Part Two: Structure and Written Expression20
Directions: In each question decide which of four choicesgiven will most suitably complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked.Mark your choices on the ANSWERSHEET.
21.The nuclear family __________ a self-contained, self-satisfyingunit composed of father, mother and children.
A. refers to B. defines C. describes D. devotesto
22.Some polls show that roughly two-thirds of the generalpublic believe that elderly Americans are________ by social isolation and loneliness.
A. reproached B. favored C. plagued D. reprehended
23.In addition to bettering group and individual performance,cooperation ________ the quality of interpersonal relationship.
A. ascends B. compels C. enhances D. prefers
24.In the past 50 years, there ________ a great increase inthe amount of research _____on the human brain.
A. was…did B. has been…to be done C. was…doing D. has been…done
25.“I must have eaten something wrong. I feel like _____ .”“We told you not to eat at a restaurant. You’d better _______ at home when you arenot in the shape.”
A. to throw up…to eat B. throwing up…eating
C. to throw up…eat D. throwing up…eat
26. Parent shave to show due concerns to their children’screativity and emotional output; otherwise what they think beneficial to the kidsmight probably _______ their enthusiasm and aspirations.
A. hold back B. hold to C. hold down D. hold over
27. According to psychoanalysis, a person’s attention is attracted________ by the intensity of different signals ________ by their context, significance,and information content.
A. not less than…as B. as…just as C. so much…as D. not somuch…as
28.They moved to Portland in1998 and lived in a big house,_______ to the south.
A. the windows of which opened B. the windowsof it opened
C. its windows opened D. the windowsof which opening
29.The lady who has_______ for a night in the dead of thewinter later turned out to be a distant relation of his.
A. put him up B. put him out C. put himon D. put him in
30.By standers,_______,_________ as theywalked past lines of ambulances. D!K){ E A. bloody and covered with dust, lookingdazed .,)C^hs@ B. bloodied and covered with dust, lookeddazed yFIB/ln: C. bloody and covered with dust, lookeddazed ( 8[et m D. bloodied and covered with dust, lookingdazed FC' v= * 31. HongKong was not a target for terror attacks, the Government insisted yesterday, asthe US________ closed for an apparent security review.
A. Consulation B. Constitution C. Consulate D. Consular H`j s1b1n 32. Americanfans have selected Yao in a vote for the All-Star game ______the legendary O’Neal,who ______ the “Great Wall” at the weekend as the Rockets beat the Los Angeles Lakers.‑
A. in headof, ran on B. in head of, ran into
C. aheadof, ran onto D. ahead of, ran into
33. Professionalarchivists and librarians have the resources to duplicate materials in other formatsand the expertise to retrieve materials trapped in _________ computers.
A. abstract B. obsolete C. obstinate D. obese % R18 34. She alwaysprints important documents and stores a backup set at her house. “I actually thinkthere’s something about the______ of paper that feels more comforting.” She said.
A. tangibility B. tangledness C. tangent D. tantalization
35.“Theysaid what we always knew,” said an administration source,___________.
A. he askednot to be named B. who asked not to be named
C. who askednot be named D. who asked not named
36.In Germany,the industrial giants Daimler Chrysler and Siemens recently_______ their unionsinto signing contracts that lengthen work hours without increasing pay.
A. muscled B. moved C. mushed D. muted
37. He arguesthat the policy has done little to ease joblessness, and has left the country_______.
A. energized B. Enervated C. Nerved D. enacted
38. The morepeople hear his demented rants, the more they see that he is a terrorist_______.
A. who ispure and simple B. being pure and simple
C. pure andsimple D. as pure and simple
39. Thisexpansion of rights has led to both a paralysis of the public service and to a rapidand terrible ________ in the character of the population.
A. determination B. deterioration C. desolation D. desperation
40._______a declining birthrate, there will be an over-supply of 27,000 primary school placesby 2010, _______ leaving 35 school sidle.
B. Couplingwith, equivalent to
C. Coupledwith, equivalent to D. Coupling with, equals to
Part Three: Reading Comprehension 10
Passage One The Hero
My mother’s parents came from Hungary, but my grandfathercould trace his origin to Germany and also he was educated in Germany. Althoughhe was able to hold a conversation in nine languages, he was most comfortable inGerman. Every morning, before going to his office, he read the German language newspaper,which was American owned and published in New York.
