英语词汇讲义

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1、难度系数不好界定 Jxf~&!zR  
2、考博要求有较大的词汇量 n<Svwa}  
3、可以参考的单词书籍：《如鱼得水背单词》 He0=-AR8  
4、借助真题背单词 3<|`0pt}  
5、背单词的核心方法：词根、词缀 d lH$yub  
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词形相近类 0)YbI!  
例如： @J[6,$UVu  
        A .commerce,     B. commence,    C. comment,     D. commend fBBa4"OK=  
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commerce     商业 #Z=t
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comment      评论 +]>+ a<x*%  
commend      赞美 hovGQHg  
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例如：并发症 f<i7
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        A .compensation    B. complication    C .contamination   D. contemplation t^=U*~  
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complication          并发症 PDx)S7+w[  
compensation        补偿或弥补（经济学） VeiElU3  
contamination        污染（放射性、化学性） GYRYbiwqdi  
contemplation        冥思苦想 ,zcQS-e2  
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例如： {TSY|D2  
        A. emit    B. emerge     C. submit     D. submerge dtM[E`PL  
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emit               发射、发送 ske@uzAz  
emerge          突然出现
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submerge      沉入、下沉 Ftb%{[0}u3  
submit           提交、递交、屈服、让步 ,cTgR78'  
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四选项有三项为近义词类 @ $cUNvI  
例如： 9~AWng  
        A. fresh    B. evident    C. obvious     D. apparent _68BP)nz>.  
同一场景类 8``;0}'PC  
例如： 8"'x)y  
       A. parole      B. penalty      C. prosecute      D. charge XaI;2fMGI  
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parole               假释、保释 O0~vf[i];  
penalty             死刑或严重的惩罚 q?{}3 dPC  
prosecute（for）= charge （with） 控告 uq7T{7~<  
固定搭配类 V*n==Nb5L  
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例句： o.:p_(|hI  
      (1) Look, look, who is coming back? Theapple of my eye. H>7dND2;  
      (2)Speaker A: Hey, Marry, how have youbeen lately? I haven’t heard from ,krS-.  
                            you for ten years.I heard that you still did the same job as ten [5ethM  
                            years ago. Whathappened to you? I@7/jUO  
          Speaker B: While, you know, I likewhat I am now. I am not the kind of _j#SpL'P  
                            person who wants topolish my boss' apple to get ahead。 `"y`AY/N  
1．The day was breaking and people began togo to work so the murderer was unable to ______ of the body. zok D:c  
A．dispense          B．dispose          C．discard          D．discharge 97~K!'/^+y  
2．Can you imagine! He offered me 5000 to break my contract.That′s ______ . Of course I didn′t agree. I would take legal action. IhonnLLW  
A．fraud          B．blackmail          C．bribery          D．compensation 2wpjU &8W!  
3．Her remarks ______ a complete disregardfor human rights. =V$j6  
A．magnified          B．maintained          C．manipulated          D．manifested $3 8gs{+  
4．The unfortunate death of the genius poetcaused ______ loss to this country. I lG:X)V%  
A．priceless          B．countless          C．incalculable          D．imaginable D&{ *AH%Q  
5．Before the disastrous earthquake therewas ______ chaos. CMVS W6  
A．massive          B．ominous          C．suspending          D．imminent Lyoor 1   
6．On behalf of my company, I am ______ toyou and your colleagues for your generous help. /A(NuB<Pq  
A．subjected          B．inclined          C．available          D．obliged +uQB rG  
7．The appearance of the used car is ______, it's much newer than it really is. E20&hc5 8  
A．descriptive          B．indicative          C．deceptive          D．impressive %`\]Y
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8．His office is ______ to the President′s;it usually takes him about three minutes to get there. 'F_}xMU  
A．related          B．adhesive          C．adherent          D．adjacent T%I&txl  
9．The none of students in the class likesthe mistress, who is used to being ______ of everything they do. MV936  
A．emotional          B．optimistic          C．interested          D．critical LpWI>sNv  
10．I didn′t know it then, but this disruptiveway of reading started with the very first novel I ever picked up. |-kEGLH[*V  
A．harmful          B．persistent          C．interruptive          D．characteristic :m `/Q_y"  
11．The problem is that the loss ofconfidence among the soldiers can be highly contagious. EF;,Gjh5p  
A．spreading          B．contemptible          C．contented          D．depressing UC!5 wVY  
12．The sales manager was so adamantabout her idea that it was out of the question for any one to talk her out ofit. hZuYdV{'h  
A．adaptable          B．anxious          C．firm          D．talkative "{F;M{h$},  
13．Other non-dominant males were hyperactive;they were much more active than is normal, chasing others and fighting eachother. 5u,sx664  
A．hardly active     B．relativelyactive     C．extremely inactive     D．pathologicallyactive `
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14．While he was not dumber than an ox, hewas not any smarter; so most of his classmates were lenient and helpedhim along. XZO<dh ZX:  
A．helpful          B．merciful          C．enthusiastic          D．intelligent 60PYCqWc  
15．Before the construction of the road, itwas prohibitively expensive to transport any furs or fruits across themountains. )BLmoJ Of  
A．determinedly          B．incredibly          C．amazingly          D．forbiddingly H1Xovr  
16．At dusk, Mr. Hightower would sit in hisold armchair in the backyard and wistfully lose in reminiscence of hisyouth romances. w-: D  
A．hopefully          B．reflectively          C．sympathetically          D．irresistibly q3\!$IM.  
