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okhere

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20楼发表于: 2007-04-09

四川大学2005年博士研究生入学英语考试题
Passage 1
As the horizons of science have expanded, two main groups of scientists have emerged. One is the pure scientist; the other, the applied scientist.
The pure or theoretical scientist does original research in order to understand the basic laws of nature that govern our world. The applied scientist adapts this knowledge to practical problems. Neither is more important than the other, however, for the two groups are very much related. Sometimes, however, the applied scientist finds the "problem" for the theoretical scientist to work on. Let's take a particular problem of the aircraft industry: heat-resistant metals. Many of the metals and alloys which perform satisfactorily in a car cannot be used in a jet-propelled plane. New alloys must be used, because the jet engine operates at a much higher temperature than an automobile engine. The turbine wheel in a turbojet must withstand temperatures as high as 1,600 degrees Fahrenheit, so aircraft designers had to turn to the research metallurgist for the development of metals and alloys that would do the job in jet-propelled planes.
Dividing scientists into two groups is only one broad way of classifying them, however. When scientific knowledge was very limited, there was no need for men to specialize. Today, with the great body of scientific knowledge, scientists
specialize in many different fields. Within each field, there is even further subdivision. And, with finer and finer subdivisions, the various sciences have become more and more interrelated until no one branch is entirely independent of the' others. Many new specialties --geophysics and biochemistry, for example -- have resulted from combining the knowledge of two or more sciences.
1. The applied scientist ______.
A. is not always interested in practical problems B. provides the
basic knowledge for practice
C. applies the results of research to practice D. does original
research to understand the basic laws of nature
2. The example given in the passage illustrates how ___.
A. pure science operates independently of applied science B. the applied
scientist discovers the basic laws of nature
C. applied science defines all the areas in which basic research is done D.
applied science suggests problems for the basic scientist
3. The problem discussed in the second paragraph called for____.
A. selecting the best hear-resistant metal from existing metals
B. developing a turbine wheel capable of generating heat up to 1,600 degrees Fahrenheit
C. developing metals and alloys that would withstand terrific temperatures
D. causing the jet engine to operate at higher temperatures
4. Finer mad finer subdivision in the field of science has resulted in_____.
A. greater independence of each science
B. greater interdependence of all the various sciences
C. the eradication of the need for specialists D. the need for only
on classification of scientists
5. "The horizons of science have expanded" means that____.
A. the horizon changes its size from year to year B. science has
developed more fields of endeavor
C. scientists have made great progress in studying the horizon
D. scientists can see further out into space

chow Passage 2
In The Disuniting of America: Reflections on a Multicultural Society, Revised and Enlarged Edition (W. W. Norton) Schlesinger provides deep insights into the crises of nationhood in America. A new chapter assesses the impact both of radical multiculturalism and radical monoculturalism on the Bill of rights. Written with his usual clarity and force, the book brings a noted historian's wisdom and perspective to bear on America's "culture wars".

Schlesinger addresses the questions: What holds a nation together? And what does it mean to be an American? Describing the emerging cult of ethnicity, Schlesinger praises its healthy effect on a nation long shamed by a history of prejudice and narrow-mindedness. But he warns against the campaign of multicultural advocates to divide the nation into separate ethnic and racial communities. From the start, he observes, the United States has been a multicultural nation, rich in its diversity but held together by a shared commitment to the democratic process and by the freedom of intermarriage. It was this national talent for assimilation that impressed foreign visitors like Alexis de Tocqueville and James Bryce, and it is this historic goal that Schlesinger champions as the best hope for the future. Schlesinger analyzes what
he sees as grim consequences of identity politics: the widening of differences. Attacks on the First Amendment, he argues, threaten intellectual freedom and, ultimately, the future of the ethnic groups. His criticisms are not limited to the left. As a former target of McCarthyism, he understands that the radical
right is even more willing than the radical left to restrict and weaken the Bill of Rights.
The author does not minimize the injustices concealed by the "melting pot" dream. The Disuniting of America is both academic and personal, forceful in argument, balanced in judgment. It is a book that will no doubt anger some readers, but it will surely make all of them think again. The winner of Pulitzer Prizes for history and for biography, an authoritative voice of American liberalism, Schlesinger is uniquely positioned to bring bold answers and healing wisdom to this passionate debate over who we are and what we should become.
6. According to Schlesinger, the United States is_____.
A. a melting pot
B. a nation with diverse cultures held together by the democratic process
C. a federation of ethnic and racial communities
D. a nation with various ethnic and racial groups
7. We can infer from the passage that Schlesinger______.
A. advocates the assimilation of different cultures into one nationhood
B. prefers multiculturalism to monoculturalism
C. gives full support to the emerging cult of ethnicity
D. holds that each racial group should keep its distinct identity
8. The author wants to tell us that America_____.
A. is experiencing a crisis of nationhood B. is trying to restrict the Bill of Right
C. has ended its history of racial prejudice D. has tried to obstruct intellectual freedom
9. According to the author, Schlesinger's book will____.
A. cause anger among the radical right B. cause anger among the radical left
C. put an end to the culture wars in America D. provoke thinking among the readers
10. This passage is most probably taken from __.
A. a history book B. a book introduction C. a book review D. a journal of literary criticism

chow Passage 3
The El Nino ("little boy" in Spanish) that pounded the globe between the summers of1997 and 1998 was in some measure the most destructive in this century. Worldwide damage estimates exceed ~20 billion --not to mention the human death toll caused by resulting droughts, floods and bushfires. El Nino and La Nina ("little girl") are part of a seesawing of winds and currents in the equatorial Pacific called ENSO (El Nino Southern Oscillation) that appears every two to eight years. Normally, westward-blowing trade winds caused by the rotation of the earth and conditions in the Tropics push surface water across the Pacific towards Asia. The warm water piles up along the coasts of Indonesia, Australia and the Philippines, raising sea levels more than a foot above those on the South American side of the Pacific. As El Nino builds the normal east-to-west trade winds wane. Like water splashing in a giant bathtub, the elevated pool of warm water washes from Asian shores back towards South America.

In last season's cycle, surface temperatures off the west coast of South America soared from a normal high of 23°C degrees to 28°C degrees. This area of warm water, twice the size of the continental US, interacted with the atmosphere, creating storms and displacing high-altitude winds. El Nino brought rain that flooded normally dry coastal areas of Ecuador, Chile and Peru, while droughts struck Australia and Indonesia. Fires destroyed some five million acres of Indonesian forest. The drought, along with the economic crisis, left about five million people desperate for food and water. These conditions helped set the stage for riots that led to the downfall of President Suharto. El Nino also took the blame for extreme temperatures in Texas last summer over 38°C degrees for a record 30 days in a row. In Florida, lush vegetation turned to tinder and bushfires raged. Even Britain has been sweltering with our hottest year on record in 1997.
11. As El Sino builds, _____ .
A. the normal westward trade winds weaken B. the normal eastward trade winds weaken
C. the normal westward trade winds strengthen D. the normal eastward trade winds strengthen
12. Which of the following statements is true?
A. El Nino results from droughts, floods and bushfires.
B. El Nino brought rain to most areas that were affected,
C. When El Nino appeared, some of the world's rainforests were attacked by droughts.
D. Most areas that were affected by El Nino got droughts.
13. Once El Nino even played a role in the political world. What was it?
A. President Suharto was overthrown by the drought caused by El Nino.
B. El Nino caused riots that led to the downfall of President Suharto.
C. President Suharto resigned because of the drought caused by El Nino.
D. The drought caused by El Nino together with the economic crisis prevailing in Indonesia helped to overthrow President Suharto.
14. The phrase "in a row" in the last paragraph means____.
A. continuously B. in a line C. awfully D. now and then
15. The writer of this passage is most likely to be____.
A. an Australia observer B. a British national C. an American geographer
D. an Indonesia journalist

chow Passage 4
In patients with Huntington's disease, it's the part of the brain called the basal ganglia that's destroyed. While these victims have perfectly intact explicit memory systems, they can't learn new motor skills. An Alzheimer's patient can learn to draw in a mirror but can't remember doing it: a Huntington's patient can't do it but can remember trying to learn. Yet another region of the brain, an almond-size knot of neural tissue seems to be crucial in forming and triggering the recall of a special subclass of memories that is tied to strong emotion, especially fear. These are just some of the major divisions. Within the category implicit memory, for example, lie the subcategories of associative memory – the phenomenon that famously led Parlov's dogs to salivate at the sound of a bell which they had learned to associate with food and of habituation, in which we unconsciously file away unchanging features of the environment so we can pay closer attention to what's new and different upon encountering a new experience.

Within explicit, or declarative memory, on the other hand, there are specific subsystems that handle shapes, textures such as faces, names -- even distinct systems to remember nouns vs. verbs. All of these different types of memory are ultimately stored in the brain's cortex, within its deeply furrowed outer layer -- a component of the brain dauntingly more complex than comparable parts in other species. Experts in brain imaging are only beginning to understand what goes where, and how the parts are reassembled into a coherent whole that seems to be a single memory is actually a complex construction. Think of a hammer, and your brain hurriedly retrieves the tool's name, its appearance, its function, its heft and the sound of its clang, each extracted from a different region of the brain. Fail to connect person's name with his or her face, and you experience the breakdown of that assembly process that many of us begin to experience in our 20s and that becomes downrightworrisome when we reach our 50s.
It was this weakening of memory and the parallel loss of ability to learn new things easily that led biologist Joe Tsien to the experiments reported last week. "This age-dependent loss of function," he says, "appears in many animals, and it begins with the onset of sexual maturity."
What's happening when the brain forms memories -- and what fails with aging, injury and disease -- involves a phenomenon known as "plasticity". It's obvious that something in the brain changes as we learn and remember new things, but it's equally obvious that the organ doesn't change its overall structure or grow new nerve cells wholesale. Instead, it's the connections between new cells -- and particularly the strength of these connections that are altered by experience. Hear a word over and over, and the repeated firing of certain cells in a certain order makes it easier to repeat the firing pattern later on. It is the pattern that represents each specific memory.

16. Which of the following symptoms can be observed in a person who suffers from the Huntington's disease?
A. He cannot remember what he has done but can remember trying to learn.
B. He cannot do something new but he can remember doing it.
C. He suffers from a bad memory and lack of motor skills.
D. He suffers from a poor basal ganglia and has intact explicit memory.
17. According to the passage, which of the following memories has nothing to do with implicit memory?
A. Associating a signal with an action. B. Recognizing of new features.
C. Focusing on new environment. D. Remembering a familiar face of a friend.
18. Which of the following may happen to a patient who suffered from damages to
his explicit memory?
A. When he is in a new environment, he is always frightened.
B. When he plays football, he cannot learn new tricks.
C. When he sees a friend, it's hard for him to remember his name.
D. When he finds a hammer, he cannot tell anything about it.
19. The word "extract" in the second paragraph means_____.
A. obtain B. remove C. pull D. derive
20. We can draw a conclusion from the passage that_____.
A. Scientists have found the mechanism underlying the memorizing activities
B. More research must be done to determine the brain structure.
C. Some researchers are not content with the findings.
D. It is obvious that something in the brain changes as we learn and remember.

chow Passage 5
Mobility of individual members and family groups tends to split up family relationships. Occasionally the movement of a family away from a situation which has been the source of friction results in greater family organization, but on the whole mobility is disorganizing. Individuals and families are involved in three types of mobility: movement in space, movement up or down in social status, and the movement of ideas. These are termed respectively spatial, vertical and ideational mobility.

