郑州大学 2006年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试英语试题(A卷)

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郑州大学

2006年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试英语试题(A卷)

PART I             VOCABUIARY               (10%)
Directions: There are 20 sentences in this part. Beneath each sentence there are 4 words or phrases marked A) B), C) and D). Choose the one word or phrase that correctly completes the sentence. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.
1. The picnic ______at lastafter being twice postponed.
A) came off B) came up C) put on D) went on
2.Lenny advises me to have a _____of brandy because it will make me less nervous inmy presentation.
A) bit               B) lick             C) sip D)flavor
3. Adams hadn't a______ what the speaker was talking about most of the time because theclass was in chaos
A) guess            B)thought         C)concept           D) clue
4.The National Geographic Society headquarters ,______in Washington,D.C, is well-known for its magazine.
A) located B) placed           C) stood            D)positioned
5.The baby keeps______---Shemust be getting a terriblecold
A) sneezing          B) sniffing         C) yawning D)spitting
6.When them was a short _____inthe conversation, I asked if anyone would like anything to drink.
A) blank             B) space            C)pause          D)interval
7.Hotel rooms must be ______bynoon, but luggage may be left with the porter.
A) departed            B)abandoned       C)vacated          D)displaced
8.Tom read it through quick so as to get the ______of itbefore setting down to a thorough study.
A) detail              B) essence         C)gist              D)core
9.The priest made the ______ofthe cross when he entered the church
A)mark                B)signal             C)sign              D)gesture
10.For many patients, institutional care is the most _______andbeneficial form of care
A) appropriate       B)pertinent C) acute             D)persistent
11. Among all thechanges resulting from the ______entry of women into the work force, the transformation that hasoccurred in the women themselves is not the least important
A)massive           B)quantitative        C)surplus          D)formidable
12. In the ExportCommodities Fair the ______offine china attracted much attention of customers from all over the world.
A) succession         B)army             C) string            D)procession
13.We realized that he was under great ______,so we took no notice ofhis bad temper.
A) emotion          B)stress            C)crisis             D)nervousness
14.His ideas are invariably condemned as ______by his colleagues.
A) imaginative        B)ingenious         C)impractical        D) theoretical
15.The president explained that the purpose of taxation was to ______governmentspending.
A)finance            B)expand            C)enlarge           D)budget
16.Taking photographs is strictly ______here, as it may damage the precious cave paintings.
A) forbidden           B)rejected           C)excluded          D)denied
17.Doctors' efforts to develop a new way to see the brain working have so far ______withsatisfaction.
A) found           B)shown         C)given            D)met
18. The study alsoshowed that, ______towhat many people believe, if you skip breakfast, you will not lose weight atall.
A) contrary B) identical C) equivalent D) hostile
19.The viewers of the poet's most recent book ______hisreputation.
A) enlarged              B) enriched     C) enhanced          D) encouraged
20.The student couldn't ______whatthe teacher was trying to explain.
A) grip                 B)seize        C) grasp           D) snatch
PART II   Reading Comprehension                         (30%)
Section A

Directions: Read the following passages and answer the questionswhich accompany them by choosing A; B, C or D).Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET.

