医学考博英语破题技巧－－－写作部分

第1页 WnUYZ_+e!  
英语作文的总体评分原则（内容与语言两个方面） GW`9SB  
记分标准如下： B
S+N   
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13-15（20－17）分：内容切题，包括题中所列三方面的内容：清楚表达其内涵，文字连贯；句式有变化，句子结构和用词正确。文章长度符合要求。 `+]4C+w  
　　10-12（16－13）分：内容切题，包括题中所列三方面的内容；比较清楚地表达其内涵；文字基本连贯；句式有一定变化，句子结构和用词无重大错误。文章长度符合要求。 lm]4zs /A  
　　7-9（12－9）分：内容切题，基本包括题中所列三方面的内容：基本清楚地表达其内涵；句子结构和用词有少量错误。文章长度符合要求。 e:!&y\'"9  
　　4-6（8－5）分：内容基本功题，基本包含题中所列三方面的内容；语句可以理解，但有较多的句子结构和词错误。文章长度基本符合要求。 \7gLk:  
　　1-3（ 4－1）分：基本按要求写作，但只有少数句子可理解。 ;t"#7\  
　　0分：文不切题，语句混乱、无法理解。 f4`=yj*  
因此，一篇好的作文应基本达到： f5d"H6%L  
　　1） 有较好的写作基础，文章流畅，遣词造句不当，文章结构完整，内容符合要求； A9$q;8= <  
　　2） 语法基本正确； mm:\a-8j  
　　3） 句法基本准确，句子与句子段落之间过渡连贯； 8BLtTpu  
　　4） 有一定词汇量，字数符合要求； *>S\i7RET  
　　5） 说理清楚，内容充实。 oDM}h +  
6） 就小作文而言，还要做到格式与语域正确。 HPr5mWs:  
7） 书写干净整洁。如果书写较差，以致影响交际，分数会降低一个档次。 mY;Y$fz;xL  
考生出现的问题 (j}"1  
不会审题 H%Q@DW8~@  
用汉语思维，逐字翻译。 g3Kc? wTC  
用词搭配不当。 J%3S3C2*m  
词汇量小，拼写困难。 _YO`x  
句子逻辑关系混乱。 *vUKh^="  
Our English class often told stories. ykX}T6T  
应改为：We often told stories in our English class. @x"vGYKd  
不会应用关联词转承上下句子和段落。 a|TP2m  
People learn English to use it , Some learn it to study or work abroad . Others learn it to read books and magazines in English or have something to do with English-speaking foreigners.采用适当关联词，改进为:people learn English for practical purposes :some learn it to study or work abroad, while others learn it to read or communicate in English. im4V6 f;%  
语法错误。 Aw9^}k}UfD  
　　i. 分不清及物与不及物动词，例如：rise和raise; hear和listen等 MP;7u%   
　　ii. 被动与主动语态的误用，例如：interesting和interested; speaking和spoken 等； r yN/sjQC  
　　iii. 词类混淆，将动词或形容词误作名词用，将名词和动词误作形容词用等；例如：benefit和beneficial; difficult和difficulty; pleasure和pleased等。 (lS&P"Xi  
　　iv. 混淆可数名词与不可数名词，例如:help, practice 等。 ak 0KrVF  
　　v. 冠词、情态动词、介词、代词等方面的错误，例如：a English book, should did, must done等。 mi%d([)%<  
有选择性的记住一些套话或短语：段落连接 ]%ikr&78u  
　　(1)“启”，常用于引导文章开头的过渡词有： 7cY_=X-?Y  
It is often said that… )5Gzk&|  
Generally speaking… VO#]IXaP  
As the proverb says… Y@_ i32,r  
It goes without saying that… YeYF Pi#  
It is clear/obvious that… byyz\>yAVq  
Mary people often ask … n=L;(jp<j  
　　(2)“承”，常用于第一个扩展段开头的过渡词有： l J;wl|9  
It is true that… $2 ~A^#"0  
Everybody knows that… tiI>iP`!  
