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楼主  发表于: 2009-05-20   

英语翻译笔记详解

英语翻译笔记 <sX_hIA^Fx  
考研翻译的程序 a-AA$U9hj  
1. 划动词,定主谓,明确各分句。 ,c 0]r;u!  
2. 缕关系,定词义,按意群翻译。 HBs 6:[q  
3. 按逻辑调整语序(意群内部的语序),写中文表达。 sh O4>Ha  
4. 重组合,删多余,核对和检查。 MO|Pv j~[  
定语从句的翻译 #4!f/dWJp  
定语从句就是起定语作用的从句。代词主要有which,that,who,where等等 c` N_MP  
定语从句分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句两大类 F%4N/e'L  
在翻译时,限定性定语从句就是把定语前置;非限定性定语从句通常要独立成句。 rbs&A{i  
定语从句表示原因,结果,转折等状语关系意思,翻译时要把这种关系表达出来。 P@x@5uC2  
定语从句的译法有三种:前置定语,独立成句,译成状语从句。 >FJK$>[1:p  
定语从句在翻译时由于信息量复杂,通常把定语从句从原句中解放出来,译成具有表达能力的独立叙述结构。 q^7=/d8  
一、 定语从句的前置 k(v &+v  
1995年 r{_1M>F D!  
All informed predictions of future performance are based upon some knowledge of relevant past performance: school grades research productive, sales records, or whatever is appropriate. 72. How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount, reliability, and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted. Anyone who keeps careful score knows that the information available is always incomplete and that the predictions are always subject to error. >h~>7i(A  
1. 划动词,定主谓,明确各分句。 validated,depends, interpreted. ;Wsl 'e/  
2. 缕关系,定词义,按意群翻译。 C4t~k  
第一个意群How well the predictions will be validated by later performance i8DYC=r  
第二个意群depends upon the amount, reliability, and appropriateness of the information used 6zi Mf  
第三个意群and on the skill and wisdom aC<fzUD;  
第四个意群with which it is interpreted. YG)7+94  
3. 按逻辑调整语序(意群内部的语序),写中文表达。 +ZV?yR2yn  
第一个意群predictions 预测,validated 证实,performance 表现,how well多大程度 F5M{`:/  
译文:这些预测将在多大程度上会被后来的表现所证实。 %o`Cp64`Q  
第二个意群amount 数量,reliability可靠性,appropriateness适合性,appropriate v 拨款,the information used翻译时将定语前置,所用的信息。 QUF1_Sa  
“名词 of 名词”结构的译法:后面的名词整个作为前面名词的定语 AJ6O>Euq  
如 city of Beijing 北京市  (C%qA<6  
depends upon 取决于 xsrdHP1  
译文:取决于所用信息的数量,可靠性以及适合性。 H>"P]Y)oX  
第三个意群 也取决于技巧和智慧。 ?ZkVk=t?  
第四个意群 it指代information 8^R~qpg%  
此句还原为It is interpreted with the skill and wisdom f917F.1 I  
with 用于第三个意群和第四个意群的译文用来解释信息的技巧和智慧 A-eCc#I  
4.重组合,删多余,核对和检查。  q ^Gj IP  
全句的译文:这些预测将在多大程度上会被后来的表现所证实,这取决于所用信息的数量,可靠性以及适合性以及用来解释信息的技巧和智慧。 'lgS) m  
2002年 N'|9rB2e  
It will not solve our problems, however, until it replaces traditional prescientific views, and these are strongly entrenched. Freedom and dignity illustrate the difficulty. 64) They are the possessions of the autonomous (self - governing) man of traditional theory, and they are essential to practices in which a person is held responsible for his conduct and given credit for his achievements. A scientific analysis shifts both the responsibility and the achievement to the environment. It also raises questions concerning "values." Who will use a technology and to what ends? APU~y5vG (  
