考博英语语法重点总结 U4Y)Jk
独立主格、虚拟语气、非谓语动词、主谓一致、倒装 w . M
独立主格特征 DuAix)#FN9
1. 充当句子的状语。 %0vsm+XQ0E
2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 c9nv=?/}f
3. 名词（代词，形容词，副词，介词）+ 分词 is%ef
4. With + 名词 （代词） + 分词 (形容词）
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例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home.
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b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. C[ KMaB
c) he entered the room, with his hands open（holding a rifle).
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真题剖析 (<H@W/0$
(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. aAd1[?&
45. A. For B. As C. With D. Because u]9 #d^%V
练习：Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. w!d(NA<|0]
8. A. is B. having C. being D. be nD
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虚拟语气 #4nBov3d
虚拟语气（2） 0;
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1. （should）+动词原形 sQr M"i0Y>
It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句
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It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 3F6A.Ny
It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句
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部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 ZRr.kN+F
2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 cs: ?Wq ^
would rather +动词过去式 nI73 E
真题剖析 J-klpr#
(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … NSzTl-eS
47. A. do B. did C. don’t D. didn’t x>J(3I5_b
(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home.
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53. A. ordered B. pleaded C. decided D. demanded }-Nc }%5
练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that we__15__ this message to heart. ]h`d>#Hw!
15. A. took B. would take C. will take D. should take qckRX+P`
(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. RO[X #c
(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) c[vFh0s"m
54.A. shall B.will C.would D.should |@'K]$vZ*
非谓语动词 $p }q ,f.
动名词、分词、不定式。 (Dba!zSs
主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) ^7:UC\_
发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) ?2gXF0+~Y2
To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 ,a0RI<D
真题剖析 G}dq
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(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. |*8X 80<
60. A. dropped B. to drop C. dropping D.drops %Go/\g
(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a 59 life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining relationships, from developing in human ways. QZL,zI]LL
59. A. destructive B. dissatisfied C. damaged D. derivative M@pF[J/
主谓一致 3]&le[.
1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 >@ Na6BH5v
How you got there doesn’t concern me. dL1{ i ,M
Growing vegetables needs constant watering. Hm~.u.)\.
2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 cA90FqUH
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. D~2n8h"2ye
3. 以-s结尾的专有名词（linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等），谓语通常用单数形式。 c11;(
4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 4Le{| B
Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). R0G
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5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 )[E7\pc
Everyone knows that you’ve come here. nbDjoZZ4
If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) OskQ[
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6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致（as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等） ^ *,?x
He no less than John is interested in literature. >5 t]Zlb`
7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) T9>,Mx%D[
Either my father or my brothers are coming. a,xy3 8T<
8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 w )> /fG|;
Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. 6x16?x
真题剖析 J[\8:q E
(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. @A-
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53. A. none B. few C. any D. some QC1\Sn /
倒装 :;& 3"-
全部倒装 uJ3*AO
1. “There (Here) +be+主语” PD^Cj?wm
There stand big buildings in this district. 1E$^ul-v
Here on the desk lies a pile of books. hz-^9 U
2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) jGDuK b@:
In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. ^W0eRT
3. 介词短语作状语位于句首 "OrF81
In the middle of the room stood the naughty boy. ?oU5H
4. 表语位于句首 k !g%vx
Especially remarkable was his flat nose. Et;Ubj"+
Not far from here is a famous university. $N4i)>&T2
5. so,nor, neither, no more 位于句首,代表前文 M1K[6V!
She wasn’t angry, and neither was I. "l(<<Ha/
Peter doesn’t like pop music. No more does his brother. Bdib)t[
6. 分词短语位于句首（分词+be +主语） io7Zv*&T0
Gone forever were the days that we depended on foreign oil. @:P:`Zk
部分倒装 p7,dl *'
1. 疑问句 ,d8*7my
2. 否定副词(seldom, rarely, scarcely, hardly, little, never, few, not until, not only) 位于句首（作形容词时例外） Htce< H-P
Never did John speak rudely to his parents. is{H >#+"
3. “only+状语”位于句首 cXt]55"
Only when he comes back can be leave. 9y;zk$ O8
4. “hardly…when”, “scarcely…when”, “no sooner…than”, “not only…(but also)” 位于句首 "X -"uIc
No sooner had he got into the classroom than the class began. 5&}p'6*K
5. not,no组成的词组位于句首(in no way, under no circumstances, on no account…) X7)B)r}AG
By no means should you break the rules. T{*!.+ E
At no time should we give in to difficulties. bO
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6. 虚拟倒装(had, were, should放到句首) #mRT>]di`D
7. “形容词/名词/动词+as/though（尽管,虽然）+be动词” H|<Zm:.%$
Small though the room is, it can hold more than twenty people. I= 7 YAm[W
Search as they would, they could find nothing in the house.
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