Passage 1

Despite Denmark'smanifest virtues, Danes never talk about how proud they are to be Danes. This would soundweird in Danish. When Danes talk to foreigners about Denmark, they always begin by commentingon its tininess, its unimportance, the difficulty of its language, the general small-mindednessand sell-indulgence of their countrymen and the high taxes. No Dane would look you in theeye and say, "Denmarkis a great country." You're supposed to figure this out for yourself.
It is the land of the silk safety net, where almost half thenational budget goes toward smoothing out life's inequalities, and there is plenty of money for schools,daycare, retraining programs, job seminars-Danes love seminars: three days at a study centre hearingabout waste management is almost as good as a ski trip. It is a culture bombarded by English, inadvertising, pop music, the Internet and despite all the English that Danish absorbs---there is no Danish Academyto defend against it—old dialectspersist in Jutland that can barely beunderstood by Copenhageners. It is the land where, as the sayinggoes, "Few have too much and fewer have too little, "and a foreigneris struck by the sweet egalitarianism that prevails, where thelowliest clerk gives you a level gaze, where Sir and Madame have disappearedfrom common usage, even Mr. and Mrs. It's a nation of recyclers---about 55 % ofDanish garbagegets made into something new--and no nuclear power plants. It's a nation oftireless planner. Trains run on time. Things operate well in general.
Such a nation of overachievers--a brochure from the Ministry ofBusiness and Industry says, "Denmarkis one of the world's cleanest and most organ/zed countries, with virtually nopollution, crime, or poverty. Denmarkis the most corruption-free society in the Northern Hemisphere." So, ofcourse, one's heart lifts at any sighting of Danish sleaze: skinheadgraffiti on buildings ("Foreigners out of Denmark!"),broken beer bottles In the gutters, drunken teenagers slumped in the park.
Nonetheless, it is an orderly land. You drive through a Danishtown, it comes to an end at a stone wall, and on the other side is a field of barley, a nice clean line:town here, country there. It is not a nation of jay-walkers. People stand on the curb and wait for thered light to change, even if it's 2 a.m. and there's not a car in sight. However, Danes don't think of themselves as a wainting-at-2-a.m.-for-the-green-lightpeople-- that's how they see Swedes and Germans. Danes see themselvesas jazzy people, improvisers, more free spirited than Swedes, but the truth is(though one should not say it) that Danes are very much like Germans andSwedes. Orderliness is a main selling point. Denmark has fewnatural resources, limited manufacturing capability; its future in Europe will be as a broker,banker, and distributor of go6ds. You send your goods by container ship toCopenhagen, and these bright, young, English-speaking, utterly honest, highlydisciplined people will get your goods around toScandinavia, the Baltic States, and Russia. Airports, seaports, highways, andrail lines are ultramodern and well-maintained.
The orderliness of the society doesn't mean that Danish lives areless messy or lonely than yours or mine, and no Dane would tell you so. You can hear plenty aboutbitter family feuds and the sorrows of alcoholism and about perfectly sensible people who went off oneday and killed themselves. An orderly society cannot exempt its members from the hazards oflife.
But there is a sense of entitlement and security that Danes growup with. Certainthings are yours by virtue of citizenship, and you shouldn't feel bad for takingwhat yon' re entitled to, you' re as good as anyoneelse. The rules of the welfare system are clear to everyone, the benefits youget if you lose your job, the steps you take to get a new one; and the orderlinessof the system makes it possible for the country to weather high unemployment and social unrest withouta sense of crisis.
21.The author thinks that Danes adopt a ______attitude towards their country.
A) boastful       B)mode           C)deprecating            D) mysterious
22.Which c' he following is NOT a Danish characteristic cited in the passage?
A) Fondness of foreign culture.          B) Equality in society.
C) Linguistictolerance.                D) Persistentplanning.
23.The author's reaction to the statement by the Ministry of Business and Industryis______.
A) disapproving     B)approving      C) noncommittal          D)doubtful
24.According to the passage, Danish orderliness______.
A) sets the people apart from Germans and Swedes
B) spares Danes social troubles besetting other people
C) is considered economically essential to the country
D) prevents Danes from acknowledging existing troubles
25.At the end of the passage the author states all the following EXCEPT that______.
A) Danes are clearly informed of their social benefits
B) Danes take for granted what is given to them
C) the open system helps to tide the country over
D) orderliness has alleviated unemployment