1. 划动词,定主谓,明确各分句。动词 are ,are, held ,given W=2]!%3#  
2. 缕关系,定词义,按意群翻译。 5 L-6@@/  
第一个意群They are the possessions of the autonomous (self - governing) man of traditional theory, nQn=zbZ3  
第二个意群and they are essential to practices )Rj?\ZUR  
第三个意群in which a person is held responsible for his conduct P_gai7Xg  
第四个意群and given credit for his achievements. wqyF"^It"  
指代问题 they指代Freedom and dignity 自由和尊严 fOk(i vYy  
3. 按逻辑调整语序(意群内部的语序),写中文表达。 }q?q)cG  
第一个意群possess 拥有,占有 possession拥有物,possessions财富 possessive 支配权,控制权 CZ(fP86e  
self - governing自我管理 autonomous region 自治区 B""=&(Yu  
traditional theory 传统理论 #Q|ACNpYM  
译文:自由和尊严是传统理论所认为的自主人的财富 VxU{ZD~<Z"  
第二个意群essential 必不可少practices做法 " b`3   
第三个意群hold responsible for:对。。。负责 1\5po^Oioy  
第四个意群 credit 信任;信用;声望,名誉;赞扬,赞赏 $- GwNG  
achievements成绩 F5\{`  
4. 重组合,删多余,核对和检查。 <h`}I3Ao  
译文:自由和尊严是传统理论所认为的自主人的财富,他们对于那种要求人对他的行为负责并且根据他的成绩给予赞扬的做法来说是必不可少的。 5J3K3  
1999年 V j[,o Vt$  
Historians, especially those so blinded by their research interests that they have been accused of "tunnel method," frequently fall victim to the "technicist fallacy." Also common in the natural sciences, the technicist fallacy mistakenly identifies the discipline as a whole with certain parts of its technical implementation. 75) It applies equally to traditional historians who view history as only the external and internal criticism of sources, and to social science historians who equate their activity with specific techniques. :/;;|lGw  
It指fallacy谬误、错误 Ko FWI_(b  
划动词,定主谓,明确各分句。动词applies,view,equate t5S!j2E  
apply to适用于,适合于traditional historians传统的历史学家view sth,as sth把。。。视为。。。external 外部的 internal 内部的 N$cAX^~  
criticism:中性词the action of giving you option about sb. or sth。评论,评价 2*zMLI0.  
sources史料 XZ|\|(6Cc  
第一意群:这种谬误同样适用于那些把历史仅仅视为是对史料来源的内部外部评论的传统历史学家们。 ~JOC8dO  
用中文来看错误不能用适用于来表示,将apply to译为存在于 No]#RvEd3  
social science historians社会历史学家 &GI'-i  
equate:把。。。与。。。相等同equation方程式,等式techniques技术,技巧 ?lIh&C8]X  
第二意群:这种谬误同样存在于那些把他们的活动等同于具体技巧研究的社会历史学家们。 4o( Q +6m  
1996年 "T6s;'k  
Some, however, are less reasonable processes of different growth in which preconceptions of the form scientific theory ought to take, by persons in authority, act to alter the growth pattern of different areas. This is a new problem probably not yet unavoidable; but it is a frightening trend. 72)This trend began during the Second World War, when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail. 4n2*2 yTg  
动词began,came to,wants,foreseen {CGk9 g" `  
此句翻译参见(1994年阅读passage 4 第三段第二句The researchers made great progress in the early 1970s, when they discovered that oncogenes, which are cancer-causing genes, are inactive in normal cells. 动词:made,discovered,are,are 9 NqZ&S  
译文:研究者在20世纪70年代早期取得了很大的进步,当时他们发现了癌基因是在正常细胞中没有活性的,癌基因是能导致癌症的基因。) GUsJF;;V  
