复旦大学2011 年考博英语真题

复旦大学2011 年考博英语真题
Part I Vocabulary and Structure (15 points)
Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices
marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then mark the
corresponding letter on ANSWER SHEET I with a single line through the center.
1. He’s color-blind and can’t the difference between red and green easily.
A. detect B. discover C. distinguish D. determine
2. As many as 100 species of fish, some to these waters, may have been affected by the
pollution.
A. unusual B. particular C. typical D. unique
3. In her bright yellow coat, she was easily in the crowed.
A. accessible B. identifiable C. negligible D. incredible
4. Some people find that certain foods their headaches.
A. introduce B. trigger C. summon D. create
5. The workers chose to their dissatisfaction in a series of strikes.
A. deliver B. offer C. manifest D. indicate
6. Living with a roommate constraint on her---- she couldn’t play her trumpet or have parties
late at night.
A. imposed B. illustrated C. impressed D. left
7. I don’t know how to get there either—perhaps we’d better a map.
A. note B. mark C. consult D. draft
8. In the of recent incidents, we asking our customers to take particular care of their belongings.
A. evidence B. company C. light D. form
9. The police are doing all the can to bring those responsible for the bombing to
A. evidence B. hearing C. justice D. rule
10. The programme aims to make the country in food and to cut energy imports.
A. self-confident B. self-sufficient C. self-satisfied D. self-restrained
11. I think I’d like to stay home this evening going out as it is raining to heavily.
A. better than B. other than C. rather than D. sooner than
12. The public can rest that detectives are doing everything possible to find the murderer.
A. assured B. approved C. guaranteed D. convinced
13. The child’s bad behavior is often more than a way of trying to his mother’s attention away
from his sister.
A. reflect B. catch C. deflect D. reduce
14. The small building was marked with a modest brass , stating the name and the business of
the occupiers.
A. plaque B. plateau C. plague D. plaster
15. I don’t know what all the was about----it was a dull sort of a film and there was almost no
sex in it.
A. coutroversy B##### C.### D.#####
16. I missed the last flight, and declded to stay the night at the airport.
A. however B. therefore C. moreover D. meanwhile
17. You could be many dangers by traveling alone in that area.
A. subject to B. immune to C. sensitive to D. resistant to
18. She chewed each delicious mouthful as slowly as she could, the pleasure.
A. delaying B. prolonging C. insisting D. indulging
19. The candidate has an impressively range of interests and experience.
A. diverse B. vivid C. mobile D. alive
20. When I was sent to prison, I really felt I had my parents .
A. let…off B. let…down C. let…out D. let…alone
21. He outrage by calling the TV programmes “talking wallpaper”
A. provnked B. evoked C. revoked D. invoked
22.The governments is trying to the people into thinking that a war is necessary.
A. enlighten B. involve C. orient D. brainwash
23. All the questions around what she had been doing on the night of the robbery.
A. dissolved B. revolved C. evolved D. devolved
24. Make sure you’re him before you start sharing a house.
A. synonymous with B. compatible with C. subordinate to D. autonomous of
25. She said that the treatment she had received in the hospital has completely her as her
dignity.
A. thrived B. suspended C. deprived D. contrived
26. She was unimpressed by the describing him as “a vain man and dull”
A. intensively B. intensely C. downright D. actual
27. down than the telephone rang.
A. Not until 1 lay B. No sooner had 1 lain
C. Hardly had 1 lain D. Searcely did 1 lie
28. I’m sorry I’m late ----I had a mental and forget that we would have a meeting today.
A. aberration B. perversion C. imbalance D. sanity
29. I ignored an old woman who asked me for money in the street yesterday and it’s been on my
ever since.
A. morality B. conscience C. morale D. rationale
30. He saw university as a community of schlars, where students were by teachers into an
appreciation of different philosophical approaches.
A. extracted B. deducted C. inducted D. conducted
Part II Reading Comprehension (40 points)
Directions: There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some
questions or unfinished statements. For each of them, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D.
Choose the best answer and mark corresponding letter on ANSWER SHEET I with a single line
through the center.
（1）
I am running down an alley with a stolen avocado, having climbed over a white brick fence and into the forbidden back yard of a carefully manicured estate at the comer of E1 Dorado and Crescent Drive in Beverly Hills, California. I have snatched a rock-hard Fuerte avocado from one of the three avocado trees near the fence. I have been told that many ferocious dogs patrol the grounds; they are killers, these dogs. I am defying them. They are nowhere to be found, except in my mind, and I’m out and gone and in the alley with their growls directing my imagination. I am running with fear and exhilaration, beginning a period of summer.
