中科院考博士英语试题

PART Џ STRUCTURE&VOCABULARY ( 25minutes,15points)

sectionA( 0.5 point eath)

direction: choose the word or expression below each sentence that best completes the statement, and mark the corresponding letter of your choice with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring answer sheet.

16.Knowing that the cruel criminal has done a lot of unlawful things, I feel sure that I have no __________ but to report him to the local police.

A. time B. chance C. authority D. alternative

17.Behind his large smiles and large cigars, his eyes often seemed to __________regret.

A. teem B. brim with C. come with D. look with

18.There is only one difference between an old man and a young one: the young one has a glorious future before him and the old one has a _______future behind him.

A. splendid B. conspicuous C. uproarious D. imminent

19. That tragedy distressed me so much that I used to keep indoors and go out only _________necessity.

A. within reach of B. for fear of C. by means of D. in case of

20. A young man sees a sunset and unable to understand of express the emotion that it _________in him, concludes that it must be the gateway to a world that lies beyond.

A. reflects B. retains C. rouses D. radiates

21.______________the heat to a simmer and continue to cook for another 8-10minutes or until most of the water has evaporated.

A. Turn off B. Turn over C. Turn down D. Turn up

22.Banks shall be unable to ___________,or claim relief against the first 15%of any loan or bankrupted debt left with them .

A. write off B. put aside C. shrink from D. come over

23.I am to inform you ,that you may ,if you wish , attend the inquiry ,and at the inspectors discretion state your case _________or through an entrusted representative.

A. in person B. in depth C. in secret D. in excess

24.In his view, though Hong Kong has no direct cultural identity, local art is thriving by “being ___________,”being open to all kinds of art.

A. gratifying B. predominating C. excelling D. accommodating

25.In some countries preschool education in nursery schools or kindergartens _________the 1stgrade.

A. leads B. precedes C. forwards D. advances

26.Desert plants ________ two categories according to the way they deal with the problem of surviving drought.

A. break down B. fall into C. differ in D. refer to

27.In the airport, I could hear nothing except the roar of aircraft engines which _________ all other sounds.

A. dwarfed B. diminished C. drowned D. relative

28.Criticism without suggesting areas of improvement is not _________ and should be avoided if possible.

A. constructive B. productive C. descriptive D. relative

29. The Committee pronounced four members expelled for failure to provide information in the ____________ of investigations.

A. case B. chase C. cause D. course

30. Since neither side was ready to __________ what was necessary for peace, hostility were resumed in 1980.

A. precede B. recede C. concede D. intercede

31.Such an _________act of hostility can only lead to war.

A. overt B. episodic C. ample D. ultimate

32._________ both in working life and everyday living to different sets of values, and expectations places a severe strain on the individual.

A. Recreation B. Transaction C. Disclosure D. Exposure

33. It would then be replaced by interim government, which would _________be replaced by a permanent government after four months.

A. in step B. in turn B. in practice D. in haste

34. Haven’t I told you I don’t want you keeping ____________ with those awful riding-about bicycle boys?

A. company B. acquaintance C. friends D. place

35.Consumers deprived of the information and advice they needed were quite simply _________ every cheat in the marketplace.

A. at the mercy of B. in lieu of C. by courtesy of D. for the price of

Section B (0.5 point each)

Directions : in each of the following sentences there are four parts underlined and marked A, B, C, and D. Indicate which of the four parts is incorrectly used. Mark the corresponding letter of your choice by drawing a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.

36. The auctioneer must know fair accurately the current market values of the goods he is

A B C D

selling.

37.Children are among the most frequent victims of violent, drug-related crimes that have nothing

A B C

doing with the cost of acquiring the drugs.

D

38. A large collection of contemporary photographs, including some taken by Mary are on display

A B C

at the museum.

D

39.There is much in our life which we do not control and we are not even responsible for.

A B C D

40. Capital inflows will also tend to increase the international value of the dollar, make it more

A B C

difficult to sell U.S. exports.

D

41. It can be argued that the problems, even something as fundamental as the ever-increased world

A B C

population, have been caused by technological adcance.

