
q,> C^p|2b  
例2:--wooden buildings helps to protect them 5tk7H2K^<  
   from damage due to weather. :, 3S5!(y  
    (A) Painting <\ eRa{ef  
    (B) Painted R}IuMMx  
    (C) The paint FlUO3rc|  
    (D) By painting #<s"?Y%-  
分析:从谓语动词helps可判断出主语不可能为buildings, 因为主谓语在数上不一致,故空格处缺构成单数的词。四个选项中只有动名词painting符合这一条件,故选(A)。(B)构成复数名词短语,(C)无法与后面的名词连接,(D)构成介词短语,不能作主语,三个选项都可排除。 G&t|aY-   
painted wooden buildings 被油漆的房子,中心词是buildings, 后面help不能用单数 8n:N#4Dh^  
painting wooden buildings油漆房子这件事情,中心词是painting m77 !i>V)  
KT7R0v  
例3:Scientists think -- helps some tree to bnPhhsR  
   conserve water in the winter. j WMTQLE.  
   (A) when losing leaves _xy[\X;9  
   (B) leaves are lost < +k dL  
   (C) that losing leaves gI"cZ h3}  
   (D) the leaves losing 9p1@Lfbj  
分析:这道题目大家都能够选择C, 但是我们必须彻底理解C为什么正确,think that后面是宾语从句。losing是及物动词,丢弃叶子帮助树来保持水分,要注意不是树叶来帮助保持水分,而是丢弃树叶这个动作来保持水分。丢弃叶子是树主动丢弃,因此losing是动名词。 B79 ~-,Yh  
&|#,Bsk"@  
十三、make结构 `~=NBN=tiL  
make结构即为:make +sth.(宾语) +possible+(宾语补足语) V F b  
共有三种形式: @1' Y/dCyD  
   make it possible+to do [_}8Vv&6  
   make it possible+that引导的从句 X?;iSekI4  
   make possible sth (这个sth一定很长,它后面有一个后置定语) Se37-  
TB=_r(:l+  
做题技巧: fL("MDt  
   如果possible后面有to do 或者that引导的定语从句, 中间一定有it 3g5r}Ug  
   如果possible后面有名词,中间一定没有it 7%[ YX  
TP~1-(M)}  
例1:X-rays are able to pass through objects and Oi]B%Uxy=  
   thus make--details that are otherwise ReL+V  
   impossible to observe . YW&`PJ9o  
   (A) it visible 4%|r$E/TQ  
   (B) visibly 6eA)d#  
   (C) visible `%EcQ}Nr  
   (D) they are visible ]!N=Z }LD  
分析:此题考动词make的一种用法,visible后面有名词,因此中间不能有it,选择C;可以看到空格后that引导的是定语从句,visible是宾语补足语,宾语补足语的存在是因为宾语太长了,details是宾语。 |[>yJXxEL@  
@; I9e  
 ls7P$qq  
例2:Using many symbols makes--to put a large 3 TTQf f  
   amount of information on a single map. Fs(S!;  
   (A) possible g}uSIv^  
   (B) it possible RCxwiZaf33  
   (C) it is possible N8x.D-=gG  
   (D) that possible O6ugN-d>  
分析:从四个选项可以判断出本题考make的一种惯用法。首先排除明显的错误选项:C为句子,却没有与主句相连的连词,D中that后面应有主语并构成结构完整的从句。 由于后面是动词不定式,因此possible前面一定有it, it作形式宾语,故B正确。 l4(FM}0X5}  
eT]*c?"  
zA:q/i  
十四、the more …the more…结构 fny6`_O  
这个结构的意思是“越….越…”,结构一共有三条规则: N 7Y X  
  1. the more后面的名词必须使用冠词或者所有格, 新题专门考这条规则 3K/ 'K[~  
  2. the more 后面的谓语如果是be动词的话,可以省略,例如上面的例题 R*XZPzg%  
  3. 第二个the more 后面可以使用倒装,而第一个后面却不行 Q<ia  
the more, the more其实是原因状语从句,前面是原因,后面是结果,倒装句中必须是主句倒装,从句绝对不能够倒装。 pjFj{  
 -T-yt2h(  
例1:The stronger--magnet, the greater the 7Cbr'!E\_V  
   number of lines of magnetic force. g jzWW0C  
   (A) of 01uj-!D$@  
   (B) the C>mFylN  
   (C) is the C3~~h|:  
   (D) is of the 7 ,V_5M;t  
