中国人民大学 2007 年博士研究生入学考试试题
(非英语专业)
<f)T*E^5% Part I. Vocabulary (20 %) l*CCnqE Directions:Choose the best answer (from A, B, C and D) tocomplete each of the following sentences. Mark your choice with a single baracross the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.
aS>cXJ;= 1. Tom doesn’t think that the
situation here is as good as his hometown' s.
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A. economics
[ gR,nJH. B. economic
H<nA*Zf2@R C. economy
5L7nEia' D. economical
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2.
the increase in the number of computers in ouroffices, the amount of paper hat we need has risen as well.
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A. Along with
Ne3YhCC> B. Altogether
.Tw:Y,G C. Although
IQd~`
G D. All along
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3. The food was divided
according to the age and size of the child.
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A. equally
u35"oLV6}# B. individually
LU@1Gol C. sufficiently
'9Q#%E!* D. proportionally
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4. Our new firm
fora credible, aggressive individual with great skills to fill this position.
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A. have looked
sK/ymEfRv B. are looking
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C. is looking
Rz&}e@stl D. look
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5. Plastic bags are useful for holding manykinds of food,
their cleanness, toughness and low cost.
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A. by virtue of
U 17=/E B. in addition to
3Q7PY46 C. for the sake of
)"2eN3H/ D. as opposed to
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6. He
himself bitterly for his miserable behaviorthat evening.
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A. repealed
;/IXw>O(/ B. resented
uI9+@oV C. replayed
CEzdH!nP D. reproached
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7. Many of the fads of the 1970s
as today' s latest fashions.
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A. are being revived
I\[z(CHg@ B. is revised
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C. are revoked
|X6R2I D. is being reviled
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8. All of the international delegatesattending the conference
tobring a souvenir from their own countries.
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A. has asked
? 5OK4cR B. is asking
V<ilv< C. were asked
iYlkc D. was asking
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9. Britain hopes of a gold medal inthe Olympic Games suffered
yesterday, when Hunter failed to qualifyduring preliminary session.
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A. a severe set-back
\
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C. a severe blown-up
,,ML^ey D. sharp blown-up
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n~j0 Dg}EI^ d
10. If you want to do well on the exam, you
on the directions that the professor gives andtake exact notes.
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A. will have concentrated
by,3A B. have to concentrate
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C. will be concentrated
s'Qmrs
a D. will be concentrating
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11. What
about that article in the newspaper was thatits writer showed an attitude cool enough, professional enough and, therefore,cruel enough when facing that tragedy.
BE54L+$p 3bQq
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A. worked me out
x<.(fRv B. knocked me out
C@pn4[jTl C. brought me up
DV)NY!
D. put me forward
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12. Since his injury was serious, thedoctor suggested that he
in the game.
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A. did not play
UVW4KUxR B. must not play
#Kx @:I C. not play
sN) xNz D. not to play
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13. According to the latest report,consumer confidence
a breathtaking 15 points last month, to itslowest level in ten years.
xZ
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A. soared
,8cVv->u/ B. mutated
~aXJ5sY"f& C. plummeted
7I;0%sVQ{ D. fluctuated
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14. Our car trunk
with suitcases and we could hardly make roomfor anything.
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A. went cramming
L=WKqRa>4 B. was crammed
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c]
C. is cramming
gJg+
]-h/ D. was been crammed
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15. The secretary didn't know who he was,or she
him more politely.
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A. will be treating
J~h9i=4<bF B. would have treated
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C. was treating
nB}eJ
D| D. would have been treated
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16. The instructions on how to use the newmachine
that nobody seemed to be able to understand.
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A. were very simplistic
mILCC}K
t B. was very confused
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C. were so confusing
X9C:AGbp D. was so simplistic
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17. John played basketball in college and
active ever since.
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A. have extremely been
f{|n/j;n=C B. has been extremely
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C. will be extremely
L:.Rv0XT D. should extremely be
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18. The
of the spring water attracts a lot of visitorsfrom all over the country.
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A. clash
%Siw> B. clarify
V2g"5nYT C. clarity
SE$l,Z"[*b D. clatter
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19.
the gift in beautiful green paper, Sarahdeparted for the party.
