考川大的去年海航的模拟英语题

2011年川大博士研究生入学考试
模考试题二
考试注意事项
1.    本试题5大题，共10页，请考生注意检查，考试时间180分钟。
2.    1 – 70题答案请填在机读卡上相应处，否则不给分。
3.    翻译和作文写在答题纸上，写在试题上无效。中、英文翻译应做到字迹清晰、书写工整。
I. Reading Comprehension (30%; one mark each):
Passage One
The ancient ideal was characterized by balance, proportion, a sense of sane limits in human affairs----an ideal announced humbly enough by the Greek potter (molding his wares with careful symmetry and decorating them in a spare, linear fashion) but reverberating throughout society and literature. The two famous Greek proverbs “nothing in excess” and “know yourself” are both admonitions for the life of balance and limits. Aristotle made the first the keystone of his ethical system. The second, so closely associated with Socrates, was not a plea for psychoanalytic or Christian soul-searching: it meant instead that men must know their limits, particularly as mortals in relation to the divine, and be careful not to overstep them. What happened when men did overstep their limits was the favorite, indeed the definitive, subject of Greek tragedy.
    With an appreciation of formal balance in art and life came the tendency to be superficial; and the Greeks would not have regarded this as a criticism. The idea of, in fact the obsession with, plumbing the depths of any experience belonged rather to Western European culture. The ancients appreciated the linear, the superficial, the immediate, and the tactile in mathematics, art, and ethics as well. Hence conscience played a relatively small role in ancient ethics: crimes against individuals or the state and impiety toward the gods were acts committed at a definite time and place; sins thought but not acted upon did not matter. Another aspect of the superficial was that the Greeks had comparatively little concern for history. The past did not weigh heavily upon them, as it did upon the men of Western Europe, for the ancient world itself had no ancient world against which to measure its achievements. Nor did the ancient man care to look far into the future, for there was nothing like the Christian concept of millennium or the secular notion of progress to direct his gaze. As Spengler put it, “The classical life exhausted itself in the completeness of the moment.”
The limit of the ancient gaze was not only a temporal one. Most philosophers had no difficulty finding the physical limits of the universe: it was the sphere of the fixed stars, beyond which there was absolutely nothing. In social terms, a contentment with limited resources expressed itself in a steady-state economy and in a disinterest in technological innovation. The inventor at least had an honored, if not prominent, place in Greek mythology, but the explorer was a character type seldom found in ancient literature or ancient history. Odysseus was not really an explorer, but a wanderer, trying his best to get home, and Alexander the Great marched from Macedonia to India as a conqueror, not an explorer. The Greeks were gifted sailors and brazen enough to face the sea in small, wooden boats, yet they seldom ventured beyond the Pillars of Heracles. How complacent they seem when judged by the Western European standard.
1. Why were explorers seldom found in ancient literature?
A.Because only inventors were held in people’s esteem in ancient time.
B.Because technological innovation was something impossible in ancient time.
C.Because people’s perception of the universe was limited in ancient time.
D.Because wanderers were more welcome than explorers in ancient time.
2.Why did Spengler say “The classical life exhausted itself in the completeness of the moment”?
A.The classical life disappeared when the ancient world came to its end.
B.Past and future didn’t mean much to the ancients.
C.Society progressed slowly in ancient time.
D.The concept of millennium was strange to the ancients.
3. That Greek tragedy always had as its theme the consequence of man’s overstepping their limits indicates _____.
A.the ancients regarded overstepping their limits an unpardonable sin
B.the ancients believed in knowing their limits as mortals
C.Socrates was greatly respected by the ancients
D.the ancients were constantly examining their soul
4.What does the author imply in the last paragraph?
A.Western Europeans are more adventurous than the ancient Greeks.
B.Ancient Greeks regarded the universe the sphere of the fixed stars.
C.Inventors were honored in ancient Greece.
D.There were few explorers in the real sense of the word in ancient Greece.
5.What’s the main idea of the passage?
A.There are limitations to ancient Greek art and literature.
B.Greek standard and Western European standard are totally different.
C.Aristotle and Socrates were the most influential figures in ancient Greece.
D.The concepts of balance and limits dominated ancient Greek culture.
