医学考博英语破题技巧－－－写作部分

第1页 tTMYqgzUk  
英语作文的总体评分原则（内容与语言两个方面） 8$+mST'4N  
记分标准如下： 2+2Gl7" s  
EU@ BNja  
13-15（20－17）分：内容切题，包括题中所列三方面的内容：清楚表达其内涵，文字连贯；句式有变化，句子结构和用词正确。文章长度符合要求。 '\MYC8"  
　　10-12（16－13）分：内容切题，包括题中所列三方面的内容；比较清楚地表达其内涵；文字基本连贯；句式有一定变化，句子结构和用词无重大错误。文章长度符合要求。 R7q\^Yzo  
　　7-9（12－9）分：内容切题，基本包括题中所列三方面的内容：基本清楚地表达其内涵；句子结构和用词有少量错误。文章长度符合要求。 %|tDb  
　　4-6（8－5）分：内容基本功题，基本包含题中所列三方面的内容；语句可以理解，但有较多的句子结构和词错误。文章长度基本符合要求。 x'4q`xDa  
　　1-3（ 4－1）分：基本按要求写作，但只有少数句子可理解。 GV+K] KDI  
　　0分：文不切题，语句混乱、无法理解。 !R;NV|.eI6  
因此，一篇好的作文应基本达到： Z8X=Md8=  
　　1） 有较好的写作基础，文章流畅，遣词造句不当，文章结构完整，内容符合要求； [eb?Fd~WB]  
　　2） 语法基本正确； \-]zXKl2k  
　　3） 句法基本准确，句子与句子段落之间过渡连贯； p>g5WebB N  
　　4） 有一定词汇量，字数符合要求； [{i"Au]  
　　5） 说理清楚，内容充实。 #K:!s<_"  
6） 就小作文而言，还要做到格式与语域正确。 MsaD@JY.y  
7） 书写干净整洁。如果书写较差，以致影响交际，分数会降低一个档次。 0gLl>tF[H  
考生出现的问题 IzuYkl}  
不会审题 zeHf(N  
用汉语思维，逐字翻译。 tRl01&0S  
用词搭配不当。 isG8S(}IW&  
词汇量小，拼写困难。 .+@;gVZx1  
句子逻辑关系混乱。 R/_bk7o]H  
Our English class often told stories. : aIS>
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应改为：We often told stories in our English class. i-<1M|f  
不会应用关联词转承上下句子和段落。 j
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People learn English to use it , Some learn it to study or work abroad . Others learn it to read books and magazines in English or have something to do with English-speaking foreigners.采用适当关联词，改进为:people learn English for practical purposes :some learn it to study or work abroad, while others learn it to read or communicate in English. ~$WBcqo  
语法错误。 1 +0-VRl  
　　i. 分不清及物与不及物动词，例如：rise和raise; hear和listen等 3tt3:`g  
　　ii. 被动与主动语态的误用，例如：interesting和interested; speaking和spoken 等； 7gk}f%,3P  
　　iii. 词类混淆，将动词或形容词误作名词用，将名词和动词误作形容词用等；例如：benefit和beneficial; difficult和difficulty; pleasure和pleased等。 8JFns-5  
　　iv. 混淆可数名词与不可数名词，例如:help, practice 等。 yx@%x?B  
　　v. 冠词、情态动词、介词、代词等方面的错误，例如：a English book, should did, must done等。 [f1'Qb  
有选择性的记住一些套话或短语：段落连接 9GV1@'<Y]  
　　(1)“启”，常用于引导文章开头的过渡词有： C8xxR~mq  
It is often said that… mw\ z'  
Generally speaking…
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As the proverb says… C'wRF90  
It goes without saying that… Ue=Je~Ri;9  
It is clear/obvious that… ]RvFn~E!s  
Mary people often ask … Hdn%r<
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　　(2)“承”，常用于第一个扩展段开头的过渡词有： FJ/c(K  
It is true that… (\I9eBm  
Everybody knows that… _<8~CWo:  
It can be easily proved that… \C&[BQ\  
No one can deny that… 1Mtm?3Pt  
One thing which is equally important to the above mentioned is… 5Y3L  
The chief reason why …is that … _=\J:r|Y:  
We must recognize that… t|5T,YFG  
There is no doubt that… z{q
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I am of the opinion that… .XVW2ISv  
This can expressed as follows… MB!_G[R  
To take…for an example (instance) … blk4@pg  
Therefore we should realize that … %*A|hK+G:W  
We have reason to believe that… :,@\q0j"=  
We know that… dc+U#]tS  
What is more serious is that… @CUYl*.PD  
(3)“转”，常用于第二个扩展段开头的过渡词有： wyi%!H  
Another special consideration in this case is that … LK}*k/eG  
Besides, we should not neglect that… +@"Ls P  
However, … %S$+3q%F  
But the problem is not so simple, … k0(_0o  
Therefore… i>aIuQ`pe  
But it is a pity that… {2v,J]v_[  
On the other hand, … I yPk3N  
I do not believe that… LZI[5tA"  
Perhaps you’ll ask why… nc[Kh8N9  
This may be true, but we still have a problem with regard to… &*YFK/]  
Though we are in basic agreement with … ,vh$G 7D  
The trouble seems that… Q{:=z6&  
Yet differences will be found, that’s why I feel that… UID0|+%Y  
So long as you regard this as reasonable, you many… Rh :|ij>B  
　　(4)“合”，常用结尾段的过渡词有： l8~s#:v6X  
In a word, … hqW),^\>'  
In sum, … W'Y?X]
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In conclusion, … 8n"L4jb(:  
From this point of view, … [lz#+~rOS  
On account of this we can find that … )jPIBzMys  
The result is dependent on … VxAG=E
 
Therefore, these findings reveal the following information… <5]ufv  
Thus, this is the reason why we must… :%4N4| Q  
　　2.句子连接 X8\UTHT&0  
　　(1)“启” :LxsiDrF[  
in the first place at present Mc9JFzp  
currently it goes without saying that ?D_^8
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lately first 7tP qez#  
first of all now O)
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presently firstly AaLbJYuKd  
generally recently '>k1h.i  
in the beginning to begin with \k9]c3V  
to start with in general n/ZX$?tKAK  
　　(2)“承” Vj[hT~{f  
after a few days after a while 1$)}EL  
also at any arte +n>
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at the same time besides  c+upoM  