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A. Having wrapped
}hXmK.[' B. To wrap
`'pfBVBz C. Wrap
V0_^==Vs D. Wrapping
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9-d
20. The advertisement for Super Sudsdetergent
that the sale has increased by 25% in thefirst quarter of the year.
semTAoqH ?` 2z8uD/ W>[TFdH?
A. have been so successful
p1IN%*IV+o B. had been so successful
]@l;;Sp _?XR;2] oF s)UR
C. has been so successful
^vI`#}? D. will be so successful
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21. Tom and Alice
having a new car to replace their old one foryears.
hS^8/]E={ 7&Ie3[Rm_3 V} h)e3X
A. has been dreaming of
6s$h _$[X B. have been dreaming of
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C. has dreamed
+0:]KG!Zs. D. will have dreamed
B
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22. When the air in a certain space issqueezed to occupy a smaller space, the air is said to be
.
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A. commenced
Pe@*')o* B. compressed
T~d_?UAw$ C. compromised
cfHtUv D. compensated
,
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nMBF/75 <Q_E3lQy/
23.
theheavy pollution, the city officials have decided to cancel school for the day.
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A. Prior
)1!0'j99. B. By means of
<#)Q.P C. Due to
Po\d! D. Through
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24. Our boss is taking everyone to theballet tonight, and I need to make sure my new dress
BoHNni forthe occasion.
HgTBON( {@[#
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A. has been cleaned
7MhaLkB_6 B. should have been cleaned
~eXI}KhBw6 *1*i5c $|I hO
C. is being cleaned
/#[mV(k D. has been cleaning
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25. Peter's mother kept telling him that
inthe street is dangerous, but he would not listen.
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A. played
!j9(%
,PR B. will play
p\tA&>3- C. playing
hSaw)g`w D. been playing
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26. A knowledge of history
usto deal with the vast range of problems confronting the contemporary world.
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A. equips
U}GO* + B. provides
VgS2_TU C. offers
w=thaF. D. satisfies
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27. He wouldn’t even think of wearingclothes;
they make him look so old!
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A. same
m[Qr>= " B. despite
afjEN
y1 C. such
#,OiZQJC D. that
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C 0kaMYV?
28. Mary finally decided
all the junk she had kept in the garage.
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A. get rid
+l<;?yk:; B. gotten rid of
S0;s
7X#c C. getting rid of
;>Z0e`= D. to get rid of
-
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&B- w
29. The team leader Of mountain climbersmarked out
.
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A. that seemed to be the best route
]MB6++.e B. what seemed to be the best route
}q:4Zh'l!
'Ge8l%p H2CpZK'
C. which seemed to be the best route
/&yc?Ui D. something that to be the best route
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30. Tom Jones, who
around the world, will come to Asia next month.
KuMH,rXF 7~VDk5Z6 Uq.hCb`:
A. will be touring
ccy q~ B. have toured
Jl ?_GX}ZY C. had been touring
eq
qnR.0 D. has been touring
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s#EDs U"L-1]L `{Fz
31. The paint on the clown's face
that it scared the children he was trying toentertain.
0+KSD{ >*$Xbj* 2j$~lI
A. was so exaggeration
FDuIm,NI B. were an exaggeration
S(_
DR8 ."y tBF 6u{%jSA>D\
C. was such an exaggeration
*C.Kd
f3w D. was exaggerating
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32. Men often wait longer to get help formedical problems than women, and
,women live about six years longer than men on an average.
0+AMN- ?h,.
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A. instead of
\!IEZ B. constantly
^,`
L!3 C. consequently
6#HnA"I2n D. because
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33. The
emphasis on exams is by far the worst form ofcompetition in schools.
JX`>N(K4\ LVd
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A. negligent
TW=N+ye^1( B. edible
-jVg{f! C. fabulous
$9Gra# D. disproportionate
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34. There is
conflicting information on how much iron womenneed in their diet.
