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A Blind Zone in Childr-Nutrition (((|vI3 <
This article reveals a mistaken idea in child-raising which deserves correcting. Most p=m:^9/
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parents take it for granted that children should eat more animal foods such as chicken, meat 1ASoH,D/
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and fish than grain food because the former are far more expensive and the more expensive LLKYc y
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the food is the more nutritious it is. However, this is, in fact, a mistaken idea which has %OsxXO?
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lead to malnutrition among many city kids. This is indicated in a survey recently made in E
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What parents don’t know is that carbohydrate in grains, starch and sugar, the main and most LpL$=9
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inexpensive nutrient for energy supply, is of equal importance in metabolism. The energy it NwxDxIIH/)
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supplies is the main source of calories in human bodies,about 60% of the total amount of $wn0oIuW
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calories. If there is a lack of calories provided by carbohydrate, protein and fat will be )TEm1\
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used up to provide the heat and thus can’t play their original roles in the body. ExMd$`gW
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Consequently, it results in a retarded development in the children and even malnutrition. 1*|/N}g)
Apparently, the solution to the problem is to provide kids with a well-balanced food !!ma]pB,
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containing protein, carbohydrate and many other nutrients, none of which can be done CxNxb)c &
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without. O;5lF
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Writing Drill 4(98 FATMD) L|}s Z\2!
In the past several years, many Chinese college students have come to accept psychological 3<xDxj0<
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consultation(PC) they used to reject. In 1994, many students didn’t care to think about the + ~5P7dh6
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consultation while in 1996, over 90% of 2132 students in a survey answered the related hSR+7qN<e
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questionnaires carefully. PC is now gradually accepted by college students in China. 15q^&l[Q
Surveys indicate that 70-80% college students have psychological problems and 20.3% have {ya.
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such obstacles. There have been reports on many severe cases resulting from misunderstanding Aq*?Q/pV
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and lack of PC. In view of this, many universities in Nanjing have set up psychological IVkB)9IW
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healthcare service for students. Many students have corrected their misunderstanding about $B_%MfI
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PC and bravely asked the consultants for help, which has greatly helped them overcome their L<0_e^8
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mental obstacles. Even some military cadets have begun to consult experts for advice. (XW'1@b
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Experts point out that prompt consultation can prevent mental problems from developing into ux)*B}/xh
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obstacles, mental illnesses and even suicide. N
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University psychological consultation, young as it is, has made remarkable progress and IQ~qiFCf
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grown into a unique course in universities. Though it contributed to students’ healthy op5`#{
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growth, it still has a long way to go to be fully understood and appreciated by both 3
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students and faculties. $x+7.%1m)~
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Writing Drill 5 老年健康饮食为先 ~{tO8
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Aging usually brings about recession in many bodily functions such indigestion, `dG;SM$T,
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hypertension, arteriosclerosis, and other metabolic dysfunctions. However, scientists find VGD~) z57
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that these hypofunctions are actually caused by irrational diets or eating habits. This >Ti%Th,
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First, balanced diet with more vegetables than animal food is especially good for the old
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people. Second, less staple food and less salt in food should be suggested for the aged =3QhGFd
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because overconsumption of these two can lead to cardiovascular diseases. Third, more bean LdG? kbJ&y
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food can replace proteins such as eggs and fat as sources of protein. Fourth, light food `x/i1^/_@
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should be taken in instead of fat and oily foods which usually contribute to cardiovascular 'LPyh ;!f
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diseases. Fifth, doctors always advise people eat more fruit to regulate their digestion, 9 ;p5z[jI
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metabolism and cardiovascular balance. >"bW'
In a word, a balanced diet, more vegetable food instead of fat food are of the first GkI'.