第一意群:This trend began during the Second World War,这一趋势开始于第二次世界大战期间,during 必须翻译成期间,否则扣分 Qy) -gax:,  
第二意群:when several governments came to the conclusion当时,一些国家的政府得出这样的结论: ,f[Oy:fr  
establishment 建立,建造;机构scientific establishment科学机构 scientific and research establishment科研机构foreseen预见generally一般来说in detail详细 在句中起副词作用 YU1z\pK  
句中有generally,surprisingly,ironically等词,通常把他们作为一个单独成分提到句子前面去翻译,因为他们修饰的一般是整个句子。 8*(|uX  
从句that the specific demands cannot generally be foreseen in detail.中间插入that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment作specific demands的定语 BU%gXr4Ra  
全文翻译:这一趋势开始于第二次世界大战期间,当时,一些国家的政府得出这样的结论:一个政府对于其科学机构所能做出的具体要求,一般来说是不可能被详细预见的。 |TuFx=~5v  
几点关于定语从句前置的总结 3 n1 > +8  
1. 定语从句前置的条件:如果定语从句结构简单,意思清楚,信息负载量较小,则一般把它处理为前置定语放到先行词前面。 M V~3~h8  
2. 判断定语从句是否前置,还看定语从句和先行词之间的关系是否密切。 wmit>69S  
3. 定语从句前置时的翻译技巧:a 分拆法 b 增词法 c 词类转译法 QeD ;GzG  
二、 定语从句独立成句 4J2C# Cs  
1994年 E^V4O l<  
According to the new school of scientists, technology is an overlooked force in expanding the horizons of scientific knowledge. 71) Science moves forward, they say, not so much through the insights of great men of genius as because of more ordinary things like improved techniques and tools. 72) "In short", a leader of the new school contends, "the scientific revolution, as we call it, was largely the improvement and invention and use of a series of instruments that expanded the reach of science in innumerable directions." R,W w/D  
动词:contends,was, expanded 可分为六个意群 2QV|NQSl  
第一意群:"In short",简而言之 O)}5`0@L  
第二意群:a leader of the new school contends, leader 领导人,领袖 !ziO1U  
note: 确定一个词的词义一定要看它的搭配 Us8nOr>5  
school n 学校,学院,学习,授课,求学,全体学生,学派,一群(鱼) \v([,tiW%  
vt 锻炼,教育 stlkt>9  
a school of fish一群(鱼) -&r A<j  
此处school是学派的意思 MH_3nN  
contend 斗争,竞争,主张,争辩,讨论,坚持认为 此处是坚持认为的意思 oF(|NS^  
译文:一个新学派的领袖坚持认为 (/Dr=D{ `  
第三意群:the scientific revolution科学革命 the scientific and technologic revolution科技革命 YRJw,xl  
第四意群:as we call it,我们所谓的(科学革命) $U}GX'1LZ  
as we name it我们所谓的 =BBDh`$R  
第五意群:was largely the improvement and invention and use of a series of instruments mO^vKq4r.  
improvement n 改进,进步,改良invention 发明use n 使用 a series of 一系列largely很大程度上 *`bAu *  
译文:很大程度上是一系列工具的改良、发明和使用 B}Sl1)E  
第六意群:that expanded the reach of science in innumerable directions."此句是定语从句,其先行词是the improvement and invention and use VAZ6;3@cd  
reach v 到达,达到,伸出,影响 n 影响范围,势力范围,延伸,区域,河段 R]Pv=fn  
one reach 手能触及的范围内 within your reach在你力所能及的范围内 beyond your reach 超出能力范围之外 4$jb-Aw  
reach of science科学的影响范围 ^EmI;ks  
innumerable adj 数不清的,无数的 uncountable无数的 countless无数的 _tpqo>  
directions方面 !;;WS~no3  
extend是种线性拓展 和expanded是种面性拓展 :LBRyBV  
状语翻译成中文时,要么放到整个句子的前面,要么放到谓语动词的前面 E=8$*YUW(g  
译文:它在无数方面拓展了科学影响的范围 uOprA`3  
全文翻译:个新学派的领袖坚持认为“简而言之,我们所谓的科学革命在很大程度上是一系列工具的改良、发明和使用,正是这些改良、发明和使用在无数方面拓展了科学影响的范围” =9#cf-?  