BRv#` Sp]ov:]%f c)c_Qv
A. so much
rw?wlBEG% B. so many
?F~0\T,7 C. too few
FA;B:O@:' D. a few
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35. It must guarantee freedom ofexpression, to the end that all
to the flow of ideas shall be removed.
p
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A. prophecies
ac8su0 B. transactions
<)o xs]< C. arguments
=.,XJIw& D. hindrances
Me^L%%:@ Y>K8^GS ,.&D{$1W
36. Not until the 1980s
inBeijing startto find ways to preserve historic buildings from destruction.
},#AlShZu <iM}p^jX9 7*4i0{]
A. some concerned citizens
x( rl|o B. some concerning citizens
+:u
&] f1U:_V^d .C1g Dry]
C. did some concerning citizens
!@>:k3DC& D. did some concerned citizens
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37. After failing his mid-term exams,Jeremy was
face his parents.
&]c7<=`K" H+Q_%%[N t_qX7P8+'
A. too ashamed to
f1t?<=3Ek< B. too embarrassing to
>9[wjB2?} "p&4Sn3T2? CDDEWVd
C. very ashamed of
ShOB"J- D. very embarrassing to
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38. My grandmother has been going to abetter dentist, so this
problems she is having with her dentures.
~bfjP2
g Zy6>i2f4f ?)4c!3#
A. won' t eliminate
I5g!c|#y
B. will be elimination
!XY}\zKq S?Uvt? ['
l}*
C. should have been eliminated
q?#w%0} D. should help eliminate
MUp{2_RA q)]S:$?BT 1@`mpm#Y
39. He told a story about his sister whowas in a sad
when she was iii and had no money.
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A. plight
=z2g}X B. polarization
o]0\Km C. plague
yzJTNLff D. pigment
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40. During her two-week stay in Beijing, Elizabethnever
a chrome(chance) to practice her Chinese.
T28Q(\C:} -[>G@m:?e )>WSuf
j
A. passed by
B6]M\4v B. passed on
*AI?md C. passed out
J ?H|" D. passed up
+q)B4A'J! q=uJ^N wfBf&Z0{
Part II. ReadingComprehension (30%) M1=y-3dW3 Directions: Rend the following passages and then choose the best answer (fromA, B, C and D) to complete each of the following sentences. Mark your choicewith a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring AnswerSheet.
R>`TV(W`9 Passage1 "?Xb$V7 British food has a good reputation, but English cooking has a badone. It is difficult to explain the reason for this. Unfortunately, however,superb raw ingredients are often mined from the kitchen so that they come tothe table without any of the natural flavor and goodness.
RyN?Sn5) This bad reputation discourages a lot of people from eating in anEnglish restaurant. If they do go to one, they are usually full of prejudiceagainst the food. It is a pity, because there are excellent cooks in England,excellent restaurants, and excellent home-cooking. How, then, has the badreputation been built up?
sqk$q pV6 Perhaps one reason is that Britain' s Industrial Revolutionoccurred very early, in the middle of the nineteenth century. As a result, thequality of food changed too. This was because Britain stopped being a largelyagricultural country. The population of the towns increased enormously between1840 and 1870, and people could no longer grow their own food, or buy it freshfrom a farm. Huge quantities of food had to be taken to the towns, and a lot ofit lost its freshness on the way.
>[TJ-%V>oR This lack of freshness was disguised by "dressing up" thefood. The rich middle classes ate long elaborate meals which were cooked forthem by French chefs. French became, and has remained, the official language ofthe dining room. Out-of-season delicacies were served in spite of theirexpense, for there were a large number of extremely wealthy people who wantedto establish themselves socially. The "look" of the food was moreimportant than its taste.
sBWLgJz?C In the 1930s, the supply of servant began to decrease. People stilltried to produce complicated dishes, however, but they economized on thepreparation time. The Second World War made things even worse by making rawingredients extremely scarce. As a result, there were many women who never hadthe opportunity to choose a piece of meat from a well-stocked butcher' s shop,but were content and grateful to accept anything that was offered to them.
