考博英语语法重点总结 #/ 1B am6
独立主格、虚拟语气、非谓语动词、主谓一致、倒装 T-x`ut7c
独立主格特征 ![V<vIy
1. 充当句子的状语。 |Y99s)2&N
2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 EgO4:8$h
3. 名词（代词，形容词，副词，介词）+ 分词 Y}[r`}={
4. With + 名词 （代词） + 分词 (形容词） f2Slsl;
例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. Iq52rI}
b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. bEE:6)]G
c) he entered the room, with his hands open（holding a rifle). m|y]j 4
真题剖析 pp-Ur?PM
(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. (sl~n_<ds8
45. A. For B. As C. With D. Because ~Ch`A@=5
练习：Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. yA_d${n
8. A. is B. having C. being D. be (= \P|iv
虚拟语气 /U`"|3
虚拟语气（2） '2vlfQ@8a~
1. （should）+动词原形 AsLAm#zq
It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 #A/jG
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It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 8R
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It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 vKW%l
部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 7}#vANm
2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 '"TBhisky
would rather +动词过去式 <)}
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真题剖析 E*ic9Za8`h
(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … QL)UPf >Kp
47. A. do B. did C. don’t D. didn’t J+;.t&5R
(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. (;n|>l?*
53. A. ordered B. pleaded C. decided D. demanded
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练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that we__15__ this message to heart. R_*\?^k|A
15. A. took B. would take C. will take D. should take REt()$
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(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. $+mmqc8
(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) n*;I2 FV]
54.A. shall B.will C.would D.should p5bH- km6
非谓语动词 CEU
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动名词、分词、不定式。 XGUF9arN
主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) `@ `CZg
发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) !qcR5yk`2
To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 U,]z)1#
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真题剖析 bc&:v$ EGy
(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. 1
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60. A. dropped B. to drop C. dropping D.drops }&! rI U
(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a 59 life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining relationships, from developing in human ways. >#kzPYsp
59. A. destructive B. dissatisfied C. damaged D. derivative R
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主谓一致 ")LF;e
1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 hsl Js^
How you got there doesn’t concern me. SKYS6b
Growing vegetables needs constant watering. Ck[Z(=b$$:
2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 N.VzA
6 C
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. PvA%c<z
3. 以-s结尾的专有名词（linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等），谓语通常用单数形式。 lI D5mg3 1
4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 gz$=\=%>RL
Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). ha(hG3C
5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 )JZfC&,
Everyone knows that you’ve come here. bhg"<I
If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) ~=c#Ff =Z
6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致（as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等） CE?R/uNo{
He no less than John is interested in literature. 9t)t-t#P;
7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) #oc T4
Either my father or my brothers are coming. aUJ &
8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 tnTr &o#
Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. (apAUIE
真题剖析 #E*jX-JT
(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. t7n*kiN<q
53. A. none B. few C. any D. some K\o!
倒装 -6Cxz./#yS
全部倒装 a_FJ N zL
1. “There (Here) +be+主语” MYjDO>(_
There stand big buildings in this district. Z\T H=UA
Here on the desk lies a pile of books. 44wY5nYNt
2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) Q +qN`
In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. 3"&6rdF\jB
3. 介词短语作状语位于句首 c1e7h l
In the middle of the room stood the naughty boy. >m%\SuXq
4. 表语位于句首 O{LWQ"@y
Especially remarkable was his flat nose. c5^i5de
Not far from here is a famous university. mtmtOG_/=
5. so,nor, neither, no more 位于句首,代表前文 HL*jRl
She wasn’t angry, and neither was I. N',]WZ }
Peter doesn’t like pop music. No more does his brother. &! Y^DR/
6. 分词短语位于句首（分词+be +主语） >.Q D:_@:
Gone forever were the days that we depended on foreign oil. h dPK eqg7
部分倒装 xlS
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1. 疑问句 /?HRq ?n
2. 否定副词(seldom, rarely, scarcely, hardly, little, never, few, not until, not only) 位于句首（作形容词时例外） c :hOQZ
Never did John speak rudely to his parents. \S1WF ?<,
3. “only+状语”位于句首 bWG}>{fj
Only when he comes back can be leave. (m~MyT#S
4. “hardly…when”, “scarcely…when”, “no sooner…than”, “not only…(but also)” 位于句首 vQYd!DSh
No sooner had he got into the classroom than the class began. n"d~UV^Uw
5. not,no组成的词组位于句首(in no way, under no circumstances, on no account…) A:&
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By no means should you break the rules. jHTaG%oh
At no time should we give in to difficulties. J4xt!RW!
6. 虚拟倒装(had, were, should放到句首) + #,t
7. “形容词/名词/动词+as/though（尽管,虽然）+be动词” |] Pigi7y-
Small though the room is, it can hold more than twenty people. )" =BbMfhu
Search as they would, they could find nothing in the house. @N1ta-D#
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