医学考博英语破题技巧－－－写作部分

第1页 uB;PaZG?{  
英语作文的总体评分原则（内容与语言两个方面） V8947h|&  
记分标准如下： 2 #_i_j  
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13-15（20－17）分：内容切题，包括题中所列三方面的内容：清楚表达其内涵，文字连贯；句式有变化，句子结构和用词正确。文章长度符合要求。 yP"D~u  
　　10-12（16－13）分：内容切题，包括题中所列三方面的内容；比较清楚地表达其内涵；文字基本连贯；句式有一定变化，句子结构和用词无重大错误。文章长度符合要求。 
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　　7-9（12－9）分：内容切题，基本包括题中所列三方面的内容：基本清楚地表达其内涵；句子结构和用词有少量错误。文章长度符合要求。 oTb4T=  
　　4-6（8－5）分：内容基本功题，基本包含题中所列三方面的内容；语句可以理解，但有较多的句子结构和词错误。文章长度基本符合要求。 #@Rtb\9  
　　1-3（ 4－1）分：基本按要求写作，但只有少数句子可理解。 ^K?Mq1"Db  
　　0分：文不切题，语句混乱、无法理解。 evE$$# 6R  
因此，一篇好的作文应基本达到： 115zvW  
　　1） 有较好的写作基础，文章流畅，遣词造句不当，文章结构完整，内容符合要求； ?UBhM,;XK  
　　2） 语法基本正确； IJ2>\bW_p  
　　3） 句法基本准确，句子与句子段落之间过渡连贯； \w=*:Z  
　　4） 有一定词汇量，字数符合要求； zuYz"- (L  
　　5） 说理清楚，内容充实。 0#!Z1:Y  
6） 就小作文而言，还要做到格式与语域正确。 ~+ anI  
7） 书写干净整洁。如果书写较差，以致影响交际，分数会降低一个档次。 =P`l+k3  
考生出现的问题 WoDQg64  
不会审题 a3B^RbDP&8  
用汉语思维，逐字翻译。 X0BBJ(e  
用词搭配不当。 vFH1hm  
词汇量小，拼写困难。 Qe4"a*l-r  
句子逻辑关系混乱。 q":0\ar&QT  
Our English class often told stories. Na>?1F"KHk  
应改为：We often told stories in our English class. o(3`-ucD`  
不会应用关联词转承上下句子和段落。 11BfJvs:  
People learn English to use it , Some learn it to study or work abroad . Others learn it to read books and magazines in English or have something to do with English-speaking foreigners.采用适当关联词，改进为:people learn English for practical purposes :some learn it to study or work abroad, while others learn it to read or communicate in English. _-nIy*',=  
语法错误。 1'YksuYx6f  
　　i. 分不清及物与不及物动词，例如：rise和raise; hear和listen等 nhI1`l&
 
　　ii. 被动与主动语态的误用，例如：interesting和interested; speaking和spoken 等； vF.Ml  
　　iii. 词类混淆，将动词或形容词误作名词用，将名词和动词误作形容词用等；例如：benefit和beneficial; difficult和difficulty; pleasure和pleased等。 Z)dE#A_X  
　　iv. 混淆可数名词与不可数名词，例如:help, practice 等。 I>%@[h,+  
　　v. 冠词、情态动词、介词、代词等方面的错误，例如：a English book, should did, must done等。 Bw*
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有选择性的记住一些套话或短语：段落连接 YY9Ub  
　　(1)“启”，常用于引导文章开头的过渡词有： &J}w_BFww  
It is often said that… Cl'3I%$8K  
Generally speaking… TptXH?  
As the proverb says… pb=yQ}.  
It goes without saying that… ;(~H(]D  
It is clear/obvious that… V0a)9\x(\  
Mary people often ask … [;qZu`n>  
　　(2)“承”，常用于第一个扩展段开头的过渡词有： 7
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It is true that… 'qnnZ E  
Everybody knows that… M,/{53  
It can be easily proved that… e=w.7DSE
 
No one can deny that… N cnL-k.  