YDo,9 Food rationing continued in Britain until the early 1950s. Itwas only after this had stopped, and butter, eggs and cream became moreplentiful, and it was possible to travel abroad again and taste other ways ofpreparing food, that the English difference to eating became replaced by a newenthusiasm for it.
|>AHc_:$$ 41. According to the author, it isdifficult to explain
.
ryoD 1OE A. why excellent ingredients are spoiled in the process of cooking
FR 1se B. why people do not like English cooking
>PK
\bLEo C. why British food often has a natural flavor
73'.TReK D. why people prefer home-cooking to ready made food
wMru9zyI 42. The negative effect of Britain's Industrial Revolution on English cooking is that
.
_.$g ?E/( A. the population in the countryside decreased dramatically
>Y[nU~ w B. people no longer grew their own food on their own farms
<ooRpn C. the freshness of food was lost on the way to the cities
1r;.r| D. Britainwas no longer an agricultural country
@mrGG F 43. As a result of the Industrial Revolution,
.
G[!Y6c3 A. more attention was given to the look of the food
5qx$=6PT B. French became the official language in English restaurants
Ww $?X LF C. a large number of extremely wealthy people ate in Frenchrestaurants
>\c"U1%E
D. out-of-season delicacies became very expensive
6 N.+ 44. The Second World War worsened theproblem because
.
q(cSHHv+ A. there was an increasing demand for servants
#-Nc1+gu B. there was a lack of raw ingredient supply
$mp'/] C. many women refused to choose meat from butcher' s shops
p-;I"uKv D. French chefs dominated English restaurants
a)GT\1q 45. A new enthusiasm for eating emerged in Britain
.
m^Xq<`e"< A. when many women finally had the opportunity to purchase freshmeat from a well-stocked butcher's shop
2
.)`8|c9 B. when butter, eggs and cream became available
^%r>f@h!L C. when people started traveling to other cities
' Zmslijf D. after the early 1950s
T1Y
_Jf*KJ Passage2 ;+h-o In his typically American open style of communication, Mr. Hayesconfronted Isabeta about not looking at him. Reluctantly, she explained why. Asa newcomer from Mexico,she had been taught to avoid eye contact as a mark of respect to authorityfigures, teachers, employers, parents. Mr. Hayes did not know this. He theninformed her that most Americans interpret lack of eye contact as disrespectand deviousness. Ultimately, he convinced Isabela to try and change her habit,which she slowly did.
)w3HC($g People from many Asian, Latin American, and Caribbeancultures also avoid eye contact as a sign of respect. Many African Americans,especially from the South, observe this custom, too. A master's thesis by SamuelAvoian, a graduate student at Central Missouri State University, tells howmisinterpreting eye-contact customs can have a negative impact when whitefootball coaches recruit African American players for the teams.
El)WjcmH He reports that, when speaking, white communicators usually lookaway from the listener, only periodically glancing at them. They do theopposite when listening they are expected to look at the speaker all the time.
YjM_8@< Many African Americans communicate in an opposite way. Whenspeaking, they tend to constantly stare at the listener; when listening, theymostly look away. Therefore, if white sports recruiters are not informed aboutthese significant differences, they can be misled about interest andattentiveness when interviewing prospective African American ball players.
4S+sz?W2j In multicultural America,issues of' Eye contact have brought about social conflicts of two differentkinds in many urban centers, non-Korean customers became angry when Koreanshopkeepers did not look at them directly. The customers translated the lack ofeye contact as a sign of disrespect, a habit blamed for contributing to theopen confrontation raking place between some Asians and African Americans in New York, Texas, and California. Manyteachers too have provided stories about classroom conflicts based on theirmisunderstanding Asian and Latin American children lack of eye contact as beingdisrespectful.
m=uW:
~ On the other hand, direct eye contact has now taken on a new meaningamong the younger generation and across ethnic borders. Particularly in urbancenters, when one teenager looks directly at another, this is considered aprovocation, sometimes called mad-dogging, and can lead to physical conflict.
d*{NAq'9X Mad-dogging has become the source of many campus conflicts. In onehigh school, it resulted in a fight between Cambodian newcomers andAfrican-American students. The Cambodians had been staring at the otherstudents merely to learn how Americans behave, yet the others misinterpretedthe Cambodians' intentions and the fight began.
