长难句 aX;A==>
第一节：非谓语动词 F|>05 >8
1．In the American economy, the concept of private property embraces not only the ownershipofproductiveresourcesbutalsocertainrights,includingtherighttodeterminethe MaO"#{i
price ofaproductor tomake afree contract with another private individual. <47k @Ym
2．Arguingfromtheviewthathumansaredifferentfromanimalsineveryrelevantrespect, extremists ofthis kindthinkthatanimalslie outsidetheareaof moralchoice. s
=D f `
第二节：名词性从句 [E7
MsX
一 主语从句 ?]c+j1 i
1.Thatasmuchas one-fourth ofall timber harvested is notusedprovedto befalse. [ $pmPr2
9Hd;35 3Q
2.Itisoneofthe mostunpleasantdiscoverieswhichweallmakethatwemustdeclineinthis way, thatifweescapewars,accidentsanddiseasesweshalleventuallydieofoldage,and that this happens atarate whichdiffers little fromperson toperson, so that there are heavyodds in favor ofourdyingbetweenthe ages ofsixty-five andeighty. 5,1{Tv`
二 宾语从句 p~&BChBl!=
1. Somephilosophers arguethat rightsexist onlywithinasocialcontract, aspart ofan exchange ofduties andentitlements. _%~$'H y
.6
3=(o
2. Itwasnecessaryto recognizethattheseinstitutions whicharebased on thesamepremises, letus saythesupernatural,mustbeconsideredtogether,our own amongtherest. qj!eLA-aD
三 表语从句 ZtK\HDdp
1. Theironyofthehistorian’scraftisthatitspractitionersalwaysknowthattheireffortsare butcontributionsto an unending process. n2 {S V
[84F0 9HU
2. Galileo’s greatest glory was that in 1609 he was the first person toturn the newly invented telescopeon the heavensto prove thattheplanetsrevolvearound the sunrather than around theearth. glE^ t6 )
四 同位语从句 _OMpIdY,R*
1. Influencedbytheviewofsometwentieth-centuryfeministsthatwomen’spositionwithin the family is one of the central factors determining women’s social position, some historianshave underestimated thesignificance ofthewomansuffragemovement. MV0Lq:# N
2. Thismodernfaithinmedicines is proved bythefactthatthe annualdrugbilloftheHealth Servicesismountingtoastronomicalfigures andshowsnosigns atpresentofceasing to rise. 6?qDdVR~]
第三节：定语从句 s
=Umj'1k
1. Besides,thisisunlikelytoproducetheneedednumberofeverykindofprofessionalina KL [ek
G_ >G'2
cK@jmGj+
country aslarge as ours andwhere theeconomy is spread over somanystates andinvolves somanyinternationalcorporations. /6K Il
3GH(wSv9\
2. Silicon Valley is a magnet to which numerous talented engineers, scientists and entrepreneursfromoverseasflockinsearchoffame,fastmoneyandtoparticipateina technologicalrevolutionwhoseimpactonmankindwillsurelysurpasstheepoch-making European Renaissance andIndustrial Revolution ofthebygoneage. RO&H5m r%@
第四节：状语从句 UG;Y^?Ppe5
1. Thegreaterinterestinexceptionalchildrenshowninpubliceducationoverthepastthree decadesindicates thestrongfeelinginoursocietythatallcitizens, whatevertheir special conditions,deservetheopportunity tofullydeveloptheir capabilities. ?+0GfIV
X[](Kj^`<
2. Initiallythebraincanfunctionnormallyasitlosesdopaminergicneuronsin thesubstantia nigra, eventhough itcannotreplacethedead cells. T6#CK
第五节：并列结构 47r&8C+&\
1. Childrenwillplaywithdollsequippedwithpersonalitychips,computerswith in-built personalities willberegardedasworkmatesrather thantools,relaxation willbe in frontof smell-television,anddigitalage willhavearrived. t<j^q`;@v
\.uc06
2. The role of natural selection in evolution was formulated only as little more than a hundredyearsage,andtheselectiveroleoftheenvironmentinshapingandmaintaining thebehavior oftheindividual is onlybeginning to berecognized andstudied. ]y@F8$D!
