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主题 : 医学考博写作常用词汇选编
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楼主  发表于: 2014-10-12   
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医学考博写作常用词汇选编

一、与医学相关的写作常用词汇分类 fea4Ul{ib  
(一)医疗、医院、医生 Fg^Z g\X3  
  1 、医生 04@?Jb1*  
  ① doctor, medical worker *s6(1 S  
  ② physician 内科医生 l]F)]>AE  
  ③ surgeon 外科医生 O[\obi"}  
  ④ doctor in charge 主治医生 |s, Add:S  
  ⑤ intern 实习医生 c-=z<:Kf  
⑥ resident doctor 住院医生 'WcP+4c  
+~'ap'k m  
  2 、医院 2M*84oh8P  
  ① hospital G&dz<f  
  The specialized hospital 专科医院 i~uoK7o|G  
  The general hospital 普通医院 7R=A]@  
  The community hospital 社区医院 G\/7V L  
  The public hospital 公立医院 M:cW/&ZJ  
  The private hospital 私立医院 on)$y&lu  
  ② clinc 门诊 $-"V 2  
  Conventional clinic treatment普通门诊 f~v@;/HL  
  ③ ward 病房 +~!\;71:f  
④ medical team 医疗队 G*W54[  
O%p+P<J  
3、 医疗手段 sX|bp)Nw  
(1)              drug therapy 药物治疗 EbMG9  
(2)              medical treatment 医疗 ,n/^;. _1  
(3)              medical instruments 医疗器械 v)-:0 f  
(4)              diagnose (v) 诊断 (n) diagnosis w6@8cNXK  
(5)              prevent (v) 预防 Vc?=cQ'c  
(6)              sterilize (v) 消毒 | 3FE=?Q  
(7)              administrate a drug 给药 prCr"y` M  
(8)              prevent and treat disease (v) 预防和治疗疾病 -/gAb<=  
(9)              TCM 中医 ))eQZ3ap9  
(10)          chemotherapy 化疗 6}^6+@LG  
(11)          medical service 医疗服务 2y@y<38  
(12)          complain of (v) 主述 P#N@W_""YD  
(13)          health checkup 健康普查 t7qzAr  
(14)          diagnosing and treating 诊断和治疗 Xi"<'E3_  
(15)          consult the doctor(v) 咨询 ; &N\4/'wV  
Nd;,Wz]  
  4 、医疗体制 {>8u/  
  (1 )healthcare system 医疗体制 O&ZVu>`g  
  (2 )medical disputes 医疗纠纷 :+$/B N:iO  
  (3 )medical accident 医疗事故 }S}9Pm,:  
  (4 )the relationship between doctors and patients 医患关系 uZkh.0yB  
  (5 )medical insurance system 医疗保险体系 6Cz%i 6)  
(6 )medical aid fund 医疗救助基金 E6_.Q `!ll  
n|Smy\0  
  5 、医德 $5S/~8g(  
  (1 )medical ethics 医德 -wUw)gJbM  
  (2 )patient-oriented 以病人为核心 3_cZaru  
  (3 )humanistic 人道主义的 jO+#$=C  
  (4 )compassionate 富于同情性的 YpwMfl4  
  (5 )considerate 体贴周到的 v''F\V )  
  (6 )resolute 果断的 Kta7xtu  
  (7 )service quality 服务质量 & &er7_Q  
(8 )to give top priority to the lives and health of people ';.n#  
c</u]TD  
  6 、病人 %X>P+6<=  
  (1 )patient W^Z#_{  
  (2 )the sick <QZ X""  
  (3 )the invalid B jsF5~+\  
  (4) sufferer l7M![Ur  
   Wi3S t`$  
(二)疾病 6nP-IKL  
  1 、 患病的表达方式 ;0 No@G;z  
  ⑴ suffer from (v ) qsTB)RdjP%  
  (2) contract (v ) B9(e"cMm  
  (3) people with some disease 患病人群 QXg9ah~  
(4) the people susceptible to some disease 易感某种疾病的人 6y d/3k  
NP?hoqeKs  
  2 、必知疾病名称 4kqgZtg.  