分析:本题显然考查”the more … the more…”结构,the more后面的名词必须使用冠词或者所有格,因此只能选择B LP'q$iB!  
a1u4v/Qu9  
例2:The less the surface of the ground yields to the m({ q<&]Qp  
   weight of the body of a runner, --to the body.  F:[[@~z  
   (A) the stress it is greater VM\\.L  
   (B) greater is the stress *yo'Nqu  
   (C) greater stress is NYs<`6P:Y  
   (D) the greater the stress >i.$s  
分析:正确答案为D。此题考the more … the more句型,只有D符合这一句型的要求,故选D。 ,Mi'NO   
l @@pXg3  
十五、表示结果的伴随状语结构 QZa^Cng~  
主谓宾完整的句子后面,如果出现两个词,thereby或者thus, 那么这两个词后面必须使用现在分词,表示“从而怎么样”的意思,这便是表示结果的伴随状语结构。但是必须注意并不是thus后面就是加doing,必须是前面一个完整的句子才对。 e^\#DDm  
UX.rzYM&T  
$ndBT+ i  
例1:A microphone enables a soft tone to beamplified , #N64ZXz_  
             A     B :?m"kh ~  
   thus making it possible the gentle g 2'K3e?.%  
       C            Z?3B1o9  
   renditions of romantic love songs in a large hall. >9#) obw  
         D Gv }  
分析:Possible后面有名词,那么it应该去掉,thus后面表示结果的伴随状语从句,表示从而使得歌曲演唱成为可能。 G{Ju2HY  
DRXUQH  
XpK  Y#  
例2:The Smithsonian Institution preserves more 5nceOG8  
   than sixty-five million items of scientific, A=e1uBGA  
   historical, or artistic interest, --winning the Zp6VH  
   popular title, “attic of the nation.” ]gv3|W  
    (A) however e7&RZ+s#wZ  
    (B) thus x;~ @T9.  
    (C) and ncOl}\Q9  
    (D) moreover oY,{9H37b  
分析:逗号前面是个完整的句子,逗号后面是现在分词短语作状语表示结果。四个选项中只有thus一词可直接放在现在分词前面,故选B。thus 副词,修饰分词winning, 伴随状语 85] 'I%gT  
@ptrF pSL  
例3: Snow aids farmers by keeping heat in the (dO0`wfM  
   lower ground levels, thereby--from freezing. FB>P39u  
    (A) to save the seeds $M4_"!  
    (B) saving the seeds v~._]f$:  
    (C)which saves the seeds nKtRJ,>  
    (D) the seeds saved `w@z Fc!"  
分析:thereby和to有意思重复,所以不能够选择(A), 后面应该跟现在分词,答案为B j>v8i bS(  
C$LRX7Z`o  
gf4Hq&Rf  
十六、形容词最高级省略结构 (r}StR+  
The crane is the tallest bird of the wading birds. /; 21?o  
最高级后面的名词与范围名词重复,可以省略,句子变为The crane is the tallest of the wading birds. fmUrwI1 %  
,,#6SR(n  
例1:The crane is--of the wading birds. WUQa2$.  
   (A) the tallest =i7CF3  
   (B) the tallest that is wXBd"]G)C  
   (C) which is the tallest [kgCB7.V  
   (D) which the tallest is aSHN*tP%y  
分析:空格前是主语和谓语,空格后是of引导的介词短语,空格处明显缺作表语的名词或名词短语。四个选项中只有(A)使句子结构完整,语义清楚,故选(A)。 92b}N|u  
61HJ%  
?"?AH/ED  
例2:. Cows are said to be the least intelligently of As tuM]  
       A  B       C &rG]]IO  
   domestic animals. e-lc2$o7{  
    D { W5 _KX  
分析:改为形容词,intelligent,intelligently为副词,不能作表语。 ?\X9Ei  
EgzdRB\Cf  
十七、规则动词过去分词作定语结构 V;~\+@  
这里的规则动词指的是过去式和过去分词一样,导致考生看不出句子结构,比如: ~Q]::  
  program, programmed, programmed ~= otdJ  
因此判断这个词是过去式还是过去分词就显得比较重要: .&>3nu  
  第一步:从逻辑上判断这个动作是主动还是被动 {!.w}  
