Hallmarks of Cancer: New Dimensions. .O~)zM x
The hallmarks of cancer conceptualization is a heuristic tool for distilling the vast )= 8X[<^i
complexity of cancer phenotypes and genotypes into a provisional set of underly- YMJ?t"
ing principles. As knowledge of cancer mechanisms has progressed, other facets of the disease have ]W]Vkkg]
emerged as potential refinements. Herein, the prospect is raised that phenotypic plasticity and dis- tTC[^Dji
rupted differentiation is a discrete hallmark capability, and that nonmutational epigenetic reprogram- rW!P
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ming and polymorphic microbiomes both constitute distinctive enabling characteristics that facilitate L{osh0
the acquisition of hallmark capabilities. Additionally, senescent cells, of varying origins, may be added YW}1Mf=_
to the roster of functionally important cell types in the tumor microenvironment.