D

42. It takes the most cool-headed and good-tempered of drivers to resist the temptation to revenge

A B C

as subfected to uncivilized behavior.

D

43. While experts in basic science are important, skilled talents should be the overriding majority

A B C

since they are at heavy demand in the market.

D

44.Retailers offered deep discounts and extra hours this weekend in the bid to lure shoppers.

A B C D

45.The amendments of the laws on patent, trademark and copyright have enhanced protection of

A B

intellectual property rights and made them conform to WTO rules.

C D

PART3 CLOZE TEST (15minutes, 15 points)

Directions: There are 15 questions in this part of the test. Read the passage through. Then, go back and choose one suitable word or phrase marked A, B, C, or D for each blank in the passage. Mark the corresponding letter of the word or phrase you have chosen with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.

At least since the Industrial Revolution, gender roles have been in a state of transition. As a result, cultural scripts about marriage have undergone change, One of the more obvious ___46____ has occurred in the roles that women 47 . Women have moved into the world of work and have become adept at meeting expectations in that arena, 48 maintaining their family roles of nurturing and creating a(n) 49 that is a haven for all family members. 50 many women experience strain from trying to “do it all, ” they often endoy the increased 51 that can result from playing multiple roles. As women’s roles have changed, changing expectations about men’s roles have become more 52 . Many men are relinquishing their major responsibility 53 the family provider. Probably the most significant change in men’s roles, however, is in the emotional 54 of family life. Men are increasingly 55 to meet the emotional needs of their families, 56 their wives.

In fact, expectations about he emotional domain of marriage have become more significant for marriage in general. Research on 57 marriage has changed over recent decades points to the increasing importance of the emotional side of the relationship, and the importance of sharing in the “ emotion work” 58 to nourish marriages and other family relationships. Men and women want to experience marriages that are interdependent, 59 both partners nurture each other, attend and respond to each other, and encourage and promote each other. We are thus seeing marriages in which men’s and women’s roles are becoming increasingly more 60 .

46. A. incidents B. changes C. results D. effects

47. A. take B. do C. play D. show

48. A. by B. while C. hence D. thus

49. A. home B. garden C. arena D. paradise

50. A. When B. Even though C. Since D. Nevertheless

51. A. rewards B. profits C. privileges D. incomes

52. A. general B. acceptable C. popular D. apparent

53. A. as B. of C. from D. for

54. A. section B. constituent C. domain D. point

55. A. encouraged B. expected C. advised D. predicted

56. A. not to mention B. as well as C. including D. especially

57. A. how B. what C. why D. if

58. A. but B. only C. enough D. necessary

59. A. unless B. although C. where D. because

60. A. pleasant B. important C. similar D. manageable

PART 4 READING COMPREHENSION (60minutes, 30 points)

Directions: Below each of the following passages you will find some questions or incomplete statements. Each question or statement is followed by four choices marked A, B, C and D. Read each passage carefully, and then select the choice that best answers the question or completes the statement. Mark the letter of your choice with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.

Passage1

The man who invented Coca-cola was not a native Atlantan, but on the day of his funeral every drugstore in town testimonially shut up shop. He was John Styth Pemberton, born in 1833 in Knoxville, Georgia, eighty miles away. Sometimes known as Doctor, Pemberton was a pharmacist who, during the Civil War, led a cavalry troop under General Joe Wheelrer. He settled in Atlanta in 1869, and soon began brewing such patent medicines as Triplex Liver Pills and Globe of Flower Cough Syrup. In 1885, he registered a trademark for something called French Wine Coca-Ideal Nerve and Tonic Stimulant, a few months later he formed the Pemberton Chemical Company, and recruited the services of a bookkeeper named Frank M. Robinson, who not only had a good head for figures but, attached to it, so exceptional a nose that he could audit the composition of a batch of syrup merely by sniffling it. In 1886-a year in which, as contemporary Coca-Coca officials like to point our, Conan Doyle unveiled Sherlock Holmes and France unveiled the Statue of Liberty-Pemberton unveiled a syrup that he called Coca-Coca. It was a modification of his French Wine Coca. He had taken our the wine and added a pinch of caffeine, and, when the end product tasted awful, had thrown in some extract of cola nut and a few other oils, blending the mixture in a three-legged iron pot in his back yard and swishing it around with an oar. He distributed it to soda fountains in used beer bottles, and Robinson, with his glowing bookkeeper’s script, presently devised a label, on which “Coca-Cola” was written in the fashion that is still employed. Pemberton looked upon his mixture less as a refreshment than as a headache cure, especially for people whose headache could be traced to over-indulgence.