  第二步:如果是被动的话,做谓语前面一定有系动词be aouYPxA`  
v9t'CMU  
&{q'$oF  
例1:--Wupatki National Monument in Arizona ?TmVLny  
   features structures built of red sandstone by v+<4?]EJ  
   ancestors of the Hopi people. *r!qxiY= r  
   (A) That the ~1S,[5u|s  
   (B) In the mFd|JbW  
   (C) Around the |0_5iFAB|  
   (D) The -7 Kstc-  
分析:空格后是结构完整的句子,空格处显然缺定冠词the 修饰主语,故选D。A中that引导主语从句,使整个句子变成从句而无主句,B、C构成介词短语,使句子缺主语,故排除。句子中的built是过去分词。 Pt6d5EIG  
bp}]'NA  
例2:Antibodies --by small, round cells called z38Pi  
   lymphocytes and plasma cells. ._.Qf<7  
   (A) to be made /7-FVqDx8  
   (B) making @?0))@kPc3  
   (C) made m YhDi  
   (D) are made FEV Ya#S  
分析:空格前为名词作主语,空格后是介词by引导的动作执行者,called是过去分词作定语,所以句子缺谓语,故选D。A、B、C均为非谓语动词,故排除。 lg^Lk\Y+re  
-KqMSf&9  
例3:Automatons programmed to perform a given FIQHs"#T  
   task ------the flexibility and adaptability of V[7D4r.j  
   human beings. x Y}.mP  
   (A) without IhK%.B{dZ  
   (B) lack 1{qG?1<zZ6  
   (C) minus 8Qkwg]X  
   (D) not having tC7 4=  
分析:programmed在句中是过去分词作名词后置修饰语,空格处缺谓语动词。四个选择答案中只有(B)是可作谓语的动词,故选(B)。 `2q]ju  
B, programmed是一个定语,而不是谓语 (!Fu5m=<8  
机器人被编制程序,所以是过去分词,而不是谓语动词 zq|NltK  
W!* P  
^r{N^  
十八、逻辑主语结构 h +9~^<oFl  
在一个完整的句子前面出现现在分词、过去分词、或者介词短语,那么这个句子的主语是前面这三种结构逻辑上的主语。 Nlu]f-i':  
4-C'2?  
例1:Having been served lunch, --. pM*( kN  
   (A) the problem was discussed by the members  ?H8dyQ5"  
    of the committee :y_] JL;w  
   (B) the committee members discussed the 2=naPTP(  
    problem [ -R[rF  
   (C) it was discussed by the committee >U]KPL[%  
    members the problem nu[["f~  
   (D) a discussion of the problem was make by =RofC9,  
    the members of the committee \[wbJ  
分析:Having been served lunch指被招待了午饭,那么只可能是委员会的成员被招待,而不可能是问题,所以选择B d8p5a C+E  
GX*9R>  
例2:--was not incorporated as a city until 9N6 \Ou~  
   almost two centuries later, in 1834. -Q%Pg<Q-#  
   (A) Settling Brooklyn, the Dutch *\`<=,H6<  
   (B) The Dutch settled Brooklyn C)%qs]  
   (C) Brooklyn was settled by the Dutch ##OCfCW  
   (D) Settled by the Dutch, Brooklyn Lw<.QMN%f  
分析:空格后面是谓语和状语,空格处缺主语。Brooklyn表示人或者Dutch表示地方做主语,但是从as a city可知,主语不是人名,而是地名,由此首先排除A。B、C均是句子,不合要求。D符合句法和题意。 p xW*kS  
ao@CPB6N  
例3:At thirteen --- at a district school near her 3L{)Y`P  
   home, and when she was fifteen , she saw her sR)jZpmC(  
   first article in print. dKa2_|k'  
   (A) the first teaching position that Mary Jane h]j> S  
    Hawes had !mUO/6Q hq  
   (B) the teaching position was Mary Jane 6wZ)GLW[  
    Hawe's first 3h}i="i   
   (C) when Mary Jane Hawes had her first ieXi6^M$  
    teaching position pv"s!q&  