Passage Two
The Alaska pipeline starts at the frozen edge of the Arctic Ocean. It stretches southward across the largest and northern most state in the United States, ending at a remote ice-free seaport village nearly 800 miles from where it begins. It is massive in size and extremely operative.
The steel pipe cresses windswept plains and endless miles of delicate tundra that tops the frozen ground. It weaves through crooked canyons, climbs sheer mountains, plunges over rocky crags, makes its way through thick forests, and passes over or under hundreds of rivers and streams. The pipe is 4 feet in diameter, and up to 2 million barrels of crude oil can be pumped through it daily.
Resting on H-shaped steel racks called “bents”, long sections of the pipeline follow a zigzag course high above the frozen earth. Other long sections drop out of sight beneath spongy or rocky ground and return to the surface later on. The pattern of the pipeline’s up-and-down route is determined by the often harsh demands of the arctic and subarctic climate, the tortuous lay of the land, and the varied compositions of soil, rock, or permanently frozen ground. A little more than half of the pipeline is elevated above the ground. The remainder is buried anywhere from 3 to 12 feet, depending largely upon the type of terrain and the properties of the soil.
One of the largest in the world, the pipeline cost approximately $ 8 billion and is by far the biggest and most expensive construction project ever undertaken by private industry. In fact, no single business could raise that much money, so 8 major oil companies formed a consortium in order to share the costs. Each company controlled oil rights to particular shares of land in the oil fields and paid into the pipeline-construction fund according to the size of its holdings. Today, despite enormous problems of climate, supply shortages, equipment breakdowns, labor disagreements, treacherous terrain, a certain amount of mismanagements and even theft the Alaska pipeline has been completed and is operating.
6.The passage primarily discusses the pipeline’s _____.
A. operating costs            B. employees
C. consumers                D. construction
7. The word “it” (Para. 1, sentence 3) refers to _____.
A. pipeline    B. ocean     C. state    D. village
8. The author mentions all of the following as important in determining the pipeline’s route EXCEPT the ______.
A. climate         B. lay of the land itself
C. local vegetation       D. kind of soil and rock
9. How many companies shared the costs of constructing the pipeline?
A. 3       B. 4       C.8       D. 12
10. Which of the following determined what percentage of the construction costs each member of the consortium would pay?
A. how much oil field land each company owned.
B. How long each company had owned land in the oil fields.
C. How many people worked for each company.
D. How many oil wells were located on the company’s land.
Passage Three
African-American filmmakers should be in an enviable position, for since the early 1990s there has been a steady wave of low budget black films which have turned a solid profit due to a very strong response in the African-American community and a larger crossover audience than anticipated. Any rational business manager would now identify this sector as a prime candidate for expansion, but if the films have done so well with limited production and marketing costs, why have they not received full scale support?
　　Many analysts feel the business is engulfed in a miasma of self-serving and self-fulfilling myths based on the unspoken assumption that African-American films can never be vehicles of prestige, glamour, or celebrity. The relationship players have convinced themselves that black films can do only a limited domestic business under any circumstance and have virtually no foreign box office potential. As executives who now control the film industry grew up in those decades when there were few black images on the screen and those that did exist were produced by film-makers with limited knowledge of the black community, it is little wonder that they avoid ideological issues, and seek to continue making films that they are comfortable with by avoiding the negative imagery of films they would prefer to eschew entirely.
　　Also to blame for this deleterious phenomenon are legions of desperate and Machiavellian African-American film producers, directors, and writers who would transform The Birth of A Nation into a black musical as long as it would provide them with gainful studio employment. These filmmakers not only perpetuate negative stereotypes in their films, but they also season them with a sprinkling of African-American authenticity. This situation would be onerous enough, given the economic exploitation of the community involved; unfortunately these films also validate the pathologies they depict. The constant projection of the black community as a kind of urban Wild Kingdom, the glamorization of tragic situations, and the celebration of inner city drug dealers and gangsters has a programming effect on black youth. The power of music in　film is a particularly seductive and propagandistic force which in the recent crop of African-American films has rarely been used in a positive social manner.