Emerging from the shield of the alley I cut out into the open. Summer is about running, and I am running protected by distance from the dogs. At the corner of Crescent Drive and Lomitas I spot Bobby Tomitzer on a bike. I shout “Tomitzer!” He turns his head. His bike wobbles. An automobile moving rapidly catches Tomitzer’s back wheel. Tomitzer is thrown high into the air and onto the concrete sidewalk of Crescent Drive. The driver, a woman with gray hair, swirls from the car hysterically and hovers noisily over Tomitzer, who will not survive the accident. I hold the avocado to my chest and stand, frozen, across the street. I am shivering in the heat, and sink to my knees. It is approximately 3:30 in the aftemoon. It is June 21,1946. In seven days, I will be 8 years old.
31. The best title for this story could be
A. Summer
B. Killer Dogs
C. My Eighth Birthday
D. The Alley
32. The main image in paragraph 1 is of a young boy
A. climbing a white brick fences
B. snatching avocados
C. running with fear and exhilaration
D. defying femcious dogs
33. The main image in paragraph 2 is of
A. Tomitzer riding his bike
B. exhilaration turning into horror
C. the 7-year-old emerging from the alley
D. the hysteria of the woman driver
34. The story start with the feeling of and ends with the feeling of .
A. joyful action…horrified inaction
B. being alone…standing
C. being alone…being with others
D. being alone in the open… shivering in the heat
35. The phrase “shivering in the hest”(near the end of this passage) dramatically describes shock
through
A. the use of minute detail
B. the unexpected combination of hot and cold
C. its implied reference to the word‘frozen’
D. the contrast of death and play
(2)
Analysts have had their go at humor, and I have read some of this interpretative literature, but without being greatly instructed. Humor can be dissected, as a frog can, but the thing dies in the
process and the innards are discouraging to and but the pure scientific mind. In a newsreel theatre the other day I saw a picture of a man who had developed the soap bubble to a higher point than it had ever before reached. He had became the ace soap bubble blower of
America, had perfected the business of blowing bubbles, refined it, doubled it, squared it, and had even worked himself up into a convenient lather. The effect was not pretty. Some of the bubbles were too big to be beautiful, and the blower was always jumping into them or out of them, or playing some sort of unattractive trick with them. It was , it anything, a rather repulsive sight. Humor is a little like that: it won’t stand much blowing up, and it won’t stand much poking. It has a certain fragility, an evasiveness, which one had best respect. Essentially, it is a complete mystery. A human frame convulsed with laughter, and the laughter becoming hysterical and uncontrollable, is as far out of balance as one shaken with the hiccoughs or in the throes of a sneezing fit. One of the things commonly said about humorists is that they really very sad people—clown with a breaking heart. There is some truth in it, bur it is badly stated. It would be more accurate, I think, to say that there is a deep vein of melancholy running through everyone’s life and that the humorist, perhaps more sensible of it than some others, compensates for it actively and positively. Humorist fatten on trouble. The have always made trouble pay. They struggle along with a good will and endure pain cheerfully, knowing how well it will serve them in the sweet by and by. You find them wrestling with foreign languages, fighting folding ironing boards and swollen drainpipes,
suffering the terrible discomfort of tight boots (or as Josh Billing wittily called them, “the” boots). They pour out their sorrows profitably, in a form that is not quite fiction nor quite fact either. Beneath the sparkling surface of these dilemmas flows the strong tide of human woe.
36.The central theme of this essay is:
A. There is little humor in old newsreel.
B. Humor can be dissected like a frog.
C. Humor is essentially a mystery, and because humorists are more aware of melancholy, they
seem sadder than most people.
D. Humorists need to compensate for the pain they have suffered.
37. The main idea of paragraph 2 is:
A. The author once saw a picture of the largest soap bubble ever made
B. The bubble blowing performance was a repulsive sight.
C. Humor is fragile.
D. Laughter is not a measure of humor.
38. Why does the author feel that when humor is dissected, it dies in the process?
A. The fun in humor lies in examining its contents
B. Humor must tantalize the senses on impact----if it has to be explained, it loses its effect.
C. Humor is best enjoyed by people with scientific minds.
D A good humorist should explain his or her joke to make sure everyone understands it.
39. The word “melancholy” in paragraph 3 probably means .
A. joy
B. sadness
C. hysteria
D. exhilaration
40. In his final sentence, the author is evoking an image of
A. the ocean
B. sparkling germs
C. high tide
D. flowing water
(3)
Every time an old building is tom down in this country, and a new building goes up, the ground
floor becomes a bank.
The reason for this is that banks are the only ones who can afford the rent for the ground floor of
the new building going up. Besides, when bank loans someone money to build a new building, it
usually takes an option for the street-floor facilities.