A great increase in spatial mobility has gone along with improvements in rail and water transportation, the invention and use of the automobile, and the availability of airplane passenger service. Spatial mobility results in a decline in the importance of the traditional home with its emphasis on family continuity and stability. It also means that when individual family members or the family as a whole move away from a community, the person or the family is removed from the pressures of relatives, friends, and community institutions for conventionality and stability. Even more important is the fact that spatial mobility permits some members of a family to come in contact with and possibly adopt attitudes, values, and ways of thinking different from those held by other family members. The presence of different attitudes values, and ways of thinking within a family may, and often does, result in conflict and family disorganization. Potential disorganization is present in those families in which the husband, wife and children are spatially separated over a long period, or are living together but see each other only briefly because of different work schedules.
One index of the increase in vertical mobility is the great increase in the proportion of sons, and to some extent daughters who engage in occupations other than those of the parents. Another index of vertical mobility is the degree of intermarriage between social classes. This occurs almost exclusively between classes which are adjacent to each other. Engaging in a different occupation, or intermarriage, like spatial mobility, allows one to come in contact with ways of behavior different from those of the parental home, and tends to separate parents and their children.
The increase in ideational mobility is measured by the increase in publications, such as newspapers, periodicals and books, the increase in the percentage of the population owning radios, and the increase in television sets. All these tend to introduce new ideas into the home. When individual family members are exposed to and adopt the new ideas, the tendency is for conflict to arise and for those in conflict to become psychologically separated from each other.
21. What the passage tells us can be summarized by the statement___.
A. potential disorganization is present in the American family
B. social development results in a decline in the importance of traditional families
C. the movement of a family is one of the factors in raising its social status
D. family disorganization is more or less the result of mobility
22. According to the passage, those who live in a traditional family ___
A. can get more help from their family members if the are in trouble
B. will have more freedom of action and thought if they move away from it
C. are less likely to quarrel with others because of conventionality and stability
D. have to depend on their relatives and friends if they do not move away from it
23. Potential disorganization exists in those families in which ____
A. the family members are subject to social pressures
B. both parents have to work full time
C. the husband, wife and children, and children seldom get together
D. the husband, wife and children work too hard
24. Intermarriage and different occupations play an important role in family disorganization because____.
A. they enable the children to travel around without their parents
B. they enable the children to better understand the ways of behavior of their parents
C. they allow one to find a good job and improve one's social status
D. they permit one to come into contact with different ways of behavior and thinking
25. This passage suggests that a well-organized family is a family whose members __
A. are not psychologically withdrawn from one another
B. seldom quarrel with each other even when they disagree
C. often help each other with true love and affection
D. are exposed to the same new ideas introduced by books, radios and TV setschow Passage 6
A design for a remotely-controlled fire engine could make long road or rail tunnels safer. It is the brainchild of an Italian fire safety engineer, who claims that his invention -- dubbed Robogat -- could have cut the death toll in the disastrous Mont Blanc tunnel fire in March 1999 which killed 41 people.
Most of the people who perished dies within 15 minutes of smoke first being detected. Quick action is needed when fire breaks out in a tunnel. Robogat can travel at about 50 kilometers per hour. The Mont Blanc fire was 5 kilometers from the French end of the tunnel, so a machine could have got there in about six minutes.
The Robogat has been designed and patented by Domenico Piatti of the Naples fire department. It runs on a monorail suspended from the roof of the tunnel. When the Robogat reaches a fire, it plugs into a modified water main running along the tunnel and directs its hoses at the base of the fire. It is capable of pumping 3,000 liters of high-pressure water per minute--about the same rate as that from an airport fire tender. Normal fire engines deliver 500 liters per minute. The machine's heat-resistant skin is designed to withstand temperatures of up to 1,000°C. Designed to fight fires in tunnels up to 12 kilometers long, the Robogat will be operated from a control centre outside the tunnel. Ideally, tunnels should have a Robogat stationed at each end, allowing fires to be tackled from both sides.
Piatti says that it would be relatively cheap to install the Robogat in new tunnels, with each machine costing around ￡250,000. "That's not expensive," says Stuart Jagger, a British fire-fighting specialist, who adds, "Fire-fighters normally have to approach the blaze from upwind. People have dies if the ventilation is overwhelmed or someone changes the ventilation. If the robot worked remotely it would be an advantage." But this introduces extra problems: the Robogat would have to feed information about the state of the fire back to its controller, and the sensors, like the rest of the machine, would have to be fire-resistant. Piatti is now looking for financial backing to build a prototype.
26. The Robogat can quickly get through to the scene of a fire because___.
A. it is in position in the middle of the tunnel
B. it can move on a monorail suspended from the roof of the tunnel
C. it runs on a monorail and can take quick action
D. its modified water main can run along the tunnel quickly
27. When fire breaks out in a tunnel, the most important thing is to __
A. install a Rogogat quickly B. detect the smoke quickly
C. change the ventilation D. take quick actions
28. The Robogat is designed to pump water____.
A. at a speed of 500 liters a minute B. almost as fast as an airport tender
C. six times faster than an ordinary fire-engine D. at a rate of an airport fire tender
29. According to the passage, because temperatures in a tunnel can be very
high,____.
A. the Robogat has to have a heat-resistant skin
B, the Robogat is operated in a control centre outside the tunnel
C. the Robogat can only work at the scene of a fire for a limited period
D. a Robogat is stationed at each end
30. One problem that has not yet been solved, it seems, is that____
A. a prototype has not yet been accepted
B. financial backing is not available
C. the machine will need fire-resistant sensors
D. the machine would not work if the ventilation was overwhelmed chow II. Vocabulary (10%, 0.5 mark each)<, /FONT>
31. This university offers a wide variety of high-quality courses for both graduate and undergraduate students.
A. select B. choice C. alternative D. optional
32. ____ your request for a refund, we have referred that matter to our main office.
A. On the point of B. With relationship to C. In the event of D. With
regard to
33.AIDs activists permanently changed and shortened America's __ process for testing and approving new drags of all kinds, for all diseases.
A. stagnant B. intricate C. appropriate D. efficient
34. Exercise can affect our outlook on life, and it can also help us get rid of tension, anxiety and frustration. So we should take exercise__.
A. regularly B. normally C. usually D. constantly
35. Many artists believe that successful imitation, far from being symptomatic of a lack of originality, is the step in learning to be__.
A. elegant B. confident C. creative D. imaginary
36. There is scientific evidence to support our___ that being surrounded by plants is good for health.
A. instinct B. implication C. perception D. conception
37. Tom plunged into the pond immediately when he saw a boat was sinking and a
little girl in it was___.
A. in need B. on the decline C. in disorder D. at stake
38. An obvious change of attitude at the top towards women's status in society will___ through the current law system in that country.
A. permeate B. violate C. probe D. grope
39. All the finished products are stored in a___ of the delivery port and shipping is available at any time.
A. warehouse B. capsule C. garage D. cabinet
40. As he walked out the court, he was____ with frustration and rage.
A. applauding B, quivering C. paralyzing D. limping
41. The Board of Directors decided that more young men who were qualified would be_____ important positions.
A. attributed to B. furnished with C. installed in D.
inserted into
42. There are still some____ for students of science and engineering, but those in arts and humanities have been filled.
A. positions B. vacancies C. applications D. categories
43. Wireless waste from cell phones, pocket PCs, and music players__ special problems because they have toxic chemicals in batteries and other components.
A. pose B. commit C. transport D. expose
44. Although Kerry has had no formal education, he is one of the___ businessmen in the company.
A. alertest B. sternest C. nastiest D. shrewdest
45. The senior citizen expressed a sentiment which___ profoundly to every Chinese heart.
A. drew B. attract C. appealed D. impressed
46. ___students should be motivated by a keen interest in theatre and should have some familiarity with plays in production.
A. realistic B. responsible C. ethnic D. prospective
47. The accuracy of scientific observations and calculations is always___ the scientist's time-keeping methods.
A. at the mercy of B. in accordance with C. under the guidance of D. by means of
48. Recently a number of cases have been reported of young children ___ a violent act previously seen on television.
A. stimulating B. duplicating C. modifying D. accelerating
49.The destruction of the Twin Towers in New York City_ shock and anger not only throughout America but also throughout the wholeworld.
A. enveloped B. summoned C. tempted D. provoked
50.The secretary went over the table again very carefully for fear of___ any important data.
A. overlooking B. slipping C. ignoring D. skimming
chow III. Cloze Test (10%, 0.5 mark each)
Researchers who refuse to share data with others may 51 others to withhold results from them, 52 a study by health-policy analysts at Harvard Medical School.
The study found that young researchers, those who publish 53 , and investigators seeking patents are most likely to be _54_ access to biomedical data. It also found that researchers who withhold data gain a _55 for this, and have more difficulty in 56 data from others.
The study was 57 by a research team led by sociologist Eric Campbell. The team surveyed 2,366 58 selected scientists at 117 US medical schools. Overall, 12.5 per cent said that they had been denied 59 to other academic investigators' data, 60 article reprints, during the past three years. This 61 with findings by the team and other groups. But by examining the 62 of data withholding, the team identified those experiencing the most 63 . For junior staff. 64 , the team found that 13.5 per cent were denied access, 65 5.1 per cent of senior researchers.
The 66 between data withholding and researchers' publishing 67 during the 68 three years was 69 : 7.7 per cent of those who had published 1-5 articles had had data withheld from them, but this rose to 28.9 per cent for researchers who had published more than 20. Campbell warns, "Selectively holding back on information from the most 70 researchers could slow down progress in research into the causes and cures of human disease."
51. A. suggest B. provoke C. propose D. claim
52. A. because of B. in spite of C. according to D. owing to
53. A. a lot B. great deal C. regularly D. frequently
54. A. sought B. seeking C. being sought D. have sought
55. A. depression B. reputation C. infamy D. fame
56. A. acquisition B. requiting C. assigning D. obtaining
57. A. carried B. conducted C. forged D. identified
58. A. randomly B. carefully C. specially D. absolutely
59. A. entry B. reach C. access D. use
60. A. inclusive B. excluding C. exclusive D. refusing
61. A. corresponds B. complies C. compares D. adapts
62. A. casualties B. victims C. culprits D. injuries
63. A. hardship B. trial C. difficulty. D. errors
64. A. researchers B. members C. employees D. personnel
65. A. in coincide with B. in common with C. in collision to D. in
comparison to
66. A. relationship B. contradiction C. comparison D. communication
67. A. review B. deadline C. relation D. record
68. A. proceeding B. progressing C. preceding D. progressive
69. A. outstanding B. excessive C. exciting D. striking
70. A. productive B. producing C. preferable D, prescribed
chow IV. Translation (30%)
PartA (15%)
71. Wildlife refuges mainly serve as havens for millions of ducks, geese and other migratory birds. And this is what most people come to see. Much of the fun is in knowing and distinguishing the many kinds that are present in great variety. The activities and antics of the bird world are fascinating to anyone taking the time to observe up close. A camera, likewise, will record some of the unusual sights that will be seen.

Most of the areas are staffed by biologists m individuals who have a great interest in the outdoors. They are all enthusiastic naturalists who can help a person to a richer enjoyment of the world of nature. A stop at the refuge headquarters will yield ideas on what to see and where, as well as helpful literature. A few refuges have visitor centers where displays tell the story of the refuge and where there are movies or color slide shows of the area and its wildlife.
Hunting on a refuge seems inconsistent with its purpose of protecting and saving. However, big game, if allowed to increase to an excessive degree, can be their own worst enemy. They overbrowse their range. Then starvation ruins the herd. But even before nature balances animals to food supply, the destruction of, trees and shrubs removes food and cover essential to many smaller animals as well. It's good management of the game, and to the sportsman's benefit, to crop big game judiciously.
chow Part B (15%, 3 mark each)
72。那个小学生经常说她要是得到了诺贝尔奖的话，她就要用那笔钱来在西部办许多希望小学。
73. 那个年轻人宁愿去广州的大学攻读信息工程，也不愿开一个自己的网站。
74. 电信集团如果那时及时地将局域网升了级，就会在全省赢得了更多的用户。
75．那时，任何胆量小一点的人都不敢想到我们应该扩大研究生的招生规模。
76．良好的心态是对付压力的最关键因素。如果你能对周围的人和事都抱有一种积极的态度，你就可以把压力减到最小，甚至消除压力。

V． Writing（20%）
Directions：Write a composition on the title “ I (Don’t) want to be a civil
servant” based on the following outlines. Your composition should be in no less than 150 English words.
Topic: I (Don’t ) want to be a Civil Servant.
Outline: 1. 每一个毕业生都关心就业问题
2. 公务员职位竞争激烈
3. 我（不）要当一名公务员

