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介词短语在句中分析与翻译的实例

1．You can already buy small video telephones，with builtin-screen and cameras，that transmit still images over regular telephone lines to anyone else with avideo telephone．

现在已能买到小型的电视电话机，机上装有屏幕和摄像机，可以通过平常的电话线把静止的图像传送给任何一个有电视电话的人。(with．．．canleras用作独立定语，修饰telephones。)

2．The scientific worker attempts to formulate these problems in accurate terms and to solve them in the light of all the relevant facts that can be collected by observation and experiment．

科学工作者力图精确地描述这些问题，然后根据通过观察和实验收集到的有关事实来解决这些问题。(介词短语in accurate terms作方式方法状语，说明to formulate。in the light．．．experiment作方式方法状语，说明tosolve。)

3．The atom is analogous to a miniature solar system，with a nucleus as the“sun''’and electrons as the“planets''’revolving in orbits around the nucleus．

原子类似于一个小型太阳系，原子核可看作“太阳”，电子可看作是沿轨道绕着核旋转的‘行星”。 (analogous to， “与……相似”。with a nucleus as．．，and(with) electrons as．．．是 with引出的复合结构，用来对solar system作补充说明。)

4．The unit of heat on the c．g．s．system is the calorie，which is established as the amount of heat required to raise one gramme of water by one degree centigrade．

热的厘米·克·秒制单位是卡，将1克水升高摄氏1度所需的热量定为1卡。(c．g．s．system=centimeter-gramsecond system，“厘米·克·秒制”。介词短语on．．．system作定语，修饰unit。

by所引导的介词短语是raise要求的，这里by表示数量增减的绝对值。例如：increase by 10％，“增加10％”；decrease by two orders of magnitude，“减小两个数量级”。)

5．Sometimes the individual crystals，with plane faces and sharp edges and corners，are visible to the naked eye,and sometimes they can be seen only under a microscope．

单晶有时用肉眼就能看得到，有时只有在显微镜下才能看得见，这种单晶有着平的晶面和锐利的棱角。(with plane faces．．．corners是介词短语用作独立定语，修饰crystals。)

6．Modern Japan and other Oriental countries are emerging with the irresistible urge for better standards of living and anovel， powerful role in the world’s economy．

在不可阻挡地迫切要求提高生活水平和在世界经济中发挥新的、强有力的作用的驱使下，现代的日本和其他东方国家正在崛起。(with．．．economy有条件状语的意味，用来修饰emerging。)

7．Liquids，however，are highly incompressible；that is，very large pressures，of the order of thousands of tons per square inch，are required to diminish their volumes appreciably．

但是，液体是非常不易压缩的；要明显地压缩液体的体积，就需要巨大的压力，其数量级达每平方英寸几千吨。(介词短语of the order．．．inch是独立定语，修饰pressures。)

8．One suggestion has been the use of mixtures of two different types of insecticide，with the idea that one of them should eliminate the individuals resistant to the other．

有一种设想是使用两种不同类型的混合杀虫剂，其想法是如果害虫对其中之一有抗药性，那么另一种就能杀死它。(介词短语with the idea一．the other作two types of insecticide的定语，对它作补充说明。that引导的从句作idea的同位语。resistand to the other是形容词短语作individuals定语。)

9．The side of Mercury which is turned away from the sun remains in eternal darkness，with a temperature only a few degrees above absolute zero．

水星背向太阳的那一面，却永远处于黑暗之中，那里的温度仅比绝对零度高几度。(with a temperature above对the side of Mercury补充说明。)

10．No distinction can be drawn between pure and applied science in terms of differences in the training or competence of workers， or in organization， or in method，or even in the immediate outcome of the work．

不能根据工作人员的训练程度和资格、组织机构、研究方法甚至研究工作的直接成果等方面的差别来划分理论科学与应用科学的界线。(between．一science作定语，修饰distinction。in terms of．．．作状语，说明can be drawn。)

11．An object with at least one easily measurable property which changes apprecially while the obiect is coming to thermal equilibrium may be used as a temperature-measuring device，or thermometer．

当一种物质进入热平衡时，至少具有一种变化显著因而易于测量的特性，这种物质可用来作为测温装置，即温度计。(with一．equilibrium用作定语，修饰An object。)

12．If we could go on an imaginary journey from the surface to the centre of a star such as the Sun，we would find a steady increase in temperature and pressure．

如果我们能从像太阳这样的恒星的表面到其中心作一次想像的旅行，我们会发现温度和压力将持续不断地增加。(from．．．to．．．the Sun用作定语，修饰journey。)

13．The fact that a compass needle assulnes a northsouth direction leads to the conclusion that the earth must be a magnet， with the space all around it constituting a huge magnetic field．

指南针指向南北方向这一事实可导出这样的结论：地球必定是一个磁体，地球周围的所有空间构成了一个巨大的磁场。(句中两个that引导的都是同位语从句。with．．．field是分词复合结构，起补充说明作用。)

14．The second aspect is the application by all members of society，from the government officials to the ordinary citizen，of the special methods of thought and action that scientists use in their work。

第二方面涉及从政府官员到普通公民等所有社会成员运用科学家在工作中所用的思维和行动的特定方法。(from．。．to．．．作非限定性定语修饰members。by和of所引导的两个介词短语均修饰the application，of．．．短语被两个介词短语分隔开了。)

15．Chemistry has two main aspects：descriptive chemistry，the discovery and tabulation of chemical facts；and theoretical chemistry，the formulation of theories that，upon verification，unify these facts and combine them into a system。