  heart disease 心脏病 8M9}os  
  hypertension 高血压 i!k5P".o^  
  kidney problem 肾病 4~ YPLu  
  stroke 中风 6}xFE]Df-Y  
    shock 休克 x8q3 Njr  
  the blood pressure 血压 lX*IEAc  
  diabetes 糖尿病 8R;A5o,  
  obesity 肥胖 tP ;^;nw  
  terminal illness 绝症 NL76 jF  
  incurable illness 不治之症 ZN]LJ4|xu  
  cancer 癌症 1deNrmp%  
  tumor 肿瘤 yw3E$~k  
  cancer of early stage 癌症晚期 u{SJ#3C5  
  emergency case 急症 X 'W8 mqk  
  serious illness 重症 E"{2R>mU~  
  the difficult and complicated cases 疑难病 Sy ?O(BMo  
  short breath 短气 q;{# ~<"+  
  syndrome 综合症 (ev(~Wc  
  complications 并发症 =|_{J"sv  
  process 病程 gBZ1Weu-'  
  bone loss 骨质疏松 Ous_269cM  
short-sighted (adj)近视 NrrnG]#p1  
}VUrn2@-4  
  3、传染病 l0%qj(4`6&  
  (1) 感染源 $% ts#56*  
  virus 病毒 bacteria 细菌 pest 害虫 channel and media 传染途径及媒介 xct{Tv[FO  
  (2 )传染疾病 lNw8eT~2  
  some disease epidemic 传染性疾病 plague 鼠疫 2V*<HlqOif  
  influenza (简)flu 流感 `J(im  
  infection contagion 传染病 $<[Q8V-  
  infectious diseases 传染病 hCcAAF*I;5  
  AIDS 艾滋病 ,%zU5hh  
  SARS \ $PB~-Z  
  (3) 传染 `- \J/I  
  epidemic (a) 流行的,传染的 ('u\rc2 R  
  block the channel (v) PqO PRf  
  disseminate 传播 w>]?gN?8Fe  
cross infection 交叉感染 .P|_C.3- l  
yX'f"*  
  5 、疾病、病痛 %FDv6peH  
  illness (pl|RmmDz  
  sickness 0"vI6Lm  
  disease _8f? H#&  
  ailment gC+PpY#2h  
suffering !FqJP OGm  
K9*vWoP'  
  6 、疾病的转归 %ZajM  
  (1 )疾病的恢复 ][jW2;A  
  recover recovery r^m8kYezQ  
  recuperate d3nMeAI AO  
  resume ]f3eiHg*  
  recruit Qrnc ;H9)  
  reinstate |A'y|/)#Z  
  (2) 疾病的恶化  <:,m  
  deteriorate ) H'SU_YU  
  aggravate mip2=7M|C  
  exasperate &7i o/d\/  
  make worse w[5uX>  
  worsen )dv w.X  
   Q||v U  
    7、其他相关词汇 _:B/XZ  
  outbreak and spending %|tDb  
  break out (v) 疾病的爆发 x'4q`xDa  
  spread (v) 疾病的扩散 bp>-{Nv  
  the incidence of common diseases 常见病发生率 pn:) Rq0  
  taboo 禁忌 Hd/|f;  
  speed up blood circulation (v) *t)Y@=k3>  
  improve the cardiac functions (v) IpJMq^ Z  
  side effects 副反应 ,v#F6xv8  
complain of 主述 , m`>  
}f~:>N#  
   %`M IGi#  
(三)药物 #{m~=1%;Ya  
  1 、药物名称 Ke *tLnO  
  medicine D <16m<b  
  drug 7CK3t/3D  
  remedy L<}0}y  
  medicinal herbs y:m ;_U,%c  
  power &}:]uC  
  tablet q)m0n237P  
pill W RBCNra  
vhEqHjR:  
  2 、药物用法 JB <GV-l  
  开药 : -/ltnx)j  
  prescribe some medicine for some diseases xy^t_];X  
  write out a proscription `X:o]t@  
  服药 M2$.Y om[  
  take a medicine NrVE[Z#  
  治…的疾病 =o!1}'1}}  
a remedy for some diseases g5YDRL!Wh  
_K4E6c_  
3 、其他相关词汇 Mur)'  
  drug therapy 药物治疗 *%nV<}e^_=  
  side effects 副反应 9i=HZ\s3  
  drug abuse 药物滥用 WLy%| {/  
  drugstore 药房 [J{M'+a  
  over the counter 非处方药 _,ki/7{  
  drug allergy 药物过敏 4eRV?tE9  
  drug poisoning 药物中毒  UZV\]Y  
  prescription 处方 LwI A4$d  
  expenses for medicine 药费 UGb<&)  
  charges for medicine zUIh^hbFf  
drug rebate 药品回扣 l9P=1TL  
 EL$"/ptE  
   0p31C7!  
