医学考博英语破题技巧－－－写作部分

第1页 <*I*#WI&B  
英语作文的总体评分原则（内容与语言两个方面） Dm%Q96*VAq  
记分标准如下： ![!,i\x  
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13-15（20－17）分：内容切题，包括题中所列三方面的内容：清楚表达其内涵，文字连贯；句式有变化，句子结构和用词正确。文章长度符合要求。 c'XSs  
　　10-12（16－13）分：内容切题，包括题中所列三方面的内容；比较清楚地表达其内涵；文字基本连贯；句式有一定变化，句子结构和用词无重大错误。文章长度符合要求。 Z`f?7/"B  
　　7-9（12－9）分：内容切题，基本包括题中所列三方面的内容：基本清楚地表达其内涵；句子结构和用词有少量错误。文章长度符合要求。 O6vHo3k  
　　4-6（8－5）分：内容基本功题，基本包含题中所列三方面的内容；语句可以理解，但有较多的句子结构和词错误。文章长度基本符合要求。 x:i,l:x  
　　1-3（ 4－1）分：基本按要求写作，但只有少数句子可理解。 TV|Z$,6l  
　　0分：文不切题，语句混乱、无法理解。 9@?|rje9  
因此，一篇好的作文应基本达到：  #]QS   
　　1） 有较好的写作基础，文章流畅，遣词造句不当，文章结构完整，内容符合要求； #F6<N]i  
　　2） 语法基本正确； vT MCZ+^g  
　　3） 句法基本准确，句子与句子段落之间过渡连贯； :fDzMD  
　　4） 有一定词汇量，字数符合要求； PZvc4  
　　5） 说理清楚，内容充实。 S?zP; iFj  
6） 就小作文而言，还要做到格式与语域正确。 7Le-f  
7） 书写干净整洁。如果书写较差，以致影响交际，分数会降低一个档次。 %__ @G_M  
考生出现的问题 mML B?I  
不会审题 'f0R/6h\3s  
用汉语思维，逐字翻译。 mE=Tj%+x  
用词搭配不当。 
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词汇量小，拼写困难。 C
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句子逻辑关系混乱。 R6`mmJ+'  
Our English class often told stories. ,$aqF<+;  
应改为：We often told stories in our English class. <IBUl}|\  
不会应用关联词转承上下句子和段落。 APJFy@l}  
People learn English to use it , Some learn it to study or work abroad . Others learn it to read books and magazines in English or have something to do with English-speaking foreigners.采用适当关联词，改进为:people learn English for practical purposes :some learn it to study or work abroad, while others learn it to read or communicate in English. 0C3Y =
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语法错误。 >s!k"s,  
　　i. 分不清及物与不及物动词，例如：rise和raise; hear和listen等 [S-#}C?~  
　　ii. 被动与主动语态的误用，例如：interesting和interested; speaking和spoken 等； Ic^ (6  
　　iii. 词类混淆，将动词或形容词误作名词用，将名词和动词误作形容词用等；例如：benefit和beneficial; difficult和difficulty; pleasure和pleased等。 [w-# !X2y  
　　iv. 混淆可数名词与不可数名词，例如:help, practice 等。 [z*1#lj S  
　　v. 冠词、情态动词、介词、代词等方面的错误，例如：a English book, should did, must done等。 @*uZ+$  
有选择性的记住一些套话或短语：段落连接 &h
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　　(1)“启”，常用于引导文章开头的过渡词有： <[T{q |*  
It is often said that…  XF>!~D  
Generally speaking… I.>8p]X  
As the proverb says… pc QkJF  
It goes without saying that… gxJ12' m  
It is clear/obvious that… ~ 588md :  
Mary people often ask … &O
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　　(2)“承”，常用于第一个扩展段开头的过渡词有： <]_[o:nOP  
It is true that… snNB;hkj  
Everybody knows that… /n:Q>8^n'W  
It can be easily proved that… ^; }Y ZBy  
No one can deny that… '#oH1$W]  
One thing which is equally important to the above mentioned is… " YOl6n  
The chief reason why …is that … s$
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We must recognize that… U'~]^F%eyu  
There is no doubt that… (/9erfuJ  
I am of the opinion that… c+O:n:L  
This can expressed as follows… tO D}&  
To take…for an example (instance) … *+00  
Therefore we should realize that … +tG'  
We have reason to believe that… 1=z\,~b  
We know that… L$"pk{'  
What is more serious is that… yt
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(3)“转”，常用于第二个扩展段开头的过渡词有： 79k+R9m  
Another special consideration in this case is that … fEtBodA
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Besides, we should not neglect that… *iyc,f^w  
However, … O*n@!y e  
But the problem is not so simple, … KFa Yn  
Therefore… rZ.z!10  
But it is a pity that… SP>&+5AydX  
On the other hand, … 5)0'$Xxqa0  
I do not believe that… PeLzZ'$ D  
Perhaps you’ll ask why… sWKdqs  
This may be true, but we still have a problem with regard to… ^7t1'A8e<  
Though we are in basic agreement with … YOA)paq+  
The trouble seems that… M7-2;MZ  
Yet differences will be found, that’s why I feel that… Jc`tOp5  
So long as you regard this as reasonable, you many… Ht]O:io`  
　　(4)“合”，常用结尾段的过渡词有： @Q&k6.{4Z  
In a word, … h}DKFrHW;-  
In sum, … N&|,!Cu  
In conclusion, … T{=&>pNK[  
From this point of view, … 6* 0vUy*"  
On account of this we can find that … 9;L8%T (  
The result is dependent on … r8[)Ccv  
Therefore, these findings reveal the following information… !!cN4X  
Thus, this is the reason why we must… vY,D02EMw  
　　2.句子连接 Z.s0ddMs  
　　(1)“启” 8==_43  
in the first place at present k<NxI\s8]  
currently it goes without saying that 7")~JBH  
lately first _c}# f\ +_  
first of all now D.ySnYzh  
presently firstly &VG  
generally recently N:
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in the beginning to begin with \m:('^\6o  
to start with in general cIP%t pTW.  
