医学考博英语破题技巧－－－写作部分

第1页 M_ GN 3  
英语作文的总体评分原则（内容与语言两个方面） _:0)uR LS  
记分标准如下： b
6LwKUl  
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13-15（20－17）分：内容切题，包括题中所列三方面的内容：清楚表达其内涵，文字连贯；句式有变化，句子结构和用词正确。文章长度符合要求。 T VuDK  
　　10-12（16－13）分：内容切题，包括题中所列三方面的内容；比较清楚地表达其内涵；文字基本连贯；句式有一定变化，句子结构和用词无重大错误。文章长度符合要求。 M.[A%_|
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　　7-9（12－9）分：内容切题，基本包括题中所列三方面的内容：基本清楚地表达其内涵；句子结构和用词有少量错误。文章长度符合要求。 G T3wJQ5N  
　　4-6（8－5）分：内容基本功题，基本包含题中所列三方面的内容；语句可以理解，但有较多的句子结构和词错误。文章长度基本符合要求。 ](z?zDk  
　　1-3（ 4－1）分：基本按要求写作，但只有少数句子可理解。 FTA[O.tiG  
　　0分：文不切题，语句混乱、无法理解。 5W(S~}  
因此，一篇好的作文应基本达到： clcj5
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　　1） 有较好的写作基础，文章流畅，遣词造句不当，文章结构完整，内容符合要求； Z6`oGFq  
　　2） 语法基本正确； _kJ?mTk  
　　3） 句法基本准确，句子与句子段落之间过渡连贯； xIrRFK9[Q  
　　4） 有一定词汇量，字数符合要求； og! d  
　　5） 说理清楚，内容充实。 dp&bcR&#)  
6） 就小作文而言，还要做到格式与语域正确。 6z(eW]p  
7） 书写干净整洁。如果书写较差，以致影响交际，分数会降低一个档次。 5GwXZ;(G  
考生出现的问题 ]{[8$|Mg  
不会审题 E8:4Z$|c  
用汉语思维，逐字翻译。 HfF4BQxm  
用词搭配不当。 xyoh B#'W  
词汇量小，拼写困难。 Hko(@z  
句子逻辑关系混乱。 .Fz5K&E=  
Our English class often told stories. &|:T+LVv$+  
应改为：We often told stories in our English class. dwQ*OxFl  
不会应用关联词转承上下句子和段落。 'pUJlPGx  
People learn English to use it , Some learn it to study or work abroad . Others learn it to read books and magazines in English or have something to do with English-speaking foreigners.采用适当关联词，改进为:people learn English for practical purposes :some learn it to study or work abroad, while others learn it to read or communicate in English. sF/X#GG-  
语法错误。 8Jz/'  
　　i. 分不清及物与不及物动词，例如：rise和raise; hear和listen等 4zF|}aiQ  
　　ii. 被动与主动语态的误用，例如：interesting和interested; speaking和spoken 等； 0P5!fXs*  
　　iii. 词类混淆，将动词或形容词误作名词用，将名词和动词误作形容词用等；例如：benefit和beneficial; difficult和difficulty; pleasure和pleased等。 `%2e?"OOJ  
　　iv. 混淆可数名词与不可数名词，例如:help, practice 等。 . k6)  
　　v. 冠词、情态动词、介词、代词等方面的错误，例如：a English book, should did, must done等。 ^jO$nPDd  
有选择性的记住一些套话或短语：段落连接 A/ eZ!"Y  
　　(1)“启”，常用于引导文章开头的过渡词有： T4W"!4[  
It is often said that… !  Z e  
Generally speaking… h=q%h8  
As the proverb says… OFJ T  
It goes without saying that… a{lDHk`Wf  
It is clear/obvious that… JlR'w]d M,  
Mary people often ask … }OeEv@^  
　　(2)“承”，常用于第一个扩展段开头的过渡词有： ?kICYtY:_b  
It is true that… CS 7"mE`{  
Everybody knows that… w"CcWng1  
It can be easily proved that… kRs24=  
No one can deny that… TtL2}Wdd.%  
One thing which is equally important to the above mentioned is… w8t,?dY
 
The chief reason why …is that … hT&,5zaWdv  
We must recognize that… ~Od4( }/G  
There is no doubt that… DPfP)J:~  
I am of the opinion that… 2Yx6.e<  
This can expressed as follows… @<]xbWhuw  
To take…for an example (instance) … @!\g+z_"  
Therefore we should realize that … YyX/:1 sg>  
We have reason to believe that… H|='|k5Y.  