17．The prodigal son spent his money extravagantlyand soon after he left home he was reduced to a beggar. qJMp1DC  
A．lavishly          B．economically          C．thriftily          D．extrovertly d| \#?W&  
18．The chimney vomited a cloud ofsmoke. Ihef$,  
A．ignited          B．immersed          C．emitted          D．hugged >sV Bj(f  
19．The rear section of the brain doesnot contract with age, and one can continue living without intellectual oremotional faculties. \UQ],+H  
A．advanced          B．growing          C．front          D．back vs*I7<  
)/TVJAJ  
zebra   斑马 ^'Zh;WjI7  
doze    打盹 m){&:Hs  
yearling  一岁家畜 s=jO;K$  
duckling   小鸭子 =+Tsknq  
yield屈服,生产 ST4(|K  
unyielding  不屈不挠的 -9Xw]I#QR  
eggshell  蛋壳 nK:`e9ES  
eggwhite  蛋清 QQ|9>QP  
yolk  蛋黄 "2K|#,%N  
yeast  酵母,发酵粉 }'_:XKLj  
x=acec uc oc icien    生产，制造，做 A>y#}^ l]  
defect  毛病，缺陷 sp,(&Y]US  
sunsea seed earth 2c*2\93>  
sense理智 qZc)Sa.S  
sensibility  情感 b6$4Ul-.  
constitute  组成，构成 CCwK8`%  
constitution宪法 lZ+/\s,]|  
prostitute妓女，糟蹋 3~8AcX@  
destitute   困穷的 3g+\?L-c  
semen  精子 *xho  
insemination  受精 q .)^B@}_  
dissemination  传播 }8X:?S %  
sol  唯一的 Kjvs@~6t  
solo独奏，独唱 2}1!WIin  
insulin胰岛素 DwQp$l'NfW  
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Section A 7jD@Gp`" 3  
Directions:In this section all the sentences are incomplete. Four words or phrases, markedA, B, C, and D, are given beneath each of them. You are to choose the word orphrase that best completes the sentence. Then, mark your answer on the ANSWERSHEET. *GB$sXF  
Section A 
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Directions:In this section all the sentences are incomplete. Four words or phrases markedA, B, C and D, are given beneath each of them. You are to choose the word orphrase that best completes the sentence. Then mark your answer on the ANSWERSHEET. an #jZ[  
1．we are all overwhelmed with morefacts and information than we can possibly ______ G;Pt
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A．feed           B．maintain        C．absorb        D．consume
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2．pleasure, or joy, is vital to ______health. :a#|  
A．optimistic     B．optional         C．optimal       D．operational D]3bwoFo&u  
3．A ______ effort is required toachieve health. QLxXp
 
A．committed     B．restricted       C．composed  D．sophisticated ~r7DEy|+  
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4．A person's belief ______ and colorshis experience. dpl"}+  
A．contradicts    B．shapes           C．summarizes    D．exchanges OD>u$tI9  
5．Many professors encourage studentsto question and ______ their ideas U]1>?,Nk'3  
A．convey         B．voice             C．challenge       D．conform K]lb8q}Z~  
6．You are healthy when are ______your outer and inner environments. OpbszSl"y  
A．in relation to                       B．with regard to Vw6>:l<+<  
C．in contrast with                     D．in harmony with PkZf(=-X  
7．Good health is a spirited ______ ofenergy ,smooth skin, strong, supple limbs, and a positive joy in life. W\ZV0T;<]  
A．texture       B．mix               C．burst          D．peak #w[q.+A  
8．The ______ of emotional andpsychiatric disorders that can prompt person to seek therapy is wide. bUEt0wRR  
A．formula        B．coverage          C．interval        D．spectrum 6ba2^3GH  
9．Work is a ______ of satisfaction. J?UZN^  
A．measure        B．terminal         C．source         D．resource T% jjs  
10．If you ______ a heart-attack orstroke victim who needs your assistance, your first response should be to staycalm and urge bystanders to call for an ambulance. bF8xQ<i~Y  
A．find out      B．go into           C．pass by        D．come across S:"z<O  
11．Today people still don't makehealth a(n) ______ because they have no time. 4OB~h]Vc  
A．privilege      B．issue             C．principle       D．priority s0`]!7D<  
