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第一节：非谓语动词 b sMC#xT
1．In the American economy, the concept of private property embraces not only the ownershipofproductiveresourcesbutalsocertainrights,includingtherighttodeterminethe \Qp}|n1JY
price ofaproductor tomake afree contract with another private individual. XWc|[>iO
2．Arguingfromtheviewthathumansaredifferentfromanimalsineveryrelevantrespect, extremists ofthis kindthinkthatanimalslie outsidetheareaof moralchoice. &'NQ)Dn
第二节：名词性从句 Px$'(eMj^3
一 主语从句 Od*v5qT;$
1.Thatasmuchas one-fourth ofall timber harvested is notusedprovedto befalse. d {?)q
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2.Itisoneofthe mostunpleasantdiscoverieswhichweallmakethatwemustdeclineinthis way, thatifweescapewars,accidentsanddiseasesweshalleventuallydieofoldage,and that this happens atarate whichdiffers little fromperson toperson, so that there are heavyodds in favor ofourdyingbetweenthe ages ofsixty-five andeighty. F6~b#Jz&i
二 宾语从句 +<H !3sW
1. Somephilosophers arguethat rightsexist onlywithinasocialcontract, aspart ofan exchange ofduties andentitlements. ADTU{6UPS
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2. Itwasnecessaryto recognizethattheseinstitutions whicharebased on thesamepremises, letus saythesupernatural,mustbeconsideredtogether,our own amongtherest. VN?<[#ij
三 表语从句 h!Z Z2[
1. Theironyofthehistorian’scraftisthatitspractitionersalwaysknowthattheireffortsare butcontributionsto an unending process. 9'D8[p%
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2. Galileo’s greatest glory was that in 1609 he was the first person toturn the newly invented telescopeon the heavensto prove thattheplanetsrevolvearound the sunrather than around theearth. >Zi|$@7t-
四 同位语从句 HE9.
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1. Influencedbytheviewofsometwentieth-centuryfeministsthatwomen’spositionwithin the family is one of the central factors determining women’s social position, some historianshave underestimated thesignificance ofthewomansuffragemovement. :m)c[q8
2. Thismodernfaithinmedicines is proved bythefactthatthe annualdrugbilloftheHealth Servicesismountingtoastronomicalfigures andshowsnosigns atpresentofceasing to rise. Pxap;;\
第三节：定语从句 !d/`[9jY
1. Besides,thisisunlikelytoproducetheneedednumberofeverykindofprofessionalina ;<86P3 S
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country aslarge as ours andwhere theeconomy is spread over somanystates andinvolves somanyinternationalcorporations. 9c#L{in
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2. Silicon Valley is a magnet to which numerous talented engineers, scientists and entrepreneursfromoverseasflockinsearchoffame,fastmoneyandtoparticipateina technologicalrevolutionwhoseimpactonmankindwillsurelysurpasstheepoch-making European Renaissance andIndustrial Revolution ofthebygoneage. /M5=tW# e
第四节：状语从句 S^*(ALFPj
1. Thegreaterinterestinexceptionalchildrenshowninpubliceducationoverthepastthree decadesindicates thestrongfeelinginoursocietythatallcitizens, whatevertheir special conditions,deservetheopportunity tofullydeveloptheir capabilities. pIk4V/ fy
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2. Initiallythebraincanfunctionnormallyasitlosesdopaminergicneuronsin thesubstantia nigra, eventhough itcannotreplacethedead cells. KB$ vQ@N
第五节：并列结构 = .fc"R|<K
1. Childrenwillplaywithdollsequippedwithpersonalitychips,computerswith in-built personalities willberegardedasworkmatesrather thantools,relaxation willbe in frontof smell-television,anddigitalage willhavearrived. 1Al
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2. The role of natural selection in evolution was formulated only as little more than a hundredyearsage,andtheselectiveroleoftheenvironmentinshapingandmaintaining thebehavior oftheindividual is onlybeginning to berecognized andstudied. E;ndw/GZjR
第六节：强调结构 J$o[$G_Z
强调结构是指在句子当中，有时为了突出句子的某些成分以加强语气，增强情感色彩或 加强对比，需要改变句子结构，这种结构叫做强调结构 qdg= Imx
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1Do(does/did)+原形动词表强调 此种结构来强调谓语动词，往往只用于一般现在时或一般过去时的肯定句或肯定结构的 H{p[G hp
祈使句，不适用于"be"动词 B' <O)"1w
2Itis/was...that(who)结构表强调 2nOe^X!*
3 强调部分提前 &@Ji+
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1. Thus, intheAmericaneconomicsystemitis thedemandsofindividualconsumers,coupled with thedesireofbusinessmen tomaximizeprofitsandthedesireofindividualsto maximize their incomes, that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used toproduce it. ~c WLu5
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2. Itisanimalsandplantswhichlivedinornearwaterwhoseremainsaremostlikelytobe preserved,foroneof thenecessaryconditionsofpreservationis quickburial,and itisonly intheseasandrivers,and sometimes lakes,wheremudandsilthavebeencontinuously deposited,thatbodies andthelike can be rapidlycovered over andpreserved. D(W7O>5vQ2
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第七节：比较结构 CVn;RF6
英语中，比较结构的句型复杂，表现形式多样。在翻译的时候，需要仔细分析，在准确 理解的基础上，才能进行贴切的表达。所以，从理解与表达的角度来看，比较的形式是次要 的，真正重要的是意义上的比较。只要意义上表示比较，就属于比较句式。常见的比较结构 的意义很容易理解，所以也比较容易翻译，如：I am tallerthan he.（我比他高）。因此，这 里不再叙述基本比较结构的翻译方法，而主要介绍在意义上容易混淆的比较结构的翻译。 pw(*X,gj
一、as…as…句型 dvH67 x
（一）as…as…句型 WoN]eO
as…as…句型是同级比较，表示两者比较程度一样。所以在翻译的时候，通常翻译为“… J@&$U7t
和….一样”。 @5 POgQ 8
（二）notas (or so)…as…句型 cc# _acR
跟as…as…句型相反的结构notas(orso)…as…表示两者的程度不一样，前者不如后者， 所以，通常翻译为“…不如…”。 {;wK,dU
（三）notsomuch…as…句型 \p_8YC
not somuch…as…通常翻译为“与其说…不如说…”。 p5D3J[?N
（四）notsomuch as…句型 ?7uStqa
not somuchas…这个结构相当于“noteven…”，所以通常翻译为“甚至不…，甚至没有…”。 请注意与not somuch…as…这个结构的区别。 ^U|CNB%.
