浙江大学英语考博真题及答案

2014年浙江大学考博真题和参考答案 1. 听力 Part A 原文：
In my opinion, technology has become too advanced. I am 17-years-old, and I can still remember a time when I did not have a computer in my home, and if you did, it

was uncommon. Not until the mid-1990s was it common for（middle class families） to have computers. In our society today, almost every single family has at least one

computer if not more, and these computers are incredibly advanced compared to what you'd have had in your home a short ten years ago. Over the years, I have seen

technology bloom; all I have known my entire lifetime, is that there is going to be something bigger, I should really say smaller, and better （out on the market） in

no time. I can't believe how fast manufacturers are coming out with new technology. What will happen in the future, will technology become so advanced is changes the

course of our humanity? You can do everything you want from a computer, work, play,（talk to friends）, research, and even order food! A person could live their entire

life jammed up in a room with a computer, and they would have access to everything they need! It is insane! The advances in communication technology are blowing up all

over the place as well. I, myself just bought a new camera phone, and this phone is amazing. The picture quality is superb, and not only that but I （have access to

the） internet on my PHONE! I can't believe how the cell phone market has so drastically increased. The first phone I ever had was five years ago, when I was 12 years

old. That phone today would be considered huge, clunky, heavy, and "old". I personally couldn't even imagine myself walking around with that phone （without being

embarrassed）. It just goes to show how much things have changed in five years, and people just keep on taking it all in. Every time I have bought a new phone since

that point, six months later, I have wanted a new one because my phone was not up to date. Can you believe it, after not even a year a phone can completely go off the

market because it is not advanced enough? The manufacturers are putting these things out faster than people can buy them.
2. 听力 Part B 原文括号内为答案
It is an honor to speak with you today on the issue of（ public health disparities）. I would first like to thank the organizations that made this event possible.

This has truly been a collaborative effort among a diverse group of constituents. I think this sets a positive tone and precedent for a healthy and spirited

discussion. As many of you may know, reforming and improving our health care system is an issue that is close to my heart. I believe that in the richest and most

powerful country in the world, we ought to be able to provide （basic health care）to all of our citizens. It is vitally important that we lessen the impact and burden

of illness on all people in communities, regardless of race, gender, or religions. Our discussions today are critically important to rectify the injustices that many

people face in our current health care system. Today’s sessions have a greater purpose than mere discussions and networking opportunities----today’s conference

signifies an increased and （necessary call for action） among our region’s top health professionals. Public health is directly connected to poverty, income,

education, and community. We cant’ look at health care in a silo and assume it is only a luxury for the well off. Health care needs to be provided to all people of

all color. We are morally responsible for （improving the disparities in health care） because a healthy society is the foundation on which we build our schools, our

neighborhoods, and our economy. Health care is not a privilege----it is a right. I know we have along road to travel in this country. Let's put an end once and for all

to the ruinous disease from which as many as 10 million Americans currently suffer--alcoholism. But wait. We've already tried that. For 13 years, between 1920 and

1933, there were no liquor stores anywhere in the United States. They were shut down abilished by an amendment to the Constitution and by a law of Congress. After

January 20, 1920, there was supposed to be no more manyfacturing, selling, or transporting of "intoxicating liquors". Without any more liquor, people could not drink

it. And if they did not drink it, how could they get drunk? There would be no more dangers to the public welfare from drunkenness and alcoholism. It was all bery

logical. And yet prohibition of liquor, beer, and wine did not work. Why? Because, law or no law, millions of people still liked to drink alcohol. And they were

willing to take risks to get it. They were not about to change their tastes and habits just because of a change in the law. And gans of liquor smugglers millions of

gallons of the outlawed beverages across the Canadian and Mexican borders. Drinkers were licky to know of an illegal bar that served Mexican or Canadian liquor. Crime

and drunkenness were both supposed to decline as a rusult of prohibition. Instead, people drank nore alcohol than ever-often poisoned alcohol.
1. Which of the following was NOT characteristic reason for the proposal of the 18th Amendment to the Constitution and the Volstead Act?
a) There would be no further danger to the public from alcoholism.
b) There would be a rise in the cost of alcoholic beverages.
c) Without liquor, people would not drink.
d) People would not become drunk of create a public nuisance.
2. During Prohibition, illegal alcohol was_C___.
a) sold openly
b) no longer a temptation
c) a major factor in the passage of the Volstead Act
d) brought across the Mexican and Canadian borders .
During Prohibition, people__B__.
a) lived in fear of the law
b) were willing to risk arrest for the pleasure of liquor
c) recklessly endangered their comunities
d) were respectful of the legal sanctions placed on them
4. When enacting the prohibition law, government officials assumend that__D__.
a) every American would buy alcohol illegally
b) all criminal activities would cease
c) patrols of the Canadian border would halt the sale of alcohol
d) the social threat from drunkerness would decline
5. It can be inferred from the passage that__A__.
a) the Congress was wise to repeal Prohibition
b) the Prohibition Era was characterized by a decrease in crime and drunkenness
c) during Prohibition, most Americans stopped drinking d
) laws should be passed to ban the sale of alcoholic beverages
第三篇
As people continue to grow and age, our body systems continue to change. At a certain point in your life, your body system began to weaken. Your joint may become

stiff. It may become more difficult for you to see and hear. The slow change of aging causes our bodies to lose some of their ability to bounce back from disease and

injury. In order to live longer, we have always tried to slow or stop this process that leads us toward the end of our lives. Many factors contribute to your health.