化学有两个主要方面：叙述性化学，即化学事实的发现和制表；理论化学，即对化学理论的系统阐述，根据验证把化学事实统一起来，从而归纳成一个体系。(the discovery．．．facts是descriptive chemistry的同位语，the formulation．．．a system是theoretical chemistry的同位语，其中that引出定语从句，upon verification用作状语。)

16．Every body in the universe attracts every other body with a force directly proportional to the product of the masses of the two bodies and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them．

宇宙中每一物体都以一引力吸引另外的每一物体，该引力与两物体质量的乘积成正比，而与两物体之间的距离平方成反比。(with a force．．．是状语，说明attracts。directly proponional to．．，“与……成正比”；inversely proportional to．．，“与……成反比”。这两个形容词短语用来说明force。)

17．For an ltalian contemplating anything from paying his taxes to getting a peddler''s license or collecting an old age pension，the nation''s million-man bureaucracy is a nightmare。

对意大利人来说，无论打算做什么事，从纳税到申请零售商执照或领取老年人的退休金，全国上百万个官僚主义者真令人不寒而栗。(For．．。pension介词短语是nightmare“恶梦”要求的。例：It was a nightmare for me。from...to...pension作定语修饰anything。)

18．Scientists in the U．S. , Western Europe and Japan are pushing hard toward astill much-in-the-future optical computer that uses photons rather than electrons for number-crunching efficiency．

美国、西欧和日本的科学家们正在全力以赴地研制那种更富光明前景的光子计算机，该机将利用光子而不是电子来提高数据处理的效率。(use．．．for．．，用……来……)

19．With the invention of the electromagnetic generator in the latter part of the nineteenth century，it became possible to convent the energy of burning fuel to electricity which could then be transmitted to distant points for Use．

19世纪末叶，由于发明了电磁发电机，从而有可能把燃烧燃料而获得的能量转变为电能，然后再输送到遥远的地区使用。(convent．．．to．．·，把……转变为……。)

20．If a piece of rock，of anything else，one inch in diameter were magnified to the size of the earth，its constituent atoms would become about the size of tennis balls．

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21．Inability to build high-voltage generators and motors gives to the transformer immediate recognition as a highly flexible link between the generation and distribution of electrical energy．

制造高压发电机和高压电动机是不可能的，这就立即使人们认识到变压器是发电与配电之间灵活性很高的中间环节。 (本句是简单句。主语是inability，谓语是gives，宾语是recognition。不定式短语to build。．．motors作定语，修饰inability。give recognition to．．．as．．·，“承认……是……”。介词短语between—．energy作定语，修饰link。)

22．The mildness of its climate，with slight temperature variations and infrequent rainfall，combined with a high average level of sunshine and brilliant shies，a11 make it idea for tourism whether by winter or by summer．

宜人的气候、变化不大的温度、稀少的雨量、灿烂的阳光以及明媚的天空，所有这一切使突尼斯成为冬夏理想的旅游胜地。(with．．．和combined with把三个主语连接起来。all是总括词，总括上述的三个主语。idea是it宾语补足语。it代替上文中Tunisia突尼斯。bywinter．．．这里by作“当……时候”解。例：They don't work by day but by night．他们日间不工作，夜间工作。whether．．or，“不论是……还是”，用作连词，连接两个并列成分。)

23．We explain the differences between gases and liquids bysaying that the molecules in a liquid are not moving about so fredy as the molecules in a gas and are very much closer together．

液体分子不像气体分子那样能自由地到处运动，而是比较紧密地聚集在一起，我们以此来解释气体和液体之间的区别。(介词短语by saying．．．作方式方法状语，说明谓语explain。)

24．For about the last 200 years，the structural theory has been devdoped by scientists，mathematicians and engineers，with the very practical object of providing a reliable basis for the design of structures by calculation．

大约近200年来，科学家、数学家和工程师们发展了结构理论，其目的在于通过计算给结构物的设计工作提供可*的基础。 (with．．．obiect．．．for．．．是介词复合结构，起目的状语作用。)

25．By the quiet persistence of the truth-seekers， working upstream against the flow of ancient prejudice，mankind has entered into new realm of health，and the borderlines of death have been pressed farther back．

由于真理探索者顶着守旧派偏见的逆流，默默无闻、坚持不懈地努力工作，人类才得以进入了新的健康王国，而死亡的界线则被抛到离我们更远的地方。(介词短语By．．．truth-seekers用作原因状语，说明谓语动词hasentered。)

26．When a man picks up a weight from the floor and raises it above his head， he has in effect inserted his body between the weight and the earth and pushed the weight one way with his hands，and thee arth the other way with his feet．

当一个人从地板上拿起重物并把它举到头顶上时，实际上他是把自己的身体置于重物与地面之间，他用双手朝着一个方向推着重物，而用双脚朝着另一方向推着地面。(pick up，“拿起”。in effect，“实际上”。one way，“朝着一个方向”。the other way，"朝着另一方向”。这两个短语前均省略介词in，作状语。and与the earth之间省略了谓语pushed。)

27．But this is not possible because of the size of the country，with the distance from Dehli to Madras，for example，being greater than that from London to Rome．

但这是不可能的，因为印度面积大，譬如，从德里到马德拉斯的距离，就比伦敦到罗马还要远。(with，名词+分词的结构，可用作状语和定语。句中with the distance．．。being用作定语，对size进行补充说明。that from．．．that代替distance。)

28．Even at this moment many Of the earth's natural treasures are being destroyed，manyvaluable animals and plants are been killed off，it is becoming increasingly difficult to grow enough foods to preserve much of the earth's population from stavation．

