山东大学英语试题

山东大学考博英语阅读理解:

第一篇: 1999年1月份六级真题:

The Carnegie Foundation report says that many colleges have tried to be “all things to all people”. In doing so, they have increasingly catered to a narrow minded careerism while failing to cultivate a global vision among their students. The current crisis, it contends, does not derive from a legitimate desire to put learning to productive ends. The problem is that in too many academic fields, the work has no context; skills, rather than being means, have become ends. Students are offered a variety of options and allowed to pick their way to a degree. In short, driven by careerism, “the nation's colleges and universities are more successful in providing credentials than in providing a quality education for their students. ”The report concludes that the special challenge confronting the undergraduate college is one of shaping an “integrated core” of common learning. Such a core would introduce students “to essential knowledge, to connections across the disciplines, and in the end, to application of knowledge to life beyond the campus. ”

Although the key to a good college is a high-quality faculty, the Carnegie study found that most colleges do very little to encourage good teaching. In fact, they do much to undermine it. As one professor observed: “Teaching is important, we are told, and yet faculty know that research and publication matter most. ” Not surprisingly, over the last twenty years colleges and universities have failed to graduate half of their four-year degree candidates. Faculty members who dedicated themselves to teaching soon discover that they will not be granted tenure (终身任期), promotion, or substantial salary increases. Yet 70 percent of all faculty say their interests lie more in teaching than in research. Additionally, a frequent complaint among young scholars is that “There is pressure to/publish, although there is virtually no interest among administrators or colleagues in the content of the publications. ”

36、When a college tries to be “all things to al people” (Lines 1-2, Para. 1) it aims to _______.

A) satisfy the needs of all kinds of students simultaneously.
B) focus on training students in various skills.
C) encourage students to take as many courses as possible.
D) make learning serve academic rather than productive ends.

37、By saying that “in too many academic fields, the work has no context” (Lin es4-5, Pare. 1) the author means that the teaching in these areas ______.

A) ignores the actual situation.
B) is not based on the right perspective.
C) only focuses on an integrated core of common learning.
D) gives priority to the cultivation of a global vision among students.

38、One of the reasons for the current crisis in American colleges and universities is that _______.
A) a narrow vocationalism has come to dominate many colleges.
B) students don't have enough freedom in choosing what they want to learn.
C) skills are being taught as a means to an end.
D) students are only interested in obtaining credentials.

39、American colleges and universities failed to graduate half of their four-year degree candidates because _______.

A) most of them lack high-quality faculties.
B) the interests of most faculty members lie in research.
C) there are not enough incentives for students to study hard.
D) they attach greater importance to research and publication than to teaching .

40、It can be inferred from the passage that high-quality college education calls for _______.

A) putting academic work in the proper context.
B) a commitment to students and effective teaching.
C) the practice of putting leaning to productive ends.
D) dedication to research in frontier areas of knowledge.

第二篇:2010年职称英语等级考试综合类(A级)真题
　　Endangered species are plants and animals that are in immediate danger of extinction. Extinction is actually a normal process in the course of evolution. Since the formation of the earth, many more species have become extinct than those exist today. These species slowly disappeared because of change of climate and their failure to adapt to such conditions as competition and predation. Since the 1600s, however, the process of extinction has greatly accelerated as a result of both human population growth and technological encroachment on natural ecology systems. Today the majority of the world’s environments are changing faster than the ability of most species to adapt to such changes through natural selection.
　　Species become extinct or endangered for number of reasons, but the primary cause is the destruction of natural habitats. Drainage of wetlands, cutting and clearing of forests, growth of cities, and highway and dam construction have seriously reduced available natural habitats. As the various surroundings become fragments, the remaining animal population crowd into smaller areas, causing further destruction of natural surroundings. Species in these small “islands” lose contact with other populations of their extinction.
　　Some private and government efforts have been organized to save declining species. Laws were made in some countries in the early 1900s to protect wild animals from commercial trade and killing. International endeavors are shown in the convention on International Trade in Endangered Species, approved by 51 nations. Its purpose is to restrict exploitation of wild animals and plants by regulating and restricting trade in certain species. How effective such laws will be in various countries, however, depends on enforcement and support by the people and the courts. Because of lack of law enforcement, the willingness of some segments of society to trade in endangered species, the activities of people who catch and kill animals illegally and dealers who supply the trade, the future of many species is in doubt in spite of legal protection.
　　31.According to the passage, which of the following is the most important factor causing the rapid extinction of many species since the 17th century?
　　A.Human beings are not aware of the importance of preserving endangered species.
　　B.Some endangered species have already reached the end of their life span in evolution.
　　C.The development of human society has greatly affected natural ecology systems.
　　D.The world’s climate has changed greatly that most species cannot survive.
　　32.In the last sentence of the second paragraph, the word “islands” refers to
　　A.the lands that are completely surrounded by water.
　　B.the wild animals’ breeding grounds protected by law.
　　C.the pieces of land separated by modern buildings and roads.
　　D.the small and isolated areas inhabited by certain species.
　　33.This passage mentions all of the following causes for the extinction of many species EXCEPT
　　A.natural selection of species.
　　B.various natural disasters.
　　C.commercial trade and killing
　　D.destruction of natural surroundings.
　　34.According to the passage, which of the following is most important in saving declining species?
　　A.governments should make some laws to protect endangered species.
　　B.People should pay more attention to the protection of natural surroundings.
　　C.Relevant law must be made and enforced with the support of the people.
　　D.Some organizations should warn people not to trade in endangered animals.
　　35.How does the author feel about the prospect of protecting endangered species from being extinct?
　　A.Worried
　　B.Optimistic
　　C.Indifferent
　　D.Confident