Most people don’t think there is anything wrong with this and they accept it as part of the
American free-enterprise system. But there is a small group of people in this country who are fighting
for Bank Birth Control.
This is how Huddlestone Hubbard, the BBC’s chairman, explained it.
“whenever you see an building torn down,” Hubbard said, “you usually see a candy store, a dry
cleaner, a delicatessen, and possibly a florist torn down with it. These shops are all replaced in the
new buildings with a beautiful glass, aluminum, wall-to wall-carpeted money factor.”
“Now from an aesthetic viewpoint, a bank looks better than a fry cleaner, a candy store, a
delicatessen and a florist. But from a practical point of view, it’s a sheer disaster. If you want a
newspaper, a candy bar or a chocolate milk shake, you can’t get it a bank. Nor can you run out to a
bank for a pound of Swiss cheese and a six-pack of beer when have guests coming over.”
“A bank is great if you want to buy a car, but it’s useless if you want to have your dress
cleaned.”
“And while a bank might buy flowers to give itself a human image, it doesn’t sell any when you
want to make up with your wife.”
“What you’re saying then, Mr. Hubbard, is that every time a bank goes up, something in all of
us dies.”
“Exactly. One of the reasons kids are getting in so much trouble these days is that there are
candy stores to hang around anymore. When tear down a delicatessen, the tangy smell of potato salad,
comed beef and dill pickles are lost forever. Unless you’re trying to make a loan, no one ever
salivates in a bank.”
“It is true,” I said.
“The situation is more crucial than anyone thinks,” Hubbard said. “at the rate they’re tearing
down consumer stores and replacing them with banks, we estimate that in ten years it will be
impossible to buy a loaf of bread in the country . What good is it to get 7 percent on your money if
you starve to death?”
“Then what you’re saying is that it isn’t a question of not taking it with you. It’s question of
staying alive while you have it,” I said.
“Something like that,” Hubbard agreed. “we’re tying to get the public to wake up to e fact it’s
better to have a store that sells screwdrivers than a bank that gives away alarm clocks.”
“what’s the solution?”
“A govemment decree that a bank has to supply the same services of the stores it true down on
the same property. If it’s a bakery, they have to sell cake, if it’s a photography shop, they have to
develop films, and if it’s a dry-goods store, they have to sell warm underwear. If they provide the
services of the stores they tore down, then we’ll let them do a little money lending on the side. ”
41. The central theme of the essay is:
A. Practically every new commercial building erected today is owned by a bank.
B. Banks are attempting to drive small merchants out of service.
C. New banks are not assets to a neighborhood in spite of their attractive appearance.
D. By occupying ground floor space in new buildings, banks are replacing neighborhood
shopping conveniences.
42. This essay is written in a tone of
A. humorous exaggeration
B. humorous understatement
C. serious anger
D. serious fear of the futrue
43. The author talks about the “Bank Birth Control” group because
A. it is the name of a real group
B. he hopes to become its president
C. he is being humorous to make his point
D. he is being humorous to make his point
44. He is inn favor of the author toward small neighborhood stores is that they
A. are dirty
B. are convenient and colorful
C. should be replaced by banks
D. should become supermarkets
45. The author makes his point by using
A. satire
B. drama
C. romance
D. poetry
(4)
What if our society uses new-found technologies of “genetic engineering” to interfere with the
biological nature of human beings? Might that not be disastrous?
What about cloning, for instance?
Cloning is a term originally used in connection with nonsexual reproduction of plants and very
simple animal. Now it is coming into use in connection with higher animals, since biologists are
finding ways of starting with an individual cell of a grown animal and inducing it to multiply into the
same way in the future.
But is cloning a safe thing to unleash on society? Might It not be used for destructive purposes?
For instance, might not some ruling group decide to clone their submissive, downtrodden peasantry,
and thus produce endless hordes of semi-robots who will slave to keep a few in luxury and who may
even serve as endless ranks of soldiers designed to conquer the rest of the world?
A dreadful thought, but an unnecessary fear. For one thing, there is no need to clone for the
purpose. The ordinary method of reproduction produces all the human beings that are needed and as
rapidly as is needed. Right now, the ordinary method is producing so many people as to put
civilization in danger of imminent destruction. What more can cloning do?
Secondly, unskilled semi-robots cannot be successfully pitted against the skilled users of
machine, either on farms, in factories or in armies. Any nation depending on downtrodden masses
will find itself an easy mark for exploitation by a less populous but more skilled and versatile society.
This has happened in the past often enough.
But even if we forget about self-hords, what about the cloning of a relatively few individuals?
There are rich people who could afford the expense, or politicians who could have the influence for it,
or the gifted who could undergo it by popular demand. There can be two if a particular banker or
governor or scientist—or three—or a thousand. Might this not create a kind of privileged caste, who
would reproduce themselves in greater and greater numbers, and who would gradually take over the
world?