What flows from this combination of factors is a policy of market exploitation rather than market development, evidenced by the fact that any number of films may open to 1,500 screens in one week, only to totally disappear in less than a month. This restricted body of film products erodes the genre's long-term viability, particularly with the more fickle non-African-American audiences and foreign audiences. Furthermore, when African-American actors begin to emerge as stars, their projects are usually designed to be "more" than a black film, such that any success that follows is therefore perceived not as a reflection of the viability of African-American filmmaking but as the broader pursuit of celebrity.
　　11. According to the passage, all wise managers think that ___
　　A) the industry of black film would increase in the future
　　B) the industry of black film would decrease in the future
　　C) the industry of black film would not receive full scale support
　　D) the industry of black film is bound to win full scale support
　　12. It is suggested by the analysts that ___
　　A) black films can be very successful
　　B) black films can win prestige, glamour, or celebrity
　　C) black films are mysterious
　　D) black films can never be the road to prestige
　　13. It can be inferred from the passage that ___
　　A) the black community is wild
　　B) the black youth may learn from the films and commit crimes
　　C) the black films reflect the real life of the black
　　D) the black community is flourishing
　　14. The word "viability" ( in line 4, Para. 4) could best be replaced by ______
　　A) productivity
　　B) vitality
　　C) celebrity
　　D) prestige
　　15. This passage mainly discusses ______.
　　A) the productivity of black films
　　B) the limitations of black films
　　C)the myth of American-African
D)the prestige of American-African
Passage Four
Do you remember all those years when scientists argued that smoking would kill us but the doubters insisted that we didn’t know for sure? That the evidence was inconclusive, the science uncertain? That the antismoking lobby was out to destroy our way of life and the government should stay out of the way? Lots of Americans bought that nonsense, And over three decades, some 10 million smokers went to early graves.
There are upsetting parallels today, as scientists in one wave after another try to awaken us to the growing threat of global warming. The latest was a panel from the National Academy of Sciences, enlisted by the White House, to tell us that the Earth’s atmosphere is definitely warming and that the problem is largely man-made. The clear message is that we should get moving to protect ourselves. The president of the National Academy, Bruce Alberts, added this key point in the preface to the panel’s report: “Science never has all the answer. But science does provide us with the best available guide to the future, and it is critical that our nation and the world base important policies on the best judgments that science can provide concerning the future consequences of present actions.”
Just as on smoking, voice now come from many quarters insisting that the science about global warming is incomplete; that it’s OK to keep pouring fumes into the air until we know for sure. This is a dangerous game: by the time 100 percent of the evidence is in, it may be too late. With the risks obvious and growing, a prudent people would take out an insurance policy now
Fortunately, the White House is starting to pay attention. But it’s obvious that a majority of the president’s advisers still don’t take global warming seriously. They continue to press for more research, a classic of “paralysis by analysis”.
To serve as responsible stewards of the planet, we must press forward on deeper atmospheric and oceanic research. But research alone is inadequate. If the Administration won’t take the legislative initiative, Congress should help to begin fashioning conservation measures. A bill by Democratic Senator Robert Byrd of West Virginia, which would offer financial incentives for private industry, is a promising start. Many see that the country is getting ready to build lots of new power plants to meet our energy needs. If we are ever going to protect the atmosphere, it is crucial that those new plants be environmentally sound.
16. An argument made by supporters of smoking was that _____.
A.there was no scientific evidence of the correlation between smoking and death
B.the number of early deaths of smokers in the past decades was insignificant
C.people had the freedom to choose their own way of life
C.antismoking people were usually talking nonsense
17.According to Bruce Alberts, science can serve as _____.
A. a protector    B. a judge    C. a critic     D. a guide
18. What does the author mean by “paralysis b analysis” (Para.4)?
A. Endless studies kill action.     B. Careful investigation reveals truth.
C. Prudent planning hinders progress.
D. Extensive research helps decision-making.
19. According to the author, what should the Administration do about global warming?
A. Offer aid to build cleaner power plants.
B. Raise public awareness of conservation
C. Press for further scientific research.
D. Take some legislative measures.
20. The author associates the issue of global warming with that of smoking because _____.
A. they both suffered from the government’s negligence
B. a lesson from the latter is applicable to the former
C. the outcome of the latter aggravates the former
D. both of them have turned from bad to worse
Passage Five
　　These is a new type of advertisement becoming increasingly common in newspaper classified columns. It is sometimes placed among "situations vacant", although it doesn't offer anyone job, and sometimes it appears "situations wanted", although it is not placed by someone looking for a job either. What is does is to offer help in applying for a job.
