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主题 : 山东大学2013年考博英语
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山东大学2013年考博英语

第一篇: 19991月份六级真题: r]Da4G^  
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The Carnegie Foundation report says that many colleges have tried to be “all things to all people”. In doing so, they have increasingly catered to a narrow minded careerism while failing to cultivate a global vision among their students. The current crisis, it contends, does not derive from a legitimate desire to put learning to productive ends. The problem is that in too many academic fields, the work has no context; skills, rather than being means, have become ends. Students are offered a variety of options and allowed to pick their way to a degree. In short, driven by careerism, “the nation's colleges and universities are more successful in providing credentials than in providing a quality education for their students. ”The report concludes that the special challenge confronting the undergraduate college is one of shaping an “integrated core” of common learning. Such a core would introduce students “to essential knowledge, to connections across the disciplines, and in the end, to application of knowledge to life beyond the campus. ” 3G8BYP  
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Although the key to a good college is a high-quality faculty, the Carnegie study found that most colleges do very little to encourage good teaching. In fact, they do much to undermine it. As one professor observed: “Teaching is important, we are told, and yet faculty know that research and publication matter most. ” Not surprisingly, over the last twenty years colleges and universities have failed to graduate half of their four-year degree candidates. Faculty members who dedicated themselves to teaching soon discover that they will not be granted tenure (
终身任期), promotion, or substantial salary increases. Yet 70 percent of all faculty say their interests lie more in teaching than in research. Additionally, a frequent complaint among young scholars is that “There is pressure to/publish, although there is virtually no interest among administrators or colleagues in the content of the publications. ” g}|a-  
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36
When a college tries to be “all things to al people” (Lines 1-2, Para. 1) it aims to _______. 8qp!S1Qnv  
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A) satisfy the needs of all kinds of students simultaneously. A2 qus$  
B) focus on training students in various skills. |M  `B  
C) encourage students to take as many courses as possible. PHi'&)|  
D) make learning serve academic rather than productive ends. v<_}Br2I[  
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37
By saying that “in too many academic fields, the work has no context” (Lin es4-5, Pare. 1) the author means that the teaching in these areas ______. 3 =@7:4 A  
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A) ignores the actual situation. R}Uv i9?  
B) is not based on the right perspective. A Ucq\Ys  
C) only focuses on an integrated core of common learning. 9z\q_ 0&i  
D) gives priority to the cultivation of a global vision among students. =t<!W  
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38
One of the reasons for the current crisis in American colleges and universities is that _______. >pO[ S [  
A) a narrow vocationalism has come to dominate many colleges. 2,/("lV@0  
B) students don't have enough freedom in choosing what they want to learn. 71 hv~Nk/x  
C) skills are being taught as a means to an end. |;6FhDW+'  
D) students are only interested in obtaining credentials. zN#$eyt  
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39
American colleges and universities failed to graduate half of their four-year degree candidates because _______. z 4Qz9#*"^  
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A) most of them lack high-quality faculties. muT+H(Zp}  
B) the interests of most faculty members lie in research. P9:7_Vc  
C) there are not enough incentives for students to study hard. y1c Aw   
D) they attach greater importance to research and publication than to teaching . fU!C:  
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40
It can be inferred from the passage that high-quality college education calls for _______. o B_c6]K  
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A) putting academic work in the proper context. ETV|;>v  
B) a commitment to students and effective teaching. =bded(3Z  
C) the practice of putting leaning to productive ends. zv  <,  
D) dedication to research in frontier areas of knowledge. tNjb{(eO\h  
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