12．Mental exercise can favorably ______the structure of the brain just as physical exercise can change one's bodilyproportions. pEqr0Qwh  
A．modify       B．adjust            C．develop        D．contrast >8.v.;`  
13．The distinctions between thedifferent schools and approaches are often very ______ bHlDm~5  
A．subtle        B．sufficient         C．superficial.     D．superior x1BDvTqW  
14．Despite the limitations of astandard CT, it does a ______ job of picture the internal anatomy of the body. 2!"\;/  
A．supreme      B．superb           C．sufficient       D．superfluous 8{U]ATx'(  
15．The city government is getting itsresidents to properly ______ their garbage. A(_^_p.|  
A．break up     B．dispose of        C．check out      D．hand out zN8&M<mTl  
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Part B 6#lC(ko'  
Directions:Each of the following sentences has a word or phrase underlined. There are fourother words or phrases beneath each sentence. Choose the word or phrase thatwould best keep the meaning of the original sentence if it were substituted forthe underlined part. Mark your answer of the ANSWER SHEET. R)DNFc:  
16．The recent deterioration inthe economy is of great concern to the government. Ke;X3j ]`  
A．depression   B．deficiency        C．degeneration   D．deformity 8=zM~v)   
17．A substantial hike in the top rateof income tax would not solve this problem but merely aggravate the nation'salready waning support. 3R$CxRc:  
A．depreciating    B．warning          C．declining      D．startlingl JCU3\39}  
18．He was not conspicuouslyhairy nor shiny-bald, but his hair was graying and receding tactfully inkeeping with his age. j@_) F^12  
A．prominently.     B．warily            C．consciously    D．conventionally qyG636i  
19．The water company is obliged tomaintain a supply of wholesome water X6"^:)&1M  
A．available      B．hydraulic.        C．balanced       D．hygienic. 9OO_Hp#|9  
20．Smoking makes one six times morelikely to get oral cancer partly because the smoke constantly assaultsthe tissues that line the mouth and throat. I}]@e^ ~  
A．detects       B．contaminates     C．occupies       D．attacks #Ot*jb1  
21．Most organisms must fit in withtheir surroundings because their skills to alter their environment arerestricted and highly specialized. TF iM[  
A．attach themselves to               B．succumb to r{N{!"G  
C．lean on                             D．adapt themselves to SpTORR8  
22．Instead of being recycled, garbageis left to accumulate in insanitary heaps which attract flies and spreadinfectious diseases. ,B/p1^;.  
A．innocuous    B．gathering         C．filthy          D．inflammable. U(
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23．The prevalence of highlyintelligent devices has eliminated the handicaps associated with mostdisabilities EX_sJc   
A．disadvantages     B．dispositions     C．disappointment    D．discomforts g:3'x/a1  
24．In general, lasers operate bycreating an intense amount of light and energy which is then convertedinto heat and used to control bleeding or destroy diseased tissue. J7xT6Q=  
A．developed     B．reduced           C．transformed    D．decoded }+RF~~H/  
25．Shyness, the most common form ofsocial anxiety, occurs when a person's apprehensions are so great that they inhibithis making an expected or desired social response. E{]| jPdr  
A．discharge     B．trigger            C．restrain        D．defer "6o}qeB l  
26．The secret to turning a dailystroll into a meaningful form of exercise is to pick up the pace. elHarey`f  
A．dilate         B．multiply         C．accelerate      D．enlarge q?]@' ^:;  
27．How many people know that the term “arthritis”may refer to dozens of defferent types of joint involvement? LU IT=+  
A．disorder      B．knuckle          C．dislocation     D．therapy xS\QKnG.  
