比较结构 1z})mfsh
比较结构是考博英语的重点,也是考博英语翻译的难点。此处将比较结构常考短语分类总结,便于考生记忆和掌握。 ;[{:'^n
(1)平级比较 )l+XD I
常见短语:as…as, not so much as. My]+?.Ru
例句1:There are almost as many definitions of history as there are historians. T!u'V'Ei2
句子结构:as…as的结构可以译为"A和B一样…"。本句按字面意思翻译为"对历史的定义和历史学家的数量一样多",但是考博英语翻译时需要对汉语加以调整。 -`zG_]=-
参考译文:几乎每个历史学家对历史都有自己的定义。 awj+#^
例句2:Never before has television served so much to connect different peoples and nations as in the recent events in Europe. c;c:Ea5
句子结构:never表否定含义,本句话包含了not so much as的比较结构。这个结构有两种形式,一种是A not so much… as B,这是两个对象的比较,意思是"A不像B那么…";另一种结构是not so much A as B,这是同一个对象的两个方面的比较,表示否定A肯定B,意思是"不是A是B;与其说A不如说B"。本句是第一种结构,比较的是before和the recent events。 <@u0.-]
参考译文:在此之前,就加强不同的民族和国家之间的联系而言,电视还从来没有像在最近的欧洲事件中起过如此大的作用。 {PN:bb
例句3:Science moves forward, they say, not so much through the insights of great men of genius as because of more ordinary things like improved techniques and tools. 98ca[.ui
句子结构:本句中的比较结构是not so much A as B,译为"与其说A不如说B"比较的是though和because of两个介词短语。 )^t!|*1LA
参考译文:科学向前发展,与其说是由于天才伟人的真知灼见,不如说是因为如改进了的技术和工具等更为普通的东西。 uk`T+@K
(2)than的比较结构 -M"IVyy@
常见短语:形容词比较级+than,more than,less than,no more than,no less than, not any more than,not any less than等。 kRmj"9oA
*****more than,less than结构 n_<mPU
more A than B的比较结构,是肯定A否定B;less A than B和not so much A as B表示同一个含义,否定A肯定B,译为"不是A是B;与其说A不如B"。 q{a#HnZo"
*****not any more than,no more than,not any less than,no less than结构 rs[?v*R74
这四个比较结构中not和no的否定含义不同,not否定的是具体、部分,而no否定的是抽象、全部。 R<Z^L~)
no more...than... (=not any more...than...)结构中no否定的是全部,指两个比较对象"都不…";同理,no less...than... (=not less ...than...)的比较结构指两个比较对象"都…"。 %lXbCE:[
例句1:Science, in practice, depends far less on the experiments than on the preparedness of the minds of the men who watch the experiments. e Wc_ N
句子结构:本句包含比较结构(far) less than,far是副词修饰比较级。比较的对象是on the experiments和on the preparedness of the minds of the men。该比较结构表示否定前者,肯定后者,译为"与其说…不如说…"。 j h;
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参考译文:科学与其说取决于试验本身,不如说取决于有准备的头脑。 riID,aut
例句2:But his primary task is not to think about the moral code, which governs his activity, any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business. @(Z( /P;:
句子结构:本句包含比较结构not any more than,相当于no more than,表示两者都否定,译为"都不"。比较的对象是to think about the moral code和to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business。 D~Z=0yD
参考译文:他的主要任务不是去思考道德准则,正如人们不应该期待商人去致力于探索商业行为规范一样。 FI\IY
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