2001 年 :sXn*k4v  
71) There will be television chat shows hosted by robots, and cars with pollution monitors that will disable them when they offend. /|2 hW`G  
动词:be, disable,offend 可分为四个意群 cAc>p-y%  
第一个意群:There will be television chat shows hosted by robots, tu0agSpU  
第二个意群:and cars with pollution monitors eU.HS78  
第三个意群:that will disable them y(0";\V  
第四个意群:when they offend. WEFvJ0]  
第一个意群:robots机器人 host主持 television chat shows电视谈话节目talk show 脱口秀 There will be将来会出现 O %?d0K  
译文:将来会出现机器人主持的电视访谈节目 7Q3a0`Iq  
第二个意群:monitors监控器,监听器,监视器 ;班长pollution monitors 污染监测器,污染监控装置 %(y0,?*  
有实际含义的介词一般翻译成实体动词 with 装有 kA%"-$3  
译文:而且还会出现装有污染监控装置的汽车 Ju.B!)uS#  
第三个意群:them指代cars,disable使某人残废 to deliberately make a machine 6+Wkcr h  
or a piece of equipment impossible to use. Y1Qg|U o  
译文:使汽车不能运行。 }qOj^pkJ  
第四个意群:offend触怒,冒犯they指代pollution -<Zs7 (  
全文翻译:将来会出现机器人主持的电视访谈节目,而且还会出现装有污染监控装置的汽车,当汽车排污超标时,这种监控器就会使汽车无法行驶。 a+Z95~*sZ"  
73) Pearson has pieced together the work of hundreds of researchers around the world to produce a unique millennium technology calendar that gives the latest dates when we can expect hundreds of key breakthroughs and discoveries to take place. WN%KA TA  
动词:pieced together, gives,can expect TwZASn]o  
第一个意群:Pearson has pieced together the work of hundreds of researchers around the world vkQkU,q  
第二个意群:to produce a unique millennium technology calendar JD}"_,-  
第三个意群:that gives the latest dates 4PzCm k  
第四个意群:when we can expect hundreds of key breakthroughs and discoveries to take place. 9dFSppM  
第一个意群:around the world世界各地 Around the world in 80 days UBy< vwnU  
Pearson皮尔森 pieced together 汇集 the work 工作成果 :L!O/Bd8V  
译文:皮尔森汇集了世界各地数百个研究人员的工作成果  8DsXw@o  
第二个意群:millennium n 千僖年 在这个句子中翻译成千年 }+1Y>W7q  
millennium technology calendar 千年技术日历 u79,+H@ep  
unique a 独一无二的,唯一的 g:sn/Zug]  
注意:根据上下文确定词义,此处produce译为编制,编订。因为在中文中日历是被编订的,而不是生产 w[S!U<9/  
译文:编订一个千年技术日历 DZI:zsf;5Q  
第三个意群:that指代calendar E8=8OX/{Y  
第四个意群:key 重要的,关键的 breakthroughs突围,突破 u d V. $N  
全文翻译:皮尔森汇集了世界各地数百个研究人员的工作成果来编制一个千年技术日历,这个日历给出了我们能够看到的数百个关键性突破和发现发生的最近日期 MWxv\o   
Pearson also predicts a breakthrough in computer-human links. "By linking directly to our nervous system, computers could pick up what we feel and, hopefully, simulate feeling too so that we can start to develop full sensory environments, rather like the holidays in Total Recall or the Star Trek holodeck," he says. 74) But that, Pearson points out, is only the start of man-machine integration: "It will be the beginning of the long process of integration that will ultimately lead to a fully electronic human before the end of the next century." ] 3@.)  
That指代breakthrough 4G4[IA u_  
动词points out,is,be,lead to 可分为五个意群: VdZmrq;?/  
第一个意群:But that, !F_BLHig  
第二个意群:Pearson points out, _*I@ J/  
第三个意群:is only the start of man-machine integration: !5;A.f  
第四个意群:It will be the beginning of the long process of integration [8o!X)  
第五个意群:that will ultimately lead to a fully electronic human before the end of the next century." cx(aMcX6  
第一个意群:译文:但是这种突破 u ::2c  
第二个意群:译文:皮尔森指出 ]H4T80wm&  
第三个意群:integration :the combination of two or more things so that they become a united one整合,一体化 T7!"gJ  
the integration between western and eastern culture:中西方文化一体化 ]}~[2k.  