　　"Contact us before writing your application", or "Make use of our long experience in preparing your curriculum vitae (工作简历) or job history", is how it is usually expressed. The growth and apparent success of such a specialized service is, of course, a reflection on the current high levels of unemployment. It is also an indication of the growing importance of the curriculum vitae(or job history),with the suggestion that it may now qualify as an art form in its own right.
　　There was a time when job seeker simply wrote letters of application." Just put down your name, address, age and whether you have passed any exams", was about the average level of advice offered to young people applying for their first jobs when I left school. The letter was really just for openers,  it was explained, everything else could and should be saved for the interview. And in those days of full employment the technique worked. The letter proved that you could write and were available for work. Your eager face and intelligent replies did the rest.
　　Later, as you moved up the ladder, something slightly more sophisticated was called for. The advice then was to put something in the letter which would distinguish you from the rest. It might be the aggressive approach. "Your search is over. I am the person you are looking for," was a widely used trick that occasionally succeeded. Or it might be some special feature specially designed for the job in view.
　　There is no doubt, however, that it is the increasing number of applicants with university education at all points in the process of engaging staff that has led to the greater importance of the curriculum vitae.
21.  The new type of advertisement which is appearing in newspaper columns _____.
　　A)informs job hunters of the opportunities available.
　　B)promises useful advice to those looking for employment.
　　C)divides available jobs into various types.
　　D)informs employers that people are available for work.
22. Nowadays a demand for this specialized type of service has been created because _____.
　　A)there is a lack of jobs available for artistic people.
　　B)there are so many top-level job available.
　　C)there are so many people out of work.
　　D)the job history is considered to be a work of art.
23. In the past it was expected that first-job hunters would _____.
　　A)write a initial letter giving their life history.
　　B)pass some exams before applying for a job.
　　C)have no qualifications other than being able to read and write.
　　D)keep any detailed information until they obtained an interview.
24. Later, as one went on to apply for more important jobs, one was advised to include in the letter _____.
　　A)something that would attract attention to one's application.
　　B)a personal opinion about the organization one was trying to join.
　　C)something that would offend the person reading it.
　　D)a lie that one could easily get away with telling.
25. The job history has become such an important document because _____.
　　A)there has been an increase in the number of jobs advertised.
　　B)there has been an increase in the number of applicants with degrees.
　　C)jobs are becoming much more complicated nowadays.
　　D)the other processes of applying for jobs are more complicated.
Passage Six
Just as newspaper owners must never underestimate the nature of their power, so newspaper readers should never underestimate the lure of its beauty. Ninety years after Hearst took over the Examiner, I was sitting in the Daily Express building waiting for the new proprietor, Victor Matthews, to complete his purchase and tell his expectant executives what was going to happen to them. He was a veteran of many industrial takeovers. But on his occasion he was clearly delighted to be welcomed by a group of reporters and a television crew. They delayed his arrival while they interviewed him on his views, on politics and his ambitions as a proprietor, and even requested him to drive round the block to arrive again for better television effect. Mr. Matthews was a building contractor by trade and had been offered few chances to give his views on the world before. Attempting to adopt what he felt was the argot(行话) of such occasions he murmured something about believing Britain and helping make her great again. The phrase seemed to go down well. He used it many times that day and afterwards. Overnight the newspapers had magically transformed him into a well-known person. Within weeks Matthews was letting it be known that he would appreciate an invitation to meet the Prime Minister at Downing Street. The flattery of newspaper proprietors has long been a favorite sport of premiers and an invitation duly came.
The incident was merely a modern imitation of an atmosphere, which has motivated proprietors throughout newspaper history. It has often been remarked that men acquire newspapers for many reasons, but rarely for the business of running them and making themselves rich. From the earliest times, the access papers have afforded to public life has been a major factor. That access has, on a few occasions, been converted into real political power. But for the most part it has been an illusion. Ownership has been a ticker to the seat of public affairs, but not to the stage itself. Owners who have disobeyed this rule have had to retreat to their seats, bruised and disillusioned.