XY1eeB- Mad-dogging seems to be connected with the avoidance of eye contactas a sign of respect. Thus, in the urban contemporary youth scene, if one looksdirectly at another, this disrespects, or "disses," that person. Muchlike the archaic phrase "I demand satisfaction," which became theoverture to a duel, mad-dogging may become a prelude to a physical encounter.
iCrLZ"$M At the entrances to Universal Studio's "City Walk"attraction in Los Angeles,they have posted Code of Conduct signs. The second rule warns against"physically over bally threatening any person, fighting, annoying othersthrough noisy or boisterous activities or by unnecessary staring..."
J(JqusQd ! 46. Many African Americans from the South
.
"dO>P*k, A. adopt a typically American open style of communication
)Cm7v@B
B. often misinterpret the meaning of eye contact
!{,
`h< C. avoid eye contact as a sign of respect
oTqv$IzqP D. are taught to avoid eye contact whenever telling to the others
v!EE[[ 47. When listening to the others, whitecommunicators tend to
.
_;1H2o2f 'U"ub2j ^5yFb=2
A. look at the speaker all the time
}dt7n65 B. glance at the speaker periodically
h7h[!> )ZA3m_w] =(x W7Pt~
C. look away from the speaker
CI };$4W~ D. stare at the speaker
(\=iKE4# J|z>5Z +80yyn#
48. Many customers in American cities areangry with Korean shopkeepers because
.
j\Z/R1RcW A. Korean shopkeepers do not look at them directly
s$s]D\N B. they expect a more enthusiastic reflection from the shopkeepers
.jfkOt?2 C. there are some social conflicts in many urban centers
8"\g?/ D. they are not informed about difference between cultures
eaI!}#>R+ 49. Mad-dogging refers to
.
FB-_a A. a provocation from one teenager to another of a different ethnicbackground
(KF=v31_m B. physical conflict among the younger generation in urban centers
'<35XjW C. a lack of eye contact as a sign of respect
)
OAd[u< D. the source of many campus conflicts across ethnic borders inurban centers
T!T6M6? 50. The archaic phrase, "I demandsatisfaction"
.
O#e' .n!rI A. was connected with the avoidance of eye contact
N!fTt, B. often led to a fight
]i3 1@O C. was a sign of disrespect
_;Q1PgT D. often resulted in some kind of misinterpretation
PV*U4aP Passage3 BihXYux* When television is good, nothing--not the theatre, not themagazines, or newspapers--nothing is better. But when television is bad,nothing is worse. I invite you to sit down in front of your television set whenyour station goes on the air and stay there without a book, magazine,newspaper, or anything else to distract you and keep your eyes glued to thatset until the station signs off. I can assure you that you will observe a vastwasteland. You will see a procession of game shows, violence, audienceparticipation shows, formula comedies about totally unbelievable families,blood and thunder, mayhem, more violence, sadism, murder, Western bad men,Western good men, private eyes, gangster, still more violence, and cartoons.And endlessly, commercials that scream and offend. And most of all, boredom.True, you will see a few things you will enjoy. But they will be very, veryfew. And if you think I exaggerate, try it.
2^}E!(< Is there no room on television to teach, to inform, to uplift, tostretch, to enlarge the capacities of our children? Is there no room for programsto deepen the children's understanding of children in other lands7 Is there noroom for a children's news show explaining something about the world for themat their level of understanding? Is there no room for reading the greatliterature of the past, teaching them the great traditions of freedom? Thereare some fine children's shows, but they are drowned out in the massive dosesof cartoons, violence, and more violence. Must these be your trademarks? Searchyour conscience and see whether you cannot offer more to your young childrenwhose future you guard so many hours each and every day.
=3Y:DPMB There are many people in this great country, and you must serve allof us. You will get no argument from me if you say that, given a choice betweena Western and a symphony, more people will watch the Western. I like Westernsand private eyes, too, but a steady diet for the whole country is obviously notin the public interest. We all know that people would more often prefer to beentertained than stimulated or informed. But your obligations are not satisfiedif you look only to popularity as a test of what to broadcast. You are not onlyin show business; you are free to communicate ideas as well as to giverelaxation. You must provide a wider range of choices, more diversity, morealternatives. It is not enough to cater to the nation's whims--you must alsoserve the nation' s needs. The people own the air. They own it as much in primeevening time as they do at six o' clock in the morning. For every hour that thepeople give you--you owe them something. I intend to see that your debt is paidwith service.
