2008中科院英语翻译全文 K275{ydN
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One of the most difficult situations that a researcher z?I"[M
can encounter is to see or suspect that a colleague has mQka?_if)
violated the ethical standards of the research d"0=.sA
community. It is easy to find excuses to do nothing, but N}\%r&KR=
someone who has witnessed misconduct has an unmistakable GnFm*L
obligation to act. At the most immediate level, Zb4+zps^-
misconduct can seriously obstruct or damage one's own AdgZau[Y6
research or the research of colleagues. More broadly, 9pMXjsE
even a single case of misconduct can malign scientists vKFEA7
and their institutions, result in the imposition of lK%)a + 2
counterproductive regulations, and shake public 9@^N*
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confidence in the integrity of science. Bag_0.H&m
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To be sure, raising a concern about unethical conduct is i* jnC>
rarely an easy thing to do. In some cases, anonymity is I1 +A$<Fa
possible-but not always. Reprisals by the accused person *ORa@ x
and by skeptical colleagues have occurred in the past q5G`N>"V
and have had serious consequences. Any allegation of U9Gg#M4 tY
misconduct is a very important charge that needs to be ecMpU8}rR
taken seriously. If mishandled, an allegation can l[K
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gravely damage the person charged, the one who makes the 1deK}5'
charge, the institutions involved, and science in t3<HE_B |
general. ?Ll1B3 f
Someone who is confronting a problem involving research `1i\8s&O6@
ethics usually has more options than are immediately #}+_Hy
apparent. In most cases the best thing to do is to :4x&B^,53
discuss the situation with a trusted friend or advisor. Ij?Qs{V
In universities, faculty advisors, department chairs, xA>3]<O
and other senior faculty can be invaluable sources of i;<K
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advice in deciding whether to go forward with a wpf
complaint. Mi<}q@]e
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An important consideration is deciding when to put a p]Q( Z
complaint in writing. Once in writing, universities are RPZ
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obligated to deal with a complaint in a more formal mMtv a}=*
manner than if it is made verbally. Putting a complaint \79 aG3MyK
in writing can have serious consequences for the career / rnP/X)T
of a scientist and should be undertaken only after ] ZS/9 $
thorough consideration. 7
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The National Science Foundation and Public Health w - 5_Ru
Service require all research institutions that receive A&`7 l5~X
public funds to have procedures in place to deal with QuBaG<
allegations of unethical practice. These procedures take X({R +
into account fairness for the accused, protection for vJg^uf)
the accuser, coordination with funding agencies, and k -8$ 43
requirements for confidentiality and disclosure. ,,~|o3cfq
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In addition, many universities and other research j EW@~e
institutions have designated an ombudsman, ethics q&V=A[<rz
officer, or other official who is available to discuss L7B(abT9e
situations involving research ethics. Such discussions 3k* U/*
are carried out in strictest confidence whenever AjMx \'(C
possible. Some institutions provide for multiple entry
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points, so that complainants can go to a person with " uD^1'IW2
whom they feel comfortable. _.BX#BIF
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1、广义地说，即使是一个不轨行为，也能中伤科学家和他们的单位，导致不利于科研出成果的法规的实行，并动摇公众对科学诚实性的信心。 5# $5ct
2、如果处理不当，一个举报能严重伤害被控告者、指控者、有关单位、乃至整个科学。 oWdvpvO
3、在大多数情况下，最好的方法是与一个值得信任的朋友或导师讨论此事。在大学里，指导老师、系主任和其他高级教师，在决定是否提出投诉时，能提供宝贵的意见 q /^&si
4、书面投诉对科学家的职业生涯会产生严重后果，只有完全考虑清楚后才能进行。 ~
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5、这些措施涉及公平对待被告、保护投诉人、与基金管理机构协调、并根据要求保密及公开。