by this time certainly Jbn^G7vH<6  
consequently for example `4-N@h  
for instance for this purpose  OK(xG3T  
from now on furthermore yioX^`Fc(~  
in addition in addition to… GmH`ip i  
in fact in other words &EhOSu  
in particular in the same manner NpH9},1i  
incidentally indeed '<U 4D  
meanwhile moreover ,B#*<_?E5  
no doubt obviously +y^'\KN  
of course particularly A_Y5{6@  
second secondly `Y3\R#  
similarly so >c$3@
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soon still  s&iu+>  
then third XZ<8M}Lg  
thirdly truly nG%<n  
unlike… what is more 0|kH0c,T-  
　　(3)“转” Rh%A^j@  
after all all the same u%5
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anyway at the same time 7NkMr8[}F  
but by this time sJMpF8   
conversely despite… j_.tg7X  
especially… fortunately 4 |UtE<<b  
however in other words -EE }HUP)  
in particular in spite of… ]GDjR'[z  
in the same way likewise <Ira~N  
luckily nevertheless yZ)-=H  
no doubt not withstanding … S{Zf}8?6$  
on the contrary on the other hand })j N 8px  
otherwise perhaps… dM-~Qo
 
unfortunately unlike… xyHv7u%*  
whereas… yet 4]ko  
nonetheless as a matter of fact vGOO"r(xL  
(4)“合” DT
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above all accordingly ]G^9PZ-  
as a consequence as a result GcG$>&,  
as has been noted as I have said PAH#yM2Ic  
at last at length Tfx-h)oP3  
by and large briefly 4%4Yqx )  
by doing so consequently gGx<k3W^  
eventually finally AW'$5NF>  
hence in brief ""m/?TZq'  
in conclusion in short 'Er\68  
on the whole therefore N36B*9m&p  
thus to speak frankly +O)ZB$w4  
to sum up to summarize A-*MH#QUKh  
indeed surely b;nqhO[f}  
to conclude obviously %-BwK  
certainly truly CAmIwAx6;  
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常用句型 QU(Lv(/O  
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用于反驳性和比较性论文 Ocz21gl-?`  
1. In general, I don’t agree with cQsSJBZ[v5  
2. In my opinion, this point of view doesn’t hold water. m>?|*a,  
3. The chief reason why… is that… J% ZM V  
4.There is no true that… a54S,}|  
5. It is not true that… L">m2/ HG  
6. It can be easily denied than… eu?P6>urA  
7. We have no reason to believe that… ,b?G]WQrHs  
8. What is more serious is that… LR'~:46#u  
9. But it is pity that… d*=qqe H  
10. Besides, we should not neglect that… C%j@s|  
11. But the problem is not so simple. Therefore… = )4bf"~8  
12. Others may find this to be true, but I believer that… h
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13. Perhaps I was question why… O;T)u4Q&3  
14. There is a certain amount of truth in this, but we still have a problem with regard to… }=.C~f]A  
15. Though we are in basic agreement with…,but Q5u3~Q'e  
16. What seems to be the trouble is…  9*Fc+/  
17. Yet differences will be found, that’s why I feel that… \jS^+Xf?^  
18. It would be reasonable to take the view that …, but it would be foolish to claim that… K6
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19. There is in fact on reason for us so believe that… !!mGsgnW  
20. What these people fail to consider is that… < y"lL>JR  
21. It is one thing to insist that… , it is quite another to show that … Q5IN1 ^=HF  
22. Wonderful as A is , however, it has its own disadvantages too. 4{b/Nv:b  
23. The advantages of B are much greater than A. iR8;^C.aT  
24. A’s advantage sounds ridiculous when B’s advantages are taken into consideration. ,4}s 1J#  
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用于描写图表和数据 T(k:\z/  
1. It has increased by three times as compared with that of 1998. I;9DG8C&v*  
2. There is an increase of 20% in total this year. K qNsCT+j  
3. It has been increased by a factor of 4since 1995. %WYveY  
4. It would be expected to increase 5 times. 52F3r:Rk  
5. The table shows a three times increase over that of last year. >R.!Qze\G  
6. It was decreased twice than that of the year 1996. W;U<,g '  
7. The total number was lowered by 10%. J`wx72/-ZW  
8. It rose from 10-15 percent of the total this year. pvRa  
9. Compared with 1997, it fell from 15 to 10 percent. dQ#oY|a  
10. The number is 5 times as much as that of 1995. zCu+Oi6  
11. It has decreased almost two and half times, compared with… 9A}y^=!`  
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用于解释性和阐述性论说文 5o0H7k]  
1.Everybody knows that… ~Q=^YZgn8  
2.It can be easily proved that… ntZH O}'  
3. It is true that… j"&Oa&SH  
4. No one can deny that lnV!Xuf  
5. One thing which is equally important to the above mentioned is… cWI7];/d;  