Hecannot somuchas spella word. 他甚至连一个词也不会写。 .
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二、比较级+thantodo…句型 L >K39z~,
由比较级与than todosth.结合在一起的句型，通常翻译为“不至于做某事”。 #gr+%=S'6C
I hada bettercommand ofEnglish than tomakesuch foolish mistakes. :D )&>{?
我的英语学得很好，不至于犯这样愚蠢的错误。 bU@>1>b6lE
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三、more…than…句型 Xj&~N;Ysb
（一）more Athan B句型 B[k+#Y YY
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是A而不是B 与其说B不如说A less Athan B句型 A比B少 GqF.T #|
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与其说A不如说B `
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（二）morethan…句型 Yk*57&QI
在英语中，如果more than…句型后面所跟的词性不相同，意义也不尽相同，所以应该 用不同的汉语词来翻译。 DG%%]
1．morethan后面接数词，表示“多于…，….以上”的意思。 )}g4Rvr
2．morethan后面接名词或者动词，表示“不只是…”的意思。 "Y J;-$rb
3．morethan后面接形容词、副词或者分词，表示“极其，非常”的意思。 'V*M_o(\
4．morethan…can…则表示“难以…，完全不能…”的意思。 d$C|hT
（三）nomore…than…句型 @):NNbtA
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2.noless Athan B A是B也是 ^# g;" K0
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1. Science, in practice, depends far less on the experiments it prepares than on the preparedness of themindsof themenwhowatchtheexperiments. ur quVb
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2. Theseproposalssoughttoplacegreaterrestrictionsontheuseandcopyingofdigital informationthan existintraditionalmedia. g|*eN{g]uE
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第八节：否定结构 A2FU}Ym0=
英语中的否定结构是翻译中的一个常见而以比较复杂质问题。由于英汉两种语言在表达 方法上存在很大差异，尤其在表达否定概念上，英语在用词、语法和逻辑等方面与汉语都有 很大不同。有些英语否定句译成汉语后却变成了肯定形式，而另一些肯定句型译成汉语后又 往往变成否定形式。在翻译过程中，这些否定句就象陷阱一样，稍有不慎，就会掉入其中。 因此翻译否定结构时，切不可望文生义，而必须细心揣摩，真正透彻理解其意义，然后根据 汉语的表达习惯进行翻译。只有正确地理解英语中的各种否定句型，才能使译文准确、恰当 地表达出原文的含义。 GZ>% &^E
1 形式肯定但意义否定 morethan can… anythingbut… YD>>YaH_3@
may (might)aswell… Y8xnvK*
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2 形式否定但意义肯定 =id $
not…until（直到……才），not…too（越……越好），nonebut（只有），nothingbut（只有）， nothingmorethan（仅仅），no sooner…than（刚一……就），hardly…when…（刚一……就）,not only…butalso(不仅……而且)，not…longbefore（很快就），nomorethan（仅仅，只是），no other than（只有，正是） S G o:FG
3 否定谓语转换为否定状语 英语原文否定谓语，翻译成汉语时，需要把否定转移到状语上。 Hedoesn’tstudy inthe classroom. 他不在教室里学习。 KO;6 1y:
4 主句的否定转换为从句的否定 英语原文否定主句，而翻译成汉语的时候，需要把否定转移到从句上。这样 结构常常 )h!l%72
是not…because….，可以翻译为“并不是因为…才…”。 QKk
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She did notcomebecauseshe wanted to seeme. 40sLZa)e
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1. Thecontemporaryphenomenonofcarworshipistobeexplainednotleastbythesenseof independence andfreedomthat ownership entails. 5K-)X9z?
2. Childrenoftodaydonotautomaticallybecomemoresophisticatedbecausetheyhave access tomoreinformationthan children ofthepast. g>-[-z$E3
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第九节：倒装结构 "{xv|C<*n
1. Forexample,theydonotcompensateforgrosssocialinequality,andthisdonottellhow able an underprivileged youngstermighthave been hadhegrown up under morefavorable circumstances. =8 D4:Ds
2. Acultureinwhichthecitizenssharesimilarreligiousbeliefsandvaluesismorelikelyto havelawsthatrepresentthewishesofitspeoplethanisaculturewherecitizenscome fromdiversebackgrounds. H?^#zj`Ex+
第十节：分裂结构 pREY AZh
1. Whilewarningsareoftenappropriateandnecessary----thedangersofdruginteractions, for example----and manyare required bystate or federalregulations,itisn’tclear thatthey actuallyprotectthemanufacturers andsellersfromliabilityifacustomer isinjured. * c
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2. Odd thoughitsounds,cosmic inflation isascientificallyplausible consequence ofsome respected ideasinelementary-particlephysics,and manyastrophysicists havebeen convinced forthebetter partof adecadethat it istrue. /8HO7E+5
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