甚至现在，地球上的许多自然财富正遭到破坏，许多珍稀动植物已面临灭绝之灾，为使地球上大多数人口免于饥饿而生产出足够的粮食也越来越困难了。(to preserve．．．from，“使……免于”。)

29．If the Earth，Moon and Sun move into a direct line，with the Moon in the middle，the dark body of the Moon blots out the briliant disk of the Sun，and we witness a solar eslipse．

假如地球、月球和太阳运行到一条直线上，月球在中间，那么月球的暗体就遮住了太阳的亮盘，于是我们便看到日食。(with the Moon in the middle是with引出的介词复合结构，在句中起补充说明作用。)

30．As natural science treats of the mutual transformation，changes and development of various kinds of matter，it is of great tmportance for us to make a profound study of it so that we may control the phenomena of nature．

自于自然科学研究的是各种物质的相互转化、变化和发展，因而我们深入研究自然科学以便控制各种自然现象，这具有重大意义。(treat of．．，"论述”。带逻辑主体for us的不定式短浯to make．．．nature作主语，it是形式主语。so that引导目的状语从句。be of．．，“具有”。)

31．With irrigation came surplus food，which meant that large numbers of people were freed trom the land to pursue nonagrarian specialities—technological development，scholarship for its sake——and war。

随着有了灌溉，粮食就有了剩余，这就意味着大批人就可解脱出来从事农业以外的工作一发展工艺，研究其学问——甚至参加战争。 (with．．．“随着”，引导的短语作状语。

With the approach of sunset it became chilly，come surplus food是倒装语序，food是主语，came是谓语。which引导特种定语从句，指上句话。不定式to pursue．．。war有结果状语的意味。)

32．First of all， Kepler found that each planet goes around the sun in a curve called an ellipse，with the sun at a focus of the ellipse· -

开普勒首先发现了每个行星都以椭圆曲线绕太阳运行，太阳则位于椭圆的焦点。(with the sun at，．．为介词复合结构作状语，补充说明。)

33．It should be noted that a rocket does not depend on the atmosphere for its propulsion，but would actually perform better in the absence of an atmosphere becauseOf lessened air resistance．

应该注意，火箭的推力与大气无关，在没有大气的情况下，由于空气阻力减小，火箭实际上会运行得更好。(in the absence of anatmosphere含有虚拟条件的意味。)

34．Electrical power is always carried over long distances as a high-tension current at low-currentstrength．It is also sent as an alternating current，for such current is comparatively easily transformed eitherup ordown in voltage．

电力总是以高电压低电流的方式进行远距离输送的，又是以交流电的形式送电的，因为这种交流电易于升压或降压。(两个as构成的介词短语都用作方式方法状语，分别说明iscarried和issent。)

35．When one considers the immense change in the size and reliability of computers and all other electronic devices that has taken place，it is clean that computers for doing this type of control of movement according to sense impression will certainly be available．

当我们考虑到计算机和其他所有电子器件在尺寸和可*性方面所发生的极大变化时，就不难明白，根据感觉进行这类活动控制的计算机一定会出现。(for．．．movement是computers的定语，介词短语according to sense impression作状语，说明动名词doing。)

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36。In l664 the great English diarist，John Evelyn，published，with the approval of the Royal Society of London，a book Sylva or a Discourse of Forest Trees in which one sees，perhaps for the first time，a realization that trees，then so important in the construction of ships，were indeed becoming sadly depleted and that something urgently needed to be done by way of deliberate planting to ensure enough for the future.
1664．年，英国伟大的日记作家J·Evelyn，经伦敦皇家学会批准出版了一部森林志，即《林木论》。在这本著作中，人们可以说是第一次了解到一个现实：当时，在造船业中如此重要的树木的确正在悲惨地遭到浩劫；必须采取紧急措施，通过认真植树以便确保未来有足够的树木。(with．．．London介词短语作条件状语修饰published，其宾语是a book。在which定语从句中，one泛指人们。a realization是谓语sees的宾语。so important in...ship是非限定性定语，用来修饰trees。句中两个that均引导同位语从句用来揭示realization的概念内涵。)

37．As a magnetic material becomes more and more magnetized，more and more of its magnetic domains line up，with their north poles a11 pointing inone direction and their south poles in the opposite direction．

随着材料的磁性变强，材料中越来越多的磁畴便会排列起来，其N极均指向一个方向，而S极则指向相反的方向。 (介词复合结构with．一用来对主句中的谓语lineup进行补充说明。)

38．Since the earth is slightly flattened at its poles，the distance of its surface at the north pole or south pole from its center is less than that at the equator．

由于地球的两极略为扁平，所以南北两极地表面离地心的距离比赤道地表面离地心的距离要近一些。(distancefrom．．，“离……的距离”。that代替distance。)

39．Solar energy seems to offer more hope than any other source of energy，particularly since those areas most in need of water lie rather close to the equator and have a relatively clear atmosphere．

太阳能似乎比任何其他能源更有希望，尤其是因为这些迫切需要水的地区离赤道很近，那里有较清洁的大气。(lie和have是两个谓语，主语是those areas。most in need of water为介词短语作定语修饰areas。)

40．For a very long time man has been seeking the possibility of combining various metals into alloys with a view to obtaining better materials for given purposes．

长期以来，人们一直在寻找把各种金属熔成合金的可能性，其目的在于为某些用途获得更好的材料。(with。viewto．．，“以……为目的”，“为……起见”，是短语介词，引出的介词短语起目的状语作用。)

