71.Schallert issued a warning to those who__________. aa!o::;
A.believe in the possibility of rewiring the brain =]r<xON%S
B are ignorant of physiotherapy in the clinic Y{P0?`
C.add exercise to partially paralyzed limbs k@1\UL
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D.are on the verge of a stroke
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72.which of the following is Schallert’s hypothesis for his investigation? %X(iAoxbj
A.Earlier intervention should lead to even more dramatic improvements. o"F=3b~:n
B.The critical period for brain damage is one week after injury SH# -3&$[
C.A partially paralyzed limb can cause brain damages <uUH r,#
D.physiotherapy is the key to brain recovery Gni<@;}
73. The results from Schallert’s research________. Y#3<w
A.reinforced the significance of physiotherapy after a stroke b(8#*S!U
B.indicated the fault with his experiment design .Y}~2n
C.turned out the opposite u~Zx9>f
Dverified his hypothesis tHez S~t_
74.The results made Schallert’s team aware of the fact that_______. m,i @
A.glutamate can have toxic effects on healthy nerve sells 3ifQKKcR{
B.exercise can boost the release of glutamate ;eYm+e^?.
C.glutamate is a neurotransmitter i
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D.all of the above ,DU D 4 [3
75.Schallert would probably advise clinicians________. `Pa z
A.to administer drugs to block the effects of glutamate. |E/ r64T
B.to be watchful of the amount of exercise for stroke victims &)4#0L4
C.to prescribe vigorous exercise to stroke victims one week after injury NRU&GCVwu
D.to reconsider the significance of physiotherapy to brain damage 4-RzWSFbo`
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Passage Four i7hWBd4wK
Our understanding of cities in anything more than casual terms usually starts with observations of their spatial form and structure at some point or cross-section in time. This is the easiest way to begin, for it is hard to assemble data on how cities change through time, and in any case, our perceptions often betray us into thinking of spatial structures as being resilient and long lasting. Even where physical change is very rapid, this only has an impact on us when we visit such places infrequently, after years away. Most of our urban theory, whether it emanates from the social sciences or engineering, is structured around the notion that spatial and spatial and social structures changes slowly, and are sufficiently inert for us to infer reasonable explanations from cross-sectional studies. In recent years, these assumptions have come to be challenged, and in previous editorials I have argued the need for a more temporal emphasis to our theories and models, where the emphasis is no longer on equilibrium but on the intrinsic dynamics of urban change. Even these views, however, imply a conventional wisdom where the real focus of urban studies is on processes that lead to comparatively slow changes in urban organization, where the functions determining such change are very largely routine, accomplished over months or years, rather than any lesser cycle of time. There is a tacit assumption that longer term change subsumes routine change on a day-to day or hour-basis, which is seen as simply supporting the fixed spatial infrastructures that we perceive cities to be built around. Transportation modeling, for example, is fashioned from this standpoint in that routine trip-making behavior is the focus of study, its explanation being central to the notion that spatial structures are inert and long lasting. !g=2U` j^
76.We, according to the passage, tend to observe cities. p*F.WxB)4
A.chronologically B.longitudinally L1'R6W~%dN
C. sporadically D. horizontally hS<lUG!9UJ
77. We think about a city as ______. #~(J
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A. a spatial event B. a symbolical world 6M({T2e
C. a social environment D. an interrelated system b^WTX
78. Cross-sectional studies show that cities ________. q~QB?+ x&
A. are structured in three dimensions B. are transformed rapidly in any aspect -:mT8'.F -
C. are resilient and long lasting through time D. change slowly in spatial and social structures WCf?_\cG
79. The author is drawing our attention to_______. 3i KBVN
A.the equilibrium of urban spatial structures B. the intrinsic dynamics of urban change 0$8iWL
C.the fixed spatial infrastructure D. all of the above vwA d6Tm
80. The conventional notion, the author contends,_________. NJ 6*
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A. presents the inherent nature of a city B.underlies the fixed spatial infrastructures Am
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C.places an emphasis on lesser cycles of time D. hinders the physical change of urban structure 46 p%y
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Passage Five x6
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When it is sunny in June, my father gets in his first cutting of hay. He starts on the creek meadows, which are flat, sandy, and hot. They are his driest land. This year, vacationing from my medical practice, I returned to Vermont to help him with the haying. :PJ 5~7C
The heft of a bale(大捆)through my leather gloves is familiar: the tautness of the twine, the heave of the bale, the sweat rivers that run through the hay chaff on my arms. This work has the smell of sweet grass and breeze. I walk behind the chug and clack of baler, moving the bales into piles so my brother can do the real work of picking them up later. As hot as the air is, my face is hotter. I am surprised at how soon I get tired. I take a break and sit in the shade, watching my father bale, trying not to think about how old he is, how the heat affects his heart, what might happen. E'_3 U5U