One thing which is equally important to the above mentioned is… Hpq?I-g<^  
The chief reason why …is that … EE[JXoke  
We must recognize that… nN[gAM (  
There is no doubt that… 7(1UXtT  
I am of the opinion that… yHt ` kb2  
This can expressed as follows… Rr3<ln  
To take…for an example (instance) … ! fSM6Vo  
Therefore we should realize that … *> f-UNV  
We have reason to believe that… "f-z
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We know that… H&3i[D!p  
What is more serious is that…
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(3)“转”，常用于第二个扩展段开头的过渡词有： yk7l{F  
Another special consideration in this case is that … h.D*Y3=<  
Besides, we should not neglect that… -yH8bm'0"  
However, … {Y#
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But the problem is not so simple, … &@anv.D  
Therefore…  }FoO  
But it is a pity that… pHkhs{/X  
On the other hand, … k yI-nE  
I do not believe that… 5,n{-V  
Perhaps you’ll ask why… @p}"B9h*^  
This may be true, but we still have a problem with regard to… hRWRXC9  
Though we are in basic agreement with … Ar:ezA  
The trouble seems that… bRzw.(k0`r  
Yet differences will be found, that’s why I feel that… ]E/~PV  
So long as you regard this as reasonable, you many… <h7FS90S  
　　(4)“合”，常用结尾段的过渡词有： "X7;^yY  
In a word, … 39+6ZTqx
 
In sum, … _jr'A-M  
In conclusion, … OKH4n/pq  
From this point of view, … {zf)im[.  
On account of this we can find that … ")cJA f  
The result is dependent on … 8^FAeV#  
Therefore, these findings reveal the following information… #& 5}  
Thus, this is the reason why we must… KNw{\Pz~w  
　　2.句子连接 Ct)l0J\XH  
　　(1)“启” W$X@DXT=o  
in the first place at present c+^#(OB  
currently it goes without saying that ^bjaa  
lately first apxY2oE&  
first of all now dmkd.aP4  
presently firstly zAxscDf'  
generally recently V>YZ^>oeH  
in the beginning to begin with Y,%d_yR
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to start with in general JXBTd=r_oM  
　　(2)“承” RrPo89o  
after a few days after a while !k= ~5)x  
also at any arte +?!x;qS^  
at the same time besides _ `RCY^t  
by this time certainly xp4w9.X5(  
consequently for example BV8-\R@  
for instance for this purpose LXm5f;  
from now on furthermore [= GVK  
in addition in addition to… YR{%pZp  
in fact in other words NPL(5@  
in particular in the same manner @4'bI)  
incidentally indeed */|Vyp-  
meanwhile moreover c)HHc0KD  
no doubt obviously )tRqt9Th*  
of course particularly 7HpfHqJ7  
second secondly aa'u5<<W  
similarly so "0nT:!BZ  
soon still @Y~R*^n"}  
then third #s!q(Rc  
thirdly truly 3y9K'  
unlike… what is more lDQ'
  
　　(3)“转” T.fmEl  
after all all the same Q UQ"2oC  
anyway at the same time TJB)]d<  
but by this time v[aFSXGj)  
conversely despite… rl\$a2_+  
especially… fortunately [Ipg",Su;f  
however in other words
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in particular in spite of… ,<^7~d{{3m  
in the same way likewise = }&@XRLJ  
luckily nevertheless k k&8:;Vj  
no doubt not withstanding … N34 .Bt  
on the contrary on the other hand PFqc
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otherwise perhaps… _86#$|kw  
unfortunately unlike… ,+u.FQv~  
whereas… yet ]8}+%P,Q  
nonetheless as a matter of fact m#D+Yh/y{n  
(4)“合” e~#"#?  