My grandfather was the only one in his family to come to theUnited States with his wife and children. He still had relatives living in Europe.When the first world war broke out, he lamented the fact that if my uncle, his onlyson had to go, it would be cousin fighting against cousin. In the early days ofthe war, my grandmother begged him to stop taking the German newspaper and to takean English language newspaper, instead. He scoffed at the idea, explaining thatthe fact it was in German did not make it a German newspaper, but only an Americannewspaper, printed in German. But my grandmother insisted, for fear that the neighborsmay see him read it and think he was German. So, he finally gave up the German newspaper.
One day, the inevitable happened and my uncle Milton receivednotice to join the army. My grandparents were very upset, but my mother, his littlesister, was excited. Now she could boast about her soldier brother going off towar. She was ten years old at the time, and my uncle, realizing how he was regardedby his little sister and her friends, went out and bought them all service pins,which meant that they had a loved one in the service. All the little girls weredelighted. When the day came for him to leave, his whole regiment, in their uniforms,left together from the same train station. There was a band playing and my motherand her friends came to see him off. Each one wore her service pin and waved a smallAmerican flag, cheering the boys, as they left.
The moment came and the soldiers, all very young, none ofwhom had had any training, but who had never the less all been issued uniforms,boarded the train. The band played and the crowd cheered. The train groaned as ifit knew the destiny to which it was taking its passengers, but it soon began tomove. Still cheering and waving their flags, the band still playing, the train slowlydeparted the station.
It had gone about a thousand yards when it suddenly groundto a halt. The band stopped playing, the crowd stopped cheering. Everyone gazedin wonder as the train slowly backed up and returned to the station. It seemed aneternity until the doors opened and the men started to file out. Someone shouted,“It’s the armistice. The war is over.” For a moment, nobody moved, but then thepeople heard someone bark orders at the soldiers. The men lined up and formed intotwo lines. They walked down the steps and, with the band playing behind, paradeddown the street, as returning heroes, to be welcomed home by the assembled crowd.The next day my uncle returned to his job, and my grandfather resumed reading theGerman newspaper, which he read until the day he died.
41. Where was the narrator’s family when this story took place?
A. In Germany. B. In Hungary. C. In theUnited States D. In New York.
42.His grandfather ____________.
A. could not speak and read English well enough
B. knew nine languages equally well
C. knew a number of languages, but felt more kin to German
D. loved German best because it made him think of home
43. His grandmother did not want her husband to buy and readnewspapers in German, because ________.
A. it was war time and Germans were their enemy
B. the neighbors would mistake them as pro-German
C. it was easier to get newspapers in English in America
D. nobody else read newspapers in German during the wartime
44. The narrator’s mother wanted her brother to go to fightin the war, because________.
A. like everybody else at the wartime, she was very patriotic
B. she hated the war and the Germans very much
C. all her friends had relatives in war and she wanted tobe like them
D. she liked to have a brother she could think of as a hero
Passage Two
Waking Up from the American Dreams
There has been much talk recently about the phenomenon of“Wal-Martization” of America, which refers to the attempt of America’s giant Wal-Martchain store company to keep its cost at rock-bottom levels. For years, many Americancompanies have embraced Wal-Mart-like stratagems to control labor costs, such ashiring temps (temporary workers) and part-timers, fighting unions, dismantling internalcareer ladders and outsourcing to lower paying contractors at home and abroad.
While these tactics have the admirable outcome of holdingdown consumer prices, they’re costly in other ways. More than a quarter of the laborforce, about 34 million workers, is trapped in low-wage, often dead-end jobs. Manymiddle-income and high-skilled employees face fewer opportunities, too, as companiesshift work to subcontract or sand temps agencies and move white-collar jobs to Chinaand India.
The result has been an erosion of one of America’s most cherishedvalue: giving its people the ability to move up the economic ladder over their lifetimes. Historically, most Americans, even low-skilled ones, were able to find poorlypaid janitorial or factory jobs, then gradually climbed into the middleclass asthey gained experience and moved up the wage curve. But the number of workers progressingupward began to slip in 1970s. Upward mobility diminished even more in the 1980sas globalization and technology slammed blue-collar wages.
Restoring American mobility is less a question of knowingwhat to do than of making it happen. Experts have decried schools’ in adequacy foryears, but fixing them is a long, arduous struggle. Similarly, there have been plentyof warnings about declining college access, but finding funds was difficult evenin eras of large surpluses.
