医学考博英语破题技巧－－－写作部分

第1页 zLuej'  
英语作文的总体评分原则（内容与语言两个方面） pm O}m>  
记分标准如下： %WHue  
UO8#8  
13-15（20－17）分：内容切题，包括题中所列三方面的内容：清楚表达其内涵，文字连贯；句式有变化，句子结构和用词正确。文章长度符合要求。 ]1rr$f9  
　　10-12（16－13）分：内容切题，包括题中所列三方面的内容；比较清楚地表达其内涵；文字基本连贯；句式有一定变化，句子结构和用词无重大错误。文章长度符合要求。 k2N[B(&4J  
　　7-9（12－9）分：内容切题，基本包括题中所列三方面的内容：基本清楚地表达其内涵；句子结构和用词有少量错误。文章长度符合要求。 ^ _KHw
 
　　4-6（8－5）分：内容基本功题，基本包含题中所列三方面的内容；语句可以理解，但有较多的句子结构和词错误。文章长度基本符合要求。 |eWlB\ x8  
　　1-3（ 4－1）分：基本按要求写作，但只有少数句子可理解。 +LV~%?W  
　　0分：文不切题，语句混乱、无法理解。 #Zk6   
因此，一篇好的作文应基本达到： # 9Z];
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　　1） 有较好的写作基础，文章流畅，遣词造句不当，文章结构完整，内容符合要求； D_`MeqF}C  
　　2） 语法基本正确； Z1u{.^~^z  
　　3） 句法基本准确，句子与句子段落之间过渡连贯； FSd842O  
　　4） 有一定词汇量，字数符合要求； 6~V$0Y>]  
　　5） 说理清楚，内容充实。 CHv~H.kh'  
6） 就小作文而言，还要做到格式与语域正确。 3,e^;{w  
7） 书写干净整洁。如果书写较差，以致影响交际，分数会降低一个档次。 $`x4|a8-  
考生出现的问题 BdB/`X*  
不会审题 |/[?]
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用汉语思维，逐字翻译。 i}N'WV`!  
用词搭配不当。 6<.Ma7)lA  
词汇量小，拼写困难。 [2~Et+r6g  
句子逻辑关系混乱。 R @b[o7/  
Our English class often told stories. N^xnx<  
应改为：We often told stories in our English class. f"q='B9_T\  
不会应用关联词转承上下句子和段落。 J7/"8S_#N  
People learn English to use it , Some learn it to study or work abroad . Others learn it to read books and magazines in English or have something to do with English-speaking foreigners.采用适当关联词，改进为:people learn English for practical purposes :some learn it to study or work abroad, while others learn it to read or communicate in English. +'Pf|S  
语法错误。 _dVzvk`_R  
　　i. 分不清及物与不及物动词，例如：rise和raise; hear和listen等 +DaPXZ5.  
　　ii. 被动与主动语态的误用，例如：interesting和interested; speaking和spoken 等； cU?A|'  
　　iii. 词类混淆，将动词或形容词误作名词用，将名词和动词误作形容词用等；例如：benefit和beneficial; difficult和difficulty; pleasure和pleased等。 &z8@ rk|  
　　iv. 混淆可数名词与不可数名词，例如:help, practice 等。 T?{"T/  
　　v. 冠词、情态动词、介词、代词等方面的错误，例如：a English book, should did, must done等。 SwpS6  
有选择性的记住一些套话或短语：段落连接 xX*I.saK  
　　(1)“启”，常用于引导文章开头的过渡词有： 9'faH  
It is often said that… <
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Generally speaking… W~2`o*\l  
As the proverb says… 1[OCojo<  
It goes without saying that… @  U xO!  
It is clear/obvious that… ET;YAa*  
Mary people often ask … <0g.<n,  
　　(2)“承”，常用于第一个扩展段开头的过渡词有： w4P?2-kB  
It is true that… Q^>"AhOiU  
Everybody knows that… -b"mx"'?  
It can be easily proved that… ZpvURp,I  
No one can deny that… SD t)|s  
One thing which is equally important to the above mentioned is… s9+Rq*Qd  
The chief reason why …is that … t>"UenJt-  
We must recognize that… e=&,jg?K  
There is no doubt that… }5 ^2g!M  
I am of the opinion that… y:u7*%"  
This can expressed as follows… kk#%x#L[  
To take…for an example (instance) … EK`}?>'  
Therefore we should realize that … +A%|.;  
We have reason to believe that… >>/|Q:  
We know that… RQxL`7H  
What is more serious is that… UgI0 *PE2  
(3)“转”，常用于第二个扩展段开头的过渡词有： m1H|C3u8  
Another special consideration in this case is that … 3kfrOf.4h  
Besides, we should not neglect that… nMm4fns  
However, … -i93  
But the problem is not so simple, … BV)oF2b:  
Therefore… )+ifVv50  
But it is a pity that… 4P(muOS  
On the other hand, … h|~I'M]*  
I do not believe that… q[?xf3  
Perhaps you’ll ask why… wT\JA4  
This may be true, but we still have a problem with regard to… 0C!f/EZ
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Though we are in basic agreement with … |pLx,#n  
The trouble seems that… 6[+@#IWx  
Yet differences will be found, that’s why I feel that… qFQO1"mu  
So long as you regard this as reasonable, you many… 9u[^9tL+D  
　　(4)“合”，常用结尾段的过渡词有： \jA#RF.W  
In a word, … YoDL/  
In sum, … suKr//_  
In conclusion, … 7b8+"5~  
From this point of view, … P^'TI[\L9  
On account of this we can find that … tzIcR #Z  
The result is dependent on … z|Y  Ms?  
Therefore, these findings reveal the following information… m3T =x =  
Thus, this is the reason why we must… xP{
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　　2.句子连接 @T.+:U@S  
　　(1)“启” ohU}ST:9  
in the first place at present j_3`J8WwF  
currently it goes without saying that WUBI(g\  
lately first iW%~>`tT  
first of all now X'uQr+p^  
presently firstly B\54eTn  
generally recently 3xIelTf*  
in the beginning to begin with }3O 0nab  
to start with in general \>$3'i=mQ  
　　(2)“承” P,J+'.@  
after a few days after a while 8bJj3vr  
also at any arte H\fsyxM7  
at the same time besides zC,c9b  
by this time certainly zJ6""38Pr  
consequently for example G^|!'V  
for instance for this purpose baoyU
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from now on furthermore [XE\2Qa8e  
in addition in addition to…
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in fact in other words K
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in particular in the same manner jiejs*  
incidentally indeed ?$K.*])e  
meanwhile moreover UgLFU#  
no doubt obviously
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of course particularly @O`T|7v  
second secondly _\.4ofK(  
similarly so dVs=*GEl9  
soon still ~&aULY?)]  
then third _N {4Rs0  
thirdly truly 7B<,nKd  
unlike… what is more RFLfvD<  
　　(3)“转” -=cm7/X  
after all all the same ?b:Pl{?  
anyway at the same time Pr:\zI  
but by this time &) 64:l&  
conversely despite… ,5V6=pr$  
especially… fortunately 1eywnOjrj  
however in other words q_6fr$-Qh  
in particular in spite of… :c|Om{;  
in the same way likewise ufe|I
  