man-machine integration 人机一体化 \[Dxg`;4  
译文:仅仅是人机一体化的开端 +x3T^G  
第四个意群:long 漫长的 process 进程 Uo!#p'<w)p  
译文:这个突破将会是漫长的人机一体化进程的开始。 4nfpPN t  
第五个意群:electronic human电子人fully完全地lead to导致before the end of the next century.在下世纪末之前 &3Q!'pJJ  
译文:这个一体化进程将最终在下世纪末之前导致一个完全的电子人的诞生。 ;!JI$_ -\  
全文翻译:皮尔森指出,但是这种突破仅仅是人机一体化的开端,这个突破将会是漫长的人机一体化进程的开始,这个一体化进程将最终在下世纪末之前导致一个完全的电子人的诞生。 T w!]N%E  
几点关于定语从句独立成句的总结 'n9<z)/,!  
1. 当定语从句结构复杂,信息负载量大,放到先行词前会造成句子臃肿、妨碍理解的时候,则将其单独分拆成句。 kXmnLxhS/  
2. 定语从句中,关系副词前的介词,通常被译为动词。 OKo39 A\fu  
3. 使用技巧:重组法,增词法,分拆法。  i,{'}B  
4. 独立成句时,如果先行词是定语从句的主句,则必须重复先行词,或者使用代 5w\>Whbd  
倒装和分割结构 $rAHtr  
    为了强调句子的某些部分,或是为了保持句子平衡,英语中常常使用倒装。大体说来,倒装可以分为主谓倒装和非主谓倒装。主谓倒装里又分 $\0%"S  
为完全倒装和部分倒装。在翻译的时候,既可以按照主谓语的顺序翻译,也可以按照字面意思翻译。非主谓倒装只是将强调部分前置,以保持句子平衡或是起强调作用。翻译时可以采用顺序译法或是倒序译法。 N6"b Ox J(  
   1. For example, they do not compensate for social inequality, and thus do not tell how able an underprivileged youngster might have been had he grown up under more favorable circumstances. %V>Ss9;/8  
  分析:本句中 had he grown up under more favorable circumstances 属于部分倒装。正常语序为: if he had grown up under more favorable circumstances 。在正式文体中,可以将虚拟条件句中的 if 省略,并将助动词提前。 #+v Iq?  
  译文:例如,它们(指测试)并不弥补社会的不公,因此不能说明一个贫困青年,要是在比较有利的境况下长大,会有多大才干。 7>Af"1$g  
   2. Nonstop waves of immigrants played a role, too and so did bigger crops of babies as yesterday’s “baby boom” generation reached its child-bearing years. (~R[K,G  
  分析:该句中 so did bigger crops of babies 属于语法倒装。用 so 来代替前述肯定句谓语部分所说情况。 (8(7:aE $  
  译文:不间断的移民浪潮也起了作用 —— 而且随着昔日在 “ 生育高峰期 ” 出生的一代人达到生育年龄,婴儿的出生数量增加了,这同样起了作用。 e;y\v/A  
   3. Much as I have traveled, I have never seen anyone to equal her in thoroughness, whatever the job. d+1q[,-  
  分析:该句的 Much as I have traveled 是一个由 as 引导的让步状语从句。相当于 though I have traveled much ,但语气要比后者强。这种结构要求部分倒装。 `uO(#au,U  
  译文:我虽然见多识广,但还从未见过比她细心的人,不管什么职业。 X}~5%B(  
   4. Only when you have acquired a good knowledge of grammar can you write correctly. c~@ Z  
  分析:相信大家对这种结构都不陌生。 Only 后加副词、介词、状语从句时要用部分倒装。但是要注意的是,如果 only 修饰的不是状语,则不用倒装。 gD"]uj<  
  译文:只有很好地掌握了语法知识,写出来的东西才会正确。 $*035f  
   5. Nowhere do 1980 census statistics dramatize more the American search for spacious living than in the Far West . 1}moT#  
分析:当句首是否定副词或含有否定词的词语时,一般要部分倒装。 HA?<j|M  
  译文: 1980 年哪里的人口普查统计资料也不如远西地区的更能生动地说明美国人对宽敞的生活环境的追求。 l\PDou@5  
我的译文:在1980的人口普查统计资料中,没有其他地方比远西地区更能生动地说明美国人对宽敞的生活环境的追求。 e/pZLj]M  
   6. Hardly had he began to speak when the audience interrupted him. i'GBj,:  
  分析: hardly…when 的结构表示 “ 刚 … 就 …” 。含有这种结构的句子常将 hardly 置于句首,而采用部分倒装的语序。此外, hardly 分句中一般采用过去完成时,而 when (或 before )分句中使用过去时。还有,与 hardly…when… 结构类似的用法还有 barely (scarcely)…when… gWxpGW^eZ~  
  译文:他刚开始讲,听众就打断了他的话。 ,t`u3ykh  
   7. To such length did she go in rehearsal that two actors walked out. 7oPLO(0L  
  分析: such…that 结构可将 such 或含有 such 的词组放在句首,使全句采用部分倒装。 ~i)m(65:  
与此用法类似的还有 so…that 结构。 N$8do?  