　答案:CCBCA

第三篇:北大曹其军老师英语阅读理解20篇

Those who welcomed the railway saw it as more than a rapid and comfortable means of passing. They actually saw it as a factor in world peace. They did not foresee that the railway would be just one more means for the rapid movement of aggressive armies. None of them foresaw that the more we are together-the more chances there are of war. Any boy or girl who is one of a large family knows that.

Whenever any new invention is put forward, those for it and those against it can always find medical men to approve or condemn. The anti-railway group produced doctors who said that tunnels would be most dangerous to public health: they would produce colds, catarrhs (粘膜炎) and consumptions. The deafening noise and the glare of the engine fire, would have a bad effect on the nerves. Further, being moved through the air at a high speed would do grave injury to delicate lungs. In those with high blood-pressure, the movement of the train might produce apoplexy (中风). The sudden plunging of a train into the darkness of a tunnel, and the equally sudden rush into full daylight, would cause great damage to eyesight. But the pro-railway group was of course able to produce equally famous medical men to say just the opposite. They said that the speed and swing of the train would equalize the circulation, promote digestion, tranquilize the nerves, and ensure good sleep.

The actual rolling-stock was anything but comfortable. If it was a test of endurance to sit for four hours outside a coach in rain, or inside in dirty air, the railway offered little more in the way of comfort. Certainly the first-class carriages had cushioned seats; but the second-class had only narrow bare boards, while the third-class had nothing at all; no seats and no roof; they were just open trucks. So that third-class passengers gained nothing from the few mode except speed. In the matter of comfort, indeed they lost; they did, on the coaches, have a seat, but now they had to stand all the way, which gave opportunities to the comic (滑稽的) press. This kind of thing: ‘A man was seen yesterday buying a third-class ticket for the new London and Birmingham Railway. The state of his mind is being enquired into.’

A writer in the early days of railways wrote feelingly of both second-and third-class carriages. He made the suggestion that the directors of the railways must have sent all over the world to find the hardest possible wood. Of the open third-class trucks he said that they had the peculiar property of meeting the rain from whatever quarter it came. He described them as horizontal shower-baths, from whose searching power there was no escape.

16. All boys and girls in large families know that　　　　C　　　.
A)　a boy and a girl usually fight when they are together
B)　people tend to be together more than they used to be
C)　a lot of people being together makes fights likely
D)　Railway leads the world to peace

17. According to those who welcomed the railway, the railway itself should include all the following except D
A)　the railway enables people travel fast
B)　the railway brings comfort to people
C)　the railway makes the world peaceful
D)　the railway leads the world to war as well.

18. According to the anti-railway group, all the followings are true but D　　　　　　.
A)　tunnels are dangerous to public health
B)　the noise and the glare of the engine fire may affect people’s nerves
C)　the rapid speed through the air does damage to people’s lungs
D)　to those with high blood-pressure, the rapid speed of the train causes them to die

19. We may safely conclude that　　　　　A　.
A)　the author belongs to the anti-railway group
B)　the author belongs to the for-railway group
C)　the author speaks highly of the railway
D)　the author may never take train because of its potential dangers

20. What is the tone of this passage? C
A) Practical　　　C) Satirical
B) Humorous.　　 D) Exaggerated

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