45. The American dream in this passage mainly refers to____________.-
A. there are always possibilities offered to people to developthemselves in the society
B. Americans can always move up the pay ladder
C. American young people can have access to college, eventhey are poor
D. the labor force is not trapped in low-wage and dead-endjobs
46. Wal-Mart strategy, according to this passage, is to___________.
A. hire temps and part-timers to reduce its cost
B. outsource its contracts to lower price agencies at homeand abroad
C. hold down its consumer price by controlling its labor costs
D. dismantle the career ladder and stop people’s mobilityupward
47. Which of the following statements is NOTTRUE?
A. Wal-Martization has been successful in keeping costs atrock-bottom levels.
B. Upward mobility for low-skilled workers has become impossiblein the U.S.
C. More business opportunities are given to low-cost agenciesin China and India.
D. Although people know how to restore American mobility,it’s difficult to change the present situation.
Passage Three Seniors andthe City
Tens of thousands of retirees are pulling up stakes in suburbanareas and fashioning
their own retirement communities in the heart of the bustlingcity. They are looking for what most older people want: a home with no stairs andlow crime rates. And they are willing to exchange regular weekly golf time for richcultural offerings, young neighbors and plenty of good restaurants. Spying an opportunity,major real-estate developer shave broken ground on urban sites they intended tomarket to suburban retirees. These seniors are already changing the face of bigcities. One developer, Fran Mc Carthy asks: “Who ever thought that suburban flightwould be roundtrip?”
The trickle of older folks returning to the city has growninto a steady stream. While some cities, especially those with few cultural offerings,have seen an exodus of seniors, urban planners say others have become retirees magnets.Between 1999 and 2000, the population of 64-to-75-year-olds in downtown Chicagorose 17 percent. Austin, New Orleans, and Los Angeles have seen double-digit increasesas well. There may be hidden health benefits to city living. A study reveals thatmoving from suburbs to the city can ward off the byproduct of aging--- social isolation.In the next six years, downtowns are expected to grow even grayer. For affluentretirees, city life is an increasingly popular option.
48. Retired seniors are moving back into the city because____________.
A. they find there are too many crimes in the suburbs
B. unlike the flats in the city, their country house havestairs to climb
C. they are no longer interested in playing golf
D. in the city, they have more social and cultural life againstloneliness
49. From the passage we can infer that_________.
A. the real-estate developers have broken their original contractsof construction with senior retirees
B. a life in the downtown city is expensive, and most of thoseretirees who moved back into the city are very well-off
C. with more older people living in the city, the city willbecome gray and less beautiful
D. very soon the American suburban areas will face their lowpopulation crisis
50. Fran Mc Carthy’s question means: nobody ever thought that__________.
A. people who moved out of the city decades ago now wouldmove back
B. suburban dwellers when moving back into the city must takeroundtrip
C. suburban flight years ago would go in circles
D. senior people’s moving back into the city would take placeall over the United States
Directions: Read the following passage carefully and thenexplain in your own English the exact meaning of the numbered and underlined parts.Put your answers on ANSWERSHEET(2)15
(51) Being angry increases the risk of injury, especiallyamong men, new research says.
There searchers gathered data on more than 2,400 accidentvictims at three Missouri hospitals. They interviewed each subject to determinethe patient’s emotional state just before the injury and 24 hours earlier, gatheringdata on whether the patients felt irritable, angry or hostile, and to what degree.Then they compared the results with a control group of uninjured people.
(52)Despite widespread belief in “road rage,” anger did notcorrelate with injuries from traffic accidents.
(53)Not surprisingly, anger was strongly associated with injuriesinflicted deliberately. But other injuries– those neither intentionally inflictednor from falls or traffic accidents– also showed strong associations with anger.
(54)The correlations were significantly weaker for women thanfor men, but there were no differences by race. The authors acknowledge that theirdata depend on self-reports, which are not always reliable.
(55)Why anger correlates with injury is not known. “I canspeculate that the anger may have prompted some behavior that led to the injury,or may have simply distracted the person, leading indirectly to the injury,” saidthe study’s lead author.
Part Four: Cloze Test10
Directions: Read the following passage carefully and thenfill in each numbered blank with ONE suitable word to complete the passage. Putyour answers on ANSWERSHEET (2).
Last year French drivers killed(56)_______ than 5,000 peopleon the roads for the first time in decades. Credit goes largely(57)________ the1,000 automated radar cameras planted on the nation’s high ways since 2003, whichexperts reckon(58)_______ 3,000 lives last year. Success, of course breeds success:the government plans to install 500(59)______radar devices this year.