26. What does the passage mainly talk about?
A). Newspaper owners never understand the nature of their power.
B). Newspaper owners must understand the nature of their power properly.
C). Newspaper readers never understand the lure of its beauty.
D). Newspaper readers should under that the newspaper is beautiful.
27. Which of the following statement is NOT true about Victor Matthews?
A). He bought the Daily Express
B). He had gained control of many companies.
C). He was an architect.
D). He was very happy to be interviewed by TV reporters.
28. The writer suggests that Matthews repeated his comment many times because____.
A). it seemed to please his audience
B). he was a strongly patriotic man
C). it made him feel important
D). he wanted to convince the audience
29. According to the writer, Matthews was invited by the Prime Minister because the prime minister____.
A). considered Matthews to be important
B). enjoyed being praised by newspaper owner
C). found it great fun to meet Matthews
D). wanted Matthews to do him a favor
30. In the last paragraph, the writer warns newspaper proprietors not to ____.
A). expect to make a large profit
B). play a trick on the public
C). look for the support of politicians
D). imagine that they have any political power

II. Vocabulary (10%; 0.5 mark each):
    1. The membership card entitled him _____certain privileges in the club．
    A on    B  in    C．at   D  to
    2. Obviously，the Chairman’remarks at the conference were_____ and not planned．
A．substantial    B．spontaneous   C .simultaneous  D. synthetic
    3．For the success of the project，the company should ____the most of the opportunities at hand
    A obtain    B grasp    C．catch   D make
    4 Failure to follow the club rules______ him from the volleyball team．
    A. disfavoured    B. dispelled    C .disqualified   D. dismissed
    5 The discovery of new oil fields in various parts of the country filled the government with____ hope
    A eternal    B．infinite    C．ceaseless    D everlasting    、
    6 At first the company refused to purchase the equipment，but this decision was
_______revised
    A subsequently    B successively   C. predominantly   D preliminarily
    7 The local police are authorized to ______ anyone’s movements as they think fit
    A．pause    B. halt    C. repel    D. keep
    8 Have you ever received _____ of what has happened to her?
    A．the word    B words    C．word    D the words
    9 Twelve is to three _____ four is to one．
    A what    B．as    C that   D like
    10 Things went well for her during her early life but in her middle age her_____
    seemed to change．
    A. affair   B luck    C. event    D. chance
    11 Although I spoke to her about the matter several times，she took little _____ of
    What I said
    A. remark    B. warning    C. notice   D. attention
    12 The scheme was _____ when it was discovered it would be very costly．
    A. resigned    B. surrendered   C. released   D. abandoned
    13 Yesterday my aunt bought sonic new _______for her flat at the seaside
    A. furniture     B. furnitures     C. possession     D. possessions
    14 When he realized the police had spotted him，the man ______the exit as quickly as possible
    A .made for    B. made out    C. made up to   D. made way
    15 The annual ____ of the department store starts tomorrow
    A. stocking    B. stocktaking   C stockpiling   D. stockholding
    16 Remember to ask for a ______of quality for these goods；otherwise they will not offer any maintenance
    A. Warranty    B. promise    C. certificate   D. receipt
    17 In many countries tobacco and medicine are government _____
    A. control    B. monopoly    C. business   D. belongings
18 It is _____ of you to turn down the radio while your sister is still ill in bed
A. considerable   B. considerate   C. concerned   D. careful
19 Although the accident did very little _____ to the car，I still suggest that you  drive more carefully next time．
    A demolishment    B ruin    C destruction    D damage
    20 He offered to____ her a hand as the suitcase was too heavy for her to carry．
    A. help    B. show    C. lend   D. borrow

III. Cloze (10%; 0.5 mark each):
   Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. Read the passage through and choose one suitable word or phrase marked A, B, C, or D fro each blank in the passage.
   With the possible exception of equal rights，perhaps the most—1— issue across theUnited States today is the death penalty Many argue lhat it is an effective deterrent to murder，—2—others maintain there is no convincing evidence that the death penalty reduces the number of murders.
