医学考博英语破题技巧－－－写作部分

第1页 ^iTA40K  
英语作文的总体评分原则（内容与语言两个方面） )I#kG{z|P;  
记分标准如下： z}%to
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13-15（20－17）分：内容切题，包括题中所列三方面的内容：清楚表达其内涵，文字连贯；句式有变化，句子结构和用词正确。文章长度符合要求。 :X#(T-!t  
　　10-12（16－13）分：内容切题，包括题中所列三方面的内容；比较清楚地表达其内涵；文字基本连贯；句式有一定变化，句子结构和用词无重大错误。文章长度符合要求。 G~PP1sf  
　　7-9（12－9）分：内容切题，基本包括题中所列三方面的内容：基本清楚地表达其内涵；句子结构和用词有少量错误。文章长度符合要求。 YANEdH`d  
　　4-6（8－5）分：内容基本功题，基本包含题中所列三方面的内容；语句可以理解，但有较多的句子结构和词错误。文章长度基本符合要求。 V6L_aee}CK  
　　1-3（ 4－1）分：基本按要求写作，但只有少数句子可理解。 ~^eAS;  
　　0分：文不切题，语句混乱、无法理解。 d09
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因此，一篇好的作文应基本达到： buoz L a  
　　1） 有较好的写作基础，文章流畅，遣词造句不当，文章结构完整，内容符合要求； TcC=_je460  
　　2） 语法基本正确； sw&Qks?V  
　　3） 句法基本准确，句子与句子段落之间过渡连贯； #wo_  
　　4） 有一定词汇量，字数符合要求； MLDuo|?  
　　5） 说理清楚，内容充实。 1 vThb  
6） 就小作文而言，还要做到格式与语域正确。 DFiexOb  
7） 书写干净整洁。如果书写较差，以致影响交际，分数会降低一个档次。 4ldN0_T5  
考生出现的问题 qGw6Wp~  
不会审题 ~q/`Z)(yc  
用汉语思维，逐字翻译。 L+u_153  
用词搭配不当。 B<)(7GTv7"  
词汇量小，拼写困难。 t!~mbx+  
句子逻辑关系混乱。 WlY%f}ln  
Our English class often told stories. ugCc&~`  
应改为：We often told stories in our English class. 2@H~nw 0  
不会应用关联词转承上下句子和段落。 e#AB0-f  
People learn English to use it , Some learn it to study or work abroad . Others learn it to read books and magazines in English or have something to do with English-speaking foreigners.采用适当关联词，改进为:people learn English for practical purposes :some learn it to study or work abroad, while others learn it to read or communicate in English. aCMcu\rd  
语法错误。 WgIVhj  
　　i. 分不清及物与不及物动词，例如：rise和raise; hear和listen等 { sZrI5  
　　ii. 被动与主动语态的误用，例如：interesting和interested; speaking和spoken 等； CkP!4^J qQ  
　　iii. 词类混淆，将动词或形容词误作名词用，将名词和动词误作形容词用等；例如：benefit和beneficial; difficult和difficulty; pleasure和pleased等。 JvG t=v  
　　iv. 混淆可数名词与不可数名词，例如:help, practice 等。 kTzZj|l^\  
　　v. 冠词、情态动词、介词、代词等方面的错误，例如：a English book, should did, must done等。 l"-D@]"  
有选择性的记住一些套话或短语：段落连接 (d (whlF  
　　(1)“启”，常用于引导文章开头的过渡词有： _x lgsa  
It is often said that… cB<
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Generally speaking… 55AG>j&41
 
As the proverb says… T^79p$  
It goes without saying that… H'P
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It is clear/obvious that… >1r>cZn  
Mary people often ask … <l\FHJhjq  
　　(2)“承”，常用于第一个扩展段开头的过渡词有： (cMrEuv  
It is true that… 3:C *'@  
Everybody knows that… }3+(A`9h f  
It can be easily proved that… o~~_>V)W  
No one can deny that… 4b(iGLrt0  
One thing which is equally important to the above mentioned is… zgO
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The chief reason why …is that … rsIjpPa  
We must recognize that… 4iKT  
There is no doubt that… ;eWVc;H  
I am of the opinion that… !|}>Y  
This can expressed as follows… ld3,)ZY  
To take…for an example (instance) … '; qT
 