(四)心理疾病 BKV,V/*p  
  1 、心理学专业词汇 5fT"`FL?  
  subhealth 亚健康 2LTMt?  
  psychological benefits 心理健康 ,bGYixIfYZ  
  psychological problem 心理问题 }t FRl  
  psychological consultation 心理咨询 c{,VU.5/  
  psychological obstacles 心理障碍 0DB8[#i%:  
  mental obstacles 心理障碍 m+a\NXWR?N  
  psychological massage 心理按摩 %@~;PS3kd  
  psychology 心理学/ 心理 L|*0 A=6  
  psychotherapy 心理治疗 ^aONuG9  
psychological expert 心理专家 |nMg.t`8  
Pe,:FIp,  
  2 、情绪词汇 e a3f`z  
  overcome b3M`vJ+{  
  disappoint w2(pgWed  
  disappointed ; "K"S[  
  shy , csd~)a nb  
  flush ?lPyapA]  
  frustration ?glK~G!i  
  failure >>b <)?3Rv  
  willpower 7@NV|Idtd  
  optimism qGXY  
  optimistic %E k!3t  
  be sensitive to (Zz8 ldO  
  nervous }Sr=|j  
  tensional {bP )Fo n  
  sad agony pessimism pessimistic L:_GpZ_  
  confident confidence eq6>C7.$  
  stress pressure o6/"IIso3  
  depress depressed BA6(Owb  
  depression depressive k4-S :kVo  
   '',g}WvRwe  
3 、疲劳相关词汇 5rH?FQ E  
  fatigue tire (v) weariness (n) tired(a) exhausted(a) fatigued (a) weary ,.z?=]'en  
   W QqOXF  
(五)肥胖与营养 -~Chf4?<4  
  1 、营养物质 ~$jRn(2  
  nutrient 营养素 ;Xl {m`E+  
  protein 蛋白质 +.-g`Vyz*  
  fat 脂肪 D%*Ryg  
  glucose 葡萄糖 jRN>^Ur;g  
  vitamin 维生素 1$)}EL   
  sugar 糖类 +n>p"+c  
  heat calories quantity of heat 热量 Ke^9R-jP  
  carbohydrate 碳水化合物 6&;h+;h  
  soft drink beverage 软饮料 rtdEIk  
cholesterol胆固醇 ENy$sS6[D  
()W`4p  
  2 、营养与饮食 :?j]W2+kR  
  a well-balanced diet g=$nNQ \6=  
  nutrition 营养 > zfFvx_q  
  nutritional 营养的 c"diNbm[  
3Mq%3jX  
二、医学写作其他常用词汇 ? =I']$MH  
a$3] `  
1.       下降、减少 reduction,decrease,decline,diminution, drop,descend,go / come down,fall .cz7jD  
2.       上升、增加rise; go up; ascend;increase `$MO;Fv,G  
3.       禽流感 H1N1 flu /  bird flu / avian flu; D67z6jep(  
4.       食品安全 food safety r72zWpF!Ss  
5.       公共卫生突发事件public health emergencies Gi\Z"MiBZ  
6.       应急反应 immediate response to '=(D7F;  
7.       .关注民生 concern(focus on, pay attention to) people’s livelihood/well-being &>6IU  K{9  
8.       城乡卫生体系urban-rural medical and health system NNMn,J  
9.       预防保健disease prevention and health care akG|ic-~  
10.   服务体系service system A OQVo4yl"  
11.   讲究卫生pay attention to hygiene OBf$Z"i  
12.   个人和环境卫生personal and environmental hygiene 9i. 3G'cDemc  
13.   清淡的lite h!`KX2~  
14.   蛋白添加饮食protein-complemented diet -b)3+#f  
15.   预防的措施preventive initiatives=preventive measures ^AN U ]7;K>.T  
16.   人畜共患病zoonosis=anthropozoonosis.人兽共患病 [Wxf,rW i  
17.   虫媒insect pollination; 2Vs+8/  
18.   虫媒传染病insect-borne /arthropod-borne infectious disease t]T't='  
19.   肾病综合征nephritic/renal syndrome; 0./Rdf=-1j  
20.   爆发流行break out, explode; an epidemic outbreak of explosion Rq`5ff3,  
21.   传染(及相关词):infect/infection/infectious, communicate/communicable, contagion/ contagious, transmission/transmittable;!" B%5"B} nG  
22.   传播途径route of transmission, bird flu transmits by air/wind;person to person transmission So= BcX-  
