英语表示倍数增减或倍数对比的句型多种多样,其中有 一些(如下文中的句型②、⑤、⑥、⑧、(12) 等, 见圈码)很容易译错——其主要原因在于:英汉两语在 表述或对比倍数方面存在着语言与思维差异。现将常 用的英语倍数句型及其正确译法归纳如下: /!H24[tnk1
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(一) A is n times as great(long,much,…)as B.(①) SP%X@~d
A is n times greater (longer, more,…)than B.(②) i<ES/U\
A is n times the size (length, amount,…)of B.(③) "^4*,41U
以上三句都应译为;A的大小(长度,数量,……)是B的n倍[或A比B大(长,多,……)n-1倍]. if'=W6W
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Eg. This book is three times as long as (three times longer than,three times the length of )that one. H:
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这本书的篇幅是那本书的3倍(即长两倍)。 oKn$g[,SJh
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注:当相比的对象B很明显时,than(as,of)B常被省去。 $wM..ee
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(二)increase to n times(④) )la3GT*1mS
increase n times/n-fold(⑤) Z|qI[ui O
increase by n times(⑥) s@L ;3WdO
increase by a factor of n(⑦) Mq91HmC(@
以上四式均应译为:增加到n倍(或:增加n-1倍)。 FS"Ja`>j~
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Eg. The production of integrated circuits has been increased to three times as compared with last year. .F ?ww}2p]
The output of chemical fertilizer has been raised five times as against l986. "Da1BuX\
化肥产量比1986年增加了4倍。 ika*w
That can increase metabolic rates by two or three times. }%XB*pzQ
那可使代谢率提高到原来的2倍或3倍(即提高1倍或2倍)。 Szzj9K
The drain voltage has been increased by a factor of four. 1sXCu|\q
漏电压增加了3借(即增加到原来的4倍)。 _f!ko<52
注:在这类句型中increase常被raise,grow,go/step up,multiply等词所替代。 M{L<aYe
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(三)There is a n-fold increase/growth…(⑧) URVW5c
应译为:增加n-倍(或增至n倍)。这个句型还有其它一些形式: qK'mF#n0#
Eg. A record high increase in value of four times was reported. #.Dl1L/
据报道,价值破记录地增长了3倍。 3Y P! B=
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(四)double (增加1倍),treble(增加2倍),quadruple(增加3倍)。(⑨) 72|g zm
Eg. The efficiency of the machines has been more than trebled or quadrupled. z"6o|]9I
这些机器的效率已提高了2倍或3倍多。 }P2*MrkcHB
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(五)此外,英语中还有一种用again而不用倍数词来比较倍数的方法,如: Dml?.-Uv<
A is as much (large,long,…)again as B.(= A is twice as much (large,long,…)as B.(⑩) iB0r+IbR
应译为:A比B多(大,长,……)1倍。 ZvuY]=^3
A is half as much (large, 1ong,…)again as B. 7UBW3{d/u5
【= A is one and a half times as much (large, 1ong,…)as B.】(11) bN?*p($/
应译为:A比B多(大,长……)一半(即A是B的一倍半)。 ,8*A#cT
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倍数减少 -AnJLFY
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(一)A is n times as small (light,slow,…)as B.(12) u9;3Xn8
A is n times smaller (lighter, slower,…) than B.(13) T72Li"00
以上两句均应译为:A的大小(重量,速度,……)是B的1/n[或A比B小(轻,慢,……)(n-1)/n]。 -)J*(7F(6^
Eg. The hydrogen atom is near1y l6 times as light as the oxygen atom. KUW )F
氢原子的重量约为氧原子的1/16(即比氧原子约轻15/16)。 +4t
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Eg. This sort of membrane is twice thinner than ordinary paper. =YYqgNz+\w
这种薄膜比普通纸张要薄一半(即是普通纸厚度的1/2)。 =2Ju)!%wr
注:当相比的对象B很明显时,than/as B常被省去。 ;Qd'G7+
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(二)decrease n times/n--fold (14) #5;4O{
decrease by n times(15) H{P
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decrease by a factor of n(16) (N}\Wft%
以上三式均译为:减少到1/n[或:减少(n-1)/n]。 BI2'NN\
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decrease常被reduce, shorten, go/slow down等词替代。
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Eg. Switching time of the new-type transistor is shortened 3 times. ,vi6<C\
新型晶体管的开关时间缩短了1/3(即缩短到2/3)。 L-W*h
Eg. When the voltage is stepped up by ten times, the strength of the current is stepped down by ten times. };(2 na
电压升高9倍,电流强度便降低9/10(即90%)。 ~O;?;
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Eg. The equipment reduced the error probability by a factor of 5. ^-#:T
该设备误差概率降低了4/5。 f$nZogaQ
(三)There is a n-fold decrease/reduction… 1\f8-:C
应译为:减至1/n [或:减少(n一1)/n]。(17) t I+]x]m+
这个句型还有其它一些形式, ZCuh
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Eg. A rapid decrease by a factor of 7 was observed. A|L-;P NP
发现迅速减少到1/7。 '\7&I