On a morning late in 1886,one such victim of the night before dragged himself into an Atlanta drugstore and asked for a doolop of Cola-Cola. Druggists customarily stirred a teaspoonful of syrup into a glass of water, but in this instance the man on duty was too lazy to walk to the fresh-water tap, a couple of feet off. Instead, he mixed the syrup with some soda water, which was closer at hand. The suffering customer perked up almost at once, and word quickly spread that the best Coca-Cola was a fizzy one.

64. What dose the passage tell us about John Styth Pemberton?

A. He was highly respected by Atlantans

B. He ran a drug store that also sells wine.

C. He had been a doctor until the Civil War.

D. He made a lot of money with his pharmacy.

62. Which of the following was unique to Frank M. Robinson, working with the Pemberton’s Company?

A. Skills to make French wine

B. Talent for drawing pictures

C. An acute sense of smell.

D. Ability to work with numbers.

63.Why was the year 1886 so special to Pemberton?

A. He took to doing a job like Sherlock Holmes’s

B. He brought a quite profitable product into being.

C. He observed the founding ceremony of Statue of Liberty.

D. He was awarded by Coca-Cola for his contribution

64.One modification made of French Wine Coca formula was__________

A. used beer bottles were chosen as containers

B. the amount of caffeine in it was increased

C. it was blended with oils instead of water

D. Cola nut extract was added to taste

65. According to the passage, Coca-Cola was in the first place prepared especially for ________

A. the young as a soft drink

B. a replacement of French Wine Coca

C. the relief of a hangover

D. a cure for the common headache

66. The last paragraph mainly tells___________

A. the complaint against the lazy shop-assistant

B. a real test of Coca-cola as a headache cure

C. the mediocre service of the drugstore

D. a happy accident that gave birth to Coca-Cola

Passage 2

Between 1833 and 1837, the publishers of a “penny press” proved that a low-priced paper, edited to interest ordinary people, could win what amounted to a mass circulation for the times and thereby attract an advertising volume that would make it independent. These were papers for the common citizen and were not tied to the interests of the business community, like the mercantile press, or dependent for financial support upon political party allegiance. It did not necessarily follow that all the penny papers would be superior in their handing of the news and opinion functions. But the door was open for some to make important journalistic advances.

The first offerings of a penny paper tended to be highly sensational; human interest stories overshadowed important news, and crime and sex stories were written in full detail. But as the penny paper attracted readers from various social and economic brackets, its sensationalism was modified. The ordinary reader came to want a better product, too. A popularized style of writing and presentation of news remained, but the penny paper became a respectable publication that offered significant information and editorial leadership. Once the first of the successful penny papers had shown the way, later ventures could enter the competition at the higher level of journalistic responsibility the pioneering papers had reached.

This was the pattern of American newspapers in the years following the founding of the New York Sun in 1833. The sun, published by Benjamin Day, entered the lists against 11 other dailies. It was tiny in comparison; but it was bright and readable, and it preferred human interest features to important but dull political speech reports. It had a police reporter writing squibs of crime news in the style already proved successful by some other papers. And, most important, it sold for a penny, whereas its competitors sold for six cents. By 1837 the sun was printing 30,000 copies a day, which was more than the total of all 11 New York daily newspapers combined when the sun first appeared. In those same four years James Gordon Bennett brought out his New York Herald (1835), and a trio of New York printers who were imitating Day’s success founded the Philadelphia Public ledger (1836) and the Baltimore sun (1837).The four penny sheets all became famed newspapers.