   (D) Mary Jane Hawes had her first teaching v3<q_J'qT  
    position e -b>   
分析:从并列连词and 可知,第一个逗号前是一个完整的句子,空格处缺主谓结构,而且主语是一个人名。四个选项中只有D以人名作主语,故选D。 (D{J|  
bc>&Qj2Z7c  
例4: Even at low levels, --. Ns5P,[pBOZ  
   (A) the nervous system has produced be?Bf ^O>  
     detrimental effects by lead M; YJpi  
   (B) lead's detrimental effects are producing the ?F*I2rt#  
    nervous system + f:!9)C  
   (C) lead produces detrimental effects on the n+nZ;GJ5d  
    nervous system @ 'U`a4  
   (D) the detrimental effects produced by lead on ]ZNFrpq  
    the nervous system s-~`Ao' <  
分析:空格前为介词短语状语,空格处缺一个完整的句子。A、B结构上似乎完整,但意思不清,D不是完整的句子,故选C。 RF~G{wz  
"F4 3q8P  
例5:The chorus plays a large part in any oratorio, linking r`< x@,  
            A   B     C d1'= \PYr  
   areas were sung by soloists with segments of choral music. Tr;.O?@{t}  
       D ln8es{q  
分析:应该把D中的were去掉 Ge^,hAM'  
k;)mc+ ~+  
=&(e*u_  
十九、复合宾语结构 @.`k2lxGd~  
有些及物动词+宾语后意思表达不完整,需要再加形容词或者名词来补充说明宾语被叫做不完全及物动词,该形容词或者名词叫做宾语补足语。宾语加补足语叫做复合宾语。当宾语和宾补由主动语态变为被动语态,分别变为主语和主补。 ^Y5I OX:  
We played soccer. UT[{NltH  
We called him Bob. Bob在这里作宾语补足语 ze21Uj1x*  
He was called Bob. Bob在这里作主语补足语 $\bVu2&I  
bW=3X- )  
下面列出了一些经常要求使用宾补的动词 dczSW ]%  
make, consider, call, elect, appoint, afzx?ekdF  
例:We appoint him monitor. #)]/wqPoW  
  We elected him president. B]E c  
;zV<63tW  
例1:Poodles were once used as retrievers in duck # z7yoP  
   hunting , but the American Kennel Club does not kk4+>mk  
   consider them --because they are now primarily *'\HG  
   kept as pets. N Z ,}v3  
   (A) where sporting dogs .k +>T*c{  
   (B) sporting dogs Upcx@zJ  
   (C) when sporting dogs lNl.lI\t)y  
   (D) they are sportingdogs %~8f0B|im  
分析:选择B, them是宾语,sporting dogs宾补 Z:es7<#y  
bf {_U%`  
二十、It结构 FK`:eP{  
一、强调句型 ?~E"!  
   It is + 强调部分+that +其余部分 J9DI(`  
GIn%yB'  
这个句型需要注意几点: 8eYEi  
强调部分+其余部分是一个完整的句子; 5X>~39(r  
强调部分可以强调主语、宾语和状语,不能强调谓语和定语; g j]8/~lr  
强调人使用who或者that, 其他的只能用that (即使是时间和地点),who 和that绝对不能省略 <W)F{N?  
如果原句是过去时态,强调句型使用it was.,例如: c~;VvYu  
  原句:  Ann bought these books last year. cMnN} '  
    强调宾语:It was these books that Ann bought last year. DS>&|zF5l  
    强调状语:It was last year that Ann bought these books. Oh>hy Y)}  
\8s:I+[HH  
二、形式主语 <t*<SdAq>`  
It is + 名词/形容词+ to do/that 引导的句子 8oXp8CC  
to do/that 引导的句子是真正的主语,it 是形式主语,这是为了避免头重脚轻。 b18f=<#  
23`salLclG  
V2M4g  
例1:It is the interaction between people , rather than EltCtfm`  
    A               B vyB{35p$  
   the events that occur in their lives , that are jm@M"b'{  
                  C /h.{g0Xc  
   the main focus of social psychology. CSq|R-@< U  