41．It means reorganising them on democratic lines，with governing boards made up of workers and technicians from the trade unions concerned，loyal to the concept of nationalisation as a force for social changes and operating their industry according to anational plan arrived at democratically by the community as a whole．

这意味着：要以民主的方式，由有关工会的工人和技术员所组成的管理董事会来改组各项工业。这些工人和技术员作为社会改革的一支力量要忠实于国有化这一观念，同时他们必须按照由作为整体的社会用民主方法制定的全国性计划来管理各工业。(on．．．1ines，“按照……方针，办法”，作状语。with．．．concerned介词短语作状语，用来修饰动名词reorganising。Made up of．．．过去分词短语作定语修饰boards。loyal．．．changes为形容词短语修饰workers and technicians。as force for social changes是“工人和技术员”的同位语，operating．．．as a whole为现

在分词短语作定语，也是用来修饰workers and technidans。它是与形容词短语loyal。。．是并列关系。arrive at作出(决定)，得出(结论)等。句中arrived at．．．whole是过去分词短语作定语修饰plan。)

42．Thirty-five seconds into the flight，with the solid rockets pumping out maximum power，Challenger—like all its predecessors—was undergoing severe aerodynamic stress．

“挑战者”号在其固体燃料助推火箭发出最大推力的推动下，飞行了35秒后，同以前的航天飞机一样，正在承受着巨大的空气动力的压力。(with the solid．．．复合结构用作状语，有条件意味。)

43．A gas，such as steam (water vapor) in the cylinder of asteam engine，has neither deftnite shape nor definite volume-it changes its sshape and also its svolume with change in the shape and volume of the container．

气体，例如蒸汽机汽缸中的水蒸气，既无一定的形状，也无一定的体积。气体的形状和体积是随着容器的形状和体积的改变而变化的。(change．．．with，“随……而变化”。)

44．Their wide use in industry is due not only to these properties but to the fact that the common metals can be shaped into required objects by deformation and by casting into mold，and to the fact that their properties can be greatly altered by alloying with other metals．

金属在工业中之所以得到广泛的应用，不仅是由于它们具有上述这些性能，而且还由于普通的金属可以通过加工和铸造而形成所需要的制品，同时还由于金属的特性可通过与其他金属熔成合金而显著地改变。(due to，“由于”。to these properties，to the fact，and to the fact都是due所要求的。句中两个that均引出同位语从句。)

45．Newton generalized the idea by supposing that any two particles in the universe gravitate towards each other with a force varying inversely as the square of the distance between them and directly as the product of their masses．

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46． If an engineer applies aformula or a tabulation or a curve blindly， without knowing its history，its accuracy and the limits of its sapplicability，the results that he obtains will be neither intelligent nor practical．

如果一个工程师盲目地应用一个公式、一张图表或一条曲线，而对它的来历、精确度和应用范围却一无所知，那么他所得到的结果既不明智，也不实际。(without．．．applicability介词短语作谓语applies的条件状语。that引导定语从句，在句中作obtains的宾语。)

47．The neutron carries no electrical charge and in some respects acts as though it were composed of a proton and electron combined，with the positive charge of the proton neutralized by the negative charge of the electron．

中子不带电荷，并且有点像是由质子和电子结合而成的，质子的正电荷被电子的负电荷中和了。(in somerespects，“在某些方面”，“有点”。act as though，“表现得似乎”。as though引导方式方法状语从句，其谓语常用虚拟语气。句末with引出介词复合结构，对前句的谓语作补充说明。)

48．We know that the rate of cooling from above the critical range will greatly change the structure and therefore the properties of any steel．

我们知道，从临界温度以上冷却的速率会大大改变任何一种钢的结构，从而会改变其性能。(from above．．，“从……以上"，是双重介词。)

49．Increasing problems of all kinds with fossil fuel power plants are turning power and utility companiesmoreandmore tOtheuseOfnuclearpoweredelectricgeneratingplants．

矿物燃料发电厂所产生的问题日益增多，这就促使电力公司和公用事业公司越来越倾向于采用核动力发电厂。(problem．．．with，“在……方面产生的问题”，with有表示“范围”。)

50．Ever since，people have had difficulty in deciding whether the hovercraft should be ranged among ships,planes，or land vehicles—for it is something in between a boat and anaircraft．

从那以后，人们感到很难确定把这种气垫船归为哪一类：船、飞机还是车辆，因为它是一种介于船与飞机之间的交通工具。(in between，“介于两者之间”，作定语修饰something。)

51．The electric resistance of a wire is the ratio of the potential difference between it stwo ends to the current in thewire．

导线的电阻等于该导线两端之间的电位差与导线中电流的比值。(tothecurrent．．。是ratio要求的。the ratio of A to B，“A与B之比”。)

52．Pollution is caused either by man's release of completely new and often artificial substances into the environment，or by releasing greatly increased amounts of a natural substance，such as oil from oil tankers into the sea．

引起污染有两种途径：一是人们经常把全新的人造物质释放到环境中，或是把大量的天然物质譬如油轮溢出的石油释放到海里。(此句为简单句，主要是由两个by引出的短语把这个句变得复杂了。第一个into是名词~ease要求的。第二个into是动名词releasing要求的。From oil tankers作定语修饰oil。)

53．Hardening of grey cast iron may be carried out by heating the casting to above the critical range and then cooling it，usually in oil．

灰口铸铁的淬火过程是：先把铸铁加热到临界温度以上，然后加以冷却，通常在油里冷却。(heating．．．to above，“把……加热到……之上”。to above是双重介词。)

