英语表示倍数增减或倍数对比的句型多种多样,其中有 一些(如下文中的句型②、⑤、⑥、⑧、(12) 等, 见圈码)很容易译错——其主要原因在于:英汉两语在 表述或对比倍数方面存在着语言与思维差异。现将常 用的英语倍数句型及其正确译法归纳如下: >Vc;s!R
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(一) A is n times as great(long,much,…)as B.(①) BQ!v\1'C
A is n times greater (longer, more,…)than B.(②) +LFh}-X{_
A is n times the size (length, amount,…)of B.(③) xc{$=>'G
以上三句都应译为;A的大小(长度,数量,……)是B的n倍[或A比B大(长,多,……)n-1倍]. n=Qz7N(M
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Eg. This book is three times as long as (three times longer than,three times the length of )that one. U0>Uqk",
这本书的篇幅是那本书的3倍(即长两倍)。 0*$? =E
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注:当相比的对象B很明显时,than(as,of)B常被省去。 o&WKk5$
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(二)increase to n times(④) )2vkaR
increase n times/n-fold(⑤) {Aq2}sRl{
increase by n times(⑥) cl3@+v1
increase by a factor of n(⑦) BhFyEY(
以上四式均应译为:增加到n倍(或:增加n-1倍)。 !| ObNS
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Eg. The production of integrated circuits has been increased to three times as compared with last year. Z'/sZ3Q}
The output of chemical fertilizer has been raised five times as against l986. Qmbl_#
化肥产量比1986年增加了4倍。 ;(0<5LQ
That can increase metabolic rates by two or three times. .] gY{_|x
那可使代谢率提高到原来的2倍或3倍(即提高1倍或2倍)。 nG Bjxhl
The drain voltage has been increased by a factor of four. F,F1Axf
漏电压增加了3借(即增加到原来的4倍)。 $/R r|<
注:在这类句型中increase常被raise,grow,go/step up,multiply等词所替代。 ^R;Qa#=2
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(三)There is a n-fold increase/growth…(⑧) #@qd.,]2
应译为:增加n-倍(或增至n倍)。这个句型还有其它一些形式: LS(J%\hMDm
Eg. A record high increase in value of four times was reported. 0J
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据报道,价值破记录地增长了3倍。 Gh.@l\|tf
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(四)double (增加1倍),treble(增加2倍),quadruple(增加3倍)。(⑨) B`I9
Eg. The efficiency of the machines has been more than trebled or quadrupled. vBRW5@
这些机器的效率已提高了2倍或3倍多。 T][r'jWQ
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(五)此外,英语中还有一种用again而不用倍数词来比较倍数的方法,如: dF
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A is as much (large,long,…)again as B.(= A is twice as much (large,long,…)as B.(⑩) )'pc 1I
应译为:A比B多(大,长,……)1倍。 }iu(-{Z
A is half as much (large, 1ong,…)again as B. 4pkTOQq_tQ
【= A is one and a half times as much (large, 1ong,…)as B.】(11) e1d);m$
应译为:A比B多(大,长……)一半(即A是B的一倍半)。 >%PPp.R
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倍数减少 }3rWmo8V
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(一)A is n times as small (light,slow,…)as B.(12) $IdY(f:.:5
A is n times smaller (lighter, slower,…) than B.(13) kJy
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以上两句均应译为:A的大小(重量,速度,……)是B的1/n[或A比B小(轻,慢,……)(n-1)/n]。 \q |n0>
Eg. The hydrogen atom is near1y l6 times as light as the oxygen atom. #!h +K"wX
氢原子的重量约为氧原子的1/16(即比氧原子约轻15/16)。 q^.\8zFf
Eg. This sort of membrane is twice thinner than ordinary paper. `/1Zy}cD
这种薄膜比普通纸张要薄一半(即是普通纸厚度的1/2)。 e.Y*=P}D
注:当相比的对象B很明显时,than/as B常被省去。 rwRb
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(二)decrease n times/n--fold (14) ;4g_~fB
decrease by n times(15) O8J:Tw}M*
decrease by a factor of n(16) CYxrKW
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以上三式均译为:减少到1/n[或:减少(n-1)/n]。 N]p|c3D
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decrease常被reduce, shorten, go/slow down等词替代。 +]!`>
Eg. Switching time of the new-type transistor is shortened 3 times.
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新型晶体管的开关时间缩短了1/3(即缩短到2/3)。 4]\t6,Cz8
Eg. When the voltage is stepped up by ten times, the strength of the current is stepped down by ten times. v7l4g&