28．Amokers are more prone toosteoporosis, a major cause of fractures in old people, particularly post-menopausewomen. qLi1yH  
A．reliable       B．liable            C．reasonable     D．compatible U.j\u>a  
29．The project was hampered bya constant stream of visitors. V1b_z  
A．held up      B．cut off           C．carried out    D．given up Xgth|C}k  
30．During the summer sessionthere will be a revised schedule of services for the university community. 4l!Yop0h  
A．term         B．climate           C．heat           D．portion _x|8U'|Ce  
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Section A =O:ek#Bp  
Directions: Inthis section all the sentences are incomplete. Four words of phrases, marked A,B, C and D, are given beneath each of them. You are to choose the word orphrase that best completes the sentence. Then, mark your answer on the ANSWERSHEET. wj5s5dH  
31．An enormous number of people in theworld's poorest countries do not have clean water or adequate sanitation ______ _wJ#jJz2  
A．capacities       B．facilities       C．authorities       D．warranties gsq[ 9  
32．Family-planing clinics give out ______advices to people who have decided to limit the size of their families. M=abJ4  
A．. insensitive     B．interrogative   C．contraceptive     D．communicative IS*
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33．Caffeine is the ______ drug thatwill just about get you out of the door on time to catch the bus. #V,~d&_k  
A．miracle          B．myth           C．trick             D．legend Dt'e<d Is  
34．Today investigators are still farfrom ______ a master map of the vasculature of the heart. 0BP~0z  
A．constituting     B．decoding      C．drafting          D．encoding )n[Mh!mn  
35．I have never seen a more caring, ______group of piople in my life. K]*ERAfM%m  
A．emotional       B．impersonal     C．compulsory       D．compassionate L , Fso./y  
36．By the time I reached my residency,I ______ treated the patient as a whole human being. eKti+n.  
A．yearned for      B．broke into     C．pass for          D．made for. z>g& ?vo2  
37．We now obtain more than two-thirdsprotein from animal resources, while our grandparents ______ only one-half fromanimal resources. _p2<7x i   
A．originated       B．digested        C．deprived          D．derived Wq&c,H  
38．Obesity carries an increased riskof ______. cYn}we}7  
A．mortality       B．mobility      C．longevity        D．maternity b%t9a\0V  
39．The best exercise should requirecontinuous ______, rather than frequent stops and starts. >
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A．compassion     B．acceleration   C．frustration       D．exertion ~e~Mx=FT0  
40．Environmental officials insist thatsomething be done to ______ acid rain. ^M5uLm-_s  
A．curb            B．sue            C．detoxify          D．condemn g)6 k?Y  
Section B ]@T `qR  
Directions:In this section each of the following sentences has a word or phraseunderlined. There are four words or phrases beneath each sentence. Choose theone word or phrase which can best keep the meaning of the original sentence ifit is substituted for the underlined part. Then mark the letter of your choiceon the ANSWER SHEET. DJjDKVO5t  
41．It would be wildly optimistic tobelieve that these advances offset such a large reduction in farmland. V+5 n|L5  
A．take in         B．make up       C．cut down        D．bring about $K 6`Q4`  
42．To begin with, it is impossible to comeup with a satisfactory definition of what constitutes happy and unhappymarriage. PH&ms  
A．explain         B．oppose        C．represent        D．propose ?\VN`8Y
b  
43．Politicians often use emotionalrather than rational arguments to win the support for their actions andideas. (\Zo"x;(  
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A．applicable       B．favorable       C．sensitive         D．reasonable G"sc;nT  
44．Tests are one way for a teacher to assesshow much a student has learned. _JO @O^Ndd  
A．observe          B．appraise        C．appreciate         D．induce X^^D[U  
45．Through live television, the worldis now able to witness historical events as they happen. t^;Fq{>  
A．reserve          B．confirm         C．perceive           D．transmit yvwcXNXR@  
46．Most experts say that the new taxplan will have a negligible effect on the country's economic problems. y~1php>2f1  
A．indefinite        B．indispensable      C．infinite           D．insignificant &g>+tkC  
47．I don't know how you could have leftout the most important fact of all. ) hB*Hjh  
A．omitted          B．fabricated      C．pinpointed        D．embraced hKeh9 Bt  
48．Family and cultural beliefs and normsare important predictors of health-seeking behavior. rWmi 'niu  
A．formulations    B．standards      C．principles.       D．notions 9DE)5/c`v  
49．There must be a systematic approachto retrieving notes and analyzing them. 7W