  译文:她在排演中搞得太过分,以致两名男演员 .AIlv^:|U  
退出不干了。 ze+_iQ5  
   8. Certain it is that all essential processes of plant growth and development occur in water. :L~{Q>o  
  分析:本句为表语前置,表示强调。正常语序应为: It is certain that… 。 ^BDM'  
  译文:植物发育生长的全部基本过程当然是在水中发生的。 Ck71N3~W  
   9. We rally should not resent being called paupers. Paupers we are, and paupers we shall remain. 4fK(<2i  
 分析:这两句话是为了使上下文紧密衔接,从而将第二个并列分句的表语前置。 ^6tcB* #A  
  译文:我们确实不应因为被称作穷光蛋而愤愤不平。我们的确是穷光蛋,而且还会继续是穷光蛋。 8VbHZ9Q  
   10. Then, down the crowed thoroughfare comes the University of Cambridge ’s most distinctive vehicle, bearing its most distinguished citizen. AqPE.mf  
  分析:正常语序应为: The vehicle came down the thoroughfare 。为使语言生动形象,文学作品中常用这类倒装。在翻译时要尽量翻译出原句的语言效果。这里 bear=carry 。 v!\\aG/  
  译文:从拥挤的街道上驶来了一辆剑桥大学最有特色的车,车上坐着学校最著名的人物。 bPaE;?m  
语法关系密切的两个句子成分被其他句子成分分隔的现象称为分割结构。英语中,分割结构的类型是多种多样的。例如,英语句子的主语和谓语一般都紧密相联,它们之间很少插入介词等比较长的结构。但是,在有些情况下,或是为了保持句子的平衡,避免头重脚轻;或是为了语义严密,结构紧凑,在主语和谓语之间有时也会插入其他成分。此外,还有定语(或定语从句)与其中心词被分隔;某些词语与其所要求的介词被分隔;动词与其宾语被分隔;介词与其宾语被分隔等等。总之,英语的分割应遵循尾重原则(应把长而复杂的成分放在句末,使结构匀称)和句尾信息焦点原则(把新信息,即语意重点放在句末)。同时,在阅读时要注意找出原来属于一个整体部分的意义。 4NY00d/R  
1. Most novelists and historians writing in the early to mid-twentieth century who considered women in the West, when they considered women at all, fell under Turner’s spell. c4]/{!4 Q  
  分析:本句的主干结构是: Most novelists and historians…fell under Turner’s spell. Turner 是美国历史学家。 under a spell :被迷住,着迷。 writing in the early to mid-twentieth century who considered women in the West, when they considered women at all 修饰主语,起分割主谓的作用。而其中的状语从句 when they considered women at all 是定语从句 who considered women in the West 中的状语成分。 (8M^|z}q  
  译文:从本世纪初到本世纪中叶从事写作的小说家和历史学家只要描写妇女,就会描述西部妇女,而且都被特纳迷住。 t7A '  
   2. Abraham Lincoln is the most famous instance of the claim that Americans often made that in their country a man may rise from the lowest to the highest position. D}n&`^1X+  
  分析: the claim 和其同位语 that in their country a man may rise from the lowest to the highest position 被 the claim 的定语从句 that Americans often made 分割。同位语从句在翻译时可按照顺序翻译,将其翻译为分句。 v35wlt^}  
  译文:美国人常认为,在他们国家,一个人的地位可以从社会最底层上升到社会最上层,亚伯拉罕 " 林肯就是极好的例子。 ?^F*M#%?  