86s.qPB0 51. What the author advises us to-do is to
pD+_ K A. read a book while watching television programs
.
W+&w'~M B. observe a vast wasteland on television
eJ+uP,$ C. watch all the programs of our television station
Z>)(yi9+ D. find out why television is good
.."= 52. What seems to have offended the authormost on television is
.
iY /N%T; &gn^i!%Z) 6d RxfbL
A. violence
~v2E<S3 B. commercials
;$Eg4uX C. Westerns
V Q6&7@
c D. private eyes
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53. As far as children are concerned, theauthor's chief complaint is that
.
#PzRhanX A. cartoons and violence have become trademarks
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!N B. there is no children's news show on television
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pX>G]"-C C. there is no reading of great literature for children
v'"0Ya D. there are not enough good television programs for children
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A[{.f 54. According to the author, it is in thepublic interest to
.
YxEc(a" A. broadcast only popular television programs
6dG:3n} B. cater for the needs of all the people
0-ISOA& C. broadcast both Westerns and symphonies
2qY`*Y.2 D. entertain people only
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\.qzi 55. It is the obligation of televisionbusiness to
.
vZ
Hm' A. cater to the nation's whims
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* B. provide best programs in prime evening free
iRo/ ~( C. broadcast news programs, at six in the morning
R^`# xQ D. serve the nation's needs all the time
ZGUhje! Passage4 #{]X<et Some of my classmates in the same dorm established a chatting groupon the Net when broadband was available on campus. Then everyone faced theirown laptops and talked to each other by sending messages in the chatting groupin the same room. Their dorm was silent the whole night The only sound camefrom tapping the keyboard. Before they went to bed that night, all of themsighed and said, "that's ridiculous."
'eNcQJh Information Technology brings about revolutionary changes to humancommunication. The Internet makes the world global village; that is to say, wecan get in touch with each other swiftly regardless of one's location. However,does the convenience in communication mean that we are actually getting closer?I don't think so. As the anecdote above shows, access to broadband made myfellow classmates fall in silence. The Cambridge International Dictionarydefines "communication" as "various methods of sendinginformation between people and places," while it defines"communicate" as "to be able to understand each other and have asatisfactory relationship." Therefore, the booming of IT in modem societyis only the booming of communication. Exchanging ideas and mutual understandingbetween people do not base on such booming. On the contrary, due to therevolutionary changes, we're getting farther from each other to some extent.
S]kY'(V(* Mutual understanding is based on expression. However, expressiondoesn't necessarily lead to soul touching communication and understanding. Whenwe waffle with a mere acquaintance, we normally conceal our true feelings.Thus, we don' t establish communication with him, because we do not need him tounderstand us. The era of cyberspace further demonstrates such separation ofform and content
|K(j}^1k The Internet gives us nearly absolute freedom to speak and expressourselves. With the prosperity of blog, there are, according to recentstatistics, about 400,000 bloggers in China today. Bloggers expressthemselves on the Net at their will, while others read their blog and givecomments once for a while. It seems that blog can make us touch upon thebloggers' inside world, and make us know them better. However, things are notalways that perfect.
E2 M|b Many netizens are abusing their right of free expression. Once youopen the Explorer and browse a website, trash information about sex andviolence hits our eyes. People scold and flirt in the chatroom and BulletinBoard System (BBS). When blog comes into being, netizens even transfer suchvulgarity into their personal spaces, and show it to the public.
v(+9& In the era of the Information Technology boom, the farthest distanceon earth is no longer the polar distance. The negative impacts brought about bycyberspace have imposed an unfilled gulf between souls. Since we cannotcommunicate to each other like before, the distance between people's hearts hasbecome the farthest distance on earth.
:Ogt{t 56. The most ridiculous part of theanecdote is that
.
yQA6w% A. there was a dead silence in the dorm room the whole night
czM Thm B. the only sound came from tapping the keyboard
Sm6hyZFy C. those living in the same room communicated by sending messagesvia the Net
R;2tb7 o D. they all faced their own laptops
& 5!.!Z3 57. According to the author, InformationTechnology
.