It can be easily proved that… }bAd@a9>3  
No one can deny that… nPR_:_^  
One thing which is equally important to the above mentioned is… k IP~XV~  
The chief reason why …is that … _I3j7
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We must recognize that… .LN&EfMenF  
There is no doubt that… X./8 PK?&  
I am of the opinion that… Z\6azhbI}  
This can expressed as follows… ol:,02E&  
To take…for an example (instance) … ?dC[VYC\^  
Therefore we should realize that … Q?I)1][ !"  
We have reason to believe that… %
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We know that… `i,ZwnLh{  
What is more serious is that… qs\ &C  
(3)“转”，常用于第二个扩展段开头的过渡词有： n|yl3v  
Another special consideration in this case is that …  Pb+oV  
Besides, we should not neglect that… J<>z}L{  
However, … LV4
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But the problem is not so simple, … -Z4J?b  
Therefore… 0r_8/|N#  
But it is a pity that… Rr|VGtg  
On the other hand, … ~;Ss)d  
I do not believe that… f?2Y np=@  
Perhaps you’ll ask why… (GMKIw2  
This may be true, but we still have a problem with regard to… STVJu![  
Though we are in basic agreement with … h" P4  
The trouble seems that… NA]7qb%%<  
Yet differences will be found, that’s why I feel that… 42Tjbten_u  
So long as you regard this as reasonable, you many… /49PF:$?  
　　(4)“合”，常用结尾段的过渡词有： U@ALo  
In a word, … vD[@cm  
In sum, … #CW]70H`  
In conclusion, … e ! 6SJ7xC  
From this point of view, … ]BO{Q+?d2  
On account of this we can find that … 9bMM-~  
The result is dependent on … rf@/<Wu  
Therefore, these findings reveal the following information… dt',)i8D  
Thus, this is the reason why we must… _B8e1an  
　　2.句子连接 PxfeU2^{0  
　　(1)“启” y$r9Y !?s  
in the first place at present fB3O zff  
currently it goes without saying that P qagep d  
lately first [{}9"zB$x0  
first of all now 5y(irbk7  
presently firstly 5caYA&R  
generally recently +y6|Nq  
in the beginning to begin with cEsBKaN
 
to start with in general `yP-,lA$  
　　(2)“承” c 72Oy+#  
after a few days after a while `RthX\Tof  
also at any arte F}H!vh[  
at the same time besides yz9`1R2c  
by this time certainly yx{Ac|<mR  
consequently for example ,RCjfXa  
for instance for this purpose x3PeU_9  
from now on furthermore \CUxGyu  
in addition in addition to… rHT8a^MO  
in fact in other words S/~6%uJ  
in particular in the same manner ~1
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incidentally indeed UM|GX  
meanwhile moreover jph~g*Z  
no doubt obviously 2Mu-c:1  
of course particularly e&;c^Z  
second secondly &0(2Z^Z>fw  
similarly so _\@i&3hkx  
soon still :Jhx4/10  
then third B
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thirdly truly k_P`t[YZV  
unlike… what is more R&ou4Y:DG  
　　(3)“转” )@R:$l86  
after all all the same Gk[P-%%b /  
anyway at the same time P2`ks[u+i  
but by this time Mh~T.;f.qq  
conversely despite… >x2T'  
especially… fortunately ,Yi =s;E  
however in other words :6HMb^4  
in particular in spite of… ;Jx ^  
in the same way likewise ]\#RsVX  
luckily nevertheless ]"/ *7NM  
no doubt not withstanding … GExG1n-  
on the contrary on the other hand Z #V[N9L  
otherwise perhaps… _F@FcFG1Z*  
unfortunately unlike… h(G&X9*  
whereas… yet i3e|j(Gs4  
nonetheless as a matter of fact B5I(ai7<M  
(4)“合” tmb0zuJ&C!  