We know that… #e.2m5T  
What is more serious is that… o~ .[sn5l-  
(3)“转”，常用于第二个扩展段开头的过渡词有： ]McLace&  
Another special consideration in this case is that … pRtxyL"y  
Besides, we should not neglect that… ?~rF3M.=|  
However, … 0s = h*"[  
But the problem is not so simple, … -OpI,qyS  
Therefore… :GC<U|p  
But it is a pity that… P>=~\v nN#  
On the other hand, … y D.S"  
I do not believe that… ;T2)nSAqt  
Perhaps you’ll ask why… \4wM8j  
This may be true, but we still have a problem with regard to… X75>C<  
Though we are in basic agreement with … rE"`q1b#  
The trouble seems that… Ebp^-I9.d  
Yet differences will be found, that’s why I feel that… >_U)=q  
So long as you regard this as reasonable, you many… P
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　　(4)“合”，常用结尾段的过渡词有： XM3N>OR.  
In a word, … 'v4#mf  
In sum, … v'B++-%  
In conclusion, … N<+ > <>9  
From this point of view, … St&xe_:^<  
On account of this we can find that … cbl@V 1  
The result is dependent on … i TY4X:x  
Therefore, these findings reveal the following information… )J8dm'wH92  
Thus, this is the reason why we must… cu|gM[  
　　2.句子连接 w!)B\l^+c  
　　(1)“启” JwbC3t):@  
in the first place at present <CJua1l\  
currently it goes without saying that
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lately first } ab@Nd$  
first of all now Lm\N`  
presently firstly XF(I$Mxl6  
generally recently Nh~ Hh(  
in the beginning to begin with -;'8#"{`^  
to start with in general ~fB: >ceD  
　　(2)“承” "K`B'/08^  
after a few days after a while ,"  
also at any arte $x 6Rm
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at the same time besides z71.5n!C  
by this time certainly (E59)z -  
consequently for example )I{41/_YA  
for instance for this purpose n>jb<uz  
from now on furthermore OBi9aFoQ  
in addition in addition to… w"$CV@AJ  
in fact in other words z`((l#(  
in particular in the same manner ]K0<DO9  
incidentally indeed WM NcPHcj  
meanwhile moreover (;P)oB" `C  
no doubt obviously :U)q(.53  
of course particularly jZS6f*$  
second secondly )YRVy  
similarly so qI\qpWS\  
soon still q$e2x=?  