luckily nevertheless p+8o'dl8=  
no doubt not withstanding … 'A>?aUq]:  
on the contrary on the other hand dk^j v +  
otherwise perhaps… v6|j.;  
unfortunately unlike… {sf ,(.W  
whereas… yet g V-*z}`U  
nonetheless as a matter of fact `#'j3,\6  
(4)“合” 7H09\g&  
above all accordingly }`2a>N: &  
as a consequence as a result (3K3)0fy  
as has been noted as I have said _|4R^*/4  
at last at length %W8iC%~  
by and large briefly Ge/K.]>i  
by doing so consequently 8R%<~fq r  
eventually finally m I5J]hk  
hence in brief J;NIa[a  
in conclusion in short "AZ|u #0P  
on the whole therefore xVw@p R;  
thus to speak frankly ^8EW /$k  
to sum up to summarize _?:jZ1wZ  
indeed surely @!=Ds'MJC  
to conclude obviously JRi:MWR<r  
certainly truly @"`}%-b  
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常用句型 ~Ni  
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用于反驳性和比较性论文 <!g]q1  
1. In general, I don’t agree with 0uIY6e0E  
2. In my opinion, this point of view doesn’t hold water. L'r&'y[  
3. The chief reason why… is that… lHtywZ@%3  
4.There is no true that…
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5. It is not true that… Gn=b_!  
6. It can be easily denied than… ?5J# yn  
7. We have no reason to believe that… J/'Fj?
 
8. What is more serious is that… ~1D^C |%  
9. But it is pity that… -'g>i  
10. Besides, we should not neglect that… _$
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11. But the problem is not so simple. Therefore… PkrVQH9^w  
12. Others may find this to be true, but I believer that… w.w{L=p:<"  
13. Perhaps I was question why… 2PYnzAsl  
14. There is a certain amount of truth in this, but we still have a problem with regard to… E+i*u   
15. Though we are in basic agreement with…,but %h@1lsm1+  
16. What seems to be the trouble is… F<k+>e  
17. Yet differences will be found, that’s why I feel that… y 62f{ks_/  
18. It would be reasonable to take the view that …, but it would be foolish to claim that… w[ v{)  
19. There is in fact on reason for us so believe that… S[exnZ*Y  
20. What these people fail to consider is that… C u8mNB{H  
21. It is one thing to insist that… , it is quite another to show that … xcr2|  
22. Wonderful as A is , however, it has its own disadvantages too. vSR&>Q%X  
23. The advantages of B are much greater than A. ;.uYWP|9  
24. A’s advantage sounds ridiculous when B’s advantages are taken into consideration. KE3`5Y!  
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用于描写图表和数据 i8V\x>9  
1. It has increased by three times as compared with that of 1998. ot<d FvD  
2. There is an increase of 20% in total this year. ,gVVYH?qR  
3. It has been increased by a factor of 4since 1995. -`I|=lBz{H  
4. It would be expected to increase 5 times. o6MFMA+vi  
5. The table shows a three times increase over that of last year.  9! jPZn  
6. It was decreased twice than that of the year 1996. 0~fjY^(  
7. The total number was lowered by 10%. =$J(]KPv!?  
8. It rose from 10-15 percent of the total this year. Ncz
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9. Compared with 1997, it fell from 15 to 10 percent. P:'wSE91  
10. The number is 5 times as much as that of 1995. btuG%D{a^  
11. It has decreased almost two and half times, compared with… :EV.nD7  
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用于解释性和阐述性论说文 `[sFh%:  
1.Everybody knows that… MM@,J<  
2.It can be easily proved that… &YXJ{<s  
3. It is true that… .J75bX5  
4. No one can deny that J#..xJ?XRD  
5. One thing which is equally important to the above mentioned is… DEZww9T2Qs  
6. The chief reason is that… m=01V5_  
7. We must recognize that… .rtA sbp.!  
8. There is on doubt that… [
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9. I am of the opinion that… "r&,#$6W6  
10. This can be expressed as follows; k4ti#3W5eG  
11. To take …for an example… n4kq=Z%
 