above all accordingly p%3';7W\  
as a consequence as a result #e8CuS  
as has been noted as I have said FfD2 &(-R  
at last at length }DZkCzK  
by and large briefly F&cA!~  
by doing so consequently i^QcW!X&  
eventually finally @&EP& $*  
hence in brief <n6/np!  
in conclusion in short }:jXl!:V  
on the whole therefore [Xz7.<0#U  
thus to speak frankly (1Kh9w:^"  
to sum up to summarize ait/|a  
indeed surely eGguq~s`  
to conclude obviously GGLVv)  
certainly truly ~&yaIuW
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常用句型 nZ%<2  
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用于反驳性和比较性论文 \7/xb{z|  
1. In general, I don’t agree with Sk1yend4  
2. In my opinion, this point of view doesn’t hold water. G7),!Qol  
3. The chief reason why… is that… #v~5f;[AAs  
4.There is no true that… /\=g; o'  
5. It is not true that… W5yqnjK $4  
6. It can be easily denied than… U#Z}a d?VX  
7. We have no reason to believe that… /Wj9Stj5  
8. What is more serious is that… 9^aMmN&6N2  
9. But it is pity that… a]ftE\99  
10. Besides, we should not neglect that… f|< *2Mk  
11. But the problem is not so simple. Therefore… qQ|v~
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12. Others may find this to be true, but I believer that… >yL8C:J9  
