2008中科院英语翻译全文 A^y|J ` k|
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One of the most difficult situations that a researcher ucG@?@JENm
can encounter is to see or suspect that a colleague has 3tZ]4ms}
violated the ethical standards of the research \ywXi~+kUv
community. It is easy to find excuses to do nothing, but Zf65 `K3
someone who has witnessed misconduct has an unmistakable b-{=s +
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obligation to act. At the most immediate level, TwVlg ;
misconduct can seriously obstruct or damage one's own @AIaC-,~]
research or the research of colleagues. More broadly, =A!@6Nw
even a single case of misconduct can malign scientists +gJ8{u!=k
and their institutions, result in the imposition of o .qf _A
counterproductive regulations, and shake public t
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confidence in the integrity of science. Od5JG .]
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To be sure, raising a concern about unethical conduct is :F{:Z*Fi0
rarely an easy thing to do. In some cases, anonymity is &'
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possible-but not always. Reprisals by the accused person YYu6W@m]
and by skeptical colleagues have occurred in the past %|oJ>+
and have had serious consequences. Any allegation of 17G'jiY H
misconduct is a very important charge that needs to be .tz
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taken seriously. If mishandled, an allegation can NT+? #0I
gravely damage the person charged, the one who makes the F=a<~EpZ
charge, the institutions involved, and science in 79xx2
general. 2L} SJU k*
Someone who is confronting a problem involving research +E.GLn2 /
ethics usually has more options than are immediately Y<Fz)dQo
apparent. In most cases the best thing to do is to )XzI
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discuss the situation with a trusted friend or advisor. %
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In universities, faculty advisors, department chairs, Ko&>C_N
and other senior faculty can be invaluable sources of v 4.#;F.\m
advice in deciding whether to go forward with a YtfVD7m
complaint. 7|[mz> "d
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An important consideration is deciding when to put a ,H1
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complaint in writing. Once in writing, universities are 9)gC6 IiW
obligated to deal with a complaint in a more formal s8#X3Rp
manner than if it is made verbally. Putting a complaint 1PP $XJtyD
in writing can have serious consequences for the career W>p-u6u%E|
of a scientist and should be undertaken only after 2g>SHS@1>
thorough consideration. 2h=!k|6
The National Science Foundation and Public Health iIq)~e/ Z
Service require all research institutions that receive 4@ML3d/
public funds to have procedures in place to deal with D? 8rO"
allegations of unethical practice. These procedures take v!ujj5-$I
into account fairness for the accused, protection for ZO)S`W
the accuser, coordination with funding agencies, and m$W <
requirements for confidentiality and disclosure. HOE_S!N
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In addition, many universities and other research Qe} `~a9P
institutions have designated an ombudsman, ethics y LdVd
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officer, or other official who is available to discuss j/nWb`#y
situations involving research ethics. Such discussions N. ]qU d
are carried out in strictest confidence whenever C~N/A73gF
possible. Some institutions provide for multiple entry MF'$~gxo
points, so that complainants can go to a person with # P?6@\
whom they feel comfortable. tdSfi<y5I
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1、广义地说，即使是一个不轨行为，也能中伤科学家和他们的单位，导致不利于科研出成果的法规的实行，并动摇公众对科学诚实性的信心。 Pp`*]Ib
2、如果处理不当，一个举报能严重伤害被控告者、指控者、有关单位、乃至整个科学。 bBS,-v N
3、在大多数情况下，最好的方法是与一个值得信任的朋友或导师讨论此事。在大学里，指导老师、系主任和其他高级教师，在决定是否提出投诉时，能提供宝贵的意见 a(9L,v#?
4、书面投诉对科学家的职业生涯会产生严重后果，只有完全考虑清楚后才能进行。 ,Td!|~I|j6
5、这些措施涉及公平对待被告、保护投诉人、与基金管理机构协调、并根据要求保密及公开。
