2008中科院英语翻译全文
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One of the most difficult situations that a researcher Z\dILt:#z
can encounter is to see or suspect that a colleague has D8Ni=.ALL
violated the ethical standards of the research ]G| @F
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community. It is easy to find excuses to do nothing, but I<[(hPQUf
someone who has witnessed misconduct has an unmistakable p4aM`PW8>=
obligation to act. At the most immediate level, ncS^NH(&
misconduct can seriously obstruct or damage one's own mP:mzmUw
research or the research of colleagues. More broadly, ;5 IS58L
even a single case of misconduct can malign scientists ugMJ} IGq
and their institutions, result in the imposition of ym ,S /Uz
counterproductive regulations, and shake public }m0Lr:vq<r
confidence in the integrity of science. FIG5]u
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To be sure, raising a concern about unethical conduct is xES+m/?KlZ
rarely an easy thing to do. In some cases, anonymity is ]=]'*Z%
possible-but not always. Reprisals by the accused person urtcSq&H'
and by skeptical colleagues have occurred in the past 9)f1CC]
and have had serious consequences. Any allegation of *N Xwllrci
misconduct is a very important charge that needs to be faMUd#o&
taken seriously. If mishandled, an allegation can Ea P#~x
gravely damage the person charged, the one who makes the %81tVhg
charge, the institutions involved, and science in {P = {)
general. MTLcLmdO
Someone who is confronting a problem involving research ]J htO{
ethics usually has more options than are immediately ~vF.k,
apparent. In most cases the best thing to do is to {]Lc]4J
discuss the situation with a trusted friend or advisor. d(]LRIn~1
In universities, faculty advisors, department chairs, W^y F5
and other senior faculty can be invaluable sources of ngdVRJL
advice in deciding whether to go forward with a } 8r+&e
complaint. "K FCA9u-
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An important consideration is deciding when to put a +vYm:
complaint in writing. Once in writing, universities are O+'Pq,hn
obligated to deal with a complaint in a more formal OSSMIPr
manner than if it is made verbally. Putting a complaint _Ig G8)k;
in writing can have serious consequences for the career KDn`XCnk,
of a scientist and should be undertaken only after } [75`pC~O
thorough consideration. gu"Agct4
The National Science Foundation and Public Health uIWCVR8`Y
Service require all research institutions that receive wI`uAZ="
public funds to have procedures in place to deal with _ H @pYMNH
allegations of unethical practice. These procedures take D/{-
into account fairness for the accused, protection for L8ZCGW\Rr
the accuser, coordination with funding agencies, and 1F$a
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requirements for confidentiality and disclosure. bAW;2
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In addition, many universities and other research Rf8|-G-}#
institutions have designated an ombudsman, ethics _
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officer, or other official who is available to discuss p*dez!
situations involving research ethics. Such discussions b [u_r,b
are carried out in strictest confidence whenever 9O Tw6
possible. Some institutions provide for multiple entry ]cA){^.Jz
points, so that complainants can go to a person with #G]s.b y('
whom they feel comfortable. ls/:/x(5d
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1、广义地说，即使是一个不轨行为，也能中伤科学家和他们的单位，导致不利于科研出成果的法规的实行，并动摇公众对科学诚实性的信心。 s2d;601*b
2、如果处理不当，一个举报能严重伤害被控告者、指控者、有关单位、乃至整个科学。 i5)trSM|
3、在大多数情况下，最好的方法是与一个值得信任的朋友或导师讨论此事。在大学里，指导老师、系主任和其他高级教师，在决定是否提出投诉时，能提供宝贵的意见 %K/rPhU
4、书面投诉对科学家的职业生涯会产生严重后果，只有完全考虑清楚后才能进行。 [bv.`
5、这些措施涉及公平对待被告、保护投诉人、与基金管理机构协调、并根据要求保密及公开。