13. Perhaps I was question why… R"82=">v  
14. There is a certain amount of truth in this, but we still have a problem with regard to… Qb SX'mx<  
15. Though we are in basic agreement with…,but "0]i4d1l  
16. What seems to be the trouble is… /[us;=CM  
17. Yet differences will be found, that’s why I feel that… my*/MC^O  
18. It would be reasonable to take the view that …, but it would be foolish to claim that… 1YS{; y[o  
19. There is in fact on reason for us so believe that… _$ F I>  
20. What these people fail to consider is that… ,I)/ V>u  
21. It is one thing to insist that… , it is quite another to show that … mT)iN`$Y@  
22. Wonderful as A is , however, it has its own disadvantages too. #^eviF8  
23. The advantages of B are much greater than A. Bh@j6fv  
24. A’s advantage sounds ridiculous when B’s advantages are taken into consideration. Rr:,'cXGi  
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用于描写图表和数据 c"fnTJXr79  
1. It has increased by three times as compared with that of 1998. _STN^   
2. There is an increase of 20% in total this year. j4Lf6aUOX  
3. It has been increased by a factor of 4since 1995. /<M08ze  
4. It would be expected to increase 5 times. PiM@iS  
5. The table shows a three times increase over that of last year. xy[R9_V  
6. It was decreased twice than that of the year 1996. WzZb-F  
7. The total number was lowered by 10%. 3VKArv-  
8. It rose from 10-15 percent of the total this year. ZG<<6y*.  
9. Compared with 1997, it fell from 15 to 10 percent. rbs:q
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10. The number is 5 times as much as that of 1995. up`!r;5-  
11. It has decreased almost two and half times, compared with… &s\w: 9In  
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用于解释性和阐述性论说文 RV7l=G9tq  
1.Everybody knows that… CYs:P8^  
2.It can be easily proved that… ] S]F&B M|  
3. It is true that… t|d9EC]c(  
4. No one can deny that ?MyXii<a  
5. One thing which is equally important to the above mentioned is… 2et7Vw  
6. The chief reason is that… I=|b3-  
7. We must recognize that… E_7N^htv  
8. There is on doubt that… ;#cb%e3  
9. I am of the opinion that… A2g+m  
10. This can be expressed as follows; 7k{C'\m  
11. To take …for an example… )<t5' +d%  
12. We have reason to believe that
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13. Now that we know that… `/8Dmg  
14. Among the most convincing reasons given, one should be mentioned… E"nIC,VZ  
15. The change in …largely results from the fact that PiP\T.XANa  
16. There are several causes for this significant growth in…,first …,second …,finally… tJ i#bg%  
17. A number of factors could account for the development in… (%YFcE)SRS  
18. Perhaps the primary reason is… >@rsh-Z  
19. It is chiefly responsible of… j0~]o})@i  
20. The reasons for…are complicated, And probably they are found in the fact… SBgBZm}%  
21. Here are several possible reasons, excerpt that… "VRcR  
22. Somebody believes/argues/holds/insists/thinks that… lqT
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23. It is not simple to give the reason for this complicated phenomenon… nM>oG'm[n  
24. Different people observes it in different ways. %!mJnc%  
@~qlSU&  
用于文章的开头 # 4L[8(+V  
1. As the proverb says… =rM T1  
2. It goes without saying tan… wKIQK!B)mF  
3. Generally speaking… MuQyHEDF  
4. It is quite clear than because… yF8 av=<{  
5. It is often said that … 6-c3v  
6. Many people often ask such question:“…？” p 'M5]G  
7. More and more people have come to realize… n*D-01vYP  
8. There is no doubt that… J=JYf_=4bc  
9. Some people believe that… FctqE/>}I  
10. These days we are often told that, but is this really the case? meA=lg?  
11. One great man said that… cah1'Y  
12. Recently the issue of… has been brought to public attention. mEyJ o|  
13. In the past several years there has been… L0H;y6&  
14. Now it is commonly held that… but I doubt whether… =iO K($  
15. Currently there is a widespread concern that… aVN
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16. Now people in growing number are coming to realize that… =ZR9zL=h  
17. There is a general discussion today about the issue of … $hZb<Xz  
18. Faced with…, quite a few people argue that…, but other people conceive differently. DN3#W w2[r  
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用于文章的结尾 ,\laqH\ 1%  
1. from this point of view… J6r"_>)z  
2. in a word… &MKG#Y}  
3. in conclusion… {>PN}fk2QP  
4. on account of this we can find that… v]SHude{  
5. the result is dependent on… $<cio X  
6. therefore, these findings reveal the following information: <ZG EmQ  
7. thus, this is the reason why we must… \n$s5i-  
8. to sum up … +aR.t@D+"Y  
9. as far as…be concerned, I believe that… =oQw?,eY  
10. It is obvious that… nm5zX,  
11. There is little doubt that… K(@QKRZ7[  
12. There is no immediate solution to the problem of …, but …might be helpful Whp;wAz  
13. None of the solutions is quite satisfactory. The problem should be examined in a new way. R1OC7q  
14. It is high time that we put considerable emphasis on… ^wNx5t  
15. Taking into account all these factors, we may safely reach the conclustion that… 6$c,#%Jt*  
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用于论证和说明 '?7th>pC  
1. As it is described that… WwG +Xa  
2. It has been illustrated that… tVVnQX  
3. It provides a good example of… <{!^  
4. We may cite another instance of… ]4~- z3=y  
5. History man provides us with the examples of… Z)}q=NjA  
6. A number of further facts may be added… {];4  
7. The situation is not unique, it is typical of dozens I have heard. :a$ZYyD  
8. A recent investigation indicate that…
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9. According to the statistics provided … at7|r\`?-  
10. According to a latest study, it can be predicted… {g9?Eio^F^  
11. There is no sufficient evidence to show that… @gzm4  
12. All available evidence points to the fact that… #;cDPBv*wS  
13. Examples given leads me to conclude that… 5"(AqXoq  
14. It reveals the unquestionable fact that… +9Z RCmV  
15. The idea may be proved by facts… {6MLbL{
 
16. All the facts suggest that… _\yrR.HIa  
17. No one can deny the fact that… LX A1rgUWT  
18. We may face the undeniable fact that… LL3RC6;e  
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[p:1]

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