above all accordingly xm)s%"6n  
as a consequence as a result Wz}8O]#/.  
as has been noted as I have said GAZTCkB"  
at last at length 4k HFfc  
by and large briefly :QndeUw  
by doing so consequently  >|)ia5#  
eventually finally a?zn>tx  
hence in brief LqH<HGMFD  
in conclusion in short gaK m`#  
on the whole therefore B?Vr9H7n  
thus to speak frankly Bf72 .gx{0  
to sum up to summarize uhyw?#f  
indeed surely L[]*vj   
to conclude obviously uCc .dluU  
certainly truly \m3'4#  
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常用句型 SIJ:[=5!7  
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用于反驳性和比较性论文 TZ`@pDi  
1. In general, I don’t agree with ]s*Fs]1+H  
2. In my opinion, this point of view doesn’t hold water. +`EF0sux  
3. The chief reason why… is that… a@|/D\C  
4.There is no true that… p!+7F\  
5. It is not true that… qf/1a CQiP  
6. It can be easily denied than… ~R;9a"nr   
7. We have no reason to believe that… 49)A.Bh&!  
8. What is more serious is that… FmfPi .;1  
9. But it is pity that… " 6T: &>  
10. Besides, we should not neglect that… }pE8G#O&  
11. But the problem is not so simple. Therefore… 'C l}IDF  
12. Others may find this to be true, but I believer that… Qfhhceb6#J  
13. Perhaps I was question why… UbBo#(TZ)  
14. There is a certain amount of truth in this, but we still have a problem with regard to… h)%}O.ueB  
15. Though we are in basic agreement with…,but }uI(D&?+h  
16. What seems to be the trouble is… >28.^\?H4  
17. Yet differences will be found, that’s why I feel that… KY)rkfo B  
18. It would be reasonable to take the view that …, but it would be foolish to claim that… M7Pvc%\)  
19. There is in fact on reason for us so believe that…  b>N)H  
20. What these people fail to consider is that… 89I[Dg ;"u  
21. It is one thing to insist that… , it is quite another to show that … ? x1"uH  
22. Wonderful as A is , however, it has its own disadvantages too. G;:D6\  
23. The advantages of B are much greater than A. e=11EmN9  
24. A’s advantage sounds ridiculous when B’s advantages are taken into consideration. ZE#f{qF(  
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用于描写图表和数据 S ("Zzq`  
1. It has increased by three times as compared with that of 1998. {HV$hU+_)Q  
2. There is an increase of 20% in total this year. 3Lxk7D>0c  
3. It has been increased by a factor of 4since 1995. -Yaw>$nJ  
4. It would be expected to increase 5 times. E$z)$`"1  
5. The table shows a three times increase over that of last year. B,sv! p+q5  
6. It was decreased twice than that of the year 1996. V?g@pnN"  
7. The total number was lowered by 10%. ^*7~ Wxk5  
8. It rose from 10-15 percent of the total this year. zE{@
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9. Compared with 1997, it fell from 15 to 10 percent. SnK j:|bV  
10. The number is 5 times as much as that of 1995. y(pHt  
11. It has decreased almost two and half times, compared with… ?^z!yD\  
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用于解释性和阐述性论说文 )oOcV%  
1.Everybody knows that… O?uT'$GT  
2.It can be easily proved that… xF)AuGdp\  
3. It is true that… Lc>9[!+#  
4. No one can deny that
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5. One thing which is equally important to the above mentioned is… r`]&{0}23  
6. The chief reason is that… 3F,$}r#  
7. We must recognize that… QN[-XQ>Xt  
8. There is on doubt that… t<O5_}R%d  
9. I am of the opinion that… ;!4Bw"Gg  
10. This can be expressed as follows; Lm<"W_  
11. To take …for an example… @Taj++ua  
12. We have reason to believe that b _fI1f|  
13. Now that we know that… E3gR%t   
14. Among the most convincing reasons given, one should be mentioned… U;n$  
15. The change in …largely results from the fact that LOyL:~$  