The principal argument—3—by those opposed to the death penalty，basically，ithat it is creel and inhuman—4—，that it is the mark of a—5—society，and finally that it is of_—6—effectiveness as a deterrent to crime anyway
    In our opinion，the death penalty is a—7— evil .Throughout recorded history there have always been those extreme individuals in every society who were —8— of terribly violent crimes such as murder ,But some are extreme than others．
For example，it is one thing —9—the life of another in a fit of blind rage, —10—quite another to coldly plot and—11—the murder of one or more people in the butcher．Thus，murder —12—all other crimes，is a matter of relative degree．While it be argued with some conviction，that the —13— in the first instance should be merely isolated from society，such should not be the fate of the —14— type murder.
The value of the death penalty as a deterrent to crime may he open to debate. But the majority —15—of citizens believe that the death penahy protects them．Their belief is —16—by evidence which shows that the death penalty deters murder. —17—from 1954 to1963，when the death penahy was —18—imposed In California，the murder ramained between three and four murders for each 100,000 population .Since 1964 the death penalty has been—19—only once，and the murder rate has risen to 10．4 murders for100，000 population The sharp climb in the state’s murder rate，which began when executions stopped，is —20—.
1  A. severe     B．ambiguous    C. controversial  D. complicated
2  A however    B although    C. and   D. while
3  A abided     B approved    C advanced   D  allged
4  A measure    B．punishment    C behavior   D tactics
5  A brutal      B civilized    C democratic   D．1iberal
6  A absolute  B implicit    C relative   D questionable
7  A dreadful    B．necessary    C fierce    D  prevalent
8  A capabie  B．liable    C apt   D possible
9  A murder    B take    C execute   D grab
10  A but    B and    C  nevertheless  D or
11  A work out  B figure out  C carry out   D put out
12  A．unlike    B as    C like  D alike
13  A．victim    B suspect    C．criminal  D convict
14  A last    B late    C later  D latter
15  A .overwhelming  B. predominant    C superfluous D extraordinary
16  A rejected   B reinforced    C incorporated D disproved
17  A．For example    B As almost    C On the contrary D In addition
18  A randomly  B rarely    C scarcely D consistently
19  A suspended    B imposed    C violated  D claimed
20  A occurrence    B incident  C coincidence  D accident
IV. Translation (30%):
Part A (20%):
Translate the following passage into Chinese:
From the standpoint of daily life, however, there is one thing we do know that man is here for the sake of other men--- above all for those upon whose smile and well-being our happiness depends, and also for the countless unknown souls with whose fate we are connected by a bond of sympathy. Many times a day I realize how much my own outer and inner life is built upon the labors of my fellow men, both living and dead, and how earnestly I must exert myself in order to give in return as much as I have received. My peace of mind is often troubled by the depressing sense that I have borrowed too heavily fro the work of other men.
To ponder interminably over the reason for one’s own existence or the meaning of life in general seems to me, from an objective point of view, to be sheer folly. And yet everyone holds certain ideals by which he guides his aspiration and his judgment. The ideals which have always shone before me and filled me with the joy of living are goodness, beauty, and truth.
Part B (10%):
Translate the following sentences into English:
1.工作没有经验，出点差错，在所难免。
2.他开车时心不在焉，几乎闯祸。
3.一个不怕困难，百折不挠，坚持到底的科学工作中一定会在科研工作中取得光辉的成就。
4.全世界科学家都在寻找净化空气、防止空气受到各种有害工业废气污染的有效方法。
5.他们决心坚决执行计划，不论他们将面临什么样的障碍。
　
V. Writing (20%):
Directions: You are asked to write in no less than 150 words on the title of “Harmful Plagiarism in Academic Field in China”. You should base your composition on the outline given in Chinese below.
     目前在学术界出现了剽窃和抄袭等不良现象。作为一名未来的博士研究生，你如何看待这些现象，你认为应该如何制止，以及你应该如何从自身做起。
     Please write you article on the Answer Sheet.

Key：
一、CBBAD DACCA CDBBB ADADB BCDAB BCABD
二、DBDCB ABCBB CDAAB ABBDC
三、CDCBA DBABA CCCDA BADBC

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