? Xb8B5 A. brings people closer to each other
r+T@WvS%W B. results in silence among her fellow classmates
/%w9F C. enables us to reach anyone swiftly
oxN~(H)/ # D. helps to make the world a global village
C5Fk>[fS 58. The author believes that the booming ofIT in modern society
.
W
,<P]) A. encourages the exchange of ideas and the mutual understandingbetween people
DH(Qmd B. leads to soul touching communication and understanding
6%/@b`vZ C. helps to establish a satisfactory relationship
F!FXZht$P D. results in further separation between people
UZ8
vZ 59. The prosperity of blog does not help usto touch each other because
.
1Ner1EKGp A. many people abuse their right of free expression on the Net
os|Y=a B. vulgarity has been transferred into bloggers' personal spaces
qDR`)hle C. bloggers express themselves on the Net at their will
`mN*"1p- D. anyone is able to read blog and give comments
%y(
oY 60. The author believes that in the era ofthe Information Technology boom the distance between people' s hearts hasbecome the farthest distance on earth because
.
Gw3H1:yo A. there is always a silence
2hOr#I$/ B. people arc not able to communicate to each other tike before
mTG v*=l C. the Internet gives us nearly absolute freedom to express can,selves
;J"b% ~Gn D. people can scold and flirt in the chat room at will
de.!~%D Passage5 cVrses^yE According to a recent publication of the Equal EmploymentOpportunity Commission, at the present rate of progress, it will takeforty-three years to end job discrimination--hardly a reasonable timetable.
y'ZRoakz) If our goal is educational and economic equity and parity, it isthen we need affirmative action to catch up. We are behind as a result ofdiscrimination and denial of opportunity. There is one white attorney for every680 whites, but only one black attorney for every 4,000 blacks; one whitephysician for every 659 whites, but only one black physician for every 5,000blacks; and one white dentist for every 1,900 whites, but only one blackdentist for every 8,400 blacks. Less than ! percent of all engineers or-of allpracticing chemists is black. Cruel and uncompassionate injustice created gapslike these. We need creative justice and compassion to help us close them.
vWbf5? Actually, in the U.S.context, "reverse discrimination" is illogical and a contradiction interms. Never in the history of mankindhas a majority, with power, engaged in programs and written laws thatdiscriminate against itself. The only thing whites are giving up because ofaffirmative action is unfair advantage something that was unnecessary in thefirst place.
%O$4da"y Blacks are not making progress at the expense of whites, as newsaccounts make it seem. There are 49 percent more whites in medical school todayand 64 percent more whites in law school than there were when affirmative actionprograms began some eight years ago.
2=X\G~a In a recent column, William Raspberry raised an interestingquestion. Commenting on the Bakke case, he asked, "What if, instead ofsetting aside 16 of 100 slots, we added 16 slots to the 1007" That, hesuggested, would not interfere with what whites already have. He then went onto point out that this, in fact, is exactly what has happened in law andmedical schools. In 1968, the year before affirmative action programs began toget under way, 9, 571 whites and 282 members of minority groups entered U.S.medical schools. In 1976, the figures were 14,213 and 1,400 respectively. Thus,under affirmative action, the number of "white places" actually roseby 49 percent; white access to medical training was not diminished, butsubstantially increased. The trend was even more marked in Jaw schools. In1969, the first year for which reliable figures are available, 2,933minority-group members were enrolled; in 1976, the number was up to 8,484. Butduring the same period, law school enrollment for whites rose from 65,453 to107,064 an increase of 64 percent. In short, it is a myth that blacks aremaking progress at white expense.
?k$3( - Allan Bakke did not really challenge preferential treatment ingeneral, for he made no challenge to the preferential treatment accorded to thechildren of the rich, the alumni and the faculty or to athletes or the verytalented only to minorities.
gwvy$H 61. The author is for affirmative action
.
&"^,Ubfcn" A. because there is discrimination and denial of opportunity in the U.S.
v!oXcHK/ B. if we aim at educational and economic equity and parity
V~rF`1+5N C. because it will take 43 years to end job discrimination
_x<CTFTL D. when there is no reasonable timetable in the U.S.