Therefore we should realize that … pIh@!C  
We have reason to believe that… 2Aff3]-:Gd  
We know that… H6~QSe0l  
What is more serious is that… j6Vuj/+}  
(3)“转”，常用于第二个扩展段开头的过渡词有： Q.5a"(d@  
Another special consideration in this case is that … - @  
Besides, we should not neglect that… LDbo  
However, … ((H}d?^AJ  
But the problem is not so simple, … /423!g0 Q  
Therefore… @ws3X\`<C  
But it is a pity that… h88 3pe
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On the other hand, … zRu}lJ1#W$  
I do not believe that… i8dv|oa  
Perhaps you’ll ask why… (}}BZS&.  
This may be true, but we still have a problem with regard to… u<):gI  
Though we are in basic agreement with … ]2v31'  
The trouble seems that… =_TCtH  
Yet differences will be found, that’s why I feel that… 03#r F@e  
So long as you regard this as reasonable, you many… @!K)(B;A0b  
　　(4)“合”，常用结尾段的过渡词有： n|{x\@VeF  
In a word, … i1  
In sum, … GT*\gZ  
In conclusion, … /EWF0XV!  
From this point of view, … F%L^k.y$  
On account of this we can find that … <Y9ps`{}:  
The result is dependent on … 0gxbo  
Therefore, these findings reveal the following information… TVYO`9:CW  
Thus, this is the reason why we must… $T~|@XH  
　　2.句子连接 IaN|
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　　(1)“启” n z+DPk["  
in the first place at present kE/>Ys@w  
currently it goes without saying that L1M]ya
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lately first +d]}  
first of all now 5,;{<\c  
presently firstly v?5Xx{ym  
generally recently 7*uG9iX  
in the beginning to begin with Rm"lRkY4I[  
to start with in general ,Rz,[KI|  
　　(2)“承” ME{i-E4  
after a few days after a while &
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also at any arte U
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at the same time besides 'GS1"rkW<5  
by this time certainly  E~jNUTq  
consequently for example d8/lEm v[  
for instance for this purpose vD^^0-Pk6  
from now on furthermore f!eC|:D  
in addition in addition to… rN8 ZQiJC  
in fact in other words u3w `(3{<  
in particular in the same manner fw'$HV76  
incidentally indeed l&^9<th  
meanwhile moreover `yNNpSdS1  
no doubt obviously >{$;O  
of course particularly >pT92VN  
second secondly _LxV)   
similarly so ;M>0,  
soon still o#4Wn'E  
then third Y[X5S{H`wj  
thirdly truly Gq$9he<  
unlike… what is more 
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　　(3)“转” Oh5(8.<y  
after all all the same gjk=`lU  
anyway at the same time T<mk98CdE  
but by this time  Xb&
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conversely despite… A|c
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especially… fortunately 7Z93`A-=  
however in other words _Oh;._PS  
in particular in spite of… nZ$,Bjb
 
in the same way likewise f)vD2_E  
luckily nevertheless r9yUye}  
no doubt not withstanding …   rPZ<  
on the contrary on the other hand DOw< XlvC  
otherwise perhaps… = K"F!}  
unfortunately unlike… ACU0  
whereas… yet X.o
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nonetheless as a matter of fact  @j9yc  
(4)“合” 'N,x=1R5  
above all accordingly /?9e{,\s  
as a consequence as a result +`mJ
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as has been noted as I have said ^r(2 r  
at last at length o//N"S.)  
by and large briefly tJ&S&[}  
by doing so consequently U@BVVH?,o  
eventually finally qu sgX;)  
hence in brief 3 ^{U:"N0  
in conclusion in short .Uh-Wi[  
on the whole therefore +S<2d.&~  
thus to speak frankly c)rI[P7Q  
to sum up to summarize tCI8\~  
indeed surely ~.VWrHC  
to conclude obviously {SqY77  
certainly truly Hq cXP2  
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常用句型 |uj1T=ZY  
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用于反驳性和比较性论文 3543[W#a  
1. In general, I don’t agree with /(W{`  
2. In my opinion, this point of view doesn’t hold water. D<5gdIw  
3. The chief reason why… is that… K)_0ej~C  
4.There is no true that… yE{l Xp;  
5. It is not true that… >|.jG_s  
6. It can be easily denied than… feQ_dA q  
7. We have no reason to believe that… $Z.c9rY1  
8. What is more serious is that… H+zQz8zMC  
9. But it is pity that… &{Uaa  
10. Besides, we should not neglect that… h+R}O9BD  
11. But the problem is not so simple. Therefore… ,y:q]PR  
12. Others may find this to be true, but I believer that… {Y`0}  
13. Perhaps I was question why… e%wbUr]c2  
14. There is a certain amount of truth in this, but we still have a problem with regard to… D 67H56[  
15. Though we are in basic agreement with…,but 14s+&  
16. What seems to be the trouble is… ;6fkG/
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17. Yet differences will be found, that’s why I feel that… T/-PSfbkj  
18. It would be reasonable to take the view that …, but it would be foolish to claim that… |+suGqo  
19. There is in fact on reason for us so believe that… }gag?yQ.^  
20. What these people fail to consider is that… }..}]J;To  
21. It is one thing to insist that… , it is quite another to show that … pC_2_,6$  
22. Wonderful as A is , however, it has its own disadvantages too. IB(IiF5  
23. The advantages of B are much greater than A. {3_ M&$jN  
24. A’s advantage sounds ridiculous when B’s advantages are taken into consideration. dH#o11[  
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用于描写图表和数据 B quyPG"  
1. It has increased by three times as compared with that of 1998. #<yR:3  
2. There is an increase of 20% in total this year. B<8Z?:3YS  
3. It has been increased by a factor of 4since 1995. _$i9Tk
 