A well-balanced diet plays an important role. The amount and type of exercises you get is another factor. Your living environment and the amount of stress you are

under is yet another. But scientists studying senescence want to know: Why do people grow old? They hope that by examining the aging process on a cellular level

medical science may be able to extend the length of life. There is nothing to be afraid of as old age approaches. Many consider the later portions of life to be the

best time for living. Physical activity may lessen, but often you gain a broader understanding of yourself and the world. What we consider old age now may only be

middle-aged someday soon. Who knows with so many advances in medical science happening so quickly, life spans may one day be measured in centuries, rather than in

years!
1. When people become aging, they will lose some of their ability to bounce back from disease and injury, “bounce back” here means __A__.
A. to improve in health after one‟s disease and injury
B. to run fast
C. to recover from disease and injury
D. to jump after recovering
2. In order to live longer, ___A___.
A. we should postpone the process of aging
B. we should try to do some exercise
C. we have to try to be on a diet
D. we should keep in high spirits
3. Why are some scientists interested in studying senescence? ___B___
A. They may be able to find better ways to our life
B. If they pin down the biochemical process that makes us age, there will be hope for extending the length of life
C. They want find out if there is a link between how efficiently a cell could repair itself and how long a creature lives
D. They want to increase the general ability of our bodies
4. Many consider the later portions of life to be the best time of living, because ____A__.
A. they have a very good understanding of themselves and the outside world
B. they have nothing to do all day long only to watch their grandchildren growing up around them
C. they have come through the battle of life safely
D. they consider their life has been a successful one
5. According to the passage, “spans” means ____B_____.
A. a long period of time
B. a length of time
C. a long distance from one place to another
D. longevity
第四篇 Any country has good reason to want its citizens to be as healthy as possible, since one of its greatest resources is an active population. No country wants

its people to suffer unnecessarily from ill health. This was the kind of thinking which led to the introduction of a health service in many countries. In Britain

this has developed into a “Welfare State” in which all citizens, rich and poor alike, can get most health treatment free. The money for this is partially raised by

contributions from employers and employees. As three decades have shown, such automatic arrangements are not always ideal and there are arguments for and against the

Health Service. The number of patients treated every year and the cost of treatment are much greater than was estimated. This means that the people who work for the

Health Service—doctors, nurses and other hospital staff—have much more routine work to do and as a result they have little time for preventive medicine. The Health

Service does need more staff—a need that can only be met if more money is made available to it. However, a powerful argument for the Health Service is that many

people are able to receive expensive treatment which they could never afford themselves. Sometimes this free treatment is abused and people visit their doctors when

they don’t really need to. Because they have so many patients, doctors cannot spend as long with each one as they would like, and some people prefer to pay for

private treatment so that their doctors can give them more time. In fact, some wealthy people feel that they should pay, and so free more money for treatment to

others.
46. In the author’s view, Britain is a Welfare State in that __A__.
A. all citizens are entitled to a free medical treatment in some sense
B. poor, unlike the rich, could enjoy free medical treatment
C. health service is highly developed in Britain
D. Britain doesn’t allow its people to suffer unnecessarily from ill health
47. We can infer from the passage that __B__.
A. the Health Service is introduced to many other countries by Britain
B. the Health Service has been introduced and developed for 30 years in Britain
C. an active population is the greatest resource in Britain
D. all citizens in Britain have a good opinion of the Health Service
48. The best title for the passage would be __D__.
A. A Welfare State
B. Importance of the Health Service
C. Disadvantages of the Health Service
D. The Health Service
49. The author mentions that some wealthy people prefer to pay for private treatment because __C__.
A. their doctors can give them more time leave from work
B. those doctors have better medical instruments
C. they might save some money for the poor
D. their doctors have a stronger sense of responsibility for the patients
50. The word “abused” (Par. 4) means __B__.
A. destroyed B. used in wrong way C. ignored D. wasted
五汉译英（25分）
2013年12月份以来，中国25个省份、100多座大中城市再次遭遇雾霾侵袭。北京、上海、南京等相继沦陷为雾霾重灾区，湖北、浙江、湖南、江苏、安徽等地雾霾天创下历史纪录。国家气象

局数据显示，今年以来中国平均雾霾天数已经创出52年来之最。虽然政府部门采取了工业企业关停减产的措施应对雾霾肆虐，但收效甚微，雾霾正在对人们
的生活产生越来越多的负面效应：学校停课、汽车限行、高速封闭。而更让有关部门尴尬的是，制造出雾霾的空气污染物来源，目前仍然是一个迷。自京津冀频繁发生雾霾起，几年过去了

，对于其形成的具体原因暂无定论。大多数的专家给出答案，重污染天气形成的主要原因有二：污染物排放总量过大和不利气象条件。具体看来，长三角周边更多为化工、水泥等企业，其工

业废气组成更为复杂。当然，问题的复杂性从来不是延缓解决方案的借口。在历经了京津冀地区的雾霾恐慌后，今年9月国务院出台了《大气污染防止行动计划》，涉及包括京津冀、长三角

和珠三角在内的重点控制区的水泥、化工等六大重污染行业以及燃煤工业锅炉的新建项目。从目前学界的研究来看，PM2.5的治理绝非易事。这样的长期计划要先布局，再行动，最后是对企

业发力。类比国外相关案例，上个世纪四五十年，无论是代洛杉矶雾霾爆还是伦敦雾霾事件，最后都是在政府和企业合力后，达成协议，最后以《清洁空气法》等法案的形式完成监督。

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