54．Motion in the most general sense，conceived as the mode of existance，the inherent attribute，of matter，comprehends a11 changes and processes occurring in the universe，from mere change of place right up to thinking．

从最普遍的意义上来看，可以认为运动是物质存在的形式，是物质的固有属性，运动包括宇宙中所发生的一切变化和过程，从单纯位置的变化直到思维。(主语是motion，谓语是comprehends，被一个介词短语inthemostgeneralsense和一个分词短语conceived as...隔开了。of matter既说明existance，也说明attribute。介词短语from．．．用来说明a11 changes and processes。)

55．The air is heated by the flame，expands，and thus becomes less dense． Denser air flows in from below and the result is that irregular layers of air of different densities are formed above the flame．

空气受火焰加热而膨胀，于是变得比较稀薄。较密的空气从底下流人，其结果是，火焰上方形成了密度不同的不规则的空气层。 (flow in， “流人”。from below， “自下”， “从下面”。 above the flame作地点状语。)

46． If an engineer applies aformula or a tabulation or a curve blindly， without knowing its history，its accuracy and the limits of its sapplicability，the results that he obtains will be neither intelligent nor practical．

如果一个工程师盲目地应用一个公式、一张图表或一条曲线，而对它的来历、精确度和应用范围却一无所知，那么他所得到的结果既不明智，也不实际。(without．．．applicability介词短语作谓语applies的条件状语。that引导定语从句，在句中作obtains的宾语。)

47．The neutron carries no electrical charge and in some respects acts as though it were composed of a proton and electron combined，with the positive charge of the proton neutralized by the negative charge of the electron．

中子不带电荷，并且有点像是由质子和电子结合而成的，质子的正电荷被电子的负电荷中和了。(in somerespects，“在某些方面”，“有点”。act as though，“表现得似乎”。as though引导方式方法状语从句，其谓语常用虚拟语气。句末with引出介词复合结构，对前句的谓语作补充说明。)

48．We know that the rate of cooling from above the critical range will greatly change the structure and therefore the properties of any steel．

我们知道，从临界温度以上冷却的速率会大大改变任何一种钢的结构，从而会改变其性能。(from above．．，“从……以上"，是双重介词。)

49．Increasing problems of all kinds with fossil fuel power plants are turning power and utility companiesmoreandmore tOtheuseOfnuclearpoweredelectricgeneratingplants．

矿物燃料发电厂所产生的问题日益增多，这就促使电力公司和公用事业公司越来越倾向于采用核动力发电厂。(problem．．．with，“在……方面产生的问题”，with有表示“范围”。)

50．Ever since，people have had difficulty in deciding whether the hovercraft should be ranged among ships,planes，or land vehicles—for it is something in between a boat and anaircraft．

从那以后，人们感到很难确定把这种气垫船归为哪一类：船、飞机还是车辆，因为它是一种介于船与飞机之间的交通工具。(in between，“介于两者之间”，作定语修饰something。)

51．The electric resistance of a wire is the ratio of the potential difference between it stwo ends to the current in thewire．

导线的电阻等于该导线两端之间的电位差与导线中电流的比值。(tothecurrent．．。是ratio要求的。the ratio of A to B，“A与B之比”。)

52．Pollution is caused either by man's release of completely new and often artificial substances into the environment，or by releasing greatly increased amounts of a natural substance，such as oil from oil tankers into the sea．

引起污染有两种途径：一是人们经常把全新的人造物质释放到环境中，或是把大量的天然物质譬如油轮溢出的石油释放到海里。(此句为简单句，主要是由两个by引出的短语把这个句变得复杂了。第一个into是名词~ease要求的。第二个into是动名词releasing要求的。From oil tankers作定语修饰oil。)

53．Hardening of grey cast iron may be carried out by heating the casting to above the critical range and then cooling it，usually in oil．

灰口铸铁的淬火过程是：先把铸铁加热到临界温度以上，然后加以冷却，通常在油里冷却。(heating．．．to above，“把……加热到……之上”。to above是双重介词。)

54．Motion in the most general sense，conceived as the mode of existance，the inherent attribute，of matter，comprehends a11 changes and processes occurring in the universe，from mere change of place right up to thinking．

从最普遍的意义上来看，可以认为运动是物质存在的形式，是物质的固有属性，运动包括宇宙中所发生的一切变化和过程，从单纯位置的变化直到思维。(主语是motion，谓语是comprehends，被一个介词短语inthemostgeneralsense和一个分词短语conceived as...隔开了。of matter既说明existance，也说明attribute。介词短语from．．．用来说明a11 changes and processes。)

55．The air is heated by the flame，expands，and thus becomes less dense． Denser air flows in from below and the result is that irregular layers of air of different densities are formed above the flame．

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56．Weather is a product of many pLysical factors operating in and on the troposphere with the principal ones being the unequal heating of the earth's surface by the sun and the rather rapid rota tion of the planet on its axis．

天气是许多自然因素在对流层中起作用并对其施加影响的结果，其中太阳对地球表面加热不均等和地球自转比较快则是主要的因素。(with引导的复合结构作定语，用来修饰factors，ones代替factors。)

57．It is the village which suffers most，for it is not easy to break the traditional bonds uniting agriculturist families to families of craftsmen，nor to dispel the idea that some one who follows the traditional calling of this caste is acting in a more“suitable" way than some one who takes up a different occupation．