Passage 2

Why do adults believe that alcoholic awareness programs teachyoung people not to over-drink? Recently, reading an article about the alcohol-induced deaths oftwo students from two different universities in Colorado,I came across a theme on teen drinking applicable to parents, school administration,and local government: They just don't get it.
To use a pun by New YorkTimes columnist Thomas Friedman, who changes WMD to PMD (people of massdestruction), T call much of the adult generation PMNs--- people of massnaiveté. Isay this because adults seem to believe that no child of theirswould touch alcohol before turning 21. Since that's unrealistic, the issue should be: how can kidslearn to drink responsibly? The answer: by practicing.Like figuring out how to throw a baseball, a person needs tolearn by trial and error.
Now, I amnot proposing that under-age kids should have access to alcohol at all times,but they will never know when they have reached their limit withoutdrinking alcohol first. Trust me, we know howterrible we feel when we have surpassed our limit.
It has often been stressed to my generation that there shouldalways be a designated driver who does not drink. But, realistically, when people go to a bar, arethey not supposed to drink? My friend, a willing designated driver, was asked by a friend in the bar why hedid not have a drink in his hand. He responded: "I am driving." She then repeated herquestion while laughing. In other words, college studentsface intense pressure to drink when they are out socially, even though somemanage to with- stand it.
The solution I propose is two-fold. First, to parents: If you havechildren in high school, understand that your kids will drink at parties. Despite the legaldrinking age, they will find a way to obtain beer or liquor. While you are home during this holidayseason, have a drink with your kids and their friends, or, at the very least, allow them to have a drink.Ensure they are safe, but also guarantee that they know what they are doing. Please introduce them toalcohol before they go off to college so that, on the first weekend, they don't drink themselves into theER. They do this not because they want to drink to get drunk, but because they do not know any better.
Second, to lawmakers: How are teenagers supposed to learn to drinkresponsibly when they cannot even drink legally with their parents at a restaurant.'?Having a drink with your parents at a restaurant is a much more adult experience than drinking with themat home. The truth of the matter is that almost all under-age drinking is done outside the home, insocial circles. So lawmakers should make an exception and allow teenagers, who are one or two yearsunder the drinking age and accompanied by their parents, to have a drink at a restaurant.
Most of us live in an environment that is geared toward drinkingand overdrinking, and adults must face this truth. If they do not wake up and see reality,their kids one morning might not wake up from a night of drinking.
26.This passage can be best titled as______.
A) How to Practice Drinking B)Don't Drink Beyond Your Limit
C) My Personal Opinion on Alcohol Drinking D) Teaching Kids to Drink Responsibly
27.Which of the following statement cannot be inferred from this passage?
A) Lawmakers should permit teenagers to drink.
B) The lawful age for people to drink in America is 21.
C) The author has the experience of drinking beyond his limit.
D) Under-age kids are sometimes pressed to drink when they are outsocically.
28.The author's attitude towards the phenomenon of teenagers' drinking is that of ______.
A) favorable        B)undisclosed C) impartial D) realistic
29.This passage is mainly written for ______to read.
A) parents          B)lawmakers     C)both A and B     D)under-age kids
30.The general tone of this passage is______.
A) dogmatic        B)persuasive       C) impersonal        D) ironic

Passage 3
One tenth of all bird species could be extinct by 2100, and bythen another 15% could be on the brink of extinction, Californian scientists report. They say theconsequences for humankind are unpredictable.
Cagan Sekercioglu of the Stanford centre for conservation biologyand colleagues report in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences that they madea painstaking analysis of 9,787 living and 129 extinct bird species, taking in conservation,distribution, ecological roles and life history. They also consider the threats from human populationgrowth, pollution, habitat destruction, and competition from invasive species, before coming to a gloomyconclusion. "Our projections indicate that by 2100, up to 14% of all bird species may beextinct and that as many as one out of four may befunctionally extinct that is, critically endangered or extinct in thewild," Dr Sekercioglu and his colleagues report. "Given the momentum of climate change,widespread habitat loss and increasing numbers of invasive species, avian declines and extinctions arepredicted to continue unabated in the near future."

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