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21楼发表于: 2007-04-09

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中国科学院2005年博士生入学考试英语试题

PART Џ STRUCTURE&VOCABULARY ( 25minutes,15points)
sectionA( 0.5 point eath)
direction: choose the word or expression below each sentence that best completes the statement, and mark the corresponding letter of your choice with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring answer sheet.
16.Knowing that the cruel criminal has done a lot of unlawful things, I feel sure that I have no __________ but to report him to the local police.
A. time B. chance C. authority D. alternative
17.Behind his large smiles and large cigars, his eyes often seemed to __________regret.
A. teem B. brim with C. come with D. look with
18.There is only one difference between an old man and a young one: the young one has a glorious future before him and the old one has a _______future behind him.
A. splendid B. conspicuous C. uproarious D. imminent
19. That tragedy distressed me so much that I used to keep indoors and go out only _________necessity.
A. within reach of B. for fear of C. by means of D. in case of
20. A young man sees a sunset and unable to understand of express the emotion that it _________in him, concludes that it must be the gateway to a world that lies beyond.
A. reflects B. retains C. rouses D. radiates
21.______________the heat to a simmer and continue to cook for another 8-10minutes or until most of the water has evaporated.
A. Turn off B. Turn over C. Turn down D. Turn up
22.Banks shall be unable to ___________,or claim relief against the first 15%of any loan or bankrupted debt left with them .
A. write off B. put aside C. shrink from D. come over
23.I am to inform you ,that you may ,if you wish , attend the inquiry ,and at the inspectors discretion state your case _________or through an entrusted representative.
A. in person B. in depth C. in secret D. in excess
24.In his view, though Hong Kong has no direct cultural identity, local art is thriving by “being ___________,”being open to all kinds of art.
A. gratifying B. predominating C. excelling D. accommodating
25.In some countries preschool education in nursery schools or kindergartens _________the 1stgrade.
A. leads B. precedes C. forwards D. advances
26.Desert plants ________ two categories according to the way they deal with the problem of surviving drought.
A. break down B. fall into C. differ in D. refer to
27.In the airport, I could hear nothing except the roar of aircraft engines which _________ all other sounds.
A. dwarfed B. diminished C. drowned D. relative
28.Criticism without suggesting areas of improvement is not _________ and should be avoided if possible.
A. constructive B. productive C. descriptive D. relative
29. The Committee pronounced four members expelled for failure to provide information in the ____________ of investigations.
A. case B. chase C. cause D. course
30. Since neither side was ready to __________ what was necessary for peace, hostility were resumed in 1980.
A. precede B. recede C. concede D. intercede
31.Such an _________act of hostility can only lead to war.
A. overt B. episodic C. ample D. ultimate
32._________ both in working life and everyday living to different sets of values, and expectations places a severe strain on the individual.
A. Recreation B. Transaction C. Disclosure D. Exposure
33. It would then be replaced by interim government, which would _________be replaced by a permanent government after four months.
A. in step B. in turn B. in practice D. in haste
34. Haven’t I told you I don’t want you keeping ____________ with those awful riding-about bicycle boys?
A. company B. acquaintance C. friends D. place
35.Consumers deprived of the information and advice they needed were quite simply _________ every cheat in the marketplace.
A. at the mercy of B. in lieu of C. by courtesy of D. for the price of
Section B (0.5 point each)
Directions : in each of the following sentences there are four parts underlined and marked A, B, C, and D. Indicate which of the four parts is incorrectly used. Mark the corresponding letter of your choice by drawing a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.
36. The auctioneer must know fair accurately the current market values of the goods he is
A B C D
selling.
37.Children are among the most frequent victims of violent, drug-related crimes that have nothing
A B C
doing with the cost of acquiring the drugs.
D
38. A large collection of contemporary photographs, including some taken by Mary are on display
A B C
at the museum.
D
39.There is much in our life which we do not control and we are not even responsible for.
A B C D
40. Capital inflows will also tend to increase the international value of the dollar, make it more
A B C
difficult to sell U.S. exports.
D
41. It can be argued that the problems, even something as fundamental as the ever-increased world
A B C
population, have been caused by technological adcance.
D
42. It takes the most cool-headed and good-tempered of drivers to resist the temptation to revenge
A B C
as subfected to uncivilized behavior.
D
43. While experts in basic science are important, skilled talents should be the overriding majority
A B C
since they are at heavy demand in the market.
D
44.Retailers offered deep discounts and extra hours this weekend in the bid to lure shoppers.
A B C D
45.The amendments of the laws on patent, trademark and copyright have enhanced protection of
A B
intellectual property rights and made them conform to WTO rules.
C D
PART3 CLOZE TEST (15minutes, 15 points)
Directions: There are 15 questions in this part of the test. Read the passage through. Then, go back and choose one suitable word or phrase marked A, B, C, or D for each blank in the passage. Mark the corresponding letter of the word or phrase you have chosen with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.
At least since the Industrial Revolution, gender roles have been in a state of transition. As a result, cultural scripts about marriage have undergone change, One of the more obvious ___46____ has occurred in the roles that women 47 . Women have moved into the world of work and have become adept at meeting expectations in that arena, 48 maintaining their family roles of nurturing and creating a(n) 49 that is a haven for all family members. 50 many women experience strain from trying to “do it all, ” they often endoy the increased 51 that can result from playing multiple roles. As women’s roles have changed, changing expectations about men’s roles have become more 52 . Many men are relinquishing their major responsibility 53 the family provider. Probably the most significant change in men’s roles, however, is in the emotional 54 of family life. Men are increasingly 55 to meet the emotional needs of their families, 56 their wives.
In fact, expectations about he emotional domain of marriage have become more significant for marriage in general. Research on 57 marriage has changed over recent decades points to the increasing importance of the emotional side of the relationship, and the importance of sharing in the “ emotion work” 58 to nourish marriages and other family relationships. Men and women want to experience marriages that are interdependent, 59 both partners nurture each other, attend and respond to each other, and encourage and promote each other. We are thus seeing marriages in which men’s and women’s roles are becoming increasingly more 60 .
46. A. incidents B. changes C. results D. effects
47. A. take B. do C. play D. show
48. A. by B. while C. hence D. thus
49. A. home B. garden C. arena D. paradise
50. A. When B. Even though C. Since D. Nevertheless
51. A. rewards B. profits C. privileges D. incomes
52. A. general B. acceptable C. popular D. apparent
53. A. as B. of C. from D. for
54. A. section B. constituent C. domain D. point
55. A. encouraged B. expected C. advised D. predicted
56. A. not to mention B. as well as C. including D. especially
57. A. how B. what C. why D. if
58. A. but B. only C. enough D. necessary
59. A. unless B. although C. where D. because
60. A. pleasant B. important C. similar D. manageable
PART 4 READING COMPREHENSION (60minutes, 30 points)
Directions: Below each of the following passages you will find some questions or incomplete statements. Each question or statement is followed by four choices marked A, B, C and D. Read each passage carefully, and then select the choice that best answers the question or completes the statement. Mark the letter of your choice with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.
Passage1
The man who invented Coca-cola was not a native Atlantan, but on the day of his funeral every drugstore in town testimonially shut up shop. He was John Styth Pemberton, born in 1833 in Knoxville, Georgia, eighty miles away. Sometimes known as Doctor, Pemberton was a pharmacist who, during the Civil War, led a cavalry troop under General Joe Wheelrer. He settled in Atlanta in 1869, and soon began brewing such patent medicines as Triplex Liver Pills and Globe of Flower Cough Syrup. In 1885, he registered a trademark for something called French Wine Coca-Ideal Nerve and Tonic Stimulant, a few months later he formed the Pemberton Chemical Company, and recruited the services of a bookkeeper named Frank M. Robinson, who not only had a good head for figures but, attached to it, so exceptional a nose that he could audit the composition of a batch of syrup merely by sniffling it. In 1886-a year in which, as contemporary Coca-Coca officials like to point our, Conan Doyle unveiled Sherlock Holmes and France unveiled the Statue of Liberty-Pemberton unveiled a syrup that he called Coca-Coca. It was a modification of his French Wine Coca. He had taken our the wine and added a pinch of caffeine, and, when the end product tasted awful, had thrown in some extract of cola nut and a few other oils, blending the mixture in a three-legged iron pot in his back yard and swishing it around with an oar. He distributed it to soda fountains in used beer bottles, and Robinson, with his glowing bookkeeper’s script, presently devised a label, on which “Coca-Cola” was written in the fashion that is still employed. Pemberton looked upon his mixture less as a refreshment than as a headache cure, especially for people whose headache could be traced to over-indulgence.
On a morning late in 1886,one such victim of the night before dragged himself into an Atlanta drugstore and asked for a doolop of Cola-Cola. Druggists customarily stirred a teaspoonful of syrup into a glass of water, but in this instance the man on duty was too lazy to walk to the fresh-water tap, a couple of feet off. Instead, he mixed the syrup with some soda water, which was closer at hand. The suffering customer perked up almost at once, and word quickly spread that the best Coca-Cola was a fizzy one.
64. What dose the passage tell us about John Styth Pemberton?
A. He was highly respected by Atlantans
B. He ran a drug store that also sells wine.
C. He had been a doctor until the Civil War.
D. He made a lot of money with his pharmacy.
62. Which of the following was unique to Frank M. Robinson, working with the Pemberton’s Company?
A. Skills to make French wine
B. Talent for drawing pictures
C. An acute sense of smell.
D. Ability to work with numbers.
63.Why was the year 1886 so special to Pemberton?
A. He took to doing a job like Sherlock Holmes’s
B. He brought a quite profitable product into being.
C. He observed the founding ceremony of Statue of Liberty.
D. He was awarded by Coca-Cola for his contribution
64.One modification made of French Wine Coca formula was__________
A. used beer bottles were chosen as containers
B. the amount of caffeine in it was increased
C. it was blended with oils instead of water
D. Cola nut extract was added to taste
65. According to the passage, Coca-Cola was in the first place prepared especially for ________
A. the young as a soft drink
B. a replacement of French Wine Coca
C. the relief of a hangover
D. a cure for the common headache
66. The last paragraph mainly tells___________
A. the complaint against the lazy shop-assistant
B. a real test of Coca-cola as a headache cure
C. the mediocre service of the drugstore
D. a happy accident that gave birth to Coca-Cola
Passage 2
Between 1833 and 1837, the publishers of a “penny press” proved that a low-priced paper, edited to interest ordinary people, could win what amounted to a mass circulation for the times and thereby attract an advertising volume that would make it independent. These were papers for the common citizen and were not tied to the interests of the business community, like the mercantile press, or dependent for financial support upon political party allegiance. It did not necessarily follow that all the penny papers would be superior in their handing of the news and opinion functions. But the door was open for some to make important journalistic advances.
The first offerings of a penny paper tended to be highly sensational; human interest stories overshadowed important news, and crime and sex stories were written in full detail. But as the penny paper attracted readers from various social and economic brackets, its sensationalism was modified. The ordinary reader came to want a better product, too. A popularized style of writing and presentation of news remained, but the penny paper became a respectable publication that offered significant information and editorial leadership. Once the first of the successful penny papers had shown the way, later ventures could enter the competition at the higher level of journalistic responsibility the pioneering papers had reached.
This was the pattern of American newspapers in the years following the founding of the New York Sun in 1833. The sun, published by Benjamin Day, entered the lists against 11 other dailies. It was tiny in comparison; but it was bright and readable, and it preferred human interest features to important but dull political speech reports. It had a police reporter writing squibs of crime news in the style already proved successful by some other papers. And, most important, it sold for a penny, whereas its competitors sold for six cents. By 1837 the sun was printing 30,000 copies a day, which was more than the total of all 11 New York daily newspapers combined when the sun first appeared. In those same four years James Gordon Bennett brought out his New York Herald (1835), and a trio of New York printers who were imitating Day’s success founded the Philadelphia Public ledger (1836) and the Baltimore sun (1837).The four penny sheets all became famed newspapers.
67. What does the first paragraph say about the “penny press?”
A. It was known for its in-depth news reporting
B. It had an involvement with some political parties.
C. It depended on the business community for survival.
D. It aimed at pleasing the general public.
68. In its early days, a penny paper often ___________--
A. paid much attention to political issues
B. provided stories that hit the public taste
C. offered penetrating editorials on various issues
D. covered important news with inaccuracy
69. As the readership was growing more diverse, the penny paper____________
A. improved its content
B. changed its writing style
C. developed a more sensational style
D. became a tool for political parries
70. The underlined word “ventures” in Paragraph 2 can best be replaced by ___________
A. editors B. reporters C. newspapers D. companies
71. What is true about the Philadelphia Public Ledger and the Baltimore sun.?
A. They turned out to be failures.
B. They were later purchased by James Gordon Bennett.
C. They were also founded by Benjamin Day.
D. They became well-known newspapers in the U.S.
72. This passage is probably taken from a book on ___________
A. the work ethics of the American media
B. the techniques in news reporting
C. the history of sensationalism in American media
D. the impact of mass media on American society
Passage 3
Forget what Virginia Woolf said about what a writer needs—a room of one’s own. The writer she had in mind wasn’t at work on a novel in cyberspace, one with multiple hypertexts, animated graphics and downloads of trancey, chiming music. For that you also need graphic interfaces, RealPlayer and maybe even a computer laboratory at Brown University. That was where Mark Amerika—his legally adopted name; don’t ask him about his birth name—composed much of his novel Grammatron. But Grammatron isn’t just a story. It’s an online narrative (Grammatron.com) that uses the capabilities of cyberspace to tie the conventional story line into complicate knots. In the four year it took to produce—it was completed in 1997—each new advance in computer software became anther potential story device. “I became sort of dependent on the industry,” jokes Amerika, who is also the author of two novels printed on paper. “That’s unusual for a writer, because if you just write on paper the ‘technology’ is pretty stable.”
Nothing about Grammatron is stable. At its center, if there is one, is Abe Golam, the inventor of Nanoscript, a quasi—mystical computer code that some unmystical corporations are itching to acquire. For much of the story, Abe wanders through Prague-23, a virtual “city” in cyberspace whare visitors indulge in fantasy encounters and virtual sex, which can get fairly graphic, The reader wanders too, because most of Grammatron’s 1,000-puls text screens contain several passages in hypertext. To reach the next screen, just double-click. But each of those hypertexts is a trapdoor that can plunge you down a different pathway of the story. Choose one and you drop into a corporate-strategy memo. Choose another and there’s a XXX-rated sexual rant. The story you read is in some sense the story you make.
Amerika teaches digital art at the University of Colorado, where his students develop works that straddle the lines between art, film and literature. “I tell them not to get caught up in mere plot,” he says. Some avant-garde writers—Julio Cortazar, Italo Calvino—have also experimented with novels that wander out of their author’s control. “But what makes the Net so exciting, “says Amerika, “is that you can add sound, randomly generated links, 3-D modeling, animaion.” That room of one’s own is turning into a fun house.
73. The passage is mainly to tell __________________.
A. differences between conventional and modern novels
B. how Mark Amerika composed his novel Grammatron
C. common features of all modern electronic novels
D. why Mark Amerika took on a new way of writing
74. Why does the author ask the reader to forget what Virginia Woolf said about the necessities of a writer?
A. Modern writers can share rooms to do the writing.
B. It is not necessarily that a writer writes inside a room.
C. Modern writers will get nowhere without a word processor
D.It is no longer sufficient for the writing in cyberspace.
75.As an on-line narrative, Grammatron is anything but stable because it ______________.
A. provides potentials for the story development
B. is one of the novels at
C. can be downloaded free of charge
D. boasts of the best among cyber stories
76.By saying that he became sort of dependent on the industry, Mark Amerika meant that _________.
A. he could not help but set his Grammatron and thers in Industrial Revolution
B. conventional writers had been increasingly challenged by high technology
C. much of his Grammatron had proved to be cybernetic dependent
D. he couldn’t care less about new advance in computer software
77. As the passage shows , Grammatron makes it possible for readers to _____________-
A. adapt the story for a video version
B. “walk in” the story and interact with it
C. develop the plots within the author’s control
D. steal the show and become the main character
78. Amerika told his students not to ____________
A.immerse themselves only in creating the plot
B. be captivated by the plot alone while reading
C. be lagged far behind in the plot development
D. let their plot get lost in the on-going story
Passage 4
In 1993, a mall security camera captured a shaky image of two 10-year-old boys leading a much smaller boy out of a Liberpool, England, shopping center. The boys lured James Bulger, 2, away from his mother, who was shopping , and led him on a long walk across town. The excursion ended at a railroas track. There, inexplicably, the older boys tortured the toddler, kicking him, smearing paint on his face and pummeling him to death with bricks before heaving him on the track to be dismembered by a train. The boys, Jon Venables and Robert Thompson, then went of to watch cartoons.
Today the boys are 18-year-ole men, and after spending eight years in juvenile facilities, they have been deemed fit for release--probably this spring. The dilemma now confronting the English justice system is how to reintegrate the notorious duo into a society that remains horrified by their crimes and skeptical about their rehabilitation. Last week Judge Elizabeth Butler-Sils decided the young men were in so much danger that they needed an unprecedented shield to protect them upon release. For ht e rest of their lives, Venable sands Thompson will have a right to anonymity. All English media outlets are banned from publishing any information about their whereabouts of the new identities the government will help them establish. Photos of the two or even details about their current looks are also prohibited.
In the U.S, which is harder on juvenile criminals than England, such a ruling seems inconceivable. “We’re clearly the most punitive in the industrialized world,” says Laurence Steinberg, a Temple University professor who studies juvenile justice. Over the past decade, the trend in the U.S. has been to allow publication of ever more information about underage offenders. U.S. courts also give more weight to press freedom than English courts ,ewhich, for example, ban all video cameras.
But even for Britain, the order is extraordinary. The victim’s family is enraged, as are the ever eager British tabloids. “What right have they got to be given special protection as adults?” asks Bulger’s mother Denise Fergus. Newspaper editorials have insisted that citizens have a right to know if Venables of Thompson move in next door. Says conserbative Member of Parliament Humfrey Malins;”It almost leaves you with the feeling that the nastier the crime, the greater the chance for a completely new life.”
79. What occurred as told at the beginning of the passage?
A. 2 ten-year-olds killed James by accident in play
B. James Bulger was killed by his two brothers.
C. Two mischievous boys forged a train accident.
D.A little kid was murdered by two older boys.
80.According to the passage, Jon Venables and Robert Thompson________________
A. hav been treated as juvenile delinquents
B. have been held in protective custody for their murder game
C. were caught while watching cartoons eight years ago
D. have already served out their 10 years in prison
81.The British justice system is afraid that the two young men would_______________
A. hardly get accustomed to a horrifying general public
B. be doomed to become social outcasts after release
C. still remain dangerous and destructive if set free
D. be inclined to commit a recurring crime
82. According to the British courts, after their return to society, the two adults will be __________
A. banned from any kind of press interview
B. kept under constant surveillance by police
C. shielded from being identified an killers
D. ordered to report to police their whereabouts
83. From the passage we can infer that a US counterpart of Venables or Thompson would________.
A. have no freedom to go wherever he wants
B. serve a life imprisonment for the crime
C. be forbidden to join many of his relatives
D. no doubt receive massive publicity in the U>S>
84. As regards the mentioned justice ruling, the last paragraph mainly tells that ________________
A. it is controversial as it goes without precedent
B. the British media are sure to do the contrary
C. Bulger’s family would enter all appeal against it
D. Conservatives obviously conflict with Liberals
Passage 5
Can the Internet help patients jump the line at the doctor’s office? The silicon Valley Employers Forum, a sophisticated group of technology companies, is launching a pilot program to test online “virtual visits “ between doctors at three big local medical groups and about 6,000 employees and their families. The six employers taking part in the Silicon Valley initiative, including heavy hitters such as Oracle and Cisco Systems, hope that online visits will mean employees won’t have to skip work to tend to minor ailments of to follow up on chronic conditions. “With our long commutes and traffic, driving 40 miles to your doctor in your hometown can be a big chunk of time, “ says Cindy Conway, benefits director at Cadence Design Systems, one of the participating companies.
Doctors aren’t clamoring to chat with patients online for free; they spend enough unpaid time ton the phone. Only 1 in 5 has ever E-mailed a patient, and just 9 percent are interested in doing so, according to the research firm Cyber Dialogue.”We are not stupid,” says Stirling Somers, executive of the Silicon Valley employers group. “Doctors getting jpaid is a critical piece in getting this to work.” In the pilot program, physicians will get $20 per online consultation, about what they get for a simple office visit.
Doctors also fear they’ll be swamped by rambling E-mails that tell everything but what’s needed to make a diagnosis. So the new program will use technology supplied by Healinx, an Alameda, Calif.-based start-up. Healinx’s “Smart Symptom Wizard” questions patients and turns answers into a succinct message. The company has online dialogues for 60 common conditions. The doctor can then diagnose the problem and outline a treatment plan, which could include E-mailing a prescription or a face-to-face visit.
Can E-mail replace the doctor’s office? Many conditions, such as persistent cough, require a stethoscope to discover what’s wrong—and to avoid a malpractice suit. Even Larry Bonham, head of one of the doctor’s groups in the pilot, believes the virtual doctor’s visits offer a “very narrow” sliver of service between hone calls to an advice nurse an a visit to the clinic.
The pilot program, set to end in nine months, also hopes to determine whether online visits will boost worker productivity enough to offset the cost of the service. So far, the Internet’s record in the health field has been underwhelming. The experiment is “a huge roll of the dice for Healinx,” notes Michael Barrett, an analyst at Internet consulting firm Forester Research. If the “Web visits” succeed, expect some HMOs(Health Maintenance Organizations) to pay for online visits. If doctors, employers, and patients aren’t satisfied, figure on one more E-health start-up to stand down.
85. the Silicon Valley employers promote the E-health program for the purpose of ___________
A. rewarding their employees
B. gratifying the local hospitals
C. boosting worker productivity
D. testing a sophisticated technology
86. What can be learned about the on-line doctors’ visits?
A. They are a quite promising business.
B. They are funded by the local government.
C. They are welcomed by all the patients
D. They are very much under experimentation.
87.Of he following people, who are not involved in the program?
A. Cisco System employees
B. advice nurses in the clinic
C. doctors at three local hospitals
D. Oracle executives
88. According to Paragraph 2, doctors are___________
A. reluctant to serve online for nothing
B. not interested in Web consultation
C. too tired to talk to the patients online
D. content with $20 paid per Web visit
89. “Smart Symptom Wizard” is capable of ___________
A. making diagnoses
B. producing prescriptions
C. profiling patients’ illness
D. offering a treatment plan
90.It can be inferred from the passage that the future of online visits will mostly depend on whether___________
A. the employers would remain confident in them
B. they could effectively replace office visits
C. HMOs would cover the cost of the service
D. new technologies would be available to improve the E-health project
PAPER TWO
PARTV TRANSLATION (25minutes, 10 points)
Directions：Put the following passage into English. .Write your English version in the proper space on your Answer SheetⅡ
伟大艺术的美学鉴赏和伟大科学观念的理解都需要智慧。但是，随后的感受升华和情感又是分不开的。没有情感的因素，我们的智慧很难开创新的道路；没有智慧，情感也无法达到完美的成果。艺术和科学事实上是一个硬币的两面。它们源于人类活动的最高尚的部分，都追求着深刻性、普遍性、永恒性和富有意义、
PART VI WAITING(35minutes,15 points)
Directions： Write an essay of at least 150 words on the topic given below. Use the proper space on your Answer SheetⅡ
TOPIC
With her entry into the WTO, China is being plunged into an international competition for talents, and in particular, for higher-level talents. To face this new challenge, China must do something, among other things, to reform her graduate (postgraduate) education system. State your opinion about this reform, and give the solid supporting details to your viewpoint.