　　(2)“承” e{ *yV#Wl  
after a few days after a while gP |>gy#e  
also at any arte n9-WZsc1  
at the same time besides $I4Wl:(~}  
by this time certainly T8yMaC  
consequently for example V7cr%tY5  
for instance for this purpose b/ h#{'  
from now on furthermore 3e1P!^'\  
in addition in addition to… \)ZC
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in fact in other words tg\o"QKW9  
in particular in the same manner c%1{l]   
incidentally indeed OB*V4Yv  
meanwhile moreover !(Y,2{  
no doubt obviously % joL}f[  
of course particularly P+QL||>L  
second secondly aPQxpK?  
similarly so P%N)]b<c*  
soon still *N"CV={No  
then third 7!\zo mx  
thirdly truly d`~~Ww1  
unlike… what is more bvZ:5M  
　　(3)“转” `*D"=5G+  
after all all the same MH9vg5QKp  
anyway at the same time JYv<QsD  
but by this time _ElG&hyp  
conversely despite… l5\
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especially… fortunately yxU9W,D v  
however in other words S4'<kF0z  
in particular in spite of… 5$+ssR_?k  
in the same way likewise 9%1J..c  
luckily nevertheless S>S7\b'  
no doubt not withstanding … -4zV yW S<  
on the contrary on the other hand &/WE{W  
otherwise perhaps… 5t"FNL <(M  
unfortunately unlike… qZ&~&f|>e  
whereas… yet i^V(LGQF  
nonetheless as a matter of fact xwi6
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(4)“合” )*S:C   
above all accordingly ~!!|#A)W  
as a consequence as a result !!H"B('m  
as has been noted as I have said u+KZ. n/  
at last at length x+pf@?w  
by and large briefly c38XM]Jeq  
by doing so consequently G3%Ju=  
eventually finally ~~ rR< re  
hence in brief y!.jpF'uI  
in conclusion in short 5<R m{  
on the whole therefore >([,yMIY  
thus to speak frankly ``Q6R2[|)  
to sum up to summarize
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indeed surely NX.xEW@  
to conclude obviously G7Sw\wW  
certainly truly HOF$(86zqA  
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常用句型 ACdPF_Y]  
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用于反驳性和比较性论文 n]ba1t8ZA  
1. In general, I don’t agree with 4^F%bXJ)  
2. In my opinion, this point of view doesn’t hold water. t'l4$}(  
3. The chief reason why… is that… D5D *$IC  
4.There is no true that… C;N6",s!  
5. It is not true that… ?<TJ}("/  
6. It can be easily denied than… Jf
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7. We have no reason to believe that… :aej.>I0  
8. What is more serious is that… KBmOi  
9. But it is pity that… d?2ORr|m=  
10. Besides, we should not neglect that… SG&,o=I$  
11. But the problem is not so simple. Therefore… a(~Y:v  
12. Others may find this to be true, but I believer that… ` 3qf}=Z`  
13. Perhaps I was question why… A iM ukd,  
14. There is a certain amount of truth in this, but we still have a problem with regard to… G`Nw]_ Z _  
15. Though we are in basic agreement with…,but iZ-R%-}B  
16. What seems to be the trouble is…  ?<EzILM  
17. Yet differences will be found, that’s why I feel that… IR6W'vA  
18. It would be reasonable to take the view that …, but it would be foolish to claim that… /\w4k  
19. There is in fact on reason for us so believe that… g<W]NYm  
20. What these people fail to consider is that… zjQ746<&)i  
21. It is one thing to insist that… , it is quite another to show that … c>_ti+  
22. Wonderful as A is , however, it has its own disadvantages too. 9&n9J^3L  
23. The advantages of B are much greater than A. wUv?;Y$C  
24. A’s advantage sounds ridiculous when B’s advantages are taken into consideration. QxYm3x5  
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用于描写图表和数据 4v\HaOk  
1. It has increased by three times as compared with that of 1998. gwoe1:F:J  
2. There is an increase of 20% in total this year. .\R9tt}  
3. It has been increased by a factor of 4since 1995.  '"B  
4. It would be expected to increase 5 times. e*7O!Z= O  
5. The table shows a three times increase over that of last year. SGWb*grt  
6. It was decreased twice than that of the year 1996. TEz;:*,CG  
7. The total number was lowered by 10%. E(~7NRRm  
8. It rose from 10-15 percent of the total this year. \f9WpAY  
9. Compared with 1997, it fell from 15 to 10 percent. dk|LC-]`A  
10. The number is 5 times as much as that of 1995. %R0 Wq4}  
11. It has decreased almost two and half times, compared with… NUV">i.(  
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用于解释性和阐述性论说文 fDy*dp4z  