67. What does the first paragraph say about the “penny press?”
A. It was known for its in-depth news reporting

B. It had an involvement with some political parties.

C. It depended on the business community for survival.

D. It aimed at pleasing the general public.

68. In its early days, a penny paper often ___________--

A. paid much attention to political issues

B. provided stories that hit the public taste

C. offered penetrating editorials on various issues

D. covered important news with inaccuracy

69. As the readership was growing more diverse, the penny paper____________

A. improved its content

B. changed its writing style

C. developed a more sensational style

D. became a tool for political parries

70. The underlined word “ventures” in Paragraph 2 can best be replaced by ___________

A. editors

B. reporters

C. newspapers

D. companies

71. What is true about the Philadelphia Public Ledger and the Baltimore sun.?

A. They turned out to be failures.

B. They were later purchased by James Gordon Bennett.

C. They were also founded by Benjamin Day.

D. They became well-known newspapers in the U.S.

72. This passage is probably taken from a book on ___________

A. the work ethics of the American media

B. the techniques in news reporting

C. the history of sensationalism in American media

D. the impact of mass media on American society

Passage 3

Forget what Virginia Woolf said about what a writer needs—a room of one’s own. The writer she had in mind wasn’t at work on a novel in cyberspace, one with multiple hypertexts, animated graphics and downloads of trancey, chiming music. For that you also need graphic interfaces, RealPlayer and maybe even a computer laboratory at Brown University. That was where Mark Amerika—his legally adopted name; don’t ask him about his birth name—composed much of his novel Grammatron. But Grammatron isn’t just a story. It’s an online narrative (Grammatron.com) that uses the capabilities of cyberspace to tie the conventional story line into complicate knots. In the four year it took to produce—it was completed in 1997—each new advance in computer software became anther potential story device. “I became sort of dependent on the industry,” jokes Amerika, who is also the author of two novels printed on paper. “That’s unusual for a writer, because if you just write on paper the ‘technology’ is pretty stable.”

Nothing about Grammatron is stable. At its center, if there is one, is Abe Golam, the inventor of Nanoscript, a quasi—mystical computer code that some unmystical corporations are itching to acquire. For much of the story, Abe wanders through Prague-23, a virtual “city” in cyberspace whare visitors indulge in fantasy encounters and virtual sex, which can get fairly graphic, The reader wanders too, because most of Grammatron’s 1,000-puls text screens contain several passages in hypertext. To reach the next screen, just double-click. But each of those hypertexts is a trapdoor that can plunge you down a different pathway of the story. Choose one and you drop into a corporate-strategy memo. Choose another and there’s a XXX-rated sexual rant. The story you read is in some sense the story you make.

Amerika teaches digital art at the University of Colorado, where his students develop works that straddle the lines between art, film and literature. “I tell them not to get caught up in mere plot,” he says. Some avant-garde writers—Julio Cortazar, Italo Calvino—have also experimented with novels that wander out of their author’s control. “But what makes the Net so exciting, “says Amerika, “is that you can add sound, randomly generated links, 3-D modeling, animaion.” That room of one’s own is turning into a fun house.

73. The passage is mainly to tell __________________.

A. differences between conventional and modern novels

B. how Mark Amerika composed his novel Grammatron

C. common features of all modern electronic novels

D. why Mark Amerika took on a new way of writing

74. Why does the author ask the reader to forget what Virginia Woolf said about the necessities of a writer?

A. Modern writers can share rooms to do the writing.

B. It is not necessarily that a writer writes inside a room.

C. Modern writers will get nowhere without a word processor

D.It is no longer sufficient for the writing in cyberspace.

75.As an on-line narrative, Grammatron is anything but stable because it ______________.

A. provides potentials for the story development

B. is one of the novels at

C. can be downloaded free of charge

D. boasts of the best among cyber stories

76.By saying that he became sort of dependent on the industry, Mark Amerika meant that _________.