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A．regain            B．relieving        C．reversing         D．rectifying -e\56%\~_  
50．To study the distribution ofdisease within an area, it is useful to plot the case on a map. B6&M tm1  
A．mark            B．allocate       C．erase             D．pose L]")TQ
 
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Part ⅡVocabulary(10%) [}3Y1t{G  
Section A 6nhB1Aei  
Directions: Inthis section all the sentences are incomplete. Four words of phrases, marked A,B, C and D, are given beneath each of them. You are to choose the word orphrase that best completes the sentence. Then, mark your answer on the ANSWERSHEET. 1!#ZEI C  
31．Sometimes you can get quite ______when you are trying to communicate with someone in English. 9Ua@-  
A．frustrated         B．depressed         C．approved         D．distracted OSU=O  
32．The company has ______ itself to apolicy of equal opportunity for all. 7X>3WF  
A．promised          B．committed         C．attributed        D．converted Pw{+7b$  
33．I haven't met anyone ______ the newtax plan. %R>MSSjvr  
A．in honor of        B．in search of        C．in place of        D．in favor of [%:NR  
34．Salk won ______ as the scientistwho developed the world's first effective vaccine against polio. %Kp}Wo6  
A．accomplishment                         B．qualification dI|/Xm>  
C．eminence                                D．patent THVF@@q  
35．This software can be ______ to theneeds of each customer. *^ BE1-
  
A．tailored           B．administrated      C．entailed          D．accustomed { q<l]jn9  
36．The average commercial business canshut down in such an emergemcy but a hospital doesn't dare, for lives are ______ :8g \ B{  
A．in circulation      B．under consideration C．on hand          D．at stake eKOTxv{  
37．As we need plain, ______ food forthe body, so we must have serious reading for the mind. 8Qh/=Ir  
A．wholesome       B．diet              C．tasteful          D．edible o
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38．He never gave much thought to the additionalkilorams he had ______ lately. \Qn8"I83AV  
A．shown up         B．piled up          C．put on           D．taken on M#m7g4*L!  
39．The teacher tried hard to read ______handwriting in her students's test papers. -d]z_ SP@  
A．irregular          B．illiterate         C．illegible          D．irrational xB#E&}Ho  
40．A coronary disease is thewidely-used term ______ insufficiency of blood supply to the heart. Ql 1# l:Q  
A．denoting          B．donating          C．relating          D．resorting P.0-(  
Section B hAdEq$   
Directions:In this section each of the following sentences has a word or phraseunderlined. There are four words or phrases beneath each sentence. Choose theone word or phrase which can best keep the meaning of the original sentence ifit is substituted for the underlined part. Then mark the letter of your choiceon the ANSWER SHEET. 5YasD6l  
41．Humans are using up the world'snatural riches at an alarming rate. [#tW$^UD  
A．appalling         B．appealing         C．alert             D．abnormal )d~Mag+  
42．Dring water in many areas of thedeveloping world is contaminated with bacteria． (@Bm2gH  
A．purified           B．multiplied         C．tainted           D．blended frt?*|:  
43．One of the most noticeable featuresof U. S society is the diversity of its people.
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A．liberty             B．democracy        C．variety           D．origin IP3-lru  
44．The controversy aboutabortion has been going on in the United States for mor than twentyyears. gqhW.e}]  
A．resentment        B．consensus          C．notion            D．dispute ~Y(M>u.+!  
45．As human settlement advance, thetropical forests are retreating and becoming smaller every year. lMP7o&  
A．retrieving         B．sprawling         C．consuming       D．withdrawing h;6@-\6  
46．The war's impact on the populationof the country was catastrophic. {BF\G%v;+  
A．influential        B．disastrous         C．apparent         D．criticala a5iMCmL
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47．His physican told him that not totake much of the drug because it was very potent. h$!qb'|  
A．bitter             B．irritant            C．effective         D．powerful )UeG2dXx7  
48．Certain drugs can cause transientside effects, such as sleepiness. )I#kG{z|P;  
A．permanent         B．residual.      C．irreversible       D．fleeting 1#V0g Q  
49．Nervous illness may stem frombeing treated inconsiderately in childhood. ,-Na'n  
A．complain of       B．give rise to       C．originate in       D．dominate over (R,eWWF8~  
50．Both a person's heredity and hissurroundings help to shape his chacter. hug12Cu  
A．form              B．correct             C．modify           D．improve V6L_aee}CK  
k}/: xN"  
Section A X}ZOjX!  