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集能力与美德于一身，但还是没有我想要的，如中科院金属所专业试题及其答案或北科大试题。

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华东师范大学博士2003入学考试卷及答案

华东师范大学
2003年招收博士学位研究生入学考试
英语试卷
考试须知 1）本考卷共包括七大项，共17项。考试时间为180分钟，满分100分。
2）试卷中Paper One各项答案按相应题号一律用铅笔划横线填入答题卡。
3）Paper Two各项用钢笔或圈珠笔答在答题纸上，字迹需清晰端正。

Paper One

Part I Listening Comprehension 15% (20 minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this section, you will hear ten short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.

1. A. From the policemen. C. In the town.
B. In the car. D. At the police station.

2. A. Doctor. C. Receptionist.
B. Secretary. D. Patient.

3. A. Mr. Bixy's secretary. C. A typist.
B. Mr. Bixby's friend. D. Mr. Bixby's client.

4. A. Ron. C. Lucy.
B. Ron's friend. D. Lucy's husband.

5. A. Visiting as many places as he can. C. Visiting his friends here.
B. Visiting a variety of museums. D. Visiting the art museums.

6. A. The first speaker's is going to spend the weekend there and then visit some friends.
B. The first speaker is going to visit some friends there.
C. The first speaker is going to attend a conference there.
D. The first speaker is going to see a doctor there.

7. A. Making some money.
B. This spring.
C. Thinking.
D. Putting on a show.

8. A. By subway. C. By bus.
B. By taxi. D. On foot.

9. A. 39 B. 27 C.54 D. 93

10. A. The second speaker had a very serious accident.
B. The first speaker is feeling well.
C. The first speaker doesn't know what happened to the second speaker.
D. The first speaker thought that the accident was not serious.

Section B
Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.

Passage 1
Questions 11 to 13 are based on the passage you have just heard.

11. A. Why people need to sleep. C. Two purposes of sleep.
B. Two kinds of sleep. D. Why and how people sleep.

12. A. Active sleep. C. Physical sleep.
B. Passive sleep. D. Emotional sleep.

13. A. Only when people sleep well, will they feel rested.
B. Dreaming occurs in active sleep and helps restore our energy.
C. All people dream for one and a half hours during eight hours of sleep.
D. Dreaming won't occur until the passive sleep period is over.

Passage 2
Questions 14 to 17 are based on the passage you have just heard.
14. A. Chinese readers. C. The Romans.
B. German readers. D. Non-Chinese.

15. A. The first of January. C. The middle of winter.
B. The middle of November. D. The beginning of the harvest season

16.A. It means a period of rest from work
B. It brings us a good life.
C. It symbolizes a new life with new hope.
D. It embodies a happy occasion.

17. A. The celebration of the New Year.
B. The difference between the western New Year and Chinese New Year.
C. The origin of the New Year festival.
D. The significance of the New Year festival.

Passage 3

Questions 18 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard.
18. A. When she was a graduate. C. When she entered a university.
B. At the age of sixteen. D. Before she entered a university.

19. A. Because she wanted to make friends with the staff.
B. Because she wanted to earn extra money for the summer vacation.
C. Because she wanted to get some experience in a hotel.
D. Not mentioned.

20. The head waiter had a sense of humor
B. The woman didn't care much about her appearance.
C. The woman was easy-going and carefree.
D. The hotel was not far from where they lived.

Part II Vocabulary (10%) (10 minutes)
Directions: Below each sentence, there are four words marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that is closest in meaning to the underlined word in the sentence or that best completes the sentence. Write the corresponding letter on your Answer Sheet.