乡村受害最大，因为从事农业家庭与从事手工业家庭的传统结合是很难分割的。此外，一些人认为一个人遵照等级制度的传统职业来办事要比从事不同的职业更为"合适”，这种想法也很难去掉。 (his．．．which为强调句型，强调主语the village．原句是简单句，The village suffers most．for是连词，“因为”。uniting．．．to，“把……与……连接”，是分词短语作定语修饰bonds。nor连词，连接两个并列成分，把to break．．．和to dispel．．．两个不定式短语连接起来。that．．．occupation为同位语从句，用来揭示idea的概念内涵。calling意为“职业”，与occupation相呼应。ina．．．way，“以……方式”。)

58．Forging and press-production methods of shaping metal are of tremendous importance in machine-building in general，and in automobile and tractor industry in particular．

金属成形的锻压加工方法，一般在机器制造业、特别是在汽车和拖拉机工业中具有重大意义.(be of...“具有”。in general，“通常”；in particular，“特别”，这两个短语介词在句中作插入语用。)

59．In fact, in the nineteeth century people used to make gardens in the shape of aclock face，with different flowers opening at different times．

在19世纪，人们常常把花园做成钟盘形，不同的花在不同的时间开放。 (with引导的复合结构有定语的意味，用来对the shape of a clock进行修饰。)

60．The modern scientific method Was born with Galileo in the 17th century；however，the development of the natural sciences began to gain speed only in the latter part of the 18th and the early part of the 19th centuries．

现代科学方法产生于17世纪的伽利略时代；然而，只是在18世纪后期和19世纪初期，自然科学才开始迅速发展。(with Galileo．．．century有表示时间与空间范围之意，这里是表示时间即伽利略时代。)

61．All of the atoms of an element contain the same number of protons in their muclei， and the atoms of one element differ from those of all other elements in the number of protons so contained．

同一种元素的所有原子的原子核中含有的质子数都是相同的，而一种元素的原子与其他一切元素的原子的不同点，就在于它们含有的质子数不同。(AdiffersfromBinC．A与B在C方面是不同的。句中in the number．．．是differ要求的。)

62．The kinds of evidence for the roundness of the world that led finally to its general accep tance included such data as the shape of the shadow of the earth on the moon during an eclipse of the moon，the fact that as one sails from port on a ship the building of the port gradually seem to sink below the surface of the water，and，most convincing，the fact that it is possible to sail all around the world and return to the starting point of the voyage．

最终为人们普遍接受的有关地球是圆形的种种论据，包括：月蚀时地球投在月球表面的阴影形状；当人们乘船离开港口时，港口的建筑物似乎逐渐沉入水下；而最令人信服的是，人们环绕地球航行时，有可能又回到原来的起航点。(The kinds为主句中的主语，谓语是included。

介词as引导三个并列同位语：shape，the fact，the fact，说明data。在两个fact后的that都引出同位语从句。)

63．The technological breakthrough and the lndustrial Revolution brought with them a mastery of food production and control of infectious disease that reduced the normal death-rate to below 1.5 per cent．

技术革新和工业革命促进了食品生产，控制了传染病的流行，这使人口正常死亡率降到1.5％以下。(to below是双重介词，reduce．．．tobelow，“降到……以下”。)

64．There are a few specially designed homes that are heated primarily by the sun but there is no practical and economic means for converting solar energy directly into that great convenience，electricity．

现在已有一些专门设计的住宅主要利用太阳能取暖，但还没有一种实用和经济的办法把太阳能直接转化为便于使用的电能。(介词短语for．．．electridty用来修饰means。，oonverting．．．into，“把……转化为……”。)

65．A balance consists of an arlTl balanced at its middle， with known weights hung on one hand and the object whose weight is to be found on the other．

天平由一个在中央平衡的臂组成，已知重量的砝码挂在平衡臂的一端，而把要称出重量的物体挂在平衡臂的另一端。 (分词短语balanced at its middle用来修饰arm。with...weights hung…是介词复合结构，用来对balance作补充说明，过去分词known作定语，修饰weights。hung是hang的过去分词。)

56．Weather is a product of many pLysical factors operating in and on the troposphere with the principal ones being the unequal heating of the earth's surface by the sun and the rather rapid rota tion of the planet on its axis．

天气是许多自然因素在对流层中起作用并对其施加影响的结果，其中太阳对地球表面加热不均等和地球自转比较快则是主要的因素。(with引导的复合结构作定语，用来修饰factors，ones代替factors。)

57．It is the village which suffers most，for it is not easy to break the traditional bonds uniting agriculturist families to families of craftsmen，nor to dispel the idea that some one who follows the traditional calling of this caste is acting in a more“suitable" way than some one who takes up a different occupation．

乡村受害最大，因为从事农业家庭与从事手工业家庭的传统结合是很难分割的。此外，一些人认为一个人遵照等级制度的传统职业来办事要比从事不同的职业更为"合适”，这种想法也很难去掉。 (his．．．which为强调句型，强调主语the village．原句是简单句，The village suffers most．for是连词，“因为”。uniting．．．to，“把……与……连接”，是分词短语作定语修饰bonds。nor连词，连接两个并列成分，把to break．．．和to dispel．．．两个不定式短语连接起来。that．．．occupation为同位语从句，用来揭示idea的概念内涵。calling意为“职业”，与occupation相呼应。ina．．．way，“以……方式”。)

58．Forging and press-production methods of shaping metal are of tremendous importance in machine-building in general，and in automobile and tractor industry in particular．

金属成形的锻压加工方法，一般在机器制造业、特别是在汽车和拖拉机工业中具有重大意义.(be of...“具有”。in general，“通常”；in particular，“特别”，这两个短语介词在句中作插入语用。)

