考博英语语法详解（一）

英语语法是针对英语语言的语法进行的研究。语法是组词造句的规则，是把合适的词放进合适位置的艺术，语法可分为两大部分：词法和句法。词法包括各类词的形态及其变化，句法主要讲句子的种类和类型，句子成分以及遣词造句的规律。由此可见学好语法对考博英语的重要性，在此，整理了考博英语必备语法知识点，希望考生们学以致用，考博英语取得好的成绩。一考博英语语法：独立主格     　　　　 ~qLhZR\g^  
    1. 充当句子的状语。 v0jz)z<#  
　　2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 9^Vx*KVrU  
　　3. 名词(代词，形容词，副词，介词)+ 分词 ;ijfI  
　　4.　With + 名词 (代词) + 分词 (形容词) =VX<eV  
　　例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. -)vp&-  
　　b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. gU 2c--`  
　　c) he entered the room, with his hands open(holding a rifle). )S;Xy`vO  
　　真题剖析 $qyM X[  
　　(1995)   45   cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are　 46　 of the material which would　47　feed them. Ci#5@Q9#w  
　　45. A. For `bi_)i6Low  
　　B. As ``YL] <<  
　　C. With YDzF( ']o:  
　　D. Because !#|fuOWe  
　　练习：  /qQ2@k  
　　Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. HOQ _T4  
　　8. A. is `_{ '?II  
　　B. having L!8?2 \5  
　　C. being ! {o+B^^  
　　D. be ?yM/j7Xn  
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二考博英语语法：虚拟语气　　虚拟语气 ?bYQZJ>&  
　　1. (should)+动词原形 X'Il:SK  
　　It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 Ly/~N/<\  
　　It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 K[ ;,/:Y  
　　It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 Hf]}OvT>Z  
　　部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 <W|{)U?p  
　　2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 BL^Hj  
　　would rather +动词过去式 exN#!&;  
　　真题剖析 pC.P  
　　(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I　47　say that teaching is hard work . … /@}# KP=  
　　47. A. do m<LzB_G\  
　　B. did q'-l; V|  
　　C. don’t ZrT|~$*m`  
　　D. didn’t Fm~}A4  
　　(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration　52 , and they　　53　that the professor be sent home. Bq=](<>>  
　　53. A. ordered #Z5Wk  
　　B. pleaded " yl"A4p S  
　　C. decided X"59`Yh  
　　D. demanded j`M<M[C*4N  
　　练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that 　　we__15__ this message to heart. 0#GwhB  
　　15. A. took (D3m5fO  
　　B. would take -mdPqVIJn:  
　　C. will take 4nXS9RiF2  
　　D. should take 2;7GgO~  
　　(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. 2Ps`!Y5  
　　(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) ".Z+bi2l  
　　54.A. shall !-Q!/
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　　B.will `G{t<7[[;  
　　C.would QNBzc {XB  
　　D.should YH$`r6\S  
N=x,96CF  
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三考博英语语法:非谓语动词　　动名词、分词、不定式。 q@> m~R  
　　主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) Ps-d#~4U;  
　　发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) J(L$pIM  
　　To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 {$.{VE+v5  
　　真题剖析 Xb;`WE gC  
　　(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies　60　into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. pc>R|~J{2  
　　60. A. dropped 3g?T,|2K  
　　B. to drop #SOe&W5  
　　C. dropping o!&*4>tF  
　　D.drops Y6Q6--P  
　　(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a　59　life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining 　　relationships, from developing in human ways. eIl&=gZ6>  
　　59. A. destructive W[DB!ue  
　　B. dissatisfied ,k I1"@Tu  
　　C. damaged kE}Ib4]J  
　　D. derivative 7Q&P4{hi0  
vF1$$7k  
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四考博英语语法：主谓一致　　1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 #t*c*o  
　　How you got there doesn’t concern me. =>U~ligu  
　　Growing vegetables needs constant watering. 2J5dZYW  
　　2.　表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 > im4'-  
　　Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. >Ww F0W9?  
　　3. 以-s结尾的专有名词(linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等)，谓语通常用单数形式。 g}7B0 yo  
　　4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 TnrMR1Zx  
　　Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). .0 K8h:I  
　　5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 {_JLmyaerZ  
　　Everyone knows that you’ve come here. qi$8GX=~r  
　　If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back.　　(--thing 的情况例外) E*$:~w  
　　6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致(as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等) <5 +?&i  
　　He no less than John is interested in literature. l d@^$  
　　7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) &*}S 0  
　　Either my father or my brothers are coming. 0WFZx Ad"  
　　8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 f55Ev<oOa  
　　Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. 6m]L{ buP  
　　真题剖析 mMR[(  
　　(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year,　54 of urbanization ever recorded. w?[)nlNW  
　　53. A. none qy!G &  
　　B. few cb+!H>+  
　　C. any 4xlsdq8`t  
　　D. some .F]6uXd  
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五考博英语语法：倒装　　全部倒装 o)$sZ{` ="  
　　1. “There (Here) +be+主语” ,Ya&M@^Z  
　　There stand big buildings in this district. bx@CzXre;  
　　Here on the desk lies a pile of books. 0-5:"SN'  
　　2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) H=dj\B r`  
　　In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. 6V8"[0U