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Culture shock might be called an occupational disease of people who have been suddenly transplanted abroad.Like most ailments,it has its own symptoms and cure. km6O3> p5r
Culture shock文化冲击is precipitated by the 51 that result from losing all our familiar signs and symbols of social intercourse.Those signs or cues include the thousands and one ways in thich we 52 ourselves to the situation of daily life; when to shake hands and what to say,when we meet people, when and how to give tips,how to make purchases,when to accept and when to 53 invitations,when to take statements seriously and 54 .These cues,which may be words,gestures,facial expressions,customs,or norms,are acquired by all of us in the course of growing up and are 55 a part of our cultrue as the language we speak or the beliefs we accept.All of us depend 56 our peace of mind内心的宁静 and our efficiency on hundreds of these cues,most of which we do not carry,57 conscious awareness. z]1g; j
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Now when individual enters a strange culture,all or most of these familiar cues are 58 .He or she is like a fish out water.No matter how broad-minded气量大的or full of goodwill you may be, a series of props小道具 have been knocked 59 you,followed by feeling of frustrations and anxiety.People react to the frustration in much the same way.First they reject the environment which causes the discomfort.“The ways of the host country are bad because they make us feel bad.”When foreigners in a strange hand get together to grouse埋怨about the 60country and its people.You can be sure they are suffering from culture shock. a
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High-speed高速的Living has become a fact of life无法更改的事实,and the frantic pace is taking its toll代价,according to science writer James Gleick. It’s as if the old“type A”behavior of a few has expanded into 扩大为the “hurry sickness ”of the many. ?P Mi#H
“We do feel that we’re more time-driven and time-obsessed受时间驱使和困扰 and generally rushed than ever before”write Gleick in Faster:The Acceleration of Just About几乎Everything,a survey of fast -moving移动迅速的, 情节紧凑动人的culture and its consfequences.We may also be acting more hastily,losing control, and thinking superficially because we lie faster. x24&mWgU
Technology has conditioned us to expect instant results.Internet purchases arrive by next-day delivery and the microvave delivers a hot meal in minutes.Faxes,e-mails,and cell phones make it plssible—and increasingly obligatory义务的—for people to work faster.Gleick cites numerous examples of last-forward changes in our lives:Stock trading and news cycles are shorter; sound bites（新闻采访的）原声摘要播出of presidential candidates on network newscasts dropped from 40 secinds in 1868 to 10 seconds in 1998 ; and some fast-food restaurants have added express lanes小路. !GtCO r\'
High expectations for instant service方便的服务 make even the brief wait for an elevator seem interminable (漫长的). “A good waiting time is in the neighborhood of 15 seconds.Sometime around 40 seconds,people start to get visibly显然upset”writes Gleick.We’re dependent on systems that promise speed but often deliver frustration.Like rush-hour高峰时间 drivers fuming when a single accident halts the evening commute,people surfing the internet网络冲浪squirm if a Web page is slow to load or when access itselt is not instantaneous即刻的.And the concert of “customer service”can become an oxymoron(逆喻 a wise fool; cruel kindness)for customers waiting on hold for a telephone representative. r1.OLn?C
Up-tempo快速living has turned people multitaskers-eating while driving,writing an e-mail whiletalking on the phone,or skimming dozens of television programs on split screen.Gleick suggests that human beings may be capable of adjusting to these new levels of stimuli as high-speed culture challenges our brains“in a way they were not challenged in the past,except perhaps in times of war”.We may gain the flexibility to do several things at once but lose some of our capacity to focus in depth 深入的on a single task. r& nE M6
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