2008中科院英语翻译全文 z HvW@A'F
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One of the most difficult situations that a researcher K )9f\1\
can encounter is to see or suspect that a colleague has F=$U.K~1?
violated the ethical standards of the research . Kk'N
community. It is easy to find excuses to do nothing, but a.Sx MF
someone who has witnessed misconduct has an unmistakable *0%G`Q
obligation to act. At the most immediate level, CSMx
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misconduct can seriously obstruct or damage one's own `w% Qs)2
research or the research of colleagues. More broadly, e:= +~F(f
even a single case of misconduct can malign scientists aX35^K /
and their institutions, result in the imposition of Y!_e ,]GW
counterproductive regulations, and shake public ,}$[;$ye
confidence in the integrity of science. FJ O- p
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To be sure, raising a concern about unethical conduct is `qj24ehc
rarely an easy thing to do. In some cases, anonymity is nnMRp7LQ-
possible-but not always. Reprisals by the accused person &+8cI^ kp
and by skeptical colleagues have occurred in the past 6>/g`%`N
and have had serious consequences. Any allegation of n7'X.=o7
misconduct is a very important charge that needs to be ^9oJuT!tu
taken seriously. If mishandled, an allegation can GhY MO6Q4
gravely damage the person charged, the one who makes the 0%]F&|
charge, the institutions involved, and science in 0 I[3%Q {
general. CWM_J9f
Someone who is confronting a problem involving research ~_"/\; 1
ethics usually has more options than are immediately ~Z
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apparent. In most cases the best thing to do is to 4'0rgS
discuss the situation with a trusted friend or advisor. X##hSGQM
In universities, faculty advisors, department chairs, C2W&*W*
and other senior faculty can be invaluable sources of kV+O|9
advice in deciding whether to go forward with a ;bes #|^F
complaint. I0
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An important consideration is deciding when to put a lAx^!#~\
complaint in writing. Once in writing, universities are SHP _
obligated to deal with a complaint in a more formal Ra^GbT|Z
manner than if it is made verbally. Putting a complaint zsha/:b
in writing can have serious consequences for the career
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of a scientist and should be undertaken only after 3+2cD
thorough consideration. o-%DL*^5
The National Science Foundation and Public Health TSAVX ng
Service require all research institutions that receive 7.`:Z_
public funds to have procedures in place to deal with T_b$8GYfCY
allegations of unethical practice. These procedures take zQ~8( E]Rf
into account fairness for the accused, protection for q3-V_~5^/z
the accuser, coordination with funding agencies, and @`
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requirements for confidentiality and disclosure. !L_\6;aP,x
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In addition, many universities and other research CP!>V:w%9!
institutions have designated an ombudsman, ethics WaYT7 :
officer, or other official who is available to discuss maR5hgWCHe
situations involving research ethics. Such discussions E;Sb
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are carried out in strictest confidence whenever ]Uee!- dZ
possible. Some institutions provide for multiple entry o:ir wfArv
points, so that complainants can go to a person with 4#^?- 6
whom they feel comfortable. amY\1quD|
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1、广义地说，即使是一个不轨行为，也能中伤科学家和他们的单位，导致不利于科研出成果的法规的实行，并动摇公众对科学诚实性的信心。 ``p( )^zT
2、如果处理不当，一个举报能严重伤害被控告者、指控者、有关单位、乃至整个科学。 rG*Zp7{
3、在大多数情况下，最好的方法是与一个值得信任的朋友或导师讨论此事。在大学里，指导老师、系主任和其他高级教师，在决定是否提出投诉时，能提供宝贵的意见 ;>d uY\$<
4、书面投诉对科学家的职业生涯会产生严重后果，只有完全考虑清楚后才能进行。 "Wz#< ! .r
5、这些措施涉及公平对待被告、保护投诉人、与基金管理机构协调、并根据要求保密及公开。