   3. In the last eight years there were difficult, almost non-stop negotiations and reported threats of failure, ultimately overcome by a combination of creative compromise and stubborn determination—indeed, some call it unprecedented determination—to succeed. hD~P)@^  
分析:本句的主干结构是: …there were negotiations and…threats of failure 。 “overcome by…” 是过去分词短语,修饰 threats of failure 。 stubborn determination 和其定语动词不定式 “to succeed” 被 “indeed, some call it unprecedented determination” 分割。 \,:3bY_d  
  译文:在最后的八年里,进行了艰苦卓绝的、几乎是不间断的谈判,其间屡经失败之虞,但最终通过创造性的协调和要取得成功的顽强决心 —— 确实有人称之为前所未有的决心 —— 而渡过难关,取得了胜利。 Ix+===6  
4. The discovery of surplus value suddenly threw light on the problem, in trying to solve which all previous investigations, of both bourgeois economists and social critics, had been groping in the dark. I6bekOvP  
分析: in trying to solve 插在 the problem 和定语从句 which… 之间,起到承上启下的作用。 of both bourgeois economists and social critics 为 investigations 的后置定语,起到分割作用。 bjgf8427I  
  译文:由于剩余价值的发现,使问题明朗化了。而先前,无论资产阶级经济学家还是社会批评家所从事的一切研究都只是在黑暗中摸索。 Q o}&2m  
   5. A better knowledge of China ’s civilization would lay open to us an empire of learning, hitherto fabulously described. q3+G  
  分析: lay open 和 an empire of learning 被介词短语 to us 分割。本句选自英国前首相撒切尔夫人 1982 年在中国欢迎宴会上的讲话。翻译时要注意转译的应用。如把 “better” 译为副词 “ 更好地 ” 。 jy=dB-&  
  译文:更好地了解中国的文明,将为我们打开一个知识的王国,对这个王国迄今只有神话般的描述。 JNQiCK,)}M  
   6. It is the insistence, as a first consideration, upon the interdependence of the various elements in, and parts of, the United States —a recognition of the old and permanently important manifestation of the American spirit of the pioneer. I y?_2m  
  分析: insistence 后接 upon the interdependence of the various elements in, and parts of, the United States, 中间被插入语 as a first consideration 分割,做进一步说明。该句选自美国前总统罗斯福在 1933 年的就职演说。汉语中动词用得较多,翻译时可把名词转译为动词。 z tS P4lW  
  译文:我们首先应考虑的是,坚持美国国内各种因素之间、各个部分之间的相互依赖关系 —— 即承认体现传统的和永远重要的美国开拓精神。 5O.dRp7d J  
   7. Old Henry and his wife Phoebe were as fond of each other as it is possible for two old people to be who have nothing else in this life to be fond of. 4@,d {qp~  
  分析:连词 as 引导的比较状语从句中, it 代替 for two old people to be 。 to be 后省略了 fond of each other 。 to be 做分割成分。 3t  
  译文:象两位老人一生中没有其他什么东西可爱而彼此相爱一样,老亨利和他的妻子芬比也互相爱慕。 %O 5 k+~9  
   8. As they grow old, people also accumulate belongings for two other reasons: lack of physical and mental energy—both of which are essential in turning out and throwing away—and sentiment. Qo*,2B9R L  
  分析:该句包含了并列结构被分割的情况。 lack of physical and mental energy 和 sentiment 是并列结构,作 two other reasons 的同位语。但是被非限定性定语从句 both of which are essential in turning out and throwing away 分割。 ~7Ji+AJA  
译文:人们随着日趋年迈,积存物品还有其他两个原因:一是缺乏体力和精神,两者在清理和扔掉无用之物时不可或缺,二是感情上的原因。 ]LFY2w<  
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