A. he could not help but set his Grammatron and thers in Industrial Revolution

B. conventional writers had been increasingly challenged by high technology

C. much of his Grammatron had proved to be cybernetic dependent

D. he couldn’t care less about new advance in computer software

77. As the passage shows , Grammatron makes it possible for readers to _____________-

A. adapt the story for a video version

B. “walk in” the story and interact with it

C. develop the plots within the author’s control

D. steal the show and become the main character

78. Amerika told his students not to ____________

A.immerse themselves only in creating the plot

B. be captivated by the plot alone while reading

C. be lagged far behind in the plot development

D. let their plot get lost in the on-going story

Passage 4

In 1993, a mall security camera captured a shaky image of two 10-year-old boys leading a much smaller boy out of a Liberpool, England, shopping center. The boys lured James Bulger, 2, away from his mother, who was shopping , and led him on a long walk across town. The excursion ended at a railroas track. There, inexplicably, the older boys tortured the toddler, kicking him, smearing paint on his face and pummeling him to death with bricks before heaving him on the track to be dismembered by a train. The boys, Jon Venables and Robert Thompson, then went of to watch cartoons.

Today the boys are 18-year-ole men, and after spending eight years in juvenile facilities, they have been deemed fit for release--probably this spring. The dilemma now confronting the English justice system is how to reintegrate the notorious duo into a society that remains horrified by their crimes and skeptical about their rehabilitation. Last week Judge Elizabeth Butler-Sils decided the young men were in so much danger that they needed an unprecedented shield to protect them upon release. For ht e rest of their lives, Venable sands Thompson will have a right to anonymity. All English media outlets are banned from publishing any information about their whereabouts of the new identities the government will help them establish. Photos of the two or even details about their current looks are also prohibited.

In the U.S, which is harder on juvenile criminals than England, such a ruling seems inconceivable. “We’re clearly the most punitive in the industrialized world,” says Laurence Steinberg, a Temple University professor who studies juvenile justice. Over the past decade, the trend in the U.S. has been to allow publication of ever more information about underage offenders. U.S. courts also give more weight to press freedom than English courts ,ewhich, for example, ban all video cameras.

But even for Britain, the order is extraordinary. The victim’s family is enraged, as are the ever eager British tabloids. “What right have they got to be given special protection as adults?” asks Bulger’s mother Denise Fergus. Newspaper editorials have insisted that citizens have a right to know if Venables of Thompson move in next door. Says conserbative Member of Parliament Humfrey Malins;”It almost leaves you with the feeling that the nastier the crime, the greater the chance for a completely new life.”

79. What occurred as told at the beginning of the passage?

A. 2 ten-year-olds killed James by accident in play

B. James Bulger was killed by his two brothers.

C. Two mischievous boys forged a train accident.

D. A little kid was murdered by two older boys.

80.According to the passage, Jon Venables and Robert Thompson________________

A. hav been treated as juvenile delinquents

B. have been held in protective custody for their murder game

C. were caught while watching cartoons eight years ago

D. have already served out their 10 years in prison

81.The British justice system is afraid that the two young men would_______________

A. hardly get accustomed to a horrifying general public

B. be doomed to become social outcasts after release

C. still remain dangerous and destructive if set free

D. be inclined to commit a recurring crime

82. According to the British courts, after their return to society, the two adults will be __________

A. banned from any kind of press interview

B. kept under constant surveillance by police

C. shielded from being identified an killers

D. ordered to report to police their whereabouts

83. From the passage we can infer that a US counterpart of Venables or Thompson would________.

A. have no freedom to go wherever he wants

B. serve a life imprisonment for the crime

C. be forbidden to join many of his relatives

D. no doubt receive massive publicity in the U>S>

84. As regards the mentioned justice ruling, the last paragraph mainly tells that ________________

A. it is controversial as it goes without precedent

B. the British media are sure to do the contrary

C. Bulger’s family would enter all appeal against it

D. Conservatives obviously conflict with Liberals

Passage 5

Can the Internet help patients jump the line at the doctor’s office? The silicon Valley Employers Forum, a sophisticated group of technology companies, is launching a pilot program to test online “virtual visits “ between doctors at three big local medical groups and about 6,000 employees and their families. The six employers taking part in the Silicon Valley initiative, including heavy hitters such as Oracle and Cisco Systems, hope that online visits will mean employees won’t have to skip work to tend to minor ailments of to follow up on chronic conditions. “With our long commutes and traffic, driving 40 miles to your doctor in your hometown can be a big chunk of time, “ says Cindy Conway, benefits director at Cadence Design Systems, one of the participating companies.