4. It would be expected to increase 5 times. iOjmj0  
5. The table shows a three times increase over that of last year. He">kJx  
6. It was decreased twice than that of the year 1996. \W/cC '  
7. The total number was lowered by 10%. `A&64D  
8. It rose from 10-15 percent of the total this year. e-UPu%'  
9. Compared with 1997, it fell from 15 to 10 percent. r4!zA-{  
10. The number is 5 times as much as that of 1995. 3o"~_l$z  
11. It has decreased almost two and half times, compared with… L|!9%X0.  
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用于解释性和阐述性论说文 ',J3^h!b  
1.Everybody knows that… 1xT^ ,e6  
2.It can be easily proved that… =]Qu"nRB  
3. It is true that… zzq/%jki  
4. No one can deny that `P :-a7_  
5. One thing which is equally important to the above mentioned is… mgH4)!Z*56  
6. The chief reason is that… OEq8gpqY  
7. We must recognize that… Q8z>0ci3o  
8. There is on doubt that… |}'}TYX0:  
9. I am of the opinion that… W!GgtQw{F  
10. This can be expressed as follows; LB2 2doW  
11. To take …for an example… 8h;1(S)*Z  
12. We have reason to believe that /c3DltOdr  
13. Now that we know that… *$(9,y\  
14. Among the most convincing reasons given, one should be mentioned… mP3:Fc_G  
15. The change in …largely results from the fact that  BX+-KvT  
16. There are several causes for this significant growth in…,first …,second …,finally… "QGP]F  
17. A number of factors could account for the development in… Lrr6z05FQ  
18. Perhaps the primary reason is… 2{@: :JZ  
19. It is chiefly responsible of… [x-Z)Q.5  
20. The reasons for…are complicated, And probably they are found in the fact… 3#0nus|=S  
21. Here are several possible reasons, excerpt that… `~pB1sS{  
22. Somebody believes/argues/holds/insists/thinks that… Hdj0! bUx  
23. It is not simple to give the reason for this complicated phenomenon… o` ,&yq.  
24. Different people observes it in different ways. f-4<W0%  
;) (qRZd6  
用于文章的开头  ,u
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1. As the proverb says… wQ(ME7t  
2. It goes without saying tan… SQa.xLU  
3. Generally speaking… H-7*)D  
4. It is quite clear than because… ]#S.L'  
5. It is often said that … `=%[  
6. Many people often ask such question:“…？” 2ORWdR.b  
7. More and more people have come to realize… 49HtI9@  
8. There is no doubt that… 8m-jU 5u  
9. Some people believe that… fs>0{  
10. These days we are often told that, but is this really the case? &&JI$x0;  
11. One great man said that… (WN'wp  
12. Recently the issue of… has been brought to public attention. 5 BcuLRId:  
13. In the past several years there has been… bLSI\  
14. Now it is commonly held that… but I doubt whether… k=nfo-h  
15. Currently there is a widespread concern that… 4ol=YGCI_  
16. Now people in growing number are coming to realize that… JL;H:`x  
17. There is a general discussion today about the issue of … D1#E&4   
18. Faced with…, quite a few people argue that…, but other people conceive differently. ;#fB=[vl";  
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用于文章的结尾 ?vf\_R'M  
1. from this point of view… $`_(%tl  
2. in a word… 3<fJ5-z|-  
3. in conclusion… hO{@!H$l  
4. on account of this we can find that… Er{[83   
5. the result is dependent on… \mWXr*;  
6. therefore, these findings reveal the following information: Z4hP  
7. thus, this is the reason why we must… [.dNX  
8. to sum up … CAcnH  
9. as far as…be concerned, I believe that… *;"^b\f5_  
10. It is obvious that…  |nU:  
11. There is little doubt that… |a\s
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12. There is no immediate solution to the problem of …, but …might be helpful l*%voKZG  
13. None of the solutions is quite satisfactory. The problem should be examined in a new way. ua7I K~8l  
14. It is high time that we put considerable emphasis on… yFJ(b%7  
15. Taking into account all these factors, we may safely reach the conclustion that… 36Wuc@<H  
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用于论证和说明 <J
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1. As it is described that… a x 7 M  
2. It has been illustrated that… m\
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3. It provides a good example of… mjs*Z{_F^  
4. We may cite another instance of… G*J(4~Yw}  
5. History man provides us with the examples of… :Q\h'$C  
6. A number of further facts may be added… s/ZOA[Yux  
7. The situation is not unique, it is typical of dozens I have heard. ZMx_J  
8. A recent investigation indicate that… z$;%SYI  
9. According to the statistics provided … {-17;M$  
10. According to a latest study, it can be predicted… cJE2z2uW0
 
11. There is no sufficient evidence to show that… !lu$WJ{M  
12. All available evidence points to the fact that… {MYlW0)~  
13. Examples given leads me to conclude that… YrZAy5\  
14. It reveals the unquestionable fact that… o5Qlp5`:u  
15. The idea may be proved by facts… jh8%Xu]t  
16. All the facts suggest that… ,LzS"lmmo  
17. No one can deny the fact that… 
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18. We may face the undeniable fact that… G]&:">&R  
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