医学考博英语破题技巧－－－写作部分

第1页 j>Cp4  
英语作文的总体评分原则（内容与语言两个方面） Z |<  
记分标准如下： 3+H[S#e:Z  
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13-15（20－17）分：内容切题，包括题中所列三方面的内容：清楚表达其内涵，文字连贯；句式有变化，句子结构和用词正确。文章长度符合要求。 $tDM U3,W  
　　10-12（16－13）分：内容切题，包括题中所列三方面的内容；比较清楚地表达其内涵；文字基本连贯；句式有一定变化，句子结构和用词无重大错误。文章长度符合要求。 ]p8<Vluv  
　　7-9（12－9）分：内容切题，基本包括题中所列三方面的内容：基本清楚地表达其内涵；句子结构和用词有少量错误。文章长度符合要求。 $8>II0C.  
　　4-6（8－5）分：内容基本功题，基本包含题中所列三方面的内容；语句可以理解，但有较多的句子结构和词错误。文章长度基本符合要求。 [!U! Z'i  
　　1-3（ 4－1）分：基本按要求写作，但只有少数句子可理解。 0D&-BAzi  
　　0分：文不切题，语句混乱、无法理解。 +Os9}uKf  
因此，一篇好的作文应基本达到： !H~PF*,hY  
　　1） 有较好的写作基础，文章流畅，遣词造句不当，文章结构完整，内容符合要求； fiW2m=h_  
　　2） 语法基本正确； !G;|~|fMV  
　　3） 句法基本准确，句子与句子段落之间过渡连贯； t_id/  
　　4） 有一定词汇量，字数符合要求； !nTI (--  
　　5） 说理清楚，内容充实。 @Wa,  
6） 就小作文而言，还要做到格式与语域正确。 /]9(InM9/  
7） 书写干净整洁。如果书写较差，以致影响交际，分数会降低一个档次。 BB.120v&N  
考生出现的问题 ~{l @
   
不会审题 a!\^O).pA  
用汉语思维，逐字翻译。 K k|mV&3J  
用词搭配不当。 %:\GY
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词汇量小，拼写困难。 HEm XB=  
句子逻辑关系混乱。 CQH^VTQ  
Our English class often told stories. H6<3'P  
应改为：We often told stories in our English class. [FeN(8hGS  
不会应用关联词转承上下句子和段落。 NGmXF_kqN  
People learn English to use it , Some learn it to study or work abroad . Others learn it to read books and magazines in English or have something to do with English-speaking foreigners.采用适当关联词，改进为:people learn English for practical purposes :some learn it to study or work abroad, while others learn it to read or communicate in English. 5W(`lgVs,  
语法错误。 =1zRm >m  
　　i. 分不清及物与不及物动词，例如：rise和raise; hear和listen等 Ted!*HKlB  
　　ii. 被动与主动语态的误用，例如：interesting和interested; speaking和spoken 等； wQojmmQ  
　　iii. 词类混淆，将动词或形容词误作名词用，将名词和动词误作形容词用等；例如：benefit和beneficial; difficult和difficulty; pleasure和pleased等。 "89L^I  
　　iv. 混淆可数名词与不可数名词，例如:help, practice 等。 ! l"*DR  
　　v. 冠词、情态动词、介词、代词等方面的错误，例如：a English book, should did, must done等。 U3t)yr h  
有选择性的记住一些套话或短语：段落连接 x/IAc6H~_8  
　　(1)“启”，常用于引导文章开头的过渡词有： UD_8#DO{m1  
It is often said that… dm"|\7  
Generally speaking… g&X X@I8+v  
As the proverb says… fnK H<  
It goes without saying that… 0r]-Ltvl?}  
It is clear/obvious that… D'Uv7Mis  
Mary people often ask … 4Q~++PKBe  
　　(2)“承”，常用于第一个扩展段开头的过渡词有： (} Y|^uM,  
It is true that… ;9hS_%ldX4  
Everybody knows that… A{)p#K8  
It can be easily proved that… ?J6\?ct4  
No one can deny that… rDC=rG  
One thing which is equally important to the above mentioned is… '[Bok=$B)  
The chief reason why …is that … bP7_QYQ6  
We must recognize that… tW%!|T5/  
There is no doubt that… K.42 VM)F  
I am of the opinion that… Xe@:Aun  
This can expressed as follows… LNF|mS\+D  
To take…for an example (instance) … 4']eJ==OH  
Therefore we should realize that … =qS\+  
We have reason to believe that… B4w/cIj_  
We know that… p s_o:*$l  
What is more serious is that… #W ely~  
(3)“转”，常用于第二个扩展段开头的过渡词有： _o{w<b&  
Another special consideration in this case is that … wPr!.:MF  
Besides, we should not neglect that… 4td9=dNA+l  
However, … hf5+$^RZ  
But the problem is not so simple, … D()tP  
Therefore… =[YjIWr#o  
But it is a pity that… ShJBOaE; -  
On the other hand, … A<[BR*n  
I do not believe that… >44,Dp]  
Perhaps you’ll ask why… @c;:D`\p1C  
This may be true, but we still have a problem with regard to… l*+9R  
Though we are in basic agreement with … zUz j F  
The trouble seems that… 8GT4U5c ;  
Yet differences will be found, that’s why I feel that… ;oVFcZSA  
So long as you regard this as reasonable, you many… )\QPUdOvx  
　　(4)“合”，常用结尾段的过渡词有： \Z$MH`_nu  
In a word, … b}Wm-]|+  
In sum, … ;I]$N]8YI  
In conclusion, … !.[H!-V.  
From this point of view, … PG3,MCf:  
On account of this we can find that … +/!y#&C&*  
The result is dependent on … !]=S A &  
Therefore, these findings reveal the following information… Lo5CVl
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Thus, this is the reason why we must… QI6=[  
　　2.句子连接 ;!pJ%p0Sc  
　　(1)“启” "eR-(c1  
in the first place at present MbyV_A`r_  
currently it goes without saying that `f\+aD'u  
lately first &eWnS~hJ  
first of all now xv0y?#`z  
presently firstly -k,?cEjCs  
generally recently F3&:KZ!V&m  
in the beginning to begin with ?T_bjALW  
to start with in general |!uC [=  
　　(2)“承” c<imqDf  
after a few days after a while \x=!'  
also at any arte |]tsf /SA  
at the same time besides uF<\|y rFt  
by this time certainly u^+ (5|  
consequently for example lcuqzX{7  
for instance for this purpose DXx),?s>  
from now on furthermore YbP}d&L  
in addition in addition to… hpzDQ6-Y  
in fact in other words Vl 0Y'@{  
in particular in the same manner 1owe'7\J  
incidentally indeed fP;2qho  
meanwhile moreover BaOPtBYA:  
no doubt obviously #E@X'jwu  
of course particularly okLheF  
second secondly >(eR0.x  
similarly so o`7B@]  
soon still  4B'-tV  
then third j$=MJN0  
thirdly truly mM-7 jz  
unlike… what is more HOlMj!.  
　　(3)“转” },vVc /  
after all all the same KhPDkD-  
anyway at the same time & 6~AY:0r  
but by this time uG7ll5Yy  
conversely despite… Oy~X@A  
especially… fortunately x<h-F  
however in other words ~A-VgBbU>_  
in particular in spite of… eLyaTOZadu  
in the same way likewise -mqTlXM  
luckily nevertheless fg~9{1B
 