21. Smith's position in this agency provides him with authority to award contracts and to __ obligations for payment of bills as well.
A. incure C. resume
B. support D. incite

22. For all her rich experience in practicing law, the lawyor failed to pry much information out of the witness.
A. sophisticated C. obstinate
B. sober D. gloomy

23. Shanghai Orient Men Basketball Team attributed its National League Basketball Tournament in 2002 to a number of factors.
A. losing...ominous C. winning...advantageous
B. embarrassing...optimistic D. winning...adventurous

24. A(n) of employment opportunities prospective employees entering the job market.
A. excess...impedes C lack…inspires
B. surfeit...hinder D. dearth...discourages

25. Anyone who believes that war is stupid and unnecessary thinks that to lose one's life on the battlefield is .
A. glorious C. heroic
B. futitle D. courageous

26. Unruly people may well become if they are delt with by the people around them.
A. composed...respect C. angry...benevolence
B. clam...irritation D. dangerous...favoured

27. I was absolutely when I received a C on the exam in mathematics, for I was positive that I could have got an A.
A. elated C. incited
B. frustrated D. contented

28. In this youthhood, Jack was withdrawn, preferring the company of books to that of people; consequently, in his adulthood Jack was socially .
A. successful C tranquil
0B. uninhibited D. inept

29. Scientists believe that a conclusion which is drawn readily before all of the relevant data are collected, analyzed and contemplated is called .
A. insincere C. premature
B. premise D. presumption

30. The advancement of science and technology has demonstrated that a fact appearing to contradict to certain theory may actually be a more advanced formulation of that theory.
A. consistent with C. eliminated by
B. in opposition to D. incompatible with

31. Nancy is an advocate of consumer rights and has spent a great part of her professional career attempting to __ the deceitful claims of business companies.
A. show on B. show out C. show off D. show up

32. The lover of democracy has an towards totalitarianism.
A. empathy C. sympathy
B. antipalthy D. symphony

33. As he has faith in Mary's integrity, Mr. Lee offers to with the president on her behalf concerning the "cheating" matter.
A. interrupt C. interject
B. interfere D. intervene

34. Jenny's wealth of practical experience and psychological acuity (sharpness) more than her lack of formal academic training.
A. compensate for C. speak volumes for
B. account for D. make for

35. Applied science is discovering ways to use the knowledge of theoretical science.
A. concerned about C. concerned for
B. combined with D. concerned with

36. The former president is to verify at a human rights court heating cases of atrocities.
A. testify C. provide
B. conform D. supply

37. As is known to all, the rail service now operates without a sum of money granted by the government for assistance.
A. bonus C. yield
B. pension D. subsidy

38. In the Anti-Japanese War, flexibility and mobility were the features of the Chinese Eighth Route Army and Communist guerrillas.
A. characters C. contributes
B. attributes D. properties

39. As a yieldance to the public outcry, the government reduced the tax on income.
A. recession C. concession
B. permission D. possession

40. In the dim light, I managed to discern the shadowy figure of a big dog among the trees.
A. make off C. make out
B. make up D. make over

III. Structure (5%) (10 minutes)
Directions: There are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D beneath each sentence. You are to choose the one which can best complete the sentence if inserted at the blank space. Write the corresponding letter on your Answer Sheet.

41. If this evil man remained unpunished, our social moral standard .
A. will undermine' C. would be undermined
B. would undermine D. will be undermined

42. Mary' s eyes are red now, she must on hearing the sad news.
A. cry C. be crying
B. have been crying D. have cried

43. She brought her rage under control, her smiling face her real feeling.
A. disguised C. disguise
B. disguising D. to disguise

44. The mechanic couldn't operate the machine his efforts.
A. for all C. but for
B. owing to D. according to

45. Eating more nutritious food than is needed doesn't make it function better, overfilling the tank makes a car move faster.
A. not more than C. less than
B. no more than D. any more than

46. David was so careful on the test that his paper was .
A. with some errors C. full of errors
B. free from errors D. not having some errors

47. The TV star accompanied by many fans deliver a speech in no time.
A. are to C. is to
B. are being to D. is being to

48. The manager thinks it desirable that some adjustments without delay.
A. are made C. be made
B. made D. will be made

49. I met with something difficult to deal with and intended to turn to my teachers for help yesterday. I rushed into the office only to find not a single teacher there.
A. I could consult C. I could consult with
B. could I consult on D. could I consult

50. revealed the secret?
A. Who was it that C. Who was it who
B. It was who that D. It was whom that

IV. Error Identification (5%) (10 minutes)
Directions: There are four underlined words or parts marked A, B, C and D in each of the following sentences. Choose the one that you think incorrect, and write the corresponding letter on your Answer Sheet.
51. Many motions submitted at the first session of the 10th National People's Congress called for
A B
guarantees of the rights of laid -off workers, migrant labourers except for safeguards for the
C D
national economy and social security system.

52. To meet increasing demand, Shanghai has embarked upon the huge Shanghai
A B
Harbour International Passenger Terminal Centre, locating on the City's Huanpu
C
River, at a cost of 3.2 billion yuan.
D

53. This scenic capital began construction of a massive project comprises a water
A B C
pipeline network and two water processing plants.
D

54. The training of performers, directors, and designers have been the purpose of
A B C
American National Theatre and Academy for over 50 years.
D

55. The infectious disease was broken out in Hainan that summer and hundreds of
A B
people were dead, many children included.
C D

56. I intended to have her accompany me to the concert yesterday evening, but she
A B
rejected my request.
C D

57. All these dictionaries which have been donated by a publishing house are to be
A B C D
used by the students here.

58. Were it not for his illness last week, he would have been quite enthusiastic about
A B C
the plan and done something for it.
D
59. So far as the influence of computerization is concerned, nowhere we can see the
A B
results more clearly than in the US, which really have amazed us.
C D

60. Come in and have a look at the person seated by the window. He is no more a man
A B C
than the one you are looking for.
D

V. Reading (25%) (60 minutes)
Directions: Read the fotlowing five passages carefully, choose the best answer to each question from the four choices given, and then write the corresponding letter on your Answer Sheet.

Passage 1

Birds sometimes exhibit benevolent feelings; they will feed the deserted young ones even of distinct species, but this perhaps ought to be considered as a mistaken instinct. They will feed, as shown in an earlier part of this work, adult birds of their own species which have become blind. Mr. Buxton gives a curious account of a parrot which took care of a frost-bitten and crippled bird of a distinct species, cleansed her feathers and defended her from the attacks of the other parrots which roamed freely about his garden. It is a still more curious fact that these birds apparently evince some sympathy for the pleasures of their fellows. When a pair of cockatoos made a nest in an acacia tree "it was ridiculous to see the extravagant interest taken in the matter by the others of the same species." These parrots also evinced unbounded curiosity and clearly had "the idea of property and possession." They have good memories, for in the Zoological Gardens they have plainly recognized their former masters after an interval of some months.
Birds possess acute powers of observation. Every mated bird, of course, recognizes its fellow. Audubon states that a certain number of mating thrushes (Mimus polyglottus) remain all the year round in Louisiana, while others migrate to the Eastern States; these latter on their return are instantly recognized and always attacked by their southern brethren. Birds under confinement distinguish different persons, as is proved by the strong and permanent antipath or affection which they show without any apparent cause toward certain individuals. I have heard of numerous instances with jays, partridges, canaries, and especially bullfinches. Mr. Husscy has described in how extraordinary a manner a tamed partidge recognized everybody; and its likes and dislikes were very strong This bird seemed "fond of gay colors, and no new gown or cap could be put on without catching his attention." Mr. Hcwitt has described the habits of some ducks (recenfiy descended from wild birds) which at the approach of a strange dog or cat would rush headlong into the water and exhaust themselves in their attempts to escape; but they knew Mr. Hewitt's own dogs and cats so well that they would lie down and bask in the sun close to them. They always moved away from a strange man, and so they would from the lady who attended them if she made any great change in her dress. Audubon relates that he reared and tamed a wild turkey which always ran away from any strange dog; this bird escaped into the woods, and some days afterward Audubon saw, as he thought, a wild turkey and made his dog chase it; but to his astonishment the bird did not nm away, and the dog when he came up did not attack the bird, for they mutually recognized each other as old friends.
Mr. Jenner Weir is convinced that birds pay particular attention to the colors of other birds, sometimes out of jealousy and sometimes as a sign of kinship. Thus he turned a reed-bunting (Emberiza sehoeniculus), which had acquired its black headdress, into his aviary, and the newcomer was not noticed by any bird except by a bullfinch, which is likewise black-headed_ This bullfinch was a very quiet bird, and had never before quarreled with any of its comrades, including another reed-bunting, which had not as yet become black-headed; but the reed-bunting with a black head was so unmercifully treated that it had to be removed.

61. Why does Darwin cite Mr. Buxton?
A. To support his theory about birds' powers of observation.
B. To support his statement about birds' benevolence.
C. To contrast with his own observations of birds,
D. Both A and B.

62. Why does Darwin mention jays, partridges, canaries, and bullfinches?
A. To explain why some birds cannot be trained.
B. To educate his reader on types of local birds.
C. To contrast with a later discussion of shore birds.
D. To support his discussion of birds' memories.

63. What does Darwin mean by "a sign of kinship"
A. Mark of common parentage.
B. Premonition of future union.
C. Symbol of compatibility.
D. Evidence of family relationship.

64. A good title for paragraph 3 might be
A. "Different-Colored Birds"
B. "Bullfinches and Their Colors"
C. "An Example of Color Recognitiion in Birds"
D. "Captive Birds"

65. The main purpose of this passage is to
A. compare three species of birds
B. review current studies of birds
C. compare wild birds to confined birds
D. discuss some traits of birds

Passage 2

At the end of what seemed a tedious while, I had managed to pack my head full of islands, towns, bars, "points," and bends; and a curiously inanimate mass of lamber it was, too. However, inasmuch as I could shut my eyes and reel off a good long string of these names without leaving out more than ten miles of river in every filly, I began to feel that I could make her skip those little gaps. But of course my complacency could hardly get start enough to lift my nose a trifle into the air, before Mr. Bixby would think of something to fetch it down again. One day he turned on me suddenly with this settler:
"What is the shape of Walnut Bend?"
He might as well have asked me my grandmother's opinion of protoplasm( 原生质)。 I reflected respectfully, and then said I didn't know it had any particular shape. My gunpowdery chief went off with a bang, of course, and then went on loading and firing until he was out of adjectives.
I had learned long ago that he only carried just so many rounds of ammunition, and was sure to subside into a very placable and even remorseful old smoothbore as soon as they were all gone. That word "old" is merely affectionate; he was not more than thirty-four. I waited. By and by he said:
"My boy, you've got to know the shape of the river perfectly. It is all there is left to steer by on a very dark night Everything else is blotted out and gone. But mind you, it hasn't the same shape in the night that it has in the daytime."
"How on earth am I ever going to learn, then?"
"How do you follow a hall at home in the dark? Because you know the shape of it. You can't see it."
"Do you mean to say that I've got to know all the million trifling variations of shape in the banks of this interminable river as well as I know the shape of the front hall at home?"
"On my honor, you've got to know them better than any man ever did know the shapes of the has in his own house."
"I wish I was dead!"
"Now I don't want to discourage you, but" --
"Well pile it on me; ! might as well have it now as another time."
"You see, this has got to be learned; there isn't any getting around it A clear starlight night throws such heavy shadows that, if you didn't know the shape of a shore perfectly, you would claw away from every bunch of timber, because you would take the black shadow of it for a solid cape; and you see you would be getting scared to death every fifteen minutes by the watck You would be fifty yards from shore al the time when you ought to be within fifty feet of it. You can't see a snag in one of those shadows, but you know exactly where it is, and the shape of the river tells you when you are coming to it. Then there's your pitch-dark night; the river is a very different shape on a pitch-dark night from what it is on a starlight night. All shores seem to be straight lines, then, and mighty dim ones, too; and you'd nm them for straight lines, only you know better. You boldly drive your boat right into what seems to be a solid straight wall (you knowing very well that in reality there is a curve there), and that wall falls back and makes way for you. Then there's your gray mist. You take a night when there's one of these grisly, drizzly, gray mists, and then there isn't any particular shape to a shore. A gray mist would tangle the head of the oldest man that ever lived. Well, then different kinds of moonlight change the shape 0fthe river in different ways.

66. When Twain compares a question to asking his "grandmother's opinion of protoplasm" (line 10 ), he means that
A. the question is inane.
B. the speaker is very old.
C. he does not know the answer.
D. his grandmother would be able to respond.

67 Twain compares his chief to a gun point out the chief's
A. splendid posture
B. peppery temper
C. love of hunting
D. violent past

68. When Twain writes that Mr. Bixby "carried just so many rounds of ammunition," he means that
A. Bixby used a pistol to settle arguments
B. Bixby loaded and fired his gun at random
C. Bixby's gun was out of bullets
D. Bixby's hot temper would soon subside

69. Twain's reaction to Mr. Bixby's insistence on the need to know the river at night is
A. despair C. puzzlement
B. elation D. humility

70. Mr. Bixby is shown to be extremely
A. knowledgeable
B. rude
C. condescending
D. fearful

Passage 3

The United States court system, as part of the federal system of government, is characterized by dual judicial systems; there are both state and federal courts. Each state has its own system of courts, composed of civil and criminal trial courts, sometimes intermediate courts of appeal, and a state Supreme Court. The federal court system consists of a series of trial courts (called district courts) serving relatively small geographic regions (there is at least one for every state), a tier of circuit courts of appeal that hear appeals from many district courts in a particular geographic region, and the Supreme Court of the United Slates. The two court systems are to some extent overlapping, in that certain kinds of disputes may be initiated in either system. They are also to some extent hierarchical (等级制度的), for the federal system stands above the state system in that litigant (person engaged in lawsuits)who lose their cases in the state supreme court may appeal their eases to the Supreme Court of the United States.
Thus, the typical court case begins in a trial court-----a court of general jurisdiction-----in the state or federal system. Most cases go no further than the trial court; for example, the criminal defendant is convicted by a trial and sentenced by the court and the case end; the personal injury suit results in a judgment by a trial court (or an out-of-court settlement by the parties while the court suit is pending) and the parties leave the court system. But sometimes the losing party at the trial court cares enough about the cause that the matter does not end there. In these cases, the "loser" at the trial court may appeal to the next higher court.