Before we grow concemed about this, we must ask whether there will really be any great
demand for cloning. Would you want to be cloned? The new individual formed your cell will have
your genes and therefore your appearance and, possibly, talents, but he will not be you. The clone
will be, at best, merely your identical twin. Identical twins share the same genetic pattem, but they
each have own individuality and are separate persons.
Cloning is not a pathway to immortality, then, because your consciousness does not survive in
your clone, any more than it would in your identical twin if you had one.
In fact, your clone would be far less than your identical twin. What shapes and forms a
personality is not genes alone, but all the environment to which it is exposed. Identical twins grow up
in identical surroundings, in the same family, and under each other’s influence. A clone of yourself,
perhaps thirty of forty years younger, would grow up in a different world altogether and would be
shaped by influences that would be sure to make him less and less like you as he grows older.
He may even earn your jealousy. After all, you are old and he is young. You may once have been
poor and struggled to become well-to-do, but he will be well-to-do form the start. The mere fact that
you won’t be able to view it as a child, but as another competing and better-advantaged you, may
accentuate the jealousy.
No! imagine that, after some initial experiments, the demand for cloning will be virtually
nonexistent.
46. The central theme of the essay is:
A. Genetic engineers are experimenting with cloning.
B. The cloning of human could produce a privileged class.
C. worries about the dangers of human cloning are ill-founded.
D. Personality traits cannot be passed on though cloning.
47. The author assumes that the readers is
A. afraid of a nation of dictators
B. worried about the abuses of cloning
C. egger to put cloning to practical use
D. ready to be cloned
48. The author assumes that the reader thinks “immortality”
A. frightening
B. unavoidable
C. profitable
D. desirable
49. To hold the reader’s interest, the author
A. used quotations by famous people
B. asks frequent questions of the reader
C. presents many research statistics
D. tells many amusing stories
50. The word “hordes” as used the passage means
A. swarms of fish
B. large groups of people
C. mountain ranges
D. large fields of grain
Paper Two
Part III Cloze (10%) Directions: Fill in each of the following blanks with ONE word to complete
the meaning of the passage. Write your answer on Answer Sheet II.
A considerable amount of medical research is aimed at identifying risk factors for disease. The
rationale behind this work is that where people are informed of their risk, they will happily change
their behavior to lower that risk. 51 This is certainly a reasonable assumption, it turns out that
things are not quite that simple and straightforward. First of all, health is not necessarily a top priority
in everyone’s life and, for these people, changing behavior in the interests of health may interfere
52 such changes rarely are immediate or obvious. Usually, improvements in health take palace over
long periods of time and are quite subtle. 54 , we are all so bombarded with information about the
thousands of health hazards of health hazards to which we are exposed 55 most of us “tune out”
much of this information. This latter issue is compounded by the fact that much of new information
to which we are exposed through the media is exaggerated and, as often as not, is contradicted later
by even “newer” information. For these and other reasons, simply knowing about a risk does not
necessarily ensure that people will take appropriate steps to 56 it.
57 when people want to change their behavior, this is not easy to do. For example, the
overwhelming majority of smokers in this country want to quit, but 58 great effort very few are
able to do so. Most smokers acknowledge, at some level, that health hazards associated with smoking
and most wish that there were a simple and painless way to stop. 59 the number of people who
want to lose weight is very large, but few of these people are able to do it and even 60 are able to
maintain such weight losses.
Part IV Translation (20%)
Directions: Put the following passage into English. Write your English version on Answer Sheet II.
我认为没有人不喜欢到处去看看：多看看他人，多阅他乡，不但可以认识世界，亦可以认
识自己。有人旅行时乘豪华游轮，谢灵运再世大概也会如此。有人背负行囊，翻山越岭；有人
骑自行车环游天下。这些都令人羡慕。我所优为的，却是驾车长征，去看天涯海角。我的太太
比我更爱旅行，所以夫妻两人正好互作旅伴，这一点只怕徐霞克也要羡慕。不过徐霞客是大旅
行家、大探险家，我们，只是浅游而已。
Part V Writing (15%)
Directions: plagiarism (L. plagiarius: kidnapper), is generally considered as the use or close
imitation author’s original language, thouthts, ideas, or expressions, and the representation of them
as one’s own original work. Within academia, plagiarism is considered academic dishonesty or
academic fraud, and is punished by sanctions ranging from suspension to termination, along with
the loss of credibility and integrity, as well as other severe career damages.
In an essay entitled: Reflection on Plagiarism. You are expected to make your comments on this
issue in about 250 words. Remember to write your composition of Answer Sheet II.

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