1.Everybody knows that… 46>rvy.r  
2.It can be easily proved that… N%dY.Fk  
3. It is true that… Cn~VJ,l g  
4. No one can deny that m!FuC=e  
5. One thing which is equally important to the above mentioned is… D$}hoM1  
6. The chief reason is that… duG!QS:  
7. We must recognize that… Wk%|%/
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8. There is on doubt that… EF)BezG5y  
9. I am of the opinion that… R-Edht|{  
10. This can be expressed as follows; /e 2zH  
11. To take …for an example… +``vnC  
12. We have reason to believe that %'K RbY  
13. Now that we know that… a|t~&\@  
14. Among the most convincing reasons given, one should be mentioned… w%])  
15. The change in …largely results from the fact that ;J W]b]  
16. There are several causes for this significant growth in…,first …,second …,finally… vb>F)X?b_  
17. A number of factors could account for the development in… H$I~Vz[\yb  
18. Perhaps the primary reason is… ,JwX*L<:  
19. It is chiefly responsible of… & #PPXwmR  
20. The reasons for…are complicated, And probably they are found in the fact… r&LZH.$oh  
21. Here are several possible reasons, excerpt that… vMz|'-rm$  
22. Somebody believes/argues/holds/insists/thinks that… u"0{) ,  
23. It is not simple to give the reason for this complicated phenomenon… Y<T0yl?  
24. Different people observes it in different ways. 'yiv.<4  
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用于文章的开头 yQh O-jT  
1. As the proverb says… m,HE4`g   
2. It goes without saying tan… %+'Ex]B  
3. Generally speaking… kK75(x  
4. It is quite clear than because… 2;Z 0p PR&  
5. It is often said that … 0qN`-0Yk  
6. Many people often ask such question:“…？” cSPQ NYU:  
7. More and more people have come to realize… mqZK1<r  
8. There is no doubt that… ZUI6VM  
9. Some people believe that… B{/og*xd*1  
10. These days we are often told that, but is this really the case? ,b5'<3\  
11. One great man said that… &PJ;B)b  
12. Recently the issue of… has been brought to public attention. W`x.qumN
 
13. In the past several years there has been… znrO~OK  
14. Now it is commonly held that… but I doubt whether… y]Nk^ga:U6  
15. Currently there is a widespread concern that… HO<|EH~lu  
16. Now people in growing number are coming to realize that… |:C0_`M9  
17. There is a general discussion today about the issue of … |3~m8v2-  
18. Faced with…, quite a few people argue that…, but other people conceive differently. C+'-TLeu  
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用于文章的结尾 # `^nmC/F  
1. from this point of view… M-t9M~  
2. in a word… n$2oM5<  
3. in conclusion… K+)3 LR^  
4. on account of this we can find that… o}Grb/LJ  
5. the result is dependent on… (GF}c\=T7  
6. therefore, these findings reveal the following information: K/zb6=->  
7. thus, this is the reason why we must… L;0 NR(b!  
8. to sum up … _.9 5>`  
9. as far as…be concerned, I believe that… P;.roD9  
10. It is obvious that… 9`Qa/Y!  
11. There is little doubt that… kn}^oRT  
12. There is no immediate solution to the problem of …, but …might be helpful '1D$ ;  
13. None of the solutions is quite satisfactory. The problem should be examined in a new way. deAV:c  
14. It is high time that we put considerable emphasis on… 6CFnE7TQf  
15. Taking into account all these factors, we may safely reach the conclustion that… ,f^fr&6jb  
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用于论证和说明 s'yR2JYv  
1. As it is described that… )5( j x  
2. It has been illustrated that… ~R[ k^i.Y  
3. It provides a good example of… CF>&mXg\  
4. We may cite another instance of… D9TjjA|zS  
5. History man provides us with the examples of… K+|XI|1p  
6. A number of further facts may be added… #M~yt`R~  
7. The situation is not unique, it is typical of dozens I have heard.  el2Wk@*  
8. A recent investigation indicate that… Ub\^3f  
9. According to the statistics provided … w= ]A;GgA  
10. According to a latest study, it can be predicted… dDA8IW![S  
11. There is no sufficient evidence to show that… Vz0 (D  
12. All available evidence points to the fact that… ~IYR&GEaUG  
13. Examples given leads me to conclude that… *` mxv0w~(  
14. It reveals the unquestionable fact that… rmggP(  
15. The idea may be proved by facts… 3ibQbk  
16. All the facts suggest that… R +@|#!  
17. No one can deny the fact that… vLxaZWr  
18. We may face the undeniable fact that… l@
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