填空题常考结构 51#_Vg
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一、主句单一原则 O9G[j=U
任何一个句子中只可能有一个主句。 O8+7g+J=!
做题时考生需要首先判断原题中已经给出的句子结构,如果已经有一个主句,那么就绝对不能够再出现另一个主句,除非中间有连接词进行联系。 ohRjvJ'v|
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例1:--, work songs often exhibit the song culture of a people in a fundamental form. SzAJ2:qhl
(A) They occur where they are y=fx%~<>
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(B) Occuring where 6^V=?~a&z
(C) Where they occur #H)v
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(D) Where do they occur 4QH3fTv
分析:空格后面是一个主句,(A)为带有从句的主句,空格后又是主句,有两个主句一定错。 ~Y `ld
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C为地点状语从句,正确(劳动歌曲发生的地方)。 y<?kzt
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例2: --Indiana, is in a rich farming and dairy area, it is primarily a diversified industrial center )SaGH3~*C
(A) Fort Wayne [glLre^
(B) Although Fort Wayne zpzK>DH(
(C) For wayne is in |WQBDB`W
(D) Fort Wayne, in N,`$M.|?
分析:空格后有两个谓语动词但中间没有连接词,由此可知,最后一句话是一个主句,空格处应该有从句引导词,四个选项中只有(B)中although能引导从句,故选(B)。 srr
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二、谓语动词专一原则 -Y1e8H ='
任何一个句子只可能存在一个谓语动词。 (lXGmx8
句子中不可能没有谓语动词,也不能多于一个谓语动词(除非中间存在连接词)。 SAH-p*.
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例1:William Walker's mural, “Wall of Respect,” b[sx_b
-----an outdoor wall in Chicago, deals with (jnzT=y
social issues. HeK/7IAqp
(A) covers 8{|8G-Mi
(B) covers it g9m-TkNk
(C) which covers Z EXc%-M
(D) which it covers fWCo;4<5?
分析:空格后的deals with 是谓语动词,A, B是谓语形式, 和deals with 之间没有连接词,可先排除; D 中的it多余,因为在定语从句中which已经作了主语;C构成正确的定语从句 %G3h?3
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例2:In copper engravings and etchings, -----caused rR$h*
by the edges of the plate is clearly visible on @y e4q.m
the paper. tf=6\p
(A) the impression is 0v6)t.]s
(B) if the impression is 9V'%<pk''(
(C) impressions Jz?j[
(D) the impression )) Zf|86N
分析:题目中的is是谓语,A,B中是谓语重复。C为复数名词,与后面的谓语动词is的数不一致,故也排除。因此选择D,caused.... 修饰impression AG3>V+k{Lv
三、平行结构 1;d$#j
技巧:如果填空题中空格的后面有and, 或者and后面有空格,那么这道题目一定是考察平行结构。 D_?K"E=fw
填空题中平行结构出现的形式是: +cWLjPD/}
A and B, x"eRJii?
A , B, and C _G_Cj{w
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例1:The technique of recording, classifying, and-- T`/AY?#
is known as accounting. OBgkpx*Q
(A) an enterprise's transactions summary 5VRYO"D:
(B) the summarizing of an enterprise's 'z
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transactions Z<U6<{b
(C) transactions of an enterprise are oYHj~t
summarized SD#]$v
(D) summarizing the transactions of an )W|w C#
enterprise zh4#A
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分析:空格的后面是and, 一般考平行结构,空格处缺与前面recording、classifying并列的动名词。 Ulhk$CPA
四个选项中只有(D)符合条件,故选(D)。 m 2-Sx
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例2:Louis T. Wright, a surgeon, developed X$%'
ingenious orthopedic braces, --, and }{M#EP8q+
supervised the first use of Aureomycin on U!T~!C^
human patients. YX%[ipgB
(A) treating skull fractures that he pioneered in dL:-Y.?0M
(B) pioneered in treating skull fractures M=.:,wRm
(C) which pioneered in treating skull fractures ~a%Z;Aj
(D) he was a pioneer in the treatment of skull +nUy,S?43
fractures Kfm
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分析:空格后面是and, 空格处缺少和developed、supervised平行的谓语动词,因此选择(B)。 XttqOf
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四、宾语从句结构 b6W2^tr-
宾语从句的引导词在前面的主从复合句中已经提到。 h"`ucC8X
这里指出的是填空题中关于宾语从句考的最多的两个结构: Gn&-X]Rrl
state(陈述,表明)+that -g)9R%>-
indicate(指明,表明)+that `))\}C@k
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例1:The quantum theory states --, such as light, ]FD'5p{
is given off and absorbed in tiny definite u?>B)PW
units called quanta or photons. I[b}4M6E
(A) energy that & +4gSr
(B) that it is energy rxr{/8%f%
(C) it is energy CQwL|$)]Y
(D) that energy FSU ttg"
分析:空格前的谓语动词states一般接关系连词that引导的宾语从句,故首先排除C。空格后已有谓语动词,空格不应再出现谓语动词,因此D正确。 .7zK@6i
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例2:Studies of the gravity field of the Earth 3VI4X
indicate--yield when unusual weight is z?>D_NLX6
placed on them. f}Np/
(A) although its crust and mantle Bt1p'g(V|
(B) its crust and mantle to G+F#n6Vx
(C) that its crust and mantle 7Q7-vx
(D) for its crust and mantle to I6j$X 6u
分析:空格处显然缺谓语动词indicate的宾语。(A)和(D)不能作宾语,可首先排除。(B)使句子结构混乱、语义不清,因此选择(D),构成宾语从句。 XGJj3-eW{
五、介词+ which结构 l_EM8pL,f
许多同学在选择which还是介词+which上总是不太明白,这里有一个技巧可以告诉大家。 V?Z.