23.   传播,散布:diffuse,prevalence,spread,transmit,disseminate,propagate/ propagation{D CSH*^nk':O  
24.   污染pollution/ pollute,contamination/contaminate %~M#3Ywa  
25.   福祉 well-being, happiness l5D4 ?`|  
26.   衰老grow old;aging;senility;senile s 8T8]gM  
27.   每况愈下from bad to worse U;M !jj  
28.   相似的akin to=similar to 6n;? :./  
29.   脓的,化脓的purulent – z /nW; ow  
30.   脂肪肝fatty liver \YHl(  
31.   血压 hypertension ^])s\a$  
32.   肠癌Cancer of Rectum and Colon _w2KUvG-8  
33.   亚健康 sub-health 8 !3{. V\ P)  
34.   过劳死death from overwork [ qTN30(x2  
35.   长期以来 for a long time ; over the years 0 P.jy7:dB,  
36.   养生preserve one's health; nourishing of life; keep in good health IJC]Al,df  
37.   分类 be divided into=fall into three categories=be grouped according to their origin, into three classes.=be categorized according to/be roughly classified into three kinds Io t c>!  
38.   基本职责=basic/ fundamental/essential/elementary duties/responsibilities/obligations ..w$p-1  
39.   基本原则fundamental principle/ rule, basic rule or principle D={$l'y9p  
40.   道德morals, morality, ethics均含“道德”之意。morals多用于实践方面,指按习惯或社会公认的道德标准,尤指男女之间关系的道德。morality指符合道德标准的行为,或用道德标准衡量某事,既指社会的又指个人的道德。ethics多用于伦理方面,指符合于伦理学中所指的好的行为,常指公平正真地对人对事的品德。 $ab{GxmX'4  
41.   民众the (general) public,the masses of the people,the common people c=^69>w  
42.   合作者co-worker; collaborator; copartner; co-agent c~}FYO$  
43.   死亡人数death toll,deaths,the number of people killed in/dying from (j(9'DjP  
44.   .归结为 boil down to;come down to MP.ye|i4Q  
45.   归因为/归功于 be attributable to,be attributed to,ascribe or attribute… to, owe…to J% ZM V  
46.   归咎于lay or put the blame on sb,blame…on,ascribe or attribute… to,impute… to a54S,}|  
47.   大规模on a large scale,extensive,large-scale,massive L">m2/ HG  
48.   大规模流行 large-scale transmission,become a pandemic,massive attack/outbreak b< []z,  
49.   表面上on the surface, apparently, ostensibly, superficial, seemingly {Z1-B60P  
50.   因果关系 cause-and-effect relationship, causal relationship/relations ggpa !R  
51.   孤立现象an isolated phenomenon 6q7jI )l  
52.   复杂的complicated,complex,sophisticated,intricate +UX} "m~W  
53.   极端复杂性extreme/ exceeding complexity/complicacy B9  ,  
54.   低保basic living allowances/subsistence allowances wM#l`I  
55.   养老保险 endowment insurance JvaHH!>d/  
56.   退休养老金retirement n prB: E[1  
57.   医疗改革health care reform y)TBg8Q  
58.   激烈运动strenuous exercise;vigorous activity ) q/brCq  
59.   月经期menstrual period S &)|f|\yh"  
60.   生活的节奏the tempo/the pace of life; a life of quick /fast pace )i\foSbB`V  
61.   婴幼儿保健the infant health care '#~Sb8   
62.   安乐死euthanasia )}vUYTU1  
63.   得绝症的terminally ill ;=@?( n  
64.   临终关怀=hospice care=end-of-life care ! pW>. 3pj  
65.   濒临死亡的病人:dying patients,terminally ill patients,incurable patient 23opaX5V=  
吸二手烟secondhand smoking ,also called “involuntary smoking” or “passive smoking”. 9WHarv2@  
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