This is not my usual work, of course. My usual work is to sit with patients and listen to them. Occasionally I touch them, and am glad that my hands are soft. I don’t think my patients would like farmer callouses and dirty hands on their tender spots. Reluctantly I feel for lumps in breasts and testicles, hidden swellings of organs and joints, and probe all the painful places in my patients’ lives. There are many. Perhaps I am too soft, could stand callouses of a different sort. " ,9QqgY+
I feel heavy after a day’s work, as if all my patients were inside me, letting me carry them, I don’t mean to. But where do I put their stories? The childhood beatings, ulcers from stress, incapacitating depression, fears, illness? These are not my experiences, yet I feel them and carry them with me. Try to find healthier meanings, I spent the week before vacation crying. =t,}I\_^c
The hay field is getting organized. Piles of three and four bales are scattered around the field. They will be easy to pick up. Dad climbs, tired and lame, from the tractor. I hand him a jar of ice water, and he looks with satisfaction on his job just done. I’ll stack a few more bales and maybe drive the truck for my brother. My father will have some appreciative customers this winter, as he sells his bales of hay. yL ?dC"c
I’ve needed to feel this heaviness in my muscles, the heat on my face. I an taunted by the simplicity of this work, the purpose and results, the definite boundaries of the fields, the dimensions of the bales, for illness is not defined by the boundaries of bodies; it spills into families, homes, schools and my office, like hay tumbling over the edge of the cutter bar. I feel the rough stubble left in its wake. I need to remember the stories I’ve helped reshape, new meanings stacked against the despair of pain. I need to remember the smell of hay in June. 3m2hB%SNb
81. Which of the following is NOT true according to the story? nIWZo ~
A. The muscular work in the field has an emotional impact on the narrator. g!<=NVhYt
B. The narrator gets tired easily working in the field. 1?!z<
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C. It is the first time for the narrator to do haying. ?+^vU5b1u
D. The narrator is as physician. @fjVCc;
82. In retrospection, the narrator___________. .(2Z o a
A. feels guilty before his father and brother i
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B. defends his soft hands in a meaningful way KG8:F].u(
C. hates losing his muscular power before he knows it T~&9/%$F
D. is shamed for the farmer callouses he does not possess Hi V7
83. As a physician, the narrator is ________. }VetaO2*
A. empathic B. arrogant C. callous D. fragile f`^\v
84. His associations punctuate___________. e#R'_}\yj
A. the similarities between medicine and agriculture B. the simplicity of muscular work P Pj_NV
C. the hardship of life every where D .the nature of medical practice u)Nm jW
85. The narrator would say that________. pb `!_GmB
A. it can do physicians good to spend a vacation doing muscular work cq?&edjP
B. everything is interlinked and anything can be anything zJx O\
C. he is a shame to his father szZ8-Y
D. his trip is worth it. *|OP>N
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Passage Six O
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Everyone has seen it happen. A colleague who has been excited, involved, and productive slowly begins to pull back, lose energy and interest, and becomes a shadow or his or her former self. Or , a person who has been an beacon of vision and idealism retreats into despair or cynicism. What happened? How does someone who is capable and committed become a person who functions minimally and does not seem to care for the job or the people that work there? K1*oYH B
Burnout is a chronic state of depleted energy, lack of commitment and involvement, and continual frustration, often accompanied at work by physical symptoms, disability claims and performance problem. Job burnout is a crisis of spirit, when work that was once exciting and meaningful becomes deadening .And organization‘s most valuable resource ------the energy, dedication and creativity of its employees----is often squandered by a climate that limits or frustrates the pool of talent and energy available. }\-"L/D?+
Milder forms of burnout are a problem at every level in every type of work. The burned—out manager comes to work, but he brings a shell rather than a person. He experiences little satisfaction, and feels uninvolved, detached, and uncommitted to his work and co-worker .While he may be effective by external standards, he works far below his own level of productivity. The people around him are deeply affected by his attitude and energy level, and the whole community begins to suffer. px7<;(I
Burnout is a crisis of the spirit because people who burn out were once on fire. It’s especially scary some of the most talented. If they can’t maintain their fire, others ask. \NgBF
Who can? Are these people lost forever, or can the inner flame be rekindled? People often feel that burnout just comes upon them and that they are helpless victims of it. Actually, the evidence is growing that there were ways for individuals to safeguard and renew their spirit, and , more important, there are ways for organizations to change conditions that lead to burnout.