then third ,i#]&f`c;5  
thirdly truly -}1S6dzr  
unlike… what is more FOgF'!K  
　　(3)“转” jFpXTy[>  
after all all the same !YSAQi ;I  
anyway at the same time |_8::kir:  
but by this time AZz }  
conversely despite…  d_gm'  
especially… fortunately "2(lgxhj  
however in other words 5WgdgDb@L  
in particular in spite of… Fh9` 8  
in the same way likewise PmyS6a@  
luckily nevertheless EC$wi|i  
no doubt not withstanding … g #u1.|s&p  
on the contrary on the other hand KG)7hja<6g  
otherwise perhaps… qPuxYU  
unfortunately unlike… Ox.&tW%@  
whereas… yet 7g}4gX's  
nonetheless as a matter of fact RzQ1Wq  
(4)“合” x+l.04a@  
above all accordingly dN\Byl(6  
as a consequence as a result Mz# &"WjF  
as has been noted as I have said &}@U#w]l  
at last at length |4aV~n[>#  
by and large briefly $r*7)/  
by doing so consequently cOcF 
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eventually finally >'wl)j$  
hence in brief 4]A2Jl E  
in conclusion in short uS<7X7|!0  
on the whole therefore K#H}=Y A  
thus to speak frankly =i
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to sum up to summarize W,5A|Q~  
indeed surely )n}Wb+2I  
to conclude obviously ,@jRe&6  
certainly truly H!Z=}>TN  
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常用句型 e  p~3e5  
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用于反驳性和比较性论文 (g xCP3  
1. In general, I don’t agree with zJWBov
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2. In my opinion, this point of view doesn’t hold water. h!ZEZ|{  
3. The chief reason why… is that… _"_ W KlN  
4.There is no true that… |F[E h ~  
5. It is not true that… CwZ+Pn0  
6. It can be easily denied than… #-dfG
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7. We have no reason to believe that… eBX#^  
8. What is more serious is that… [~9rp]<  
9. But it is pity that… a5ZU"6Hi  
10. Besides, we should not neglect that…
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11. But the problem is not so simple. Therefore… :L#t?~  
12. Others may find this to be true, but I believer that… =8O057y  
13. Perhaps I was question why… {E1g+><  
14. There is a certain amount of truth in this, but we still have a problem with regard to… S%gb1's  
15. Though we are in basic agreement with…,but Wc [@,  
16. What seems to be the trouble is… \9;u.&$mNB  
17. Yet differences will be found, that’s why I feel that… ~L(=-B`Ow  
18. It would be reasonable to take the view that …, but it would be foolish to claim that… bg;NBoZd  
19. There is in fact on reason for us so believe that… B2t.;uz(,  
20. What these people fail to consider is that… XlIRedZ{  
21. It is one thing to insist that… , it is quite another to show that … #mwV66'
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22. Wonderful as A is , however, it has its own disadvantages too. x'kw
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23. The advantages of B are much greater than A. wJ@8-H 8}  
24. A’s advantage sounds ridiculous when B’s advantages are taken into consideration. =S/$h}Vi  
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用于描写图表和数据 b:3n)-V{u  
1. It has increased by three times as compared with that of 1998. Qb}7lm{r  
2. There is an increase of 20% in total this year. Fgq"d7`9@  
3. It has been increased by a factor of 4since 1995. j~,7JJ (y  
4. It would be expected to increase 5 times. RK?b/9y  
5. The table shows a three times increase over that of last year. aiVd^(  
6. It was decreased twice than that of the year 1996. 4GWt.+{J$  
7. The total number was lowered by 10%. 9Axk-c  
8. It rose from 10-15 percent of the total this year. |S48xsFv
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9. Compared with 1997, it fell from 15 to 10 percent. (\m4o   
10. The number is 5 times as much as that of 1995. `&$"oW{HW  
11. It has decreased almost two and half times, compared with… <,p|3p3  
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用于解释性和阐述性论说文 |_L\^T|6  
1.Everybody knows that… ULc oti=,  
2.It can be easily proved that… tWR>I$O8F  
3. It is true that… tdSy&]P  
4. No one can deny that -=BQVJ_dK{  
5. One thing which is equally important to the above mentioned is… Dyv 6K_,  
6. The chief reason is that… h|OqM:J
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7. We must recognize that… `|K30hRp:  