Doctors aren’t clamoring to chat with patients online for free; they spend enough unpaid time ton the phone. Only 1 in 5 has ever E-mailed a patient, and just 9 percent are interested in doing so, according to the research firm Cyber Dialogue.”We are not stupid,” says Stirling Somers, executive of the Silicon Valley employers group. “Doctors getting jpaid is a critical piece in getting this to work.” In the pilot program, physicians will get $20 per online consultation, about what they get for a simple office visit.

Doctors also fear they’ll be swamped by rambling E-mails that tell everything but what’s needed to make a diagnosis. So the new program will use technology supplied by Healinx, an Alameda, Calif.-based start-up. Healinx’s “Smart Symptom Wizard” questions patients and turns answers into a succinct message. The company has online dialogues for 60 common conditions. The doctor can then diagnose the problem and outline a treatment plan, which could include E-mailing a prescription or a face-to-face visit.

Can E-mail replace the doctor’s office? Many conditions, such as persistent cough, require a stethoscope to discover what’s wrong—and to avoid a malpractice suit. Even Larry Bonham, head of one of the doctor’s groups in the pilot, believes the virtual doctor’s visits offer a “very narrow” sliver of service between hone calls to an advice nurse an a visit to the clinic.

The pilot program, set to end in nine months, also hopes to determine whether online visits will boost worker productivity enough to offset the cost of the service. So far, the Internet’s record in the health field has been underwhelming. The experiment is “a huge roll of the dice for Healinx,” notes Michael Barrett, an analyst at Internet consulting firm Forester Research. If the “Web visits” succeed, expect some HMOs(Health Maintenance Organizations) to pay for online visits. If doctors, employers, and patients aren’t satisfied, figure on one more E-health start-up to stand down.

85. the Silicon Valley employers promote the E-health program for the purpose of ___________

A. rewarding their employees

B. gratifying the local hospitals

C. boosting worker productivity

D. testing a sophisticated technology

86. What can be learned about the on-line doctors’ visits?

A. They are a quite promising business.

B. They are funded by the local government.

C. They are welcomed by all the patients

D. They are very much under experimentation.

87.Of he following people, who are not involved in the program?

A. Cisco System employees

B. advice nurses in the clinic

C. doctors at three local hospitals

D. Oracle executives

88. According to Paragraph 2, doctors are___________

A. reluctant to serve online for nothing

B. not interested in Web consultation

C. too tired to talk to the patients online

D. content with $20 paid per Web visit

89. “Smart Symptom Wizard” is capable of ___________

A. making diagnoses

B. producing prescriptions

C. profiling patients’ illness

D. offering a treatment plan

90.It can be inferred from the passage that the future of online visits will mostly depend on whether___________

A. the employers would remain confident in them

B. they could effectively replace office visits

C. HMOs would cover the cost of the service

D. new technologies would be available to improve the E-health project

PAPER TWO

PARTV TRANSLATION (25minutes, 10 points)

Directions：Put the following passage into English. .Write your English version in the proper space on your Answer SheetⅡ

伟大艺术的美学鉴赏和伟大科学观念的理解都需要智慧。但是，随后的感受升华和情感又是分不开的。没有情感的因素，我们的智慧很难开创新的道路；免费考博论坛 -> 英语真题没有智慧，情感也无法达到完美的成果。艺术和科学事实上是一个硬币的两面。它们源于人类活动的最高尚的部分，都追求着深刻性、普遍性、永恒性和富有意义、

PART VI WAITING(35minutes,15 points)

Directions： Write an essay of at least 150 words on the topic given below. Use the proper space on your Answer SheetⅡ

TOPIC

With her entry into the WTO, China is being plunged into an international competition for talents, and in particular, for higher-level talents. To face this new challenge, China must do something, among other things, to reform her graduate (postgraduate) education system. State your opinion about this reform, and give the solid supporting details to your viewpoint.

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