第六节：强调结构 FT.,%2
强调结构是指在句子当中，有时为了突出句子的某些成分以加强语气，增强情感色彩或 加强对比，需要改变句子结构，这种结构叫做强调结构 :hRs`=d"r
8RW&r
1Do(does/did)+原形动词表强调 此种结构来强调谓语动词，往往只用于一般现在时或一般过去时的肯定句或肯定结构的 FLZWZ
;
祈使句，不适用于"be"动词 ln!'_ \{
2Itis/was...that(who)结构表强调 7.Kc:7
3 强调部分提前 C? 4JXW
px;/8 c-
1. Thus, intheAmericaneconomicsystemitis thedemandsofindividualconsumers,coupled with thedesireofbusinessmen tomaximizeprofitsandthedesireofindividualsto maximize their incomes, that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used toproduce it. E.`U`L
!v.9"!'
N
2. Itisanimalsandplantswhichlivedinornearwaterwhoseremainsaremostlikelytobe preserved,foroneof thenecessaryconditionsofpreservationis quickburial,and itisonly intheseasandrivers,and sometimes lakes,wheremudandsilthavebeencontinuously deposited,thatbodies andthelike can be rapidlycovered over andpreserved. nmU_N:Y
.|qK +Hnc
cO2& VC
第七节：比较结构 x NK1h- t
英语中，比较结构的句型复杂，表现形式多样。在翻译的时候，需要仔细分析，在准确 理解的基础上，才能进行贴切的表达。所以，从理解与表达的角度来看，比较的形式是次要 的，真正重要的是意义上的比较。只要意义上表示比较，就属于比较句式。常见的比较结构 的意义很容易理解，所以也比较容易翻译，如：I am tallerthan he.（我比他高）。因此，这 里不再叙述基本比较结构的翻译方法，而主要介绍在意义上容易混淆的比较结构的翻译。 wC_l@7 t
一、as…as…句型 #H?t!DU
（一）as…as…句型 /iC;%r1L
as…as…句型是同级比较，表示两者比较程度一样。所以在翻译的时候，通常翻译为“… |'O[7 u
T
和….一样”。 51C2u)HE
（二）notas (or so)…as…句型 f/,>%j=Ms
跟as…as…句型相反的结构notas(orso)…as…表示两者的程度不一样，前者不如后者， 所以，通常翻译为“…不如…”。 CT9
（三）notsomuch…as…句型 ^N}Wnk7ks'
not somuch…as…通常翻译为“与其说…不如说…”。 :<Y}l-x
（四）notsomuch as…句型 9^"b*&>P
not somuchas…这个结构相当于“noteven…”，所以通常翻译为“甚至不…，甚至没有…”。 请注意与not somuch…as…这个结构的区别。 VV4Gj c
Hecannot somuchas spella word. 他甚至连一个词也不会写。 g]c[O*NTL
二、比较级+thantodo…句型 `p
b5*h6r!
由比较级与than todosth.结合在一起的句型，通常翻译为“不至于做某事”。 s >k Uh
I hada bettercommand ofEnglish than tomakesuch foolish mistakes. Ji1Pz)fq
我的英语学得很好，不至于犯这样愚蠢的错误。 j"^ +o xH
h&
.wo !