71. What does the passage mainly discuss?
A. Civil and criminal trial courts.
B. Typical court cases.
C. The court system in the United States.
D. The appeal court process.

72. According to the passage, district courts are also known as .
A. circuit courts C. supreme courts
B. intermediate courts D. trial courts

73. In the last sentence of the first paragraph, "engaged in" means .
A. committed to C. involved in
B. attentive to D. absorbed in

74. The passage indicates that litigants who lose their cases in the state trial court may take them to a .
A. different court in the same state
B. federal trial court
C. state supreme court
D. court in another state

75. It can be inferred from the passage that typical court cases are .
A. always appealed
B. usually resolved in the district courts
C. always overlapping
D. usually settled by the Supreme Court

Passage 4

For 150 years scientists have tried to determine the solar constant, the amount of solar energy that reaches the Earth. Yet, even in the most cloud-free regions of the planet, the solar constant cannot be measured precisely. Gas molecules and dust particles in the atmosphere absorb and scatter sunlight and prevent some wavelengths of the light from ever reaching the ground.
With the advent of satellites, however, scientists have finally been able to measure the Sun's output without being impeded by the Earth's atmosphere. Solar Max, a satellite from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), has been measuring the Sun's output since February 1980. Although a malfunction in the satellite's control system limited its observation for a few years, the satellite was repaired in orbit by astronauts from the space shuffle in 1984. Max's observations indicate that the solar constant is not really constant after all.
The satellite's instruments have detected frequent, small variations in the Sun's energy output, generally amounting to no more than 0.05 percent of the Sun's mean energy output and lasting from a few days to a few weeks. Scientists believe these fluctuations coincide with the appearance and disappearance of large groups of sunspots on the Sun's disk. Sunspots are relatively dark regions on the Sun's surface that have strong magnetic fields and a temperature about 2,000 degrees Fahrenheit cooler than the rest of the Sun's surface. Particularly large fluctuations in the solar constant have coincided with sightings of large sunspot groups. In 1980, for example, Solar Max's instruments registered a 0.3 pement drop in the solar energy reaching the Earth. At that time a sunspot group covered about 0.6 percent of the solar disk, an area 20 times larger than the Earth's surface.
Long-term variations in the solar constant are more difficult to determine. Although Solar Max's data have indicated a slow and steady decline in the Sun's output. Some scientists have thought that the satellite's aging detectors might have become less sensitive over the years, thus falsely indicating a drop in the solar constant. This possibility was dismissed, however, by comparing solar Max's observations with data from a similar instrument Operating on NASA's Nimbus 7 weather satellite since 1978.

76. What does this passage mainly discuss?
A. The launching of a weather satellite.
B. The components of the Earth's atmosphere.
C. The measurement of variations in the solar constant
D. The interaction of sunlight and air pollution,

77. Why does the author mention "gas" and "dust" in line 3 ?
A. They magnify the solar constant.
B. They are found in varying concentrations.
C. Scientific equipment is mined by gas and dust
D. They interfere with accurate measurement of the solar constant.

78. According to the passage, scientists believe variations in the solar constant are related to
A. sunspot activity
B. unusual weather patterns
C. increased levels of dust
D. fluctuations in the Earth's temperature

79. Why did scientists think that Solar Max might be giving unreliable information?
A. Solar Max did not work for the first few years.
B. The space shuttle could not fix Solar Max's instruments.
C. Solar Max's instrument were getting old.
D. Nimbus 7 interfered with Solar Max's detectors.

80. The attempt to describe the solar constant can best be described as
A. an ongoing research effort
B. an issue that has been resolved
C. a question that can never be answered
D. historically interesting, but irrelevant to contemporary concerns

Passage 5

The economic expansion prompted by the Second World War triggered a spectacular population boom in the West. Of course, the region was no stranger to population booms. Throughout much of its history, western settlement had been characterized by spurts, rather than by a pattern of gradual and steady population growth, beginning with the gold and silver rushes of the 1850's and 1860's. The decade after the First World War --- the 1920's---witnessed another major surge of people pouring into the West, particularly into urban areas. But the economic depression of the 1930's brought this expansion to a halt; some of the more sparsely settled parts of the region actually lost population as migrants sought work in more heavily industrialized areas. By 1941 when the United States entered the Second World War and began to mobilize, new job opportunities were created in the western part of the nation.
If the expansion of industries, such as shipbuilding and aircraft manufacturing, was most striking on the pacific coast, it also affected interior cities like Denver, Phoenix, and Salt Lake City, Equally dramatic were the effects of the establishment of aluminum plants in Oregon and Washington and the burgeoning steel industry in Utah and California The flow of people into these areas provided an enormous impetus to the expansion of the service industries --- banks, health care services and schools. Although strained to the limit by the influx of newcomers, western communities welcomed the vast reservoir of new job opportunities. At the same time, the unprecedented expansion of government installations in the West, such as military bases, created thousands of new civilian openings. As land had served as a magnet for western migrants in the late nineteenth century, so wartime mobilization set in motion another major expansion of population. Indeed, it could be said that the entire western United States became a giant boomtown during the Second World War. This was especially true of California. Of the more than eight million people who moved into the West in the decade after 1940, almost one-half went to the Pacific coast. In fact, between 1940 and 1950, California's population surged by more than three million people.

81. What is the main point of the passage?
A. California dominated the economic growth of the West during the Second World War.
B. Industrial growth during the 1940's attracted large numbers of people to the West.
C. The military drew people away from civilian jobs during the 1940's.
D. The West experienced gradual and steady economic growth from 1900 to 1940.

82. The word "triggered" in line 1 is closest in meaning to
A. was connected to
B. generated
C. interfered with
D. illuminated

83. Why does the author mention "the gold and silver rushes of the 1850's and 1860's in the first paragraph?
A. As causes of gradual population growth
B. As contrasts to late patterns of population growth
C. As illustrations of a market economy.
D. As examples of western population booms.

84. According to the passage, the depression of the 1930's caused which of the following?
A. A lack of population growth in the West.
B. The building of new suburbs
C. A creation of more job opportunities.
D. A growth in immigration from abroad.

85. Which of the following statements about the shipbuilding industry is suggested by the passage?
A. It came into being during the First World War.
B. Many new shipbuilding yards were established on the Pacific coast during the 1940's.
C. Denver was considered to be a poor location for shipbuilding factories.
D. Shipbuilding was the dominant industry in Oregon and Washington.

Paper Two

VI. Translation (2S%) (30 minutes)
A. Directions: Translate the following into Chinese. 12%

Between 1500 and 1800, significant changes took place in the way educated Europeans saw their society. Important scientific discoveries were made and the enlightenment brought a new sense of responsibility and reason. In sprite of such changes, however, in the middle of the eighteenth century most people in the world (and perhaps most Europeans, too) could still believe that history would go on much as it seemed always to have done. The weight of the past was everywhere enormous and often it was immovable: some of the European efforts to shake it off have been touched upon, but nowhere outside Europe was even the possibility of doing so grasped. Though in many parts of the world a few people's lives had begun to be revolutionized by contact with Europeans, most of it was unaffected and much of it was untouched by such contamination of traditional ways.

B. Directions: Translate the following into English 13%

博士生是高等教育中具有最高学术水准的学生群体。他们将在可预见的未来肩负起建设祖国的重任，在本世纪中国经济的腾飞中起重要作用。因此，博士生应该不仅具有精深的知识和尖端的技术，而且有较高的思想道德素质。他们能高瞻远瞩，时时以国家和人民的利益为重。他们应该意志坚定，充满活力，富有自我牺牲精神。他们乐于奉献才干和智慧，同时积极主动，不袖手旁观或坐享其成。他们要严于律己，宽以待人，胸襟开阔，懂得尊重他人。他们会全力以赴，坚定不移地去追求崇高目标，直至成功。

VIL Writing (15%) 30minutes)
Directions: In this part, you are to write with 30 minutes a composition with On An All-Roundly Well-off Society as its title. Your composition should contain the three key points given below with a length of over 150 words, please remember to write clearly.

1. Your ideal all-roundly well-off society(全面小康的社会)
2. Some disadvantageous factors preventing China from realizing this goal
3. Possible solutions

华东师范大学2003年博士生入学英语考试答案

Part One
Part I Listening Comprehension

Section A
1-5 ABCDB 6-10 BACDB
Section B
11-15 ABCDA 16-20 BAABA

Part II Vocabulary
21-35 ACCDB 26-30 ABDCA
31-35 DBDAD 36-40 ADBCC
41-45 CBBAD 46-50 BCCDA

Part III Error Identification
51-55 CCCBB 56-60 ABABC

Part IV Reading
61-65 BDDCD 66-70 CBDAA
71-75 CDCCB 76-80 CDACB
81-85 BBDAB

Part Two
Part VI Translation

A.
1500年至1800年间，有教养的欧洲人观察和理解社会的方式发生了重大的变化。当时许多重大的科学发现相继问世，启蒙运动给人们带来了一种全新的责任感和理性。然而，面对这些巨变，在18世纪中叶，世界上大多数人（或许也是欧洲的大多数人）仍然相信，历史将一如既往地延续。历史的包袱无处不在，如同磐石，难以摆脱：人们已谈到欧洲人为摆脱这种历史重负所作的某些艰难尝试，但是，当时在欧洲以外的任何地区，人们甚至对这种尝试的可能性都难以理解。尽管在许多地区，少数人通过与欧洲人的接触开始从根本上改变其工作方式，然而世界上大部分地区并未受到欧洲传统方式的玷污。

B.
Doctorate applicants are the group of students who have the highest academic level in higher learning. They will shoulder heavy responsibility for the construction of our country (They will be charged with important tasks of constructing our country) in the foreseeable future, and play a big role/part in China’s economic take-off this century. Therefore, they should not only have extensive and profound knowledge, master advanced techniques, but also have high ideological and moral standards. They should be able to look far ahead, aim high, and place the benefits of our country and people above everything else. They should be firm, vigorous and full of spirit of self-sacrifice. They are willing to devote their talent and wisdom. Meanwhile, they are to be active and initiative without looking on or seeking easy way out. With breadth of mind, they should be self-disciplined and tolerant of others, knowing how to respect them. They will go all out (do their endeavor) to pursue their noble goal persistently until they succeed.