no doubt not withstanding … 3k5F$wf  
on the contrary on the other hand ?8R  
otherwise perhaps… LJm Ra  
unfortunately unlike… +@#k<.yqn  
whereas… yet ~VaO,8&+L  
nonetheless as a matter of fact b'TkYa^  
(4)“合” Dp" xO<PE2  
above all accordingly >d#Ks0\&  
as a consequence as a result _-bEnF+/0  
as has been noted as I have said L*Q#!_K0P  
at last at length 0vi\o`**Mj  
by and large briefly h|Udw3N1L  
by doing so consequently :H
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eventually finally }[8Nr+ y  
hence in brief ]^?V8*zL]  
in conclusion in short g'{hp:  
on the whole therefore "ba>.h,#'  
thus to speak frankly oEnCe  
to sum up to summarize  h@"u==0  
indeed surely :h6
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to conclude obviously Ncle8=8  
certainly truly |_
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常用句型 $09PZBF,i  
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用于反驳性和比较性论文 ql c{k/ u  
1. In general, I don’t agree with #ZvDf5A  
2. In my opinion, this point of view doesn’t hold water. VA0p1AD  
3. The chief reason why… is that… 2v9T&xo=  
4.There is no true that… @E@5/N6M  
5. It is not true that…  {]=oOy1  
6. It can be easily denied than… NamO5(1C  
7. We have no reason to believe that… WjsE#9D!of  
8. What is more serious is that… w UBug  
9. But it is pity that…  CH3bpZv  
10. Besides, we should not neglect that… wSP'pM{#2  
11. But the problem is not so simple. Therefore… <>|/U`  
12. Others may find this to be true, but I believer that… E3<~C(APW  
13. Perhaps I was question why… = hse2f  
14. There is a certain amount of truth in this, but we still have a problem with regard to… 4ZN&Yf`  
15. Though we are in basic agreement with…,but i4 Vv6Sx1  
16. What seems to be the trouble is… a]mPc^h  
17. Yet differences will be found, that’s why I feel that… R" '=^  
18. It would be reasonable to take the view that …, but it would be foolish to claim that… -32?]LN}  
19. There is in fact on reason for us so believe that… &!pG1Fp9  
20. What these people fail to consider is that… Y;[#~3CA  
21. It is one thing to insist that… , it is quite another to show that … F;@A2WD  
22. Wonderful as A is , however, it has its own disadvantages too. "P_PqM  
23. The advantages of B are much greater than A. &z"sT*3  
24. A’s advantage sounds ridiculous when B’s advantages are taken into consideration. q&`>&k  
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用于描写图表和数据 Hg}@2n)/  
1. It has increased by three times as compared with that of 1998. "Yu';&  
2. There is an increase of 20% in total this year. CF?TW  
3. It has been increased by a factor of 4since 1995. g9F4nExo  
4. It would be expected to increase 5 times. n-Qpg  
5. The table shows a three times increase over that of last year. C)|{7W  
6. It was decreased twice than that of the year 1996. a6vls]?  
7. The total number was lowered by 10%. HECZZnM  
8. It rose from 10-15 percent of the total this year. N=X(G(  
9. Compared with 1997, it fell from 15 to 10 percent. %ut7T !Jp
 
