医学考博英语破题技巧－－－写作部分

第1页 @~#Ym1{W  
英语作文的总体评分原则（内容与语言两个方面） >2J

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记分标准如下： ^~$)F_`"
 
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13-15（20－17）分：内容切题，包括题中所列三方面的内容：清楚表达其内涵，文字连贯；句式有变化，句子结构和用词正确。文章长度符合要求。  -W<vyNSr  
　　10-12（16－13）分：内容切题，包括题中所列三方面的内容；比较清楚地表达其内涵；文字基本连贯；句式有一定变化，句子结构和用词无重大错误。文章长度符合要求。 n#:N;T;\a  
　　7-9（12－9）分：内容切题，基本包括题中所列三方面的内容：基本清楚地表达其内涵；句子结构和用词有少量错误。文章长度符合要求。
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　　4-6（8－5）分：内容基本功题，基本包含题中所列三方面的内容；语句可以理解，但有较多的句子结构和词错误。文章长度基本符合要求。 dpFVN[\oK  
　　1-3（ 4－1）分：基本按要求写作，但只有少数句子可理解。 vk?sk
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　　0分：文不切题，语句混乱、无法理解。 OI?K/rn  
因此，一篇好的作文应基本达到： 7yz4'L  
　　1） 有较好的写作基础，文章流畅，遣词造句不当，文章结构完整，内容符合要求； ]ZoD'-,  
　　2） 语法基本正确； zt<WXw(  
　　3） 句法基本准确，句子与句子段落之间过渡连贯； l%`F&8K  
　　4） 有一定词汇量，字数符合要求； ;]w<&C!=  
　　5） 说理清楚，内容充实。 4<?8M vF  
6） 就小作文而言，还要做到格式与语域正确。 Y)$ ;Ax-D  
7） 书写干净整洁。如果书写较差，以致影响交际，分数会降低一个档次。 ynB_"mg  
考生出现的问题 =e}H'5?!  
不会审题 \2(SB
  
用汉语思维，逐字翻译。 4WN3=B  
用词搭配不当。 K3' niGT  
词汇量小，拼写困难。 4_UU<GEp  
句子逻辑关系混乱。
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Our English class often told stories. +4,2<\fX  
应改为：We often told stories in our English class. cPl`2&p  
不会应用关联词转承上下句子和段落。 u- o--q  
People learn English to use it , Some learn it to study or work abroad . Others learn it to read books and magazines in English or have something to do with English-speaking foreigners.采用适当关联词，改进为:people learn English for practical purposes :some learn it to study or work abroad, while others learn it to read or communicate in English. %\kOLE2`  
语法错误。 [Cb`{  
　　i. 分不清及物与不及物动词，例如：rise和raise; hear和listen等 UDc$"a}ds{  
　　ii. 被动与主动语态的误用，例如：interesting和interested; speaking和spoken 等； R@*O!bD
 