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25楼发表于: 2007-05-11

只看该作者 ┊ 小中大

2005年华东师大博士生英语入学试卷

考试须知 1）本考卷共包括九大项，共18页。考试时间为180分钟，满分100分。
2）试卷中Paper One各项答案按相应题号一律用铅笔划线填入答题卡。
3）Paper Two各项用钢珠笔答在答题纸上，字迹需清晰端正。
Paper One
Part I Listening comprehension (15%)
Section A (5%)
Directions: In this section you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question
will be asked about what was said. Each conversation and question will be spoken only once. After each
question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four suggested answers marked A, B, C
and D, and decide which one is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet I with a
single line through the centre.
1. A Her money was stolen. B A man kicked her. C She fell sick. D She was disgraced.
2. A London. B Berlin. C Rome. D Paris.
3. A The woman is joking. B The refrigerator doesn’t work well. C He’s leaving in three weeks.
D It’s not surprising the milk ruined.
4. A She’s a heavy smoker. B She’s playing the organ. C She can’t hear well. D She’s a plumber.
5. A The woman lost her memory last year. B The woman had trouble finding anyone who knew her.
C The woman wanted other people to form a fair opinion about her. D The woman was seriously injured last winter.
6. A The woman should go to work right now. B The woman should know when to ask for help.
C The man doesn’t think it worthwhile to repair the car. D The man doesn’t want to help the woman.
7.A Rest more frequently. B Quit her job. C Take a leave of absence. D Confront her supervisor.
8. A His wife does not like Scotland. B His wife is afraid of traffic accidents.
C His wife has been unwell recently. D His wife has a personal problem.
9. A Jim's superior attitude. B Jim's irrelevant response. C Jim's choice of subject. D Jim's negligence.
10. A It is difficult. B It is a piece of cake. C It is interesting. D It is a well-paid job.
Section B (10%)
Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some
questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear one question, you must
choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on
Answer Sheet I with a single line through the centre.
Passage I
11. A Animals yawn for a number of reasons. B Yawning results only from fatigue or boredom.
C Human yawns are the same as those of other animals. D Only social animals yawn.
12. A When they are swimming. B When they are quarreling. C When they are socializing. D When they are eating.
13. A To exercise the jaw muscles. B To eliminate fatigue. C To get greater strength for attacking.
D To gain more oxygen.
Passage II
14. A A good actor who thinks he is bad. B A bad actor who thinks he is good. C A clown.
D An actor in some American minstrel shows.
15. A He tries to poison other actors whenever there is such a chance. B He forgets his lines most of the time.
C He tries to attract the audience’s attention by all means. D He quarrels with other actors all the time.
16. A 1. B 2. C 3.D 4.
Passage III
17.A It had people talking on it. B It had animal songs on it. C It had computer songs on it.
D It had children singing on it.
18. A The musicians played their own instruments. B The musicians turned on the stereo.
C The musicians pressed keys on a computer. D The musicians designed the computer programs.
19. A He wanted his children to hear them.B He knew that there would be a lot more sounds to record.
C He wanted to use his new stereo. D He knew that he could sell them for a lot of money.
20. A people yelling B oil well drilling C cars and trucks movingD mountain rocks cracking
Part II Vocabulary and Structure (15%)
Directions: Below each sentence, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best
ompletes the sentence or that is closest in meaning to the underlined word in the sentence.Write the
corresponding letter on Answer SheetⅠ.
21. They were in a dreadful when their money, tickets and passports were stolen while they were on holiday.
A conspiracy B plight C serenity D custody
22. Undoubtedly the flood could have been if the local government had invested more money in greening the environment.
A put off B turned off C kept off D written off
23. The accountant thousands of dollars from the charity while appearing to be its best fundraiser.
A donated B validated C embezzled D certify
24. A healthy diet includes lots of natural food with plenty of proteins and vitamins.
A indigestible B wholesome C leftover D heavy
25. There are several between the original estimates of the cost and the actual bills.
A exaggerations B discrepancies C breakthroughs D compliances
26. To everybody’s surprise, the referee took a view of the foul and did not punish the player at all.
A lenient B divergent C dim D cautious
27. This week ten top designers will their autumn collections at the fashion fair.
A enhance B lubricate C hustle D. unveil
28. Depressed, overworked, and by those people whom he owed money, he decided to put an end to his problems.
A bewitched B bewildered C besmirched D beset
29. The terrible accounting error was corrected just before the ledger was .
A audited B overlooked C endowed D registered
30. She was an experienced traveler who had both Africa and Europe in her twenties.
A traversed B transferred C trampled D trespassed
31. Yesterday afternoon a multitude of people attended the fund raising presentation in the mall.
A small number B special group C huge crowd D youthful team
32. During the civil war, many foreign establishments were seized by some warring factions.
A taken off B taken out C taken over D taken on
33. The president’s compassion for the neighboring refugees caused him to admit a very large number of them into his country.
A friendship B pity C respect D hostility
34. Mr. Del Rio was asked to condense his report in order to allow his audience some time to ask questions.
A abbreviate B expand C continue D delay
35. Egyptian authorities are trying to prevent their historical monuments from succumbing to the ravages of time.
A standing by B counting on C yielding to D holding up
36. Realizing that many readers find long descriptive passages uninteresting, Bruce began his story with an exciting conflict.
A melancholy B tedious C incredible D offensive
37. The cat remained utterly still for a full minute, blue eyes blazing in the dark mask.
A completely B somewhat C rather D partially
38. The old lady was worn out when she got home from the long walk along the river.
A exhausted B excited C refreshed D contented
39. Jonah dropped in on some old friends on his vacation trip to Philadelphia.
A met B visited C missed D greeted
40. Frank considered the problem in his mind for two days before he did something about it.
A turned out B turned to C turned on D turned over
41. Although Jack and I had not met for over 20 years I recognized him I saw him.
A just as B even though C the minute D as long as
42. for his illness, he would have come to help you paint your house.
A Not being B Not having been C Had it not been D Having it not been
43. The father, who was illiterate, said to his son that he was dog to learn new tricks.
A too old a B a too old C so old a D a so old
44.Although he is very fat, Jack doesn’t fancy on a strict diet.
A to put B putting C to be put D being put
45. Much I liked Mary, I hated the superior tone that she sometimes took with me.
A while B as C since D for
46. she was living in London that she met her husband Terry.
A Just when B During the time when C Soon after D It was while
47. The waves violently against the shore, people couldn’t hear them crying for help.
A beating B had beaten C beat D were beating
48. Mary would rather her boyfriend in the same college as she does.
A studies B studied C study D to study
49. It is well known that everything on earth is subjected the law of nature.
A by B with C to D from
50. You’re responsible to is in charge of sales.
A who B whom C whoever D that
Part III Error Identification (5%)
Directions: There are four underlined words or parts marked A, B, C and D in each of the following entences.
Choose the one that you think incorrect, and write the corresponding letter on Answer SheetⅠ.
51. Using the new digital tools available makes this process more easier since the data can be transferred
A B C D
directly to the computer.
52. One of the most common and serious problems facing by the aged is that of making ends meet from one
A B C
day to the next.
D
53. If the number of smoking keep on rising, by the second or third decade of the next century there could be
A B C
10 million deaths each year from smoking-related illness.
D
54. The temperature in the coastal city this summer hit a record high for the year, peaked at a scorching 37.1
A B C D
degree centigrade.
55. It is important that students will know how to deal with multi-sense words in English.
A B C D
56. At no time in history there has been such a mass migration of people from countryside to city as is
A B C D
happening now.
57. She as well as the other students have learned how to install this electric equipment.
A B C D
58. Manufacturing companies spend millions of pounds trying to convince customers that their products are
A B C
superior than those of other companies.
D
59. It was not until the end of Second World War when petroleum and natural gas liquids took the lead as
A B C
number one fuel.
D
60. Were it not for her lack of experience she will be the ideal person for the job.
A B C D
Part IV Reading Comprehension (25%)
Directions: Read the following five passages carefully, choose the best answer to each question from the four
choices given below, and then write the corresponding letter on Answer SheetⅠ.
Passage One
For much of the world, the death of Richard Nixon was the end of a complex public life. But researchers who study bereavement wondered if it didn’t also signify the end of a private grief. Had the former president merely run his fourscore and one, or had he fallen victim to a pattern that seems to afflict longtime married couples: one spouse quickly following the other to the grave?
Pat, Nixon’s wife of 53, died last June after a long illness. No one knows for sure whether her death contributed to his. After all, he was elderly and had a history of serious heart disease. Researchers have long observed that the death of a spouse particularly a wife is sometimes followed by the untimely death of the grieving survivor. Historian Will Durant died 13 days after his wife and collaborator, Ariel; Buckminster Fuller and his wife died just 36 hours apart. Is this more than coincidence?
“Part of the story, I suspect, is that we men are so used to ladies feeding us and taking care of us,” says Knul Helsing, an epidemiologist at the Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, “that when we lose a wife we go to pieces. We don’t know how to take care of ourselves.” In one of several studies Helsing has conducted on bereavement, he found that widowed men had higher mortality rates than married men in every age group. But, he found that widowers who remarried enjoyed the same lower mortality rate as men who’d never been widowed.
Women’s health and resilience may also suffer after the loss of a spouse. In a 1987 study of widows, researchers from the University of California, Los Angeles, and UC, San Diego, found that they had a dramatic decline in levels of important immune-system cells that fight off disease. Earlier studies showed reduced immunity in widowers.
For both men and women, the stress of losing a spouse can have a profound effect. “All sorts of potentially harmful medical problems can be worsened,” says Gerald Davison, professor of psychology at the University of Southern California. People with high blood pressure, for example, may see it rise. In Nixon’s case, Davison speculates, “the stroke, although not caused directly by the stress, was probably hastened by it.” Depression can affect the surviving spouse’s will to live; suicide rates are elevated in the bereaved, along with accidents not involving cars.
Involvement in life helps prolong it. Mortality, says Duke University psychiatrist Daniel Blazer, is higher in older people without a good social-support system, who don’t feel they’re part of a group or a family, that they “fit in” somewhere. And that’s a more common problem for men, who tend not to have as many close friendships as women. The sudden absence of routines can also be a health hazard, says Blazer. “A person who loses a spouse shows deterioration in normal habits like sleeping and eating,” he says. “They don’t have the other person to orient them, like “When do you go to bed, when do you wake up, when do you eat, when do you take your medication, when do you go out to take a walk?” Your pattern is no longer locked into someone else’s pattern, so it deteriorates.”
While earlier studies suggested that the first six months to a year – or even first week – were times of higher mortality for the bereaved, some newer studies find no special vulnerability in this initial period. Most men and women, of course do not as a result of the loss of a spouse. And there are ways to improve the odds. A strong sense of separate identity and lack of over-dependency during the marriage are helpful. Adult sons and daughters, siblings and friends need to pay special attention to a newly widowed parent. They can make sure that he or she is socializing, getting proper nutrition and medical care, expressing emotion and above all, feeling needed and appreciated.
61. It is known from the passage that Richard Nixon died at the age of .
A 73 B 81 C 77 D 65
62. According to researchers who study bereavement, Richard Nixon’s death might be .
A caused by his heart disease B indirectly linked to his wife’s death
C the inevitable result of old age D caused by an unexplainable accident
63. In his research on bereavement, Helsing found that .
A remarried men live healthier lives B unmarried men have the longest life expectancies
C remarried widowers do not have higher mortality rates than those who have never been widowed
D widows were unaffected by their spouses’ death
64. According to the passage a spouse’s death can lead the surviving one to .
A lose his or her friends B diminish social activitiesC be vulnerable to illness D reject his or her children’s care
65.It is suggested in the passage that widowers or widows suffer from the death of their spouses because they are .
A unprepared for independence during the marriage B incapable of taking care of themselves during the marriage
C unwilling to socialize with others during the marriage D too indulgent during the marriage
Passage Two
No agricultural operation has ever been invested with so much glamour as the making of maple syrup. We tapped about two hundred trees, few enough for us to know the personality of each. In a hollow on the south-east corner of the woods was a vast gnarled specimen which always had its three small red buckets full and often running over. I still think of that tree with affection, admiration, and gratitude. On the more exposed westerly side of the wood were almost equally sizeable specimens which scarcely produced a drop. We regarded them with dislike and resentment. Like certain politicians they had successfully divorced promise from performance.
Sap in those days was collected in a wooden tub mounted on a sleigh. A circular track wound through the black, silent woods. The horses pulled the tub on the sleighs from point to point along this track. At each stop we fanned out with large pails to collect the sap from the bucket attached to each tree. If the sap was running well there might be a pleasant air of urgency about this task for numerous buckets would be spilling over. The sap was then boiled in a flat rectangular pan, about three feet by six or seven, which sat on a cement arch over a vigorous log fire. Immediately behind the arch, from which the operation could be watched, and with the whole front open to the fire, was the small, tin-roofed shed. There is no aroma on earth like that of boiling sap. In good years it was necessary to boil all night to keep abreast of the run. Then hour after hour the white steam billowed off into the black night or, on occasion, rolled into the shed as a special reward. Neighbors who did not make syrup came across the fields and through the woods to sit and watch the fire and the steam and enjoy the smell. One could take a dipper, dip out a pint or two of the thickening sap, cool it in a snowbank, and drink it all.
The flavor of the syrup then produced was far better than what a less fortunate generation now gets. I learned the reason in what I believe was my first introduction to scientific investigation. Two brothers named John and Angus McNabb went into production of maple syrup on a commercial basis: they bought covered buckets and an evaporator and a galvanized tank for the sap and set out to make a quality product. It was completely tasteless and Jim McKillop showed them why.
As the sap dripped into the open buckets, quite a few dried leaves fell in too. A large number of brown moths were also attracted by the moisture, sugar, or both. So were the field mice. Jim rightly suspected that these had something to do with the flavor and on the night of the experiment he put a quart or so of water into a sap bucket and added a handful of moths, two dead mice, and several milligrams of mouse droppings which he had got from a mouse’s nest. He boiled all of this into a good thick stock and added it to a gallon of the insipid McNabb syrup. There was no question; the flavor was miraculously improved.
66. The writer and his associates liked or disliked the ‘personality’ of a tree according to the .
A part of the woods in which it grew B amount of sap that it yielded
C size that it eventually reached D amount of time spent tapping it
67. How was the sleigh used to collect the sap?
A It moved continuously around the circular track. B It stopped twice on the track.
C It stopped at every red bucket. D It stopped frequently around the track.
68. What made the work at the shed an especially enjoyable occasion?
A The smell of the boiling sap. B The way it brought the neighbors along.
C The warmth of the fire. D The smell of the wood fire.
69. The McNabb brothers bought the new equipment because they .
A wanted to investigate scientific production methods B wanted to make a less strong-tasting syrup
C wanted a product of marketable quality D thought their neighbors’ methods were old-fashioned
70. Jim McKillop’s experiment proved that much of the flavor of syrup made by the traditional method was produced by .
A the sugar which collected in the open buckets B things that accidentally fell into the buckets
C keeping the buckets covered D using equipment made of wood
Passage Three
As journalism becomes more and more competitive, all of us – whether in broadcast news or in print (some may want to argue that this is true more of broadcast news, and I perhaps wouldn’t want to debate that) – are falling back on the tried and true local news formulas. We have, by and large, accepted the proposition that people don’t care about foreign news, don’t really care much about hard news at all – that “feel-good” news, entertainment, “info-tainment”, features, and gossip sell better than anything serious and certainly sell better than anything too disturbing.
I believe that kind of talk is wrong. I believe that kind of talk is dangerous. And I know that kind of talk has nothing to do with leadership and public service. Using public opinion polls, focus groups, and other market research techniques in a limited role as informational tools is one thing; using them as an excuse to duck our responsibility to the public trust is quite another. And for journalists to become slaves to market research – like the politicians before us – is, I submit, most dangerous of all. Where are the publishers, editors, and reporters of grit, gumption, and guts? Where are the ones who will follow their conscience or even their “nose for news” instead of the public opinion polls? Harry Truman once said that, if Moses had taken a public opinion poll, he would never have left Egypt.
Of course, there is one special problem for those of us who earn our living reporting the news that others make. Leadership requires definite opinions on which course to take, what path to follow; but those of us in the mainstream media are trained to set our opinions aside as far as humanly possible. We try to keep open minds; by and large, we aren’t joiners. We know (often better than we’re given credit for) that we don’t have any secret formulas for answering the important questions. So we can justifiably ask: “How are we to lead?” I know that we in the media are. George Bernard Shaw once observed that newspapers are unable to distinguish between a bicycle accident and the collapse of civilization. For us, leadership should be the willingness to distinguish between what’s merely interesting and what’s vitally important.
Now, when someone says that some stories are more important than others, he or she is often labeled an elitist, someone who just doesn’t understand what “real people” care about. This is, of course, the familiar defense for trash television and trash tabloids. And it’s also the reason given for reducing foreign news coverage, as well as coverage of political campaigns. There are a lot of people in the business who say “real people” won’t care unless it bleeds or burns. There are a lot of doctors and market researchers out there who insist that “real people” don’t care much what happens in the rest of the world – they want the words American and the United States plastered all over their news like flags crowding a campaign platform.
71. Which of the following words can substitute duck in the second paragraph?
A Shoulder B Assume C Dodge D Confront
72. What did Harry Truman mean by saying that “if Moses had taken a public opinion poll, he would never have left Egypt?”
A Moses did not want to leave Egypt, but he was forced to.
B Moses should have taken a public opinion poll before he made the decision.
C Moses left Egypt because he did not take a public opinion poll.
D Anyone who wants to do something great shall act resolutely.
73. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?
A In the U.S., local news had a wider coverage than foreign news. B Local news is more serious than foreign news.
C “Real people” favor foreign news over local news. D Foreign news is forbidden in the U.S.
74. The tone of the passage is .
A commanding B ironical C critical D appreciative
75. According to the writer, the media should .
A report what the “real people” like B base their decisions on the public opinion
C have their own judgment in what is to be broadcast D learn from the politicians in making strategies
Passage Four
Imagine arriving at a beach at the end of a long summer of wild goings-on. The beach crowd is exhausted, the sand shopworn, hot, and full of debris – no place for walking barefoot. You step on a bottle, and some cop yells at you for littering. The sun is directly overhead and leaves no patch of shade that hasn’t already been taken. You feel the glare beating down on a barren landscape devoid of secrets or innocence. You look around at the disapproving faces and can’t help but sense that, somehow, the entire universe is gearing up to punish you.
This is how today’s young people feel as members of what 30-year-old writer Nancy Smith calls “the generation after. Born after 1960, after you, after it all happened.” After Boomers. And before the Babies-on-Board of the 1980s, those cuddly tykes deemed too cute and fragile to be left home alone. Who does the leave stuck in the middle? Eighty million young men and women, ranging in age from 11 to 31. They make up the biggest generation in American history (yes, bigger than the Boom); the most diverse generation – ethnically, culturally, economically, and in family structure; the only generation born since the Civil War to come of age unlikely to match their parents’ economic fortunes; and the only one born this century to grow up personifying (to others) not the advance, but the decline of their society’s greatness.
As they shield their eyes with Ray-Ban Wayfarer sunglasses, and their ears with their Model TCD-D3 Sony Walkmen, today’s teens and twenties tone-setters look shocking on the outside, unknowable on the inside. To older eyes, they present a splintered image of brassy sights and smooth manner. Families aside, what the older crowd knows of them comes mostly from a mix of film cuts, celebrity blurbs, sports reports, and crime files.
Are they a “generation”? Yes, with a personality that reaches across the board---rich and poor, black and white, Hispanic and Asian, male and female, celebrity and everyman. Whatever a 15- or 25-year-old’s individual circumstances, he or she can sense a composite personality, a generational core. It’s something each individual can help define, “slack” within, or fight against – but cannot easily ignore. The simple fact of ethnic and socioeconomic diversity (in contrast to the far greater homogeneity found in older generations) is an essential part of this persona.
Yes, this is a generation with a PR problem. Its collective reputation comes from young celebrities and criminals, from the biggest stories of success and failure. Yet most in their teens and twenties are quick to insist that people cover stories and police blotters tell little about them personally, about their circles of friends, about their lives in school or on the job, about what it means to come of age in 1990s America. And, they insist, their generation will remain a mystery until elders take the trouble to block out the iconography and look more discerningly at the young men and women in daily American life.
76. It can be inferred from the passage that the writer feels the current generation of youth in America .
A is looked down upon B is extremely arrogant C has great potential for success
D represents the advance of America’s greatness
77. Judging by the context, the word “iconography” in the last paragraph means .
A image B past experiences C criticism D statistics
78. According to the passage, the present generation of youth differs greatly from older generations .
A in its homogeneity B in its ambitions C in its education D in its knowledge
79. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?
A The current generation has a healthy self-esteem B The current generation is largely misunderstood.
C The current generation will likely be as wealthy as their parents.
D The current generation has ruined American beaches.
80. The phrase “devoid of” in the first paragraph can be replaced by .
A caught up in B swarming with C bereft of D depraved by
Passage Five
I had visited the capital before although my friend Arthur had not, I first visited London as a student, reluctantly released from the bosom of a tearful mum, with a traveling trunk stuffed full of home-made fruit cakes and woolly vests. I was ill-prepared for the Spartan standards of the South. Through even the grimmest post-war days, as kids we had ploughed our way through corner cuts of beef and steamed puddings. So you can imagine my dismay when I arrived, that first day, at my London digs to be faced with a plate of tuna-paste sandwiches and a thin slice of cake left curling under a tea-towel. And that was supposed to be Sunday lunch!
When I eventually caught up with my extremely irritating landlady, I met with a vision of splendor more in keeping with the Royal Enclosure at the races than the area in which she lived. Festooned with jewels and furs and plastered with exclusive cosmetics, she was a walking advert for Bond Street.
Now, we have a none too elegant but very apt phrase for this in the North of England, and it was the one my friend Arthur came up with to describe London after three days there: ‘All fur coat and nothing underneath’.
Take our hotel. The reception area was plush and inviting, the lounge and dining-room posh enough to start Arthur speaking ‘properly’. But journey upstairs from one landing to the next, and the veneers of civilization fell away before your eyes. By the time we reached our room, all pretension to refinement and comfort had disappeared. The fur coat was off (back in the hands of the hire purchase company), and what we were really expected to put up with for a small fortune a night was exposed in all its shameful nakedness. It was little more than a garret, a shabby affair with patched and peeling walls. There was a stained sink with pipes that grumbled and muttered all night long and an assortment of furnishings that would have disgraced Her Majesty’s Prison Service. But the crowning glory was the view from the window. A peek behind the handsome façade of our fabled city. Rank gardens choked with rubbish; all the debris of life piled against the back door. It was a good job the window didn’t open, because from it all arose the unmistakable odor of the abyss.
Arthur, whose mum still polishes her back step and disinfects her dustbin once a week, slumped on to the bed in a sudden fit of depression. ‘Never mind’, I said, drawing the curtains. ‘You can watch telly.’ This was one of the hotel’s luxuries, which in the newspaper ad had persuaded us we were going to spend the week in style. It turned out to be a yellowing plastic thing with a picture which rolled over and over like a floundering fish until you took your fist to it. But Arthur wasn’t going to be consoled by any cheap technological gimmicks.
He was sure his dad had forgotten to feed his pigeons and that his dogs were pining away for him. He grew horribly homesick. After a terrible night spent tossing and turning to a ceaseless cacophony of pipes and firedoors, traffic, drunks and low-flying aircraft, Arthur surfaced next day like a claustrophobic mole. London had got squarely on top of him. Seven million people had sat on him all night, breathed his air, generally fouled his living space, and come between him and that daily quota of privacy and peace which prevents us all from degenerating into mad axemen or reservoir poisoners.
Arthur had to be got out of London for a while.
81. When the writer first came to the capital .
A he had been very reluctant to leave his mother B his mother had not wanted him to leave home
C he had made no preparations for his journey south D he had sent his possessions on ahead in a trunk
82. The writer was surprised at what he received for Sunday lunch because .
A food had always been plentiful at home B he had been used to grimmer times at home
C things had been difficult after the war up North
D beef had always been available from the butcher on the corner at home
83. The landlady seemed to epitomize a phrase used in the North of England to indicate that things were .
A tender underneath the surface B vulnerable to the outside world C more profound than they seemed D beautiful but only superficially
84. The room which the writer and his friend were to share .
A was more suited to housing prisoners than hotel guests B had a magnificent view from one of its windows
C had a door which provided access to a rubbish tip D was situated above some foul-smelling gardens
85. The writer feels that in order to remain sane, one needs a certain amount of .
A physical exercise B fresh air C daily nourishment D breathing space
Paper Two
Part V Translation (25%)
Section A (12%)
Directions: Translate the following English passage into Chinese. Write your version on Answer Sheet II.
The idea that public status comes with a loss of privacy is unpersuasive. Far more persuasive is the thought that a person’s privacy may be breached if the information disclosed serves a proven public interest. A code of press practice specifies the various conditions that could count as involving a genuine public interest in publication, such as detecting or exposing crime, protecting public health, preventing the public from being misled. Showing public officials to be corrupt, grossly inefficient, criminally negligent, or dishonest is certainly in the public’s interest, provided that these failings bear directly on their performance of their public duties. Thus, for example, a revealing that a minister is a highly paid non-executive director of a company which regularly seeks contracts with the government is a matter for public concern. However, the majority of cases where privacy is breached touch on matters of sexual morality and it is much harder to see how the public interest is served by their disclosure.
Section B (13%)
Directions: Translate the following Chinese passage into English. Write your version on Answer Sheet II.
可以相当有把握地预言，未来的机械所需要的动力将主要是原子能。到那时候，世界上的煤和石油已全部用光，风力和潮汐将不被人们所重视，而通过分裂原子即可获得的原子能因使用更为方便，将备受欢迎。使用原子能的方法目前还是一个严加保守的秘密，但对未来的人们说来，则将成为常识。由于可以获得无穷无尽的动力使整个世界正常运转，未来的公民们将具有比我们现在更高的生活水平和更多的闲暇。这样，人类就可以把一部分精力从赚取足够的钱财以求生存下去这种单调的需要中解放出来，将它用于享受更大的人生乐趣，用于更全面地征服大自然。
Part VI Writing (15%)
Directions: In this part you are to write a composition of about 200 words based on the following topic. Please
write your composition on Answer Sheet Ⅱ.
The Power of Humor