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“which”后面一定加一个缺主语或者宾语的句子, #
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因为“which”在这个句子中作了宾语或者主语成分。 48jVRo
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“介词+ which”后面则跟一个完整的句子, 1^_U;O:I
因为”介词+which”整个结构在定语从句中作状语。 n8uv#DsdK
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例1:In the United States, a primary election is TlI<1/fP}
a method ---- voters select the nominees .fN"@l
for public office. zrR`ecC(b
(A) that t|9 GS|
(B)by which Jg]'+>,J
(C)is that 2H/Z_+\
(D)by those BYO"u6
分析:空格前后都是句子,因此缺从句引导词或连接词,首先排除C和D。 6el;Erp
A能够引导从句,但是根据题意,修饰method是不通的。 (
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B是介词+which, 引导定语从句,(大选是一种方法,根据这个方法,选民怎么….);正确 _<=S_<$2
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例2: Croquet is a popular lawn game ------ players $ e\h}A6
hit wooden balls through wire arches called rgSOS-ox
wickers. 7SlsnhpW
(A) when eh4gQ^l
(B) which mNb ?*3\
(C) is when aFe`_cnG
(D) in which JYrY[',u
分析:空格前后都是完整的句子,空格处缺定语从句引导词,由此首先排除(A)和(C)。但是到底是选择B还是D,则看从句,从句是完整的句子,那么一定选择D, 关系代词which 前应该有介词。 txZ?=8j_Y
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六、in that结构 ?lbH02P{v
在表示“原因”概念的引导词中, f;&]:2.j
because of +名词, ~by]xE1Eg
consequently是副词
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而“in that”是原因状语的引导词。 /,MJq#@K
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例1:Mercury differs from other industrial metals 2:BF[c`
---- it is a liquid. ,h{A^[yl
(A) whereas ? Zc"C
(B) in that ew;ur?
(C) because of \S*$UE]uG
(D) consequently dWXstb:[
分析:空格前后都是完整的句子,空格处显然缺从句引导词。C、D不能引导从句,可以首先排除。 (]RM6i7
根据题意,两个句子之间是因果关系而不是对比关系,故选(B)。in that为复合连词,用来引导原因状语从句。 E,wVe[0)f
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例2:Hovercraft, or air-cushion vehicles, are unusual [97KBoSU
-- travel over land and water on a layer of air. anj#@U;!
(A)they ari7 iF~j
(B)in they %*o8L6
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(C)that they =\,uy8HX
(D)in that they BaO1/zk
分析:空格处缺从句引导词和从句主语。A和B缺从句引导词,首先被排除。C一般作宾语从句或定语从句,而句中需要的是状语从句,故也排除。D中in that为连词,引导表原因的状语从句,符合题意(气垫船之所以不同,是因为……),故选D。 !PMU O\y
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这里我们再重申一下,如果选项中出现“介词+which”或者“in that”,那么首先考虑这个选项,如果后面使用的是完整的句子结构,那么这个选项就一定是答案。这种题目平时出现的不多,但是要考的话一定就是重点。 F,GN[f-
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例3:Emily Dickinson's garden was a place ------ F(
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great inspiration for her poems. 4g}FB+[u
(A) that she drew BR v+.(S
(B) by drawing her &3v&i*DG,I
(C) from which she drew FG%j{_Ez
(D) drawn from which 4Hb $0l
分析:首先看选项C, “介词+which”, 而后面是she drew great inspiration for her poems.是一个完整句子,那么选项C就是答案。 T"T;`y@(
七、what结构 g7CXlT0Q6
what结构在95.8以后的新题中考的非常多,记住一点: Sf/q2/r?6[
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例1:The chief foods eaten in any country depend 659v\51*
largely on ----- best in its climate and soil. 451'>qS
(A) it grows =s}Xy_+:
(B) what grows 9p@C4oen
(C) does it grow m7=1%6FN3
(D) what does it grow pi@Xkw
分析:空格前有depend on这个短语,四个选项都是句子,故可判断出空格处为宾语从句。A和C没有从句引导词,故排除,(D)的语序有问题,从句不能用特殊疑问句的倒装形式,故(B)正确。 VW@ x=m
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例2:During the eighteenth century, Little Turtle ciMM^ZRIb
was chief of the Miami tribe whose territory J$9:jE-4
became----is now Indiana and Ohio. T7$S_
(A) there ]lS@}W\
(B) where ,>LRa
(C) that [U\(G
(D) what u>.y:>
分析:空格处缺的词既要引导从句又要作从句主语。四个选项中只有D符合条件。 H]31l~@]
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八、同位语结构 %G?K@5?j?
同位语考试形式一:名词作主语,主语同位语 RbQ <