59．In fact, in the nineteeth century people used to make gardens in the shape of aclock face，with different flowers opening at different times．

在19世纪，人们常常把花园做成钟盘形，不同的花在不同的时间开放。 (with引导的复合结构有定语的意味，用来对the shape of a clock进行修饰。免费靠泊论坛)

60．The modern scientific method Was born with Galileo in the 17th century；however，the development of the natural sciences began to gain speed only in the latter part of the 18th and the early part of the 19th centuries．

现代科学方法产生于17世纪的伽利略时代；然而，只是在18世纪后期和19世纪初期，自然科学才开始迅速发展。(with Galileo．．．century有表示时间与空间范围之意，这里是表示时间即伽利略时代。)

61．All of the atoms of an element contain the same number of protons in their muclei， and the atoms of one element differ from those of all other elements in the number of protons so contained．

同一种元素的所有原子的原子核中含有的质子数都是相同的，而一种元素的原子与其他一切元素的原子的不同点，就在于它们含有的质子数不同。(AdiffersfromBinC．A与B在C方面是不同的。句中in the number．．．是differ要求的。)

62．The kinds of evidence for the roundness of the world that led finally to its general accep tance included such data as the shape of the shadow of the earth on the moon during an eclipse of the moon，the fact that as one sails from port on a ship the building of the port gradually seem to sink below the surface of the water，and，most convincing，the fact that it is possible to sail all around the world and return to the starting point of the voyage．

最终为人们普遍接受的有关地球是圆形的种种论据，包括：月蚀时地球投在月球表面的阴影形状；当人们乘船离开港口时，港口的建筑物似乎逐渐沉入水下；而最令人信服的是，人们环绕地球航行时，有可能又回到原来的起航点。(The kinds为主句中的主语，谓语是included。

介词as引导三个并列同位语：shape，the fact，the fact，说明data。在两个fact后的that都引出同位语从句。)

63．The technological breakthrough and the lndustrial Revolution brought with them a mastery of food production and control of infectious disease that reduced the normal death-rate to below 1.5 per cent．

技术革新和工业革命促进了食品生产，控制了传染病的流行，这使人口正常死亡率降到1.5％以下。(to below是双重介词，reduce．．．tobelow，“降到……以下”。)

64．There are a few specially designed homes that are heated primarily by the sun but there is no practical and economic means for converting solar energy directly into that great convenience，electricity．

现在已有一些专门设计的住宅主要利用太阳能取暖，但还没有一种实用和经济的办法把太阳能直接转化为便于使用的电能。(介词短语for．．．electridty用来修饰means。，oonverting．．．into，“把……转化为……”。)

65．A balance consists of an arlTl balanced at its middle， with known weights hung on one hand and the object whose weight is to be found on the other．

天平由一个在中央平衡的臂组成，已知重量的砝码挂在平衡臂的一端，而把要称出重量的物体挂在平衡臂的另一端。 (分词短语balanced at its middle用来修饰arm。with...weights hung…是介词复合结构，用来对balance作补充说明，过去分词known作定语，修饰weights。hung是hang的过去分词。)

56．Weather is a product of many pLysical factors operating in and on the troposphere with the principal ones being the unequal heating of the earth's surface by the sun and the rather rapid rota tion of the planet on its axis．

天气是许多自然因素在对流层中起作用并对其施加影响的结果，其中太阳对地球表面加热不均等和地球自转比较快则是主要的因素。(with引导的复合结构作定语，用来修饰factors，ones代替factors。)

57．It is the village which suffers most，for it is not easy to break the traditional bonds uniting agriculturist families to families of craftsmen，nor to dispel the idea that some one who follows the traditional calling of this caste is acting in a more“suitable" way than some one who takes up a different occupation．

乡村受害最大，因为从事农业家庭与从事手工业家庭的传统结合是很难分割的。此外，一些人认为一个人遵照等级制度的传统职业来办事要比从事不同的职业更为"合适”，这种想法也很难去掉。 (his．．．which为强调句型，强调主语the village．原句是简单句，The village suffers most．for是连词，“因为”。uniting．．．to，“把……与……连接”，是分词短语作定语修饰bonds。nor连词，连接两个并列成分，把to break．．．和to dispel．．．两个不定式短语连接起来。that．．．occupation为同位语从句，用来揭示idea的概念内涵。calling意为“职业”，与occupation相呼应。ina．．．way，“以……方式”。)

58．Forging and press-production methods of shaping metal are of tremendous importance in machine-building in general，and in automobile and tractor industry in particular．

金属成形的锻压加工方法，一般在机器制造业、特别是在汽车和拖拉机工业中具有重大意义.(be of...“具有”。in general，“通常”；in particular，“特别”，这两个短语介词在句中作插入语用。)

59．In fact, in the nineteeth century people used to make gardens in the shape of aclock face，with different flowers opening at different times．

在19世纪，人们常常把花园做成钟盘形，不同的花在不同的时间开放。 (with引导的复合结构有定语的意味，用来对the shape of a clock进行修饰。)

60．The modern scientific method Was born with Galileo in the 17th century；however，the development of the natural sciences began to gain speed only in the latter part of the 18th and the early part of the 19th centuries．

现代科学方法产生于17世纪的伽利略时代；然而，只是在18世纪后期和19世纪初期，自然科学才开始迅速发展。(with Galileo．．．century有表示时间与空间范围之意，这里是表示时间即伽利略时代。)

61．All of the atoms of an element contain the same number of protons in their muclei， and the atoms of one element differ from those of all other elements in the number of protons so contained．