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炎焱

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27楼发表于: 2007-05-22

只看该作者 ┊ 小中大

中科院考博士英语翻译试题和作文
汉译英翻译：
伟大艺术的美学鉴赏和伟大科学观念的理解都需要智慧。但是，随后的感受升华和情感又是分不开的。没有情感的因素，我们的智慧很难开创新的道路；没有智慧，情感也无法达到完美的成果。艺术和科学事实上是一个硬币的两面。它们源于人类活动的最高尚的部分，都追求着深刻性、普遍性、永恒性和富有意义
作文：
Directions： Write an essay of at least 150 words on the topic given below. Use the proper space on your Answer SheetⅡ

TOPIC

With her entry into the WTO, China is being plunged into an international competition for talents, and in particular, for higher-level talents. To face this new challenge, China must do something, among other things, to reform her graduate (postgraduate) education system. State your opinion about this reform, and give the solid supporting details to your viewpoint.[

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zdaxiang

级别: 初级博友

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28楼发表于: 2007-05-22

只看该作者 ┊ 小中大

北京大学2007年比较文学考试试题中外文学部分

中外文学部分

一、越南、朝鲜等地“汉文学”和“中国文学”的差异性。
二、列举19世纪中期前的四中日本文学体裁。
三、从现代叙事学角度分析《水浒》的特点。
四、以具体例子分析法国荒诞派戏剧的艺术特点。
五、分析鲁迅作品女性形象的差异性。
六、分析但丁《神曲》反映的宇宙观。
我也来一个

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lkl_2066

级别: 免费考博游客

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29楼发表于: 2007-06-02

只看该作者 ┊ 小中大

http://www.freekaobo.com2004年人大民法考博试题 dbo[k/~P
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