　　iii. 词类混淆，将动词或形容词误作名词用，将名词和动词误作形容词用等；例如：benefit和beneficial; difficult和difficulty; pleasure和pleased等。 +,&O1ykY  
　　iv. 混淆可数名词与不可数名词，例如:help, practice 等。 ~-#yOu ,w  
　　v. 冠词、情态动词、介词、代词等方面的错误，例如：a English book, should did, must done等。 YqV8D&I  
有选择性的记住一些套话或短语：段落连接 sjM;s{gy  
　　(1)“启”，常用于引导文章开头的过渡词有： ;),BW
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It is often said that… WnHUE  
Generally speaking… Pe_!?:vF  
As the proverb says… y?)}8T^  
It goes without saying that… WA$>pG5
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It is clear/obvious that… X>I)~z}9#  
Mary people often ask … s3 ;DG  
　　(2)“承”，常用于第一个扩展段开头的过渡词有： om3`[r[{  
It is true that… |T4kqW{  
Everybody knows that… Y2R\]FrT  
It can be easily proved that… m,R Dr  
No one can deny that… 3pXLSdxB  
One thing which is equally important to the above mentioned is… 4<X!<]3]  
The chief reason why …is that … npD
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We must recognize that… T'#!~GpB  
There is no doubt that… SMf+qiM-E  
I am of the opinion that… mF09U(ci  
This can expressed as follows… \]Dt4o*yZ  
To take…for an example (instance) … s-W[.r|  
Therefore we should realize that … Ao7`G':  
We have reason to believe that… +zkm(  
We know that… XTeb9h)3  
What is more serious is that… tehUD&  
(3)“转”，常用于第二个扩展段开头的过渡词有： n
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Another special consideration in this case is that … v8I{XU@%  
Besides, we should not neglect that… '+*-s7o{  
However, … S)A'Y]2X  
But the problem is not so simple, … lM#A3/=K  
Therefore… oh#> 5cA8  
But it is a pity that… d'l$$%zJ  
On the other hand, … ,}C8;/V  
I do not believe that… uO >x:*^8  
Perhaps you’ll ask why… sl/)|~3!8  
This may be true, but we still have a problem with regard to… 5]jIg <j  
Though we are in basic agreement with … hxC!+ArVe  
The trouble seems that… QMk+RM8U  
Yet differences will be found, that’s why I feel that… P`'$  
So long as you regard this as reasonable, you many… sg'NBAo"  
　　(4)“合”，常用结尾段的过渡词有： .h;S e  
In a word, … LQ-6vrbs  
In sum, … )Hf~d=GG  
In conclusion, … "]t>ZT:OJ  
From this point of view, … *+8%kn`c  
On account of this we can find that … wH!#aB>kP  
The result is dependent on … 9DEh*%q  
Therefore, these findings reveal the following information… 3ViM ?p  
Thus, this is the reason why we must… yty`2$O  
　　2.句子连接 4R+P  
　　(1)“启” wk02[  
in the first place at present '1]7zWbW  
currently it goes without saying that KtTza5aF  
lately first <4zT;:NQ  
first of all now vSM_]fn  
presently firstly :HW>9nD
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generally recently -NDi5i\  
in the beginning to begin with O}gX{_|6  
to start with in general 3 Lje<KzL  
　　(2)“承” vF>gU_gz.  
after a few days after a while 0yHjrxc$  
also at any arte pN$;!  
at the same time besides G\1J _al  
by this time certainly d,R6` i  
consequently for example /Dw@d,&[  
for instance for this purpose +v[O   
from now on furthermore :^G%57NX  
in addition in addition to… Dq`~XS*  
in fact in other words uMDtdC8  
in particular in the same manner pAg$oe#  
incidentally indeed _>v0R '  
meanwhile moreover ?f@ 9nph  
no doubt obviously rBevVc![  
of course particularly XTj73 MWY  
second secondly p!GZCf,  
similarly so Uk02IOX Q  
soon still tE:X,Lt [  
then third i>"dBJh]b  
thirdly truly 9>{t}Id  
unlike… what is more c `ud;lI  
　　(3)“转” M*H< n*  
after all all the same leIy|K>\m  
anyway at the same time ,|iy1yg(  
but by this time L"^.0*X/d  
conversely despite… (!ZV9S  
especially… fortunately # |ddyCg2  
however in other words [Gf{f\O  
in particular in spite of… +l.|kkZ?  
in the same way likewise =Pj@g/25u  
luckily nevertheless QxA0I+ i  
no doubt not withstanding … \2Xx%SX  
on the contrary on the other hand W
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otherwise perhaps… 2x6<8J8v*  
unfortunately unlike… K{N%kk%F  
whereas… yet E+Im~=m$  
nonetheless as a matter of fact iz$FcA]  
(4)“合” t5n2eOy~T  
above all accordingly U
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as a consequence as a result [='p!7z  
as has been noted as I have said h*G #<M  
at last at length ;n` $+g:>  
by and large briefly ?-d Ain1w  
by doing so consequently -}<d(c  
eventually finally &q"'_4
 
