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主题 : 医学考博写作常用词汇选编
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楼主  发表于: 2014-10-12   
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医学考博写作常用词汇选编

一、与医学相关的写作常用词汇分类 $ZB`4!JxG  
(一)医疗、医院、医生 NB.'>Sar  
  1 、医生 7<B-2g  
  ① doctor, medical worker ;3bUgI}.J  
  ② physician 内科医生 QX=x^(M$m  
  ③ surgeon 外科医生 EUV8H}d5  
  ④ doctor in charge 主治医生 0XqxW\8_l  
  ⑤ intern 实习医生 #ZnNJ\6  
⑥ resident doctor 住院医生 <viC~=k;  
m"'`$/_  
  2 、医院 #<u;.'R  
  ① hospital PqF&[ M<)  
  The specialized hospital 专科医院 dq'f >S z}  
  The general hospital 普通医院 puMb B9)  
  The community hospital 社区医院 0bIgOLP  
  The public hospital 公立医院 *8)va  
  The private hospital 私立医院 g+<[1;[-  
  ② clinc 门诊 iXvrZofE  
  Conventional clinic treatment普通门诊 {0-rnSjC  
  ③ ward 病房 YV@efPy}n  
④ medical team 医疗队 Z;RUxe|<k  
MHye!T6fO\  
3、 医疗手段 ijzwct#.  
(1)              drug therapy 药物治疗 e6jA4X+a  
(2)              medical treatment 医疗 v+SdjFAY  
(3)              medical instruments 医疗器械 F*>#Xr~/  
(4)              diagnose (v) 诊断 (n) diagnosis ~{vB2  
(5)              prevent (v) 预防 0 ]L   
(6)              sterilize (v) 消毒 | # h4FLF_w  
(7)              administrate a drug 给药 Zzz94`  
(8)              prevent and treat disease (v) 预防和治疗疾病 WjM7s]ZRv  
(9)              TCM 中医 U/|JAg #  
(10)          chemotherapy 化疗 CgYX^h?Y9  
(11)          medical service 医疗服务 X;l/D},.  
(12)          complain of (v) 主述 V'MY+#  
(13)          health checkup 健康普查 P t/]Z<VL  
(14)          diagnosing and treating 诊断和治疗 uN>5Eh&=Pf  
(15)          consult the doctor(v) 咨询 ; BOq9\g`5s  
9n;6zVV%`  
  4 、医疗体制 w-LENdw  
  (1 )healthcare system 医疗体制 h0g?=hJq  
  (2 )medical disputes 医疗纠纷 5$N#=i`V  
  (3 )medical accident 医疗事故 hh*('n>[  
  (4 )the relationship between doctors and patients 医患关系 ?h%Jb^#9  
  (5 )medical insurance system 医疗保险体系 eNVuw:Q+  
(6 )medical aid fund 医疗救助基金 hwJ>IQ1  
P*~ vWYH9  
  5 、医德 fF r9]  
  (1 )medical ethics 医德 [0]A-#J  
  (2 )patient-oriented 以病人为核心 5 \#I 4\  
  (3 )humanistic 人道主义的 #Ra qNu  
  (4 )compassionate 富于同情性的 X:;x5'|  
  (5 )considerate 体贴周到的 -C3[:g  
  (6 )resolute 果断的 =|ODa/2 p  
  (7 )service quality 服务质量 ?6`B;_m  
(8 )to give top priority to the lives and health of people mTxqcQc:7  
,p#B5Dif/  
  6 、病人 -`* 'p i  
  (1 )patient 'Kbrz  
  (2 )the sick }l[e@6r F  
  (3 )the invalid shH2/.>  
  (4) sufferer tkr&Fs"t+  
   /:(A9b-B  
(二)疾病 }^&f {   
  1 、 患病的表达方式 1Z @sh>X|  
  ⑴ suffer from (v ) 4^bt~{}  
  (2) contract (v ) yxp ,)os:  
  (3) people with some disease 患病人群 L-D4>+  
(4) the people susceptible to some disease 易感某种疾病的人 % _E?3  
8{2  
  2 、必知疾病名称 4dPTrBQ?  
  heart disease 心脏病 &|#[.ti1  
  hypertension 高血压 nk%v|ZxoFv  
  kidney problem 肾病 $KGMAg/H  
  stroke 中风 eDZ8F^0  
    shock 休克 k/wD@H N  
  the blood pressure 血压 R2sG'<0B0  
  diabetes 糖尿病 5 k3m"*  
  obesity 肥胖 J~]@#=,v  
  terminal illness 绝症