8. There is on doubt that… e! V`cg0  
9. I am of the opinion that… ({ 'I;]AQ  
10. This can be expressed as follows; !4-B xeNY\  
11. To take …for an example… rX*4$d0  
12. We have reason to believe that rlG&wX  
13. Now that we know that… ]la8MaZ<  
14. Among the most convincing reasons given, one should be mentioned… x 'Pp!  
15. The change in …largely results from the fact that S <~"\<ED  
16. There are several causes for this significant growth in…,first …,second …,finally… :*
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17. A number of factors could account for the development in… I^|6gaP|6  
18. Perhaps the primary reason is… d`]|i:*q  
19. It is chiefly responsible of… 2eErvfC[  
20. The reasons for…are complicated, And probably they are found in the fact… 1L722I@  
21. Here are several possible reasons, excerpt that… :SFcnYv0  
22. Somebody believes/argues/holds/insists/thinks that… RbB y8ZVM  
23. It is not simple to give the reason for this complicated phenomenon… tlhYk=yq  
24. Different people observes it in different ways. df@IC@`pB  
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用于文章的开头 _  dFZR  
1. As the proverb says… t\LAotTF/  
2. It goes without saying tan… |"V]$s$ c  
3. Generally speaking… cHN eiOF  
4. It is quite clear than because… qK}4r5U  
5. It is often said that … lm'L-ZPN  
6. Many people often ask such question:“…？” S[!sJ-rG  
7. More and more people have come to realize… EHpIbj;n  
8. There is no doubt that… cRYnQ{$'  
9. Some people believe that… >q+o MrU  
10. These days we are often told that, but is this really the case? f#~X4@DH`  
11. One great man said that… Fkgnc{NI  
12. Recently the issue of… has been brought to public attention. &8VB{S>r  
13. In the past several years there has been… _@U?;73"5  
14. Now it is commonly held that… but I doubt whether… &)F8i#M  
15. Currently there is a widespread concern that… sg@)IEg</v  
16. Now people in growing number are coming to realize that… &YMz3ugI  
17. There is a general discussion today about the issue of … aXi5~,Ks_  
18. Faced with…, quite a few people argue that…, but other people conceive differently. RmXC ^VQ  
E]G#"EV!Y  
用于文章的结尾 cEkf9:_La  
1. from this point of view… K_\fO|<k  
2. in a word… )b<-=VR  
3. in conclusion… C@!C='b,  
4. on account of this we can find that… e[txJ*SuO  
5. the result is dependent on… 8m? 9?OV5  
6. therefore, these findings reveal the following information: QWt?` h=  
7. thus, this is the reason why we must… pqaQ%|<  
8. to sum up … {(mT,}`4  
9. as far as…be concerned, I believe that… hoy+J/  
10. It is obvious that… R"Ol'y{  
11. There is little doubt that… wps`2`z  
12. There is no immediate solution to the problem of …, but …might be helpful i <KWFF #  
13. None of the solutions is quite satisfactory. The problem should be examined in a new way. FD?!bI4  
14. It is high time that we put considerable emphasis on… #=)(t${7'  
15. Taking into account all these factors, we may safely reach the conclustion that… lq2Ah=FuN  
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用于论证和说明 i:ar{ q  
1. As it is described that… Z i-)PK^  
2. It has been illustrated that… Uj!3H]d  
3. It provides a good example of… Rv9oK-S  
4. We may cite another instance of… [kf$82  
5. History man provides us with the examples of… Ap}^6_YXd  
6. A number of further facts may be added… m.ib#Y)y  
7. The situation is not unique, it is typical of dozens I have heard. W5a)`
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8. A recent investigation indicate that… =rBNEd  
9. According to the statistics provided … w6C0]vh  
10. According to a latest study, it can be predicted… & A=>x  
11. There is no sufficient evidence to show that… L"Y_:l3"7  
12. All available evidence points to the fact that… Gc=#  
13. Examples given leads me to conclude that… }S{#DgZ@X  
14. It reveals the unquestionable fact that… '1?
b?nVo  
15. The idea may be proved by facts… H]@M00C  
16. All the facts suggest that… ;>?
NH6B,  
17. No one can deny the fact that… j6wdqa9!~  
18. We may face the undeniable fact that… eNN)2-96  
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