三、more…than…句型 P g9hW
（一）more Athan B句型 hz;|N
W{u
A比B多 4(}J.-B
是A而不是B 与其说B不如说A less Athan B句型 A比B少 Jd\apBIf
是B而不是A 9Zry]$0~R
与其说A不如说B *<N3_tx"
（二）morethan…句型
MV_Srz
在英语中，如果more than…句型后面所跟的词性不相同，意义也不尽相同，所以应该 用不同的汉语词来翻译。 E Tp%s{8
1．morethan后面接数词，表示“多于…，….以上”的意思。 H>9CW<8
2．morethan后面接名词或者动词，表示“不只是…”的意思。 yR{x}DbG
3．morethan后面接形容词、副词或者分词，表示“极其，非常”的意思。 Fh v/[j^X
4．morethan…can…则表示“难以…，完全不能…”的意思。 (,^*So/
（三）nomore…than…句型 x!\ONF5$
1. nomore Athan B 43?^ 7_l-
notAanymorethan B ikWtC]y
<YA&Dr3OD
?USQlnr:R/
A不是B也不是 8WE{5#oi
2.noless Athan B A是B也是 {G <kA(Lm
o6f_l^+H
1. Science, in practice, depends far less on the experiments it prepares than on the preparedness of themindsof themenwhowatchtheexperiments. UA
R5^
LIg{J%
2. Theseproposalssoughttoplacegreaterrestrictionsontheuseandcopyingofdigital informationthan existintraditionalmedia. R52I=
a5,*
Ii7QJ:^
第八节：否定结构 aP'"G^F
英语中的否定结构是翻译中的一个常见而以比较复杂质问题。由于英汉两种语言在表达 方法上存在很大差异，尤其在表达否定概念上，英语在用词、语法和逻辑等方面与汉语都有 很大不同。有些英语否定句译成汉语后却变成了肯定形式，而另一些肯定句型译成汉语后又 往往变成否定形式。在翻译过程中，这些否定句就象陷阱一样，稍有不慎，就会掉入其中。 因此翻译否定结构时，切不可望文生义，而必须细心揣摩，真正透彻理解其意义，然后根据 汉语的表达习惯进行翻译。只有正确地理解英语中的各种否定句型，才能使译文准确、恰当 地表达出原文的含义。 ikE<=:pe
1 形式肯定但意义否定 morethan can… anythingbut… ~|wbP6</:-
may (might)aswell… \{Q?^E
too…todo too…forn s2j[ 'g5
2 形式否定但意义肯定 cyxuK *x<
not…until（直到……才），not…too（越……越好），nonebut（只有），nothingbut（只有）， nothingmorethan（仅仅），no sooner…than（刚一……就），hardly…when…（刚一……就）,not only…butalso(不仅……而且)，not…longbefore（很快就），nomorethan（仅仅，只是），no other than（只有，正是） g$dsd^{O7
3 否定谓语转换为否定状语 英语原文否定谓语，翻译成汉语时，需要把否定转移到状语上。 Hedoesn’tstudy inthe classroom. 他不在教室里学习。 7d92 Pe
4 主句的否定转换为从句的否定 英语原文否定主句，而翻译成汉语的时候，需要把否定转移到从句上。这样 结构常常 e #/E~r&
是not…because….，可以翻译为“并不是因为…才…”。 R |KD&!~Z
She did notcomebecauseshe wanted to seeme. 6_N(;6kx(
Kscd}f)yx?
1. Thecontemporaryphenomenonofcarworshipistobeexplainednotleastbythesenseof independence andfreedomthat ownership entails. m S k5u 7
2. Childrenoftodaydonotautomaticallybecomemoresophisticatedbecausetheyhave access tomoreinformationthan children ofthepast.
+cU>k}
O
Fje +S
r!
Ay :r
第九节：倒装结构 ,vW:}&U
1. Forexample,theydonotcompensateforgrosssocialinequality,andthisdonottellhow able an underprivileged youngstermighthave been hadhegrown up under morefavorable circumstances. fib}b? vk
2. Acultureinwhichthecitizenssharesimilarreligiousbeliefsandvaluesismorelikelyto havelawsthatrepresentthewishesofitspeoplethanisaculturewherecitizenscome fromdiversebackgrounds. 5 q "ON)x
第十节：分裂结构 9'hv%A:\3
1. Whilewarningsareoftenappropriateandnecessary----thedangersofdruginteractions, for example----and manyare required bystate or federalregulations,itisn’tclear thatthey actuallyprotectthemanufacturers andsellersfromliabilityifacustomer isinjured. G\NPV '
9W5onn
2. Odd thoughitsounds,cosmic inflation isascientificallyplausible consequence ofsome respected ideasinelementary-particlephysics,and manyastrophysicists havebeen convinced forthebetter partof adecadethat it istrue. {mB0rKVm
q&:=<+2"