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significance to the health of the aged and a long life. |YROxY"ML
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Writing Drill 6 lr~
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Recently, more attention has been paid to a behavioral prescription for various and physical ,zM@)Q;9
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diseases. It includes laughter, sports, dancing and even crying. These methods have {24>&<p
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different functions. SkmTW@v
Laughter activates over 80 muscles. In laughing, smooth muscles in organs contract and help x;yvv3-$
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improve digestion. Crying can give vent to harmful chemicals in the body accumulated by F><_gIT
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stress. Sports and dancing can relieve chronic illness such as bronchitis, back pain, |Qcz5M90e
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diabetes, etc. that medication alone can’t do. Any y
Many diseases of today are caused by bad mental conditions, work and stress, family OgIRI8L
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problems, etc. Medication doesn’t usually effect in these cases because it doesn’t treat Fnak:R0
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the cause of the ailments. Behavioral prescription, with its physical and mental massage 8b'@_s!_
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like sports and dancing, can help patients stay off the cause of their diseases. Therefore, lM4 Z7mT /
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it is advocated by many doctors and health experts. bKsjbYuo
It is expected that behavioral prescription will applied more widely as an effective therapy O$6&4p*F.
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in the near future.f C3W4:kbau
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Writing Drill 7 Smoking and Health 4xg)e`
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It is not until recently that smoking has been firmly proved to be hazardous to health. It EB!ne)X
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irritates the throat and respiratory passages. It sometimes leads to poor appetite, nausea, Ny7*MZ-
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short breath, and irregular heartbeat. More importantly, smoking is associated with chronic 7d%x 7!E
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and fatal diseases of respiratory tract. Evidence shows that smokers are more likely than Cs>` f,o
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nonsmokers to develop cancer of the lungs, throat, tongue, and jaw, emphysema and bronchitis ~)_N
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as well. As a result, many nations have made enormous efforts to warn people of the dangers >R]M:Wx
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of smoking. [pTdeg;QE
While smoking, particles of tobacco tar and smoke slow down the work of cilia. The tar >D!R)W`
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collected in the lungs can cause cancer. Moreover, nicotine in tobacco can be simulating by &P9fM-]b
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affecting various centers on the medulla oblongata region of the brain. It can affect other
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physiological process that in turn affect the respiratory center in the brain. It can also xS_;p9{E
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influence other centers that slow down the action of the heart, constrict the arteries, and {Ia1H
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cause vomiting. EF:ec9 .
In brief, smoking does nothing but harm to people’s health. Therefore, smokers of any age +Xw%X3o)
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or kind should try to give it up. <J+Oh\8tad
这篇短文的主旨是说明吸烟对健康危害及造成危害的原因,通读全文,根据其要点可以分为四个部分:1 G3TS?u8Q
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)吸烟有害;2)吸烟有哪些具体的害处;3)为什么吸烟会有害,亦即其致害机理是什么;4)总结:吸 &j:prc
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烟有害要戒烟。
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总之,摘要写作时切忌“见木不见林”,要体现出层次感,结构要明快,这样可以向阅卷老师表明你的逻 {2:baoG-
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Writing Drill 9 Handwashing and Health MV$E_@pg
Hospital infection is one of the causes of morbidity and mortality. The risk of transmitting va
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pathogens by the hands of health care workers (HCWs) is increasingly big today. A simple and f3!Oc
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effective way of prevention is handwashing. [VXQ&
But it is found that HCWs don’t always wash their hands before and after patient contacts. 'L O3[G{
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Semmelweis, a Viennese doctor in 1847, believed that high puerperal fever rate in some wards 0cB]:*W
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was caused by the hands of some medical students. He ordered that all students wash their h*;c"/7
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hands with chlorinated lime before and between all patient contacts. As a result, the rate 46T(1_Xt~
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fell sharply. His methods were used by some other hospitals but his beliefs were ignored l,Q`;v5|
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largely at that time. 3"Oipt+
In the 1980s, a government health organization recommended that handwashing be imposed. But _"Y7}A\9
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it has not been well compiled, even in ICUs, despite some efforts to improve compliance. The FYik}wH]
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traditional handwashing practice has not been changed yet. W!ug^2"
HCWs have their own excuse for the resistance, such as no time, skin irritation, etc. Some E^n!h06~G
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say they have done it but surveys prove otherwise. With more multidrug-resistant pathogens ).,twf58
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on the increase. HCWs have to know that handwashing means health. HCWs: wash your hands !2AD/dtt
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before or between patient contacts. pR0!