16. There are several causes for this significant growth in…,first …,second …,finally… <dx xXzLT  
17. A number of factors could account for the development in… !Gu,X'#Ab  
18. Perhaps the primary reason is… tE0DST/
  
19. It is chiefly responsible of… N=K|Nw  
20. The reasons for…are complicated, And probably they are found in the fact… hd~X c  
21. Here are several possible reasons, excerpt that… jsSxjf;O  
22. Somebody believes/argues/holds/insists/thinks that… aH)$#6${Ap  
23. It is not simple to give the reason for this complicated phenomenon… 7s_#X |A$  
24. Different people observes it in different ways. }7CMXw [  
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用于文章的开头 &?^S`V8R*  
1. As the proverb says… 8~?3: IZ  
2. It goes without saying tan… O=}4?Xv  
3. Generally speaking… wZVY h  
4. It is quite clear than because… W)jO 4,e O  
5. It is often said that … &Zl$7  
6. Many people often ask such question:“…？” 5uMh#dm^  
7. More and more people have come to realize… ~lMw*Qw^  
8. There is no doubt that… FjIS:9^)t5  
9. Some people believe that… Zrp`91&I  
10. These days we are often told that, but is this really the case? Z]l<,m  
11. One great man said that… 0!F"s>(H  
12. Recently the issue of… has been brought to public attention. v4!zB9d  
13. In the past several years there has been… T;jp2 #  
14. Now it is commonly held that… but I doubt whether… 2?ac\c6"  
15. Currently there is a widespread concern that… G?!b00H  
16. Now people in growing number are coming to realize that… c%v[p8 %  
17. There is a general discussion today about the issue of … tLe!_p)  
18. Faced with…, quite a few people argue that…, but other people conceive differently. zu&5[XL  
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用于文章的结尾 !s#25}9zX5  
1. from this point of view… Z`nHpmNM  
2. in a word… AEx I!  
3. in conclusion… `E>HpRcxD  
4. on account of this we can find that… OiNzN.}d  
5. the result is dependent on… $j:$ `  
6. therefore, these findings reveal the following information: 'gk.J  
7. thus, this is the reason why we must… &Yi)|TU3'R  
8. to sum up … !TY9\8JzV  
9. as far as…be concerned, I believe that… m\`dLrPX4j  
10. It is obvious that… 1o)@{x/pd  
11. There is little doubt that… 3^ ~M7=k  
12. There is no immediate solution to the problem of …, but …might be helpful $Z6g/bD`E  
13. None of the solutions is quite satisfactory. The problem should be examined in a new way. }]_/:KUt  
14. It is high time that we put considerable emphasis on… D-e0q)RSU  
15. Taking into account all these factors, we may safely reach the conclustion that… "OF4#a17  
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用于论证和说明 SLp &_S@4  
1. As it is described that… m7wD#?lm  
2. It has been illustrated that… G'IqAKJ  
3. It provides a good example of… S[
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4. We may cite another instance of… C,7 d  
5. History man provides us with the examples of… 0X@!i3eu  
6. A number of further facts may be added… &v|Uy}h&%1  
7. The situation is not unique, it is typical of dozens I have heard. H-A?F^#  
8. A recent investigation indicate that… d4KTwn5g  
9. According to the statistics provided … Qb< i,`SN  
10. According to a latest study, it can be predicted… &5puGnTZ  
11. There is no sufficient evidence to show that… j#QJ5(
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12. All available evidence points to the fact that… stuj,8  
13. Examples given leads me to conclude that… )3#gpM  
14. It reveals the unquestionable fact that… ^Pl(V@  
15. The idea may be proved by facts… 3/c3e
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16. All the facts suggest that… ly"Jl8/<  
17. No one can deny the fact that… cb!mV5M-g  
18. We may face the undeniable fact that… >B>[_8=f@  
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