同一种元素的所有原子的原子核中含有的质子数都是相同的，而一种元素的原子与其他一切元素的原子的不同点，就在于它们含有的质子数不同。(AdiffersfromBinC．A与B在C方面是不同的。句中in the number．．．是differ要求的。)

62．The kinds of evidence for the roundness of the world that led finally to its general accep tance included such data as the shape of the shadow of the earth on the moon during an eclipse of the moon，the fact that as one sails from port on a ship the building of the port gradually seem to sink below the surface of the water，and，most convincing，the fact that it is possible to sail all around the world and return to the starting point of the voyage．

最终为人们普遍接受的有关地球是圆形的种种论据，包括：月蚀时地球投在月球表面的阴影形状；当人们乘船离开港口时，港口的建筑物似乎逐渐沉入水下；而最令人信服的是，人们环绕地球航行时，有可能又回到原来的起航点。(The kinds为主句中的主语，谓语是included。

介词as引导三个并列同位语：shape，the fact，the fact，说明data。在两个fact后的that都引出同位语从句。)

63．The technological breakthrough and the lndustrial Revolution brought with them a mastery of food production and control of infectious disease that reduced the normal death-rate to below 1.5 per cent．

技术革新和工业革命促进了食品生产，控制了传染病的流行，这使人口正常死亡率降到1.5％以下。(to below是双重介词，reduce．．．tobelow，“降到……以下”。)

64．There are a few specially designed homes that are heated primarily by the sun but there is no practical and economic means for converting solar energy directly into that great convenience，electricity．

现在已有一些专门设计的住宅主要利用太阳能取暖，但还没有一种实用和经济的办法把太阳能直接转化为便于使用的电能。(介词短语for．．．electridty用来修饰means。，oonverting．．．into，“把……转化为……”。)

65．A balance consists of an arlTl balanced at its middle， with known weights hung on one hand and the object whose weight is to be found on the other．

天平由一个在中央平衡的臂组成，已知重量的砝码挂在平衡臂的一端，而把要称出重量的物体挂在平衡臂的另一端。 (分词短语balanced at its middle用来修饰arm。with...weights hung…是介词复合结构，用来对balance作补充说明，过去分词known作定语，修饰weights。hung是hang的过去分词。)

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nanafly

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5楼发表于: 2006-12-01

只看该作者 ┊ 小中大

66.You should also learn as much about chemistry as possible from your own experience in the laboramry and from your observations of chemical substances and chemical reactions in everyday life．

你们也应该从你们自己的实验室经验中，从你们日常对化学物质和化学反应的观察中学习更多的化学方面的知识(1earn．．．from．．， “从……学……”。句中两个from均为learn要求的。)

67．You will notice that specific gravity is always the ratio of two weights，and so it is a pure number，such as 3 or 5．25，with out any unit associated with it．

你们将注意到，比重总是两个重量之比，因而它是一个纯数，譬如3或5．25，无需给它。

定义任何单位。(without．．it是分词复合结构，有结果的意味。)

68．With the increased productionmade possible by the assembly line，automobiles became much cheaper，and more and more people were able to offord them．

由于装配线所带来的增产，汽车价格便宜多了，买得起汽车的人越来越多。 (介词短语with…用作原因状语。)

69．Today physicists find that light has the characteristics of both waves and particles with one aspect sometimes predominating and sometimes the other．

物理学家现在发现，光具有波粒二重性，有时波动性起主要作用，有时粒子性起主要作用。(with。．．the other是分词复合结构，在句中作补充说明。)

70．It is amatter of common observation that a body A cannot exert force on a second body B without B at the same time exerting force on A．

这是我们通常都能观察到的情况：如果物体B没有同时对物体A施加作用力，那么物体A也不能对B施加作用力。 (without引导的介词复合结构为条件状语，用来说明谓语cannot exert。)

71．Without the sun's light warming the earth's surface，it would be so terribly cold that life could not exist．

如果没有阳光来加热地球的表面，地球就会变得非常寒冷，使得生命无法生存。(without引导的复合结构，在句中起条件状语作用。)

72．Just as the length and cross-section of the pipe affect the flow of water so it is with conductors of electric current．

正如管道的长度和截面会影响水流一样，导体对电流的影响也是如此。(with表示关系和范围，有“关于”，“对”，“就”之意。)

73．Water vapor may vary from almost nothing to as much as 4％ and is not usually included with the other constituents which，in terms of global averages，do not vary significantly．

(大气中)水蒸气的含量是变化的，从近乎为零到多达4％，通常不与其他成分一起计算，根据总平均值来看，其他成分的含量变化不大。(句中with表示事物之间的关系。参看上句。)

74．This atom，with 92 electrons spinning about the closely packed and complex nucleus，is the element uranium，which seems to be the most complicated of the natural atoms．

这一有着92个电子围着又密集又复杂的原子核旋转的原子，就是元素铀。它似乎是天然原子中最复杂的原子了。(句中with引出的是一个介词复合结构，作定语，修饰atoms。)

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iamzdl2000

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6楼发表于: 2007-05-30

只看该作者 ┊ 小中大

好的！很好的的啊！！！

心真意诚方为切

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iamzdl2000

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7楼发表于: 2007-05-30

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请问版主：
怎样复制才能不出现乱码啊？？？！！！！！

心真意诚方为切

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iamzdl2000

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8楼发表于: 2007-05-30

只看该作者 ┊ 小中大

心真意诚方为切

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iamzdl2000

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9楼发表于: 2007-05-30

只看该作者 ┊ 小中大

为啥有的文章不能复制呢？

心真意诚方为切

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