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62. It requires
to close the gaps between the whites and theblacks in the U.S.
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A. one black attorney for ever 4000 blacks
wyqXD.of B. a lot more black engineers and chemists
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C. education and economic development
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63. Blacks are not making progress at theexpense of whites, according to the author, because
.
p9*#{~ A. what whites give up is only unfair advantage
!b<c*J?f B. there are 49 percent more white in medical school today already
8+5-7) C. whites, the majority in the U.S., will never discriminateagainst themselves
^+CTv D. there are 64 percent more whites in law schools today
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2AN%Xz 64. William Raspberry, while commenting onthe Bakke case, suggests
.
^:Vwblv( A. to offer 100 slots to whites and 16 to blacks
1n7tmRl B. to offer 84 slots to whites and 16 to blacks
V!=1 !"}OG C. to follow what has happened in law and medical schools
bqmOfGM D. to interfere with what whites already have
}a= &o6= 65. What Allan Bakke challenged was
.
!Kv.v7'N/k A. the myth that blacks are making progress at white expense
wTBp=)1)f B. unfair treatment accorded to blacks
9N^&~O|1 C. preferential treatment in general
YnZV.&4{ D. preferential treatment to minority-group members
RH+3x7l Passage6 @C40H/dE Globalization is a phenomenon and a revolution. It is sweeping theworld with increasing speed and changing the global landscape into somethingnew and different. Yet, like all such trends, its meaning, development, and'impact puzzle many. We talk about globalization and experience its effects,but few of us really understand the forces that are at work in the globalpolitical economy.
A!}Wpw%(/ When people use their cell phones, log ontothe Internet, view events from around the world on live television, andexperience varying cultures in their own backyards, they begin to believe thatthis process of globalization is a good thing that will bring a variety of newand sophisticated changes to people's lives. Many aspects of this technologicalrevolution bring fun, ease, and sophistication to people' s daily lives. Yetthe anti-World Trade Organization (WTO) protests in Seattle,Washington in 1999 and Washington, D.C.in 2000 are graphic illustrations of the fact that not everyone believes thatglobalization is a good thing. Many Americans who have felt left out of theglobal economic boom, as well as Latin Americans, Africans, and Asians who feelthat their job skills and abilities are being exploited by multinationalcorporations (MNCs) in a global division of labor, believe that this systemdoes not meet their needs. Local cultures that believe that Wal-Mart andMcDonald' s bring cultural change and harm rather than inexpensive products andconvenience criticize the process. In this way, globalization, like allrevolutionary forces, polarizes people, alters the fabric of their lives, andcreates rifts within and between people.
Q>s> @hw Many in the West, along with the prominent and elite among MNCs,educators, and policymakers, seem to have embraced globalization. They arguethat it helps to streamline economic systems, disciplines labor and management,brings forth new technologies and ideas, and fuels economic growth. They pointto the relative prosperity of many Western countries and argue that this isproof of globalization' s positive effects. They see little of the problems thecritics identify. In fact, those who recognize some structural problems in thesystem argue that despite these issues, globalization is like across thedeveloping world, view globalization as an economic and cultural wave thattears at the fabric of centuries-old societies. They see jobs emergingdisappearing in a matter of months, people moving across the landscape inrecord numbers, elites amassing, huge fortunes while local cultures andtraditions are swept away, and local youth being seduced by promises ofAmerican material wealth and distanced from their own cultural roots, Thesecritics look past the allure of globalization and focus on the disquietingimpact of rapid and system-wide change.
b?U!<s. The irony of such a far-ranging and rapid historical process Such asglobalization is that both proponents and critics may be fight. The realitiesof globalization are both intriguing and alarming. As technology and the globalinfrastructure expand, ideas, methods, and services are developed anddisseminated to greater and greater numbers of people. As a result, societiesand values are altered, some for the better and others for the worse.
i>gbT+*E! 66. The author complains that
3{o5AsVv A. few of us have a clear idea about the forces behind globalpolitical economy
^`
N+mlh B. globalization is now sweeping the world with increasing speed
)cc:Z7p C. we are puzzled by the true meaning of globalization
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