10. The number is 5 times as much as that of 1995. MJ+]\(  
11. It has decreased almost two and half times, compared with… `mfN3Q*[c  
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用于解释性和阐述性论说文 EN!Q]O|  
1.Everybody knows that… 7P2?SW^
 
2.It can be easily proved that… AX= 4{b'  
3. It is true that… 1-=zSWmyK  
4. No one can deny that o/U"'FP  
5. One thing which is equally important to the above mentioned is… NpIx\\d  
6. The chief reason is that… Vu`O%[Q/  
7. We must recognize that… w 
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8. There is on doubt that… =!RlU)w  
9. I am of the opinion that… Qs^RhF\d  
10. This can be expressed as follows; 07?|"c.  
11. To take …for an example… k^ZcgHHgb  
12. We have reason to believe that B[I a8t  
13. Now that we know that… pxs#OP  
14. Among the most convincing reasons given, one should be mentioned… 6,*o;<k[  
15. The change in …largely results from the fact that dIUg e`O9  
16. There are several causes for this significant growth in…,first …,second …,finally… }gr6na
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17. A number of factors could account for the development in… C6XZZ  
18. Perhaps the primary reason is… {'QA0K  
19. It is chiefly responsible of… Z\`i~  
20. The reasons for…are complicated, And probably they are found in the fact… -PI_*  
21. Here are several possible reasons, excerpt that… @AgV7#  
22. Somebody believes/argues/holds/insists/thinks that… : Nf-} "  
23. It is not simple to give the reason for this complicated phenomenon… .\?)O+J!  
24. Different people observes it in different ways. j0LA  
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用于文章的开头 "s6O|=^*  
1. As the proverb says… ]y3'6!
 
2. It goes without saying tan… TzCNY@y  
3. Generally speaking… B@Ae2_;  
4. It is quite clear than because… L0Fhjbc  
5. It is often said that … zdwr5k  
6. Many people often ask such question:“…？” ;JK!dzi}  
7. More and more people have come to realize… UY
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8. There is no doubt that… k_2W*2'S  
9. Some people believe that… O=HT3gp&  
10. These days we are often told that, but is this really the case? vq df-i  
11. One great man said that… H^N@fG<*dh  
12. Recently the issue of… has been brought to public attention. kO]],Vy`  
13. In the past several years there has been… bUW`MH7yJ  
14. Now it is commonly held that… but I doubt whether… Wm5/>Cu,  
15. Currently there is a widespread concern that… * 7
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16. Now people in growing number are coming to realize that… W6&s_ (  
17. There is a general discussion today about the issue of … 6o
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18. Faced with…, quite a few people argue that…, but other people conceive differently. Hd1e9Q,:|  
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用于文章的结尾 ^_5Nh^  
1. from this point of view… SWX;sM  
2. in a word… ^<0azza/(  
3. in conclusion… {%S>!RA  
4. on account of this we can find that… X]?qns7  
5. the result is dependent on… F8\nAX  
6. therefore, these findings reveal the following information: nyZUf{:  
7. thus, this is the reason why we must… 6#/Riu%  
8. to sum up … ;NrN#<j(!  
9. as far as…be concerned, I believe that… edt(Zzk@3-  
10. It is obvious that… -Mb`I >=  
11. There is little doubt that… r@_`ob RW;  
12. There is no immediate solution to the problem of …, but …might be helpful ;:nO5VFOg  
13. None of the solutions is quite satisfactory. The problem should be examined in a new way. [@U2a$k+d  
14. It is high time that we put considerable emphasis on… Yg5m=Lis  
15. Taking into account all these factors, we may safely reach the conclustion that… ('/5#^%R  
-r9G5Z !|n  
用于论证和说明 QRs!B!Fn0  
1. As it is described that… |O XufV?I  
2. It has been illustrated that… w<?v78s T  
3. It provides a good example of… $7{|  
4. We may cite another instance of…  g?qh  
5. History man provides us with the examples of… <lHelX=/  
6. A number of further facts may be added… ,t4g^67R{  
7. The situation is not unique, it is typical of dozens I have heard. o|\0IG(\  
8. A recent investigation indicate that… T&_!AjH  
9. According to the statistics provided … PTfy#  
10. According to a latest study, it can be predicted… _ri1RK,  
11. There is no sufficient evidence to show that… XG fLi  
12. All available evidence points to the fact that… Y[=Gv6Fr  
13. Examples given leads me to conclude that… ='1J&w~7  
14. It reveals the unquestionable fact that… B
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15. The idea may be proved by facts… "Jw6.q+  
16. All the facts suggest that… #4. S2m4  
17. No one can deny the fact that… `nA_WS  
18. We may face the undeniable fact that… U[\aj;g)  
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