Directions:In this section all the sentences are incomplete. Four words of phrases, markedA, B, C and D, are given beneath each of them. You are to choose the word orphrase that best completes the sentence. Then, mark your answer on the ANSWERSHEET. y|aWUX/a  
31．All the characters in the play are ______. #yqcUbJY0R  
A．imaginable      B．imaginary        C．imaginative       D．imagining [Yv5Sw  
32．The judge           all the charges against Smith. bhI8b/  
A．dismissed            B．eliminated      C．refused           D． discarded 23>?3-q
 
33．The actress ______ the terms of hercontract and was prosecuted by the producer. `>*P(yIN  
A．ignored               B．ratified          C．drafted              D．violated V*?,r<(  
34．At this time of the year,university admission offices are ______ with inquires from anxious applicants. oH;Y}h  
A．annoyed            B．thrilled         C． trampled          D．reproached mB\5b SFY`  
35．When the former president ______her candidacy, she knew she had a good chance of being elected. ql8:s>1T  
A．enforced            B．endorsed          C．follow up          D．put forward zh6so.  
36．The country's highest medal was ______upon him for heroism. pp:+SoyN  
A．earned            B．bestowed            C．credited            D．granted 6Q
V/8IX  
37．The local government leaders aremaking every effort to ______ the problem of poverty. Ua:EI!`  
A．tackle             B．taper            C．suppress           D．tangle cr!I"kTgD  
38．At the party we found that the shygirl ______ her mother all the time. }X$>84s>[P  
A．harmonizing with                             B．clinging to *D'VW{  
C．depending on                                 D．adjusting to Y,a.9AWw)  
39．We managed to reach the top of themountain, and half an hour later we began to ______. UeRenp  
A．decline               B．ascend             C．descend              D．plunge aCMcu\rd  
40．Losing the job was bad, but evenworse was the feeling that I had ______ my dear wife and children. 4M:oa#gh@  
A．let alone          B．let down        C．let off          D．let up f= "}.  
Section B r8xH A  
Directions:In this section each of the following sentences has a word or phraseunderlined. There are four words or phrases beneath each sentence. Choose theone word or phrase which can best keep the meaning of the original sentence ifit is substituted for the underlined part. Then mark the letter of your choiceon the ANSWER SHEET. j_{gk"2:d`  
41．The temperature of the atmospherebecomes colder as elevation increase. *8Lym,]  
A．altitude             B．aptitude          C．latitude          D．longitude bNC1[GG[  
42．She was so stubborn that shewouldn't change her opinions. oU2RxK->u  
A．unwilling            B．talented           C．obstinate            D．determined :\>UZ9h #  
43．On Christmas Eve, she spent twohours decorating the room with flower chains. _x lgsa  
A．modifying            B．ornamenting        C．disposing             D．packing mF_/Rhu  
$Fn# b|e  
44．Nobody can stand for long agonyof a severe toothache. A[b'MNsv  
A．sufferance      B．suppuration        C．plague                 D．torment vEb~QX0~  
45．When we recall a story of identicaloffspring of Adolf Hitler being raised in order to further his horrible work,we are outaged. P}PSS#nn  
A．enlightened      B．calmed              C．provoked              D．moved !~RD>N&n  
46．Only native-born citizens are eligiblefor the US.presidency. /r)d4=1E  
A．obliged         B．intelligible          C．competent            D．qualified > 4^U=T#  
47．Tomorrow's match has been calledoff because of the foul weather. 5?Bi+fg  
A．prevented          B．delayed            C．cancelled            D．forbidden s_]rje8`  
48．Losing his job was a financial catastrophefor his family. R)H@'X  
A．calamity           B．accident          C．frustration          D．depression {d3r>Ub)7d  
49．Children were expected to be obedientand contribute to the well-being of the family. Z8:iaP)  
A．smart           B．efficient          C．painstaking         D．submissive gU8'7H2  
50．While many applaud the increasingindividualism and freedom of children within the family, others lamentthe loss of family responsibility and discipline. is6JS^Q  
A．mourn             B．delight           C．prosecute           D．condemn 5$y<nMP  
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