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本篇短文主要讲了通过洗手防止和减少医院获得性感染的问题, 这篇短文总的说来结构比较清晰,总结 u=@zYA(
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归纳起来相对容易,摘要写作当中,首先要将摘要分成三个部分,先象一般的论文一样写个引言,介绍主 gF9GU5T:
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题,其次写Semmelweis首先发现了医务工作者不洗手而接触病人会造成感染,而洗手可以减少这种感染及 PQ!'<
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引起的死亡率,尽管他的方法没有得到当时医学界的认可,最后是结论部分,写20世纪80年代,政府健康 >9nVR
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机构也要求强制洗手,但执行情况并不尽如人意。 a>#$&&oQ0
总之,摘要写作时切忌“见木不见林”,要体现出层次感,结构要明快,细节引用尽量地少,这样才可以 ,e OZv=:
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向阅卷老师表明你的逻辑性强,抓住了要点。 1HSt}
Writing Drill 10 Dangerous Factors in Maturing :1t&>x=T
On their way to adulthood, adolescens are faced with many dangerous factors. These may -k>k<bDAI
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include sexual encounters with HIV carriers, violence, mental and sexual abuse, drug abuse, \A!Iln
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smoking, as well as the negligence from the adults. ;gaTSYVe
What can doctors do to make the teenagers’ world a safer place? Perhaps we should first 7Fa<m]k
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call for attention from the medical profession to the long ignored needs of teenagers. Some OPq6)(Q
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critics suggest that adolescent medicine become a medical subspecialty for more and proper @/01MBs;
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attention to teenagers’ needs. Of course, there are some difficulties such as policymakers 01aw+o
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’ focus on more general practitioners whereas adolescents are poorly served by the medical us8ce+
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community. h52+f
Adolescents deserve primary care that is attentive to their special needs. The best way is f~jdN~
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to encourage policymakers to be interested in adolescent medicine. One of the ways for this ](ztb)
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is to require most medical students and trainees to master the skills needed to treat sdewz(xskj
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Writing Drill 14 Psychological Care of Medical Patients Frhm4H%,_R
There are more and more physically ill people accompanied by psychiatric morbidity, which 4g.S!-H@R
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can be physically and mentally harmful if not treated promptly and properly. Oh}@c~7;
However, there is a lack of psychiatric care of these patients, which has to be addressed in #TP Y
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no time. There are some cost-effective treatments for psychiatric disorder in physically ill Y(R],9h8
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people. But few hospitals arrange formal services for these patients, which may not be ,.gI'YPQC
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efficient in the future. Some health service reforms have also affected the formerly 38JU-aq
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cooperative relationship between psychiatrists and general hospital doctors. Pressure on Y}x_ud,
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beds in both psychiatry and general medicine makes the already difficult task of caring for ~1{~iB2G
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patients with coexisting mental and physical illness harder. Besides, increased consumerism A kqGk5e
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and heightened awareness of coexistence of mental and physical illness adds to demand for u-dF~.x
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relevant services. Nk>6:Ho{G
In view of this situation, some British psychiatrists and physicians suggested that doctors jmnrpXaAx
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and nurses learn to identify mental problems in their patients and offer psychological care ~H gN'#Y?
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and refer for psychiatric help. In their report, they also provided some relevant knowledge 0h 2MmI#
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and approaches to treatment and psychiatric services. M$LzV}k
本文的内容根据标题便可不言自明了;患有身体疾病的同时伴有心理疾病的人越来越多,但这些人的心理 :&D$Q
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护理亟需要得到科学的治疗和护理。摘要中要突出这种内科病人的心理护理缺医少药的问题,如缺乏正规 n!XSB7d~X
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的治疗和医护人员,费用昂贵等,结论断要包含专家就此问题提出的建议和看法。 v]KI=!Gs
摘要可以分成三个部分,一是引言段,引出问题;二是正文段,概述问题并加以讨论;三是结论段,用专 X<$8'/p r
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家的建议作为结尾。 _:;j)J0
总之,摘要写作时切忌“见木不见林”,要体现出层次感,结构要明快,不要拘泥于细节,这样可以向阅 b(gcnSzM2
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卷老师表明你的逻辑性强,抓住了要点。 !HHbd|B_
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