(一)A is n times as small (light,slow,…)as B.(12). {TUCa
A is n times smaller (lighter, slower,…) than B.(13). ^<sX^V+{
以上两句均应译为:A的大小(重量,速度,……)是B的1/n[或A比B小(轻,慢,……)(n-1)/n]. mX,#|qLf
Eg. The hydrogen atom is near1y l6 times as light as the oxygen atom. }L:
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氢原子的重量约为氧原子的1/16(即比氧原子约轻15/16)。 ,3N8
Eg. This sort of membrane is twice thinner than ordinary paper. yf_<o
这种薄膜比普通纸张要薄一半(即是普通纸厚度的1/2)。 XwlUkw"q
注:当相比的对象B很明显时,than/as B常被省去。 EA?:GtH
(二)decrease n times/n——fold (14).
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decrease by n times(15). `1pri0!
decrease by a factor of n(16). 1~Pht:,t
以上三式均译为:减少到1/n[或:减少(n-1)/n]. ~V5k
decrease常被reduce, shorten, go/slow down等词替代。 R Af+%h*
Eg. Switching time of the new-type transistor is shortened 3 times. AS4m227
新型晶体管的开关时间缩短了1/3(即缩短到2/3)。 {SK8Mdn
Eg. When the voltage is stepped up by ten times, the strength of the currentis stepped down by ten times. 7 yF#G 9,
电压升高9倍,电流强度便降低9/10(即90%)。 tDIzn`$z
Eg. The equipment reduced the error probability by a factor of 5. sM~C
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该设备误差概率降低了4/5. XXe7w3x{
(三)There is a n-fold decrease/reduction… . @JN%P}4)
应译为:减至1/n [或:减少(n一1)/n].(17). EXb{/4
这个句型还有其它一些形式, mc9$"
Eg. A rapid decrease by a factor of 7 was observed. wiwJD}3h'
发现迅速减少到1/7. <<n8 P5pXt
Eg. The principal advantage of the products is a two-fold reduction inweight. EcwHO
这些产品的主要优点是重量减轻了1/2. a.w,@!7
从上列倍数增减句型及其译法中不难看出:与汉语不 同的是,英语在表述或比较倍数时,无论使用什么句 型(除了不含倍数词的again句型外)都包括基础倍. 1
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数在内,因此都不是净增或净减n倍,而是净增或 净减n-1倍。所以句型⑤、③表示的倍数增量=句型④; 句型(13)表示的倍数比差=句型12,且decrease(by). =PO/Q|-v?
3 times应译为"减少2/3",而不是"减少3/4". yfP&Q<|