6. The chief reason is that… AO8%!+"_  
7. We must recognize that… <,9rXjeRl  
8. There is on doubt that… ,~NJ}4wP  
9. I am of the opinion that…
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10. This can be expressed as follows;
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11. To take …for an example… mf2Qu  
12. We have reason to believe that ^YEMR C  
13. Now that we know that… =
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14. Among the most convincing reasons given, one should be mentioned… t\\<+^[%  
15. The change in …largely results from the fact that i\{fM}~W$  
16. There are several causes for this significant growth in…,first …,second …,finally… }/7rA)_  
17. A number of factors could account for the development in… YRj"]= 5N  
18. Perhaps the primary reason is… .?r}3C
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19. It is chiefly responsible of… #?bOAWAwLh  
20. The reasons for…are complicated, And probably they are found in the fact… O{=@c96rl  
21. Here are several possible reasons, excerpt that… F4g3l   
22. Somebody believes/argues/holds/insists/thinks that… =AeOkie  
23. It is not simple to give the reason for this complicated phenomenon… ,){WK|_  
24. Different people observes it in different ways. ~Ecx>f4nX  
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用于文章的开头  +qyx3c+  
1. As the proverb says… p%e />N.P  
2. It goes without saying tan… 44UN*_qG  
3. Generally speaking… ;oRgg'k<  
4. It is quite clear than because… w-``kID  
5. It is often said that … <z{,@Z}  
6. Many people often ask such question:“…？” e`%<D[-  
7. More and more people have come to realize… <
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8. There is no doubt that… aOW$H:b  
9. Some people believe that… *BQy$dfE  
10. These days we are often told that, but is this really the case? Qf|c^B  
11. One great man said that… \0^Je>-:U  
12. Recently the issue of… has been brought to public attention. k i{8f  
13. In the past several years there has been… nkz^^q`5l7  
14. Now it is commonly held that… but I doubt whether… ^+9i~PjL  
15. Currently there is a widespread concern that… P".rm0@R  
16. Now people in growing number are coming to realize that… v?S3G-r  
17. There is a general discussion today about the issue of … 7]8apei|  
18. Faced with…, quite a few people argue that…, but other people conceive differently. Gv6#LcF#  
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用于文章的结尾 @86I|cY  
1. from this point of view… 6 kAXE\T  
2. in a word… P64<O5l/  
3. in conclusion… 7gT^ZL  
4. on account of this we can find that… p}-B>v  
5. the result is dependent on… CrEC@5j  
6. therefore, these findings reveal the following information: 9AZpvQ  
7. thus, this is the reason why we must… 7.C~ OrGR  
8. to sum up … ykG^(.E  
9. as far as…be concerned, I believe that… %
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10. It is obvious that… Y  kc
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11. There is little doubt that… 66Xo3o  
12. There is no immediate solution to the problem of …, but …might be helpful Cb;49;q  
13. None of the solutions is quite satisfactory. The problem should be examined in a new way. dL>8|  
14. It is high time that we put considerable emphasis on… " IC0v9  
15. Taking into account all these factors, we may safely reach the conclustion that… 0o-KjX?kP  
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用于论证和说明 %jmL #IN)  
1. As it is described that… Y` tB5P  
2. It has been illustrated that… ^Euqy,8}  
3. It provides a good example of… $qh?$a  
4. We may cite another instance of… WY" `wM  
5. History man provides us with the examples of… wdTjJf r
 
6. A number of further facts may be added… zsha/:b  
7. The situation is not unique, it is typical of dozens I have heard. =$awUy  
8. A recent investigation indicate that… W&8
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9. According to the statistics provided … G,JNUok  
10. According to a latest study, it can be predicted… AF-uTf  
11. There is no sufficient evidence to show that… }o MY  
12. All available evidence points to the fact that… khtYn.eaL  
13. Examples given leads me to conclude that… q3-V_~5^/z  
14. It reveals the unquestionable fact that… @` Foy  
15. The idea may be proved by facts… !L_\6;aP,x  
16. All the facts suggest that… i$!-mYi+Q!  
17. No one can deny the fact that… J
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18. We may face the undeniable fact that… ^+zhzf J  
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