12. We have reason to believe that m;dwt1'Zw  
13. Now that we know that… 2$Mnwxfk  
14. Among the most convincing reasons given, one should be mentioned… a!$kKOK  
15. The change in …largely results from the fact that ~*Y#Y{  
16. There are several causes for this significant growth in…,first …,second …,finally… X+;[Gc}(W  
17. A number of factors could account for the development in… U+!RIF[Je  
18. Perhaps the primary reason is… =npE?wK  
19. It is chiefly responsible of… *C*ZmC5  
20. The reasons for…are complicated, And probably they are found in the fact… XGSFG~d  
21. Here are several possible reasons, excerpt that… }:#WjH^  
22. Somebody believes/argues/holds/insists/thinks that… 8S1@,O,  
23. It is not simple to give the reason for this complicated phenomenon… <VxA&bb7c  
24. Different people observes it in different ways. 1b9S";ct0  
LE8<JMB  
用于文章的开头 8o5[tl ?w  
1. As the proverb says… _
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2. It goes without saying tan… E`fG9:6l]  
3. Generally speaking… =?OU^u`C  
4. It is quite clear than because… juHL$SGC  
5. It is often said that … 40kAGs>_  
6. Many people often ask such question:“…？” G)7U &B  
7. More and more people have come to realize… X"{%,]sb G  
8. There is no doubt that… *J-pAN  
9. Some people believe that… \jC
) ;mk  
10. These days we are often told that, but is this really the case? kd 'b_D[$H  
11. One great man said that… W[&nQW$E  
12. Recently the issue of… has been brought to public attention. =2p?_.|'  
13. In the past several years there has been… Z@Rm^g]o  
14. Now it is commonly held that… but I doubt whether… W>pe-  
15. Currently there is a widespread concern that… rRe5Q  
16. Now people in growing number are coming to realize that… \}b2oiY  
17. There is a general discussion today about the issue of … Orq/38:4G  
18. Faced with…, quite a few people argue that…, but other people conceive differently. JG!B3^qB  
doanTF4Da  
用于文章的结尾 &ivU4rEG  
1. from this point of view… KtQs uL%  
2. in a word… N'2?Zb  
3. in conclusion… (ks>F=vk*  
4. on account of this we can find that… 2y!n c%  
5. the result is dependent on… {I{ 0rV  
6. therefore, these findings reveal the following information: Dge#e  
7. thus, this is the reason why we must… 5=TgOS]R  
8. to sum up … N?@^BZ  
9. as far as…be concerned, I believe that… d'_q9uf'  
10. It is obvious that… H(^Ehv>  
11. There is little doubt that… :qo[@x{  
12. There is no immediate solution to the problem of …, but …might be helpful 'Dfs&sm  
13. None of the solutions is quite satisfactory. The problem should be examined in a new way. q-z1ElrN7u  
14. It is high time that we put considerable emphasis on… li
*S^uSF  
15. Taking into account all these factors, we may safely reach the conclustion that…  LDg9@esi  
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用于论证和说明 08ZvRy(Je<  
1. As it is described that… SWdmej[  
2. It has been illustrated that… XIIq0I  
3. It provides a good example of… :j]6vp6  
4. We may cite another instance of… oRbWqN` F.  
5. History man provides us with the examples of… ranem0KQ)]  
6. A number of further facts may be added… 1L<TzQ  
7. The situation is not unique, it is typical of dozens I have heard. _f!ko<52  
8. A recent investigation indicate that… xC< )]  
9. According to the statistics provided … 7#)k-S!B  
10. According to a latest study, it can be predicted… ~|KqG  
11. There is no sufficient evidence to show that… -)-:rRx-  
12. All available evidence points to the fact that… j"jssbu}  
13. Examples given leads me to conclude that… s$(%]~P  
14. It reveals the unquestionable fact that… bm;iX*~  
15. The idea may be proved by facts… i7dDklj4  
16. All the facts suggest that… `)O9 '568  
17. No one can deny the fact that… %ZRv+}z  
18. We may face the undeniable fact that… "*zDb|v  
Y5E0n(Z  
[p:1]

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