2008中科院英语翻译全文 )dqR<)
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One of the most difficult situations that a researcher j{ )fC]8H
can encounter is to see or suspect that a colleague has CcBQo8!G
violated the ethical standards of the research W8< @sq~I
community. It is easy to find excuses to do nothing, but 0T(O'v}.
someone who has witnessed misconduct has an unmistakable WUzS l Zq
obligation to act. At the most immediate level, KuIkul9^%
misconduct can seriously obstruct or damage one's own GI}4,!^N
research or the research of colleagues. More broadly, Ob7zu"zr
even a single case of misconduct can malign scientists aXQ&@BZ {j
and their institutions, result in the imposition of P a3{ Ds
counterproductive regulations, and shake public fdN45in=>
confidence in the integrity of science. ^g}L`9fL
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To be sure, raising a concern about unethical conduct is n/xXQ7y
rarely an easy thing to do. In some cases, anonymity is GVeL~Q
possible-but not always. Reprisals by the accused person _2wAaJvA
and by skeptical colleagues have occurred in the past Tw2Xe S
and have had serious consequences. Any allegation of Dq{: R
misconduct is a very important charge that needs to be nUiS<D2
taken seriously. If mishandled, an allegation can n>u .3w
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gravely damage the person charged, the one who makes the \El|U#$u'
charge, the institutions involved, and science in gmXy>{T
general. W/#KX}4
Someone who is confronting a problem involving research y2oB]^z &n
ethics usually has more options than are immediately ` 2Wl
apparent. In most cases the best thing to do is to <E D8"~_
discuss the situation with a trusted friend or advisor. 2 9&sydu
In universities, faculty advisors, department chairs, t.3Ct @wK
and other senior faculty can be invaluable sources of ev~
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advice in deciding whether to go forward with a Ll008.#
complaint. *rS9eej
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An important consideration is deciding when to put a 5W*7q
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complaint in writing. Once in writing, universities are F% F
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obligated to deal with a complaint in a more formal %4bO_vb<9
manner than if it is made verbally. Putting a complaint @N,:x\
in writing can have serious consequences for the career 43vG gGW
of a scientist and should be undertaken only after Mfnlue](
thorough consideration. ygmv_YLjm
The National Science Foundation and Public Health CBiU#h
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Service require all research institutions that receive 4 ^ d+l.F
public funds to have procedures in place to deal with 8QkWgd7y
allegations of unethical practice. These procedures take >2l13^Y
into account fairness for the accused, protection for !^c:'I>~
the accuser, coordination with funding agencies, and d$2@,
requirements for confidentiality and disclosure. T0@](g
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In addition, many universities and other research FRl3\ZDqrb
institutions have designated an ombudsman, ethics " #mXsp-ut
officer, or other official who is available to discuss D8 r >a"gx
situations involving research ethics. Such discussions ?a
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are carried out in strictest confidence whenever Y9
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possible. Some institutions provide for multiple entry ltCwns
points, so that complainants can go to a person with 7Y-FUZ.`>
whom they feel comfortable. OqfhCNAY
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1、广义地说，即使是一个不轨行为，也能中伤科学家和他们的单位，导致不利于科研出成果的法规的实行，并动摇公众对科学诚实性的信心。 t*Z .e.q+
2、如果处理不当，一个举报能严重伤害被控告者、指控者、有关单位、乃至整个科学。 @Og\SZhn
3、在大多数情况下，最好的方法是与一个值得信任的朋友或导师讨论此事。在大学里，指导老师、系主任和其他高级教师，在决定是否提出投诉时，能提供宝贵的意见 {pc f;1^t
4、书面投诉对科学家的职业生涯会产生严重后果，只有完全考虑清楚后才能进行。 |' V<>v.v
5、这些措施涉及公平对待被告、保护投诉人、与基金管理机构协调、并根据要求保密及公开。
