2015吉林大学考博英语真题阅读理解精练 =^by0E2
Bernard Bailyn has recently reinterpreted the early history of the pRmE ryR(U
United States by applying new social research findings on the 9 #:ue@)
experiences of European migrants. In his reinterpretation, migration NXi,5
becomes the organizing principle for rewriting the history of N]*!8
preindustrial North America. His approach rests on four separate ^,>}%1\
propositions. +Z]y #=
The first of these asserts that residents of early modern England 95VqaR,
moved regularly about their countryside; migrating to the New World D8W(CE^}
was simply a “natural spillover”. Although at first the colonies u"eZa!#
held little positive attraction for the English — they would rather ^g\h]RD}
have stayed home — by the eighteenth century people increasingly JW2W>6Dgv[
migrated to America because they regarded it as the land of U24V55ZnI
opportunity. Secondly, Bailyn holds that, contrary to the notion that omr:C8T>
used to flourish in America history textbooks, there was never a 2zwuvgiZ
typical New World community. For example, the economic and *%;6P5n%
demographic character of early New England towns varied considerably. G6f%/m`
Bailyn’s third proposition suggest two general patterns YstXNN4
prevailing among the many thousands of migrants: one group came as CRP7U
indentured servants, another came to acquire land. Surprisingly, iFY]0@yt
Bailyn suggests that those who recruited indentured servants were the (gFQK[
driving forces of transatlantic migration. These colonial <ihhV e
entrepreneurs helped determine the social character of people who f45x%tha %
came to preindustrial North America. At first, thousands of unskilled PsacXZNs\N
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laborers were recruited; by the 1730’s, however, American employers +
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demanded skilled artisans. @DRfNJ}
Finally, Bailyn argues that the colonies were a half-civilized % jYQ
hinterland of the European culture system. He is undoubtedly correct -<u-
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to insist that the colonies were part of an Anglo-American empire. Q3'(f9
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But to divide the empire into English core and colonial periphery, [J(@$Q
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as Bailyn does, devalues the achievements of colonial culture. It is )cfp(16
true, as Bailyn claims, that high culture in the colonies never d{vc
wZQ
matched that in England. But what of seventeenth-century New England, >^2ZM
where the settlers created effective laws, built a distinguished rcD.P?"
university, and published books? Bailyn might respond that New iPR!JX
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England was exceptional. However, the ideas and institutions (Q*
2dd>
developed by New England Puritans had powerful effects on North TW;|G'}$
American culture. 5pN08+
Although Bailyn goes on to apply his approach to some thousands )of5229
of indentured servants who migrated just prior to the revolution, he *RUd!]bh
fails to link their experience with the political development of the ^H@!)+
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United States. Evidence presented in his work suggests how we might 0
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make such a connection. These indentured servants were treated as W
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slaves for the period during which they had sold their time to American >vNk kxWyQ
employers. It is not surprising that as soon as they served their time v)v{QNQp^
they passed up good wages in the cities and headed west to ensure their KBUAdpU8
personal independence by acquiring land. Thus, it is in the west that 0e7O#-
a peculiarly American political culture began, among colonists who g(z#h$@S
7k[`]:*o
were suspicious of authority and intensely anti-aristocratic. MfZ}xu
(PS:The way to contact yumingkaobo TEL:si ling ling-liu liu ba-l @5dBb+0J
iu jiu qi ba QQ: si jiu san san qi yi liu er liu ) PG-cu$\??
1. Which of the following statements about migrants to colonial North c DEe?WS
America is supported by information in the text? q^T&A[hMPx
[A] A larger percentage of migrants to colonial North America came 8O;rp(N.n
as indentured servants than as free agents interested in acquiring sbq44L)
land. /(WX!EEsB
[B] Migrants who came to the colonies as indentured servants were Npg5Z%+y
more successful at making a livelihood than were farmers and artisans. hoSU`
X
[C] Migrants to colonial North America were more successful at XyKKD&j
acquiring their own land during the eighteenth century than during D;
35@gtj
the seventeenth century. $HR(|{piZ
[D] By the 1730’s, migrants already skilled in a trade were in OA8b_k~
more demand by American employers than were unskilled laborers. SjNwT[.nr7
2. The author of the text states that Bailyn failed to
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[A] give sufficient emphasis to the cultural and political M%Kx{*aw&
interdependence of the colonies and England. Hhce:E@K
[B] describe carefully how migrants of different ethnic 6r-<XNv)0
backgrounds preserved their culture in the United States. a_#eGe>
[C] take advantage of social research on the experiences of yU&g|MV_
colonists who migrated to colonial North America specifically to U
mx
acquire land. R~seUW7uv"
[D] relate the experience of the migrants to the political values A?{aUQB~|
that eventually shaped the character of the United States. .tHv4.ob
3. Which of the following best summarizes the author’s E )Zd{9A5)
evaluation of Bailyn’s fourth proposition? fU){]YP
[A] It is totally implausible. ]6c2[r?g{
[B] It is partially acceptable. BOl$UJ|K
[C] It is highly admirable. J|64b
[D] It is controversial though persuasive. (L6]uNOG
4. According to the text, Bailyn and the author agree on which `efH(
of the following statements about the culture of colonial New England? %+OPas8C
[A] High culture in New England never equaled the high culture V~^6 TS(
of England !E.lyz
[B] The cultural achievements of colonial New England have ~Sem_U`G
generally been unrecognized by historians. MAhPO!e5.
[C] The colonists imitated the high culture of England, and did 8@C|exAD`
not develop a culture that was uniquely their own. `LHfAXKN
[D] The southern colonies were greatly influenced by the high I`}vdX)
culture of New England. h,jAtL!
5. The author of the text would be most likely to agree with which "OAZ<
of the following statements about Bailyn’s work? Chi<)P$^
[A] Bailyn underestimates the effects of Puritan thought on North u2x=YUWb]
American culture. k^%ec3l
[B] Bailyn overemphasizes the economic dependence of the colonies l$~bkVNL
on Great Britain. OU3+SYM
[C] Bailyn’s description of the colonies as part of an 5$G??="K
'!L1z4
5
Anglo-American empire is misleading and incorrect. 0*M}QXt
[D] Bailyn failed to test his propositions on a specific group :H8L (BsI
of migrants to colonial North America. ZJ}LnPr
答案:DDBAA