           D vCSC:  
分析:Rather than …是插入语,主句是强调句型, it is …that, 主语是interaction, 所以是is 0GeL">v,:=  
Dq$1 j%4Y  
例2: --an increasing international exchange of Az8ZA~Op=  
   educational films. o$Nhx_F  
   (A) It is  $Cfp1#  
   (B) There is  ;in-)`UC!  
   (C) Though there is z=g!mVK5  
   (D) Although it is >A6W^J|[  
分析:缺少主谓,选择B, it 用在句子的句首,只可能作强调句型或者形式主语。空格后是一个名词短语,只有B与之构成完整的句子。A语义不完整,C、D则使整个句子成了让步从句而缺主句,故都可排除。 5B2p_$W#  
x9a\~XL>a  
 v t *  
二十一、which 引导的定语从句结构 g52)/HM  
which是关系代词,which后面应该加缺主语或者宾语的句子, HiU)q  
在这个句子中,which要作成分,作主语或者宾语 l 'wu-  
-.8K"j{N  
in which+完整的句子 z},\1^[  
which在定语从句中作in的宾语,所以不能作后面句子的主语 PlLt^q.z[  
C~@m6K  
名词+of which+谓语动词 ~wv$uL8y  
of which来修饰名词,名词在定语从句中作主语,所以后面直接跟谓语动词 NFx%e  
jG;J qT  
例1:In blank verse--of ten syllables, five of sCrP+K0D  
   which are accented. 4m91XD  
   (A) line consists of each E w| Z<(  
   (B) consists of each line JJ_ Z{  
   (C) each line consists yF.Gz`yi  
   (D) it consists of each line :?g+\:`/0j  
分析:空格前后均为介词词组,逗号后为非限定性定语从句,空格处缺主句主谓成分。A单数名词line前没有限定词,而且语义不清,B没有主语,D中it 指代不明,所以选C。 K$/"I0YyI  
   five of which are accented表示其中五个要被重读,of which修饰five, 十个中的五个 /NCN wAj7  
8zj&e8&v  
例2:The spiral threads of spider's web have a j8[U}~*^  
   sticky substance on them ------ insects. NiW9/(;xB  
   (A) traps   l9a81NF{s  
   (B) trap its  `VO;\s$5j  
   (C) which traps ``VE<:2+  
   (D) which it traps !<=zFy[J.9  
分析:空格前为完整的主谓结构,后面是一个名词,A和B显然不能与前面的谓语动词并列,故可以首先排除。D中的代词it明显是多余的,故也不对。C为正确选项,其中关系代词which指代前面的名词短语a sticky substance。网上有粘状的物质来诱捕昆虫。 vCJa%}  
0{bl^#$f  
例3:Traditionally, ethnographers and linguists H8 ? Y{H  
  have paid little attention to cultural .-tR <{ g  
   A             !s1<)%Jt  
  interpretations given to silence, or to the types of sV{\IgH/x  
         B      C GEf=A.WAfw  
  social contexts in which tends to occur. 7R:Ij[dV  
           D 'ZMh<M[  
分析:D错,in which后面跟完整句子。In which it, it 指代silence, or to 和第二行的to并列 ?i#x13  
S8/~'<out  
例4:After the First World War, the author Anais Nin SQ2v  
   became interested in the art movement {zm8`  
   known as Surrealism and in psychoanalysis, N'EZJ oH  
   both --her novels and short stories. !fn%Q'S  
   (A) in which the influence !10/M  
   (B) of which influenced b,~pwbHf  
   (C) to have influence HSG Ln906  
   (D) its influence in #n|5ng|CJ  
分析:第二个逗号前为结构完整的句子,A中有从句引导词which, 却没有谓语动词,构成不了完整的句子。C中最后一个词为名词,无法与后面的名词短语连接,D构成名词短语,不合题意,而且名词influence一般接介词on, 故三个选项都可排除。B构成一个非限定性定语从句,故选B。
评价一下你浏览此帖子的感受

精彩

感动

搞笑

开心

愤怒

无聊

灌水

  
级别: 初级博友
显示用户信息 
沙发  发表于: 2008-09-04   
描述
快速回复

验证问题:
免费考博论坛网址是什么? 正确答案:freekaobo.com
按"Ctrl+Enter"直接提交