So it goes with surveillance these days. Europeans used tolook at the security cameras posted in British cities, subways and buses(60)_______the seeds of an Orwellian world that was largely unacceptable in Continental Europe.But last year’s London bombing, in which video cameras(61)________a key role inidentifying the perpetrators, have helped spuraseachange. A month(62)_______ theLondon attacks, half of Germans supported EU-wide plans to require Internet providersand telecoms to store all e-mail, Internet and phone data for “anti-terror”(63)______.Ina British poll, 73 percent of respondents said they were(64)_______ to give up somecivil liberty to improve(65)________.
Part Five: Proof reading 10
Directions: In the following passage, there are altogether10 mistakes, ONE in each numbered and underlined part. You may have to change aword, add a word, or just delete a word. If you change a word, cross it with a slash(/)and write the correct word beside it. If you add a word, write the missing wordbetween the words (in brackets) immediately before and after it. If you delete aword, cross it out with a slash(/). Put your answer on ANSWERSHEET(2).
Examples:
eg.1(66)The meeting begun 2 hours ago.
Correction put on the ANSWERSHEET(2):(66) begun
began
eg.2(67) Scarcely they settled themselves in their seats inthe theatre when the curtain went up.
Correction put on the ANSWERSHEET(2):(67)(Scarcely) had (they)
eg.3(68)Never will I not do it again.
Correction put on the ANSWERSHEET(2):(68)not
(66)Application files are piled highly this month in collegesacross the country.(67) Admissions officers are poring essays and recommendationletters, scouring transcripts and standardized test scores.
(68)But anything is missing from many applications: a classranking, once a major component in admissions decisions.
In the cat-and-mouse maneuvering over admission to prestigiouscolleges and universities, (69) thousands of high schools have simply stopped providingthat information, concluding it could harm the chances of their very better, butnot best, students.
(70)Canny college officials,in turn, have found a tacticalway to response.(71) Using broad data that high schools often provide, like a distributionof grade averages for entire senior class, they essentially recreate an applicant’sclass rank.
(72)The process has left them exasperating.
(73)“If we’re looking at your son or daughter and you wantus to know that they are among the best in their school, with a rank we don’t necessarilyknow that,” said Jim Bock, dean of admissions and financial aid at Swarthmore College.
(74)Admissions directors say strategy can backfire.
When high schools do not provide enough general informationto recreate the class rank calculation, (75) many admissions directors say theyhave little choice and to do something virtually no one wants them to do: give moreweight to scores on the SAT and other standardized exams.
Part Six: Writing15
Directions: Write a short composition of about 250 to 300words on the topic given below. Write it neatly on ANSWERSHEET(2).
Recently, a newspaper carried an article entitled: “We ShouldNo Longer Force Gong Li and Zhang Yimou to Take Part in National Politics”. Thearticle argued that some artists and film stars are unwilling or unqualified torepresent the people in the People’s Congress or the People’s Political ConsultativeConference, and they should not be forced to do so. What do you think?
56. fewer 57. to 58. saved 59. more 60. as 61. played 62.after 63. purposes 64. ready/ willing 65. security
北京大学2006年博士入学考试试题答案
Listening0.5each)
1-5 BCAAD 6-10 BADCA
11-15 CBADA 16-20 BDCBＣ
C1:immune C11:insufficient
C2:range C12:accidents
C3:quarter C13:wheel
C4:uninterrupted C14:shift
C5:tossing C15:risk
C6:destined C16:deteriorates
C7:claim C17:snatch
C8:fooling C18:skeptical
C9:deprivation C19:substitute
C10:correlation C20:insomnia
Structureandwrittenexpression1pointeach)
21-25accdd 26-30adaab 31-35cdbab 36-40abcbc
Reading1pointeach)
41-45ccbda 46-50cbdba
Paraphrasing:(3pointseach)
51.According to new research, getting angry adds to the chancesof getting physically hurt, particularly for male.
52.even people generally believe that people easily get angrywhen driving on the road, but anger didn’t have much/anything to do with injuriesfrom traffic accidents,/ but not many injuries from traffic accidents are the resultsof anger on the road.
53.It is not at all surprising that anger is a very importantreason for people who intentionally hurt themselves.
54.We see this strong link between anger and injury more inmen than in women, but different races of people did not show much variation.
55. People do not know yet why anger is associated with injury.
Cloze:(1pointeach)
56.Fewer57.To 58.Saved 59.More 60.As 61.Played 62.After
63.Purposes 64.Ready 65.Security
Proofreading:(1pointeach)
66.Highly-high 67.Pore-poreover 68.Anything-something 69.Better-good
70.Response-respond 71.Forentire-foranentire 72.Exasperating-exasperatedbS
73.With-without 74.Strategy-thestrategy 75.And-but
Writing:(15points)