hence in brief /<6ywLD  
in conclusion in short Vj/fAHR`>'  
on the whole therefore 9E^~#j@Zr  
thus to speak frankly r
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to sum up to summarize H/pcXj  
indeed surely )>?! xx_`  
to conclude obviously z2.*#xTZn  
certainly truly ~c! Rx'  
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常用句型 Q6eN+i2 ;  
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用于反驳性和比较性论文 Fgsk
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1. In general, I don’t agree with Xm%iPrl D  
2. In my opinion, this point of view doesn’t hold water.  xQX<w\s  
3. The chief reason why… is that… l_bL,-|E8  
4.There is no true that… +g)_4fV0|  
5. It is not true that… #NWZk.S  
6. It can be easily denied than… ZGA)r0] P`  
7. We have no reason to believe that… _ yiRh:  
8. What is more serious is that… C:rRK*  
9. But it is pity that… t'dHCp}  
10. Besides, we should not neglect that… 3fm;r5  
11. But the problem is not so simple. Therefore… -l\~p4U  
12. Others may find this to be true, but I believer that… -,FK{[h]ka  
13. Perhaps I was question why… u)tHOV>&  
14. There is a certain amount of truth in this, but we still have a problem with regard to… a3Z:C!|O'  
15. Though we are in basic agreement with…,but qUifw @  
16. What seems to be the trouble is… N-XVRuv  
17. Yet differences will be found, that’s why I feel that… 0[V&8\S~'T  
18. It would be reasonable to take the view that …, but it would be foolish to claim that… .=>\Qq%  
19. There is in fact on reason for us so believe that… #.<*; rB  
20. What these people fail to consider is that… $7msL#E7  
21. It is one thing to insist that… , it is quite another to show that … ?H y%ULk  
22. Wonderful as A is , however, it has its own disadvantages too. =Dh$yC-Zr  
23. The advantages of B are much greater than A. N8,EI^W8Z  
24. A’s advantage sounds ridiculous when B’s advantages are taken into consideration. nw~/~eM5=  
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用于描写图表和数据 C<r(-qO{5  
1. It has increased by three times as compared with that of 1998. U(rr vNt:t  
2. There is an increase of 20% in total this year. [LJ705t  
3. It has been increased by a factor of 4since 1995. ^;0~6uBEJr  
4. It would be expected to increase 5 times. 9=Y,["br$_  
5. The table shows a three times increase over that of last year. pi^^L@@d  
6. It was decreased twice than that of the year 1996. )$ ofl%+  
7. The total number was lowered by 10%. >v^2^$^u  
8. It rose from 10-15 percent of the total this year. %MfGVx}nG  
9. Compared with 1997, it fell from 15 to 10 percent. s,1pZT <E  
10. The number is 5 times as much as that of 1995. ArNur~  
11. It has decreased almost two and half times, compared with… 4a(g<5wfI  
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用于解释性和阐述性论说文 S% JNxT7'  
1.Everybody knows that… D}zOuB,S  
2.It can be easily proved that… Gl?P.BCW.&  
3. It is true that… LVPt*S=/  
4. No one can deny that - XE79 fQ  
5. One thing which is equally important to the above mentioned is… xT_fr,P  
6. The chief reason is that… t] n(5!L(  
7. We must recognize that… (P E# Y(  
8. There is on doubt that… K$MJ#Zx^  
9. I am of the opinion that… #JJp:S~`   
10. This can be expressed as follows; r*X}3t*  
11. To take …for an example… |@o]X?^  
12. We have reason to believe that ka?IX9t\  
13. Now that we know that… ) xfc-Q  
14. Among the most convincing reasons given, one should be mentioned… cCo07R  
15. The change in …largely results from the fact that Gt\ K Ln  
16. There are several causes for this significant growth in…,first …,second …,finally… Ft%TnEp  
17. A number of factors could account for the development in… veYsctK~  
18. Perhaps the primary reason is… 37:b D  
19. It is chiefly responsible of… '(3Nopl  
20. The reasons for…are complicated, And probably they are found in the fact… >gX0Ij#G  
21. Here are several possible reasons, excerpt that… Sy+]SeF&  
22. Somebody believes/argues/holds/insists/thinks that… AiyvHt  
23. It is not simple to give the reason for this complicated phenomenon… Z]7;u>2  
24. Different people observes it in different ways. 3PvZ_ !G  
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用于文章的开头 J'G`=m"-'  
1. As the proverb says… s0XRL1kWr  
2. It goes without saying tan… YA^wUx  
3. Generally speaking… j,|1y5f  
4. It is quite clear than because… |"Xi%CQ2  
5. It is often said that … NgE&KPj\  
6. Many people often ask such question:“…？” X YNUss  
7. More and more people have come to realize… O, ``\(P  
8. There is no doubt that… 9Th32}H  
9. Some people believe that… N#pl mPrZ  
10. These days we are often told that, but is this really the case? DK@w^ZW6JA  
11. One great man said that… K+h9bI/Sf  
12. Recently the issue of… has been brought to public attention. yNLa3mW  
13. In the past several years there has been… (:fE _H2z  
14. Now it is commonly held that… but I doubt whether… l$p_])x  
15. Currently there is a widespread concern that… VeN&rjc  
16. Now people in growing number are coming to realize that… s iss_1J  
17. There is a general discussion today about the issue of … Lilk8|?#W  
18. Faced with…, quite a few people argue that…, but other people conceive differently. ~7ATt8T  
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用于文章的结尾 m mJ)m  
1. from this point of view… [KimY  
2. in a word… YA;8uMqh;  
3. in conclusion… 8)-t91hkL  
4. on account of this we can find that… VH7iH|eW  
5. the result is dependent on… WfTdD.Xx  
6. therefore, these findings reveal the following information: D25gg  
7. thus, this is the reason why we must… Z |Lh^G  
8. to sum up … *nsnX/e(-  
9. as far as…be concerned, I believe that… (!>g8=`"  
10. It is obvious that… 7>2j=Y_Kp  
11. There is little doubt that… '#4mDz~  
12. There is no immediate solution to the problem of …, but …might be helpful &Xl_sDvt  
13. None of the solutions is quite satisfactory. The problem should be examined in a new way. K&D}!.~/  
14. It is high time that we put considerable emphasis on… ]!tYrSM!  
15. Taking into account all these factors, we may safely reach the conclustion that… S)'q :`tZo  
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用于论证和说明 0m+5Zn  
1. As it is described that… tls6rto  
2. It has been illustrated that…  P{i8  
3. It provides a good example of… R 6yvpH  
4. We may cite another instance of… <R~~yW:H  
5. History man provides us with the examples of… 0p>:r U~  
6. A number of further facts may be added…
_[OEE<(   
7. The situation is not unique, it is typical of dozens I have heard. eR* ]<0=  
8. A recent investigation indicate that… <C.$Db&9   
9. According to the statistics provided … -< dMD_  
10. According to a latest study, it can be predicted… l#vw L 15  
11. There is no sufficient evidence to show that… m/F(h-?  
12. All available evidence points to the fact that… \I,Dje/:w  
13. Examples given leads me to conclude that… /DG`Hg  
14. It reveals the unquestionable fact that… Ye=7Y57Nr  
15. The idea may be proved by facts… H'h4@S  
16. All the facts suggest that…
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17. No one can deny the fact that… 69I.*[  
18. We may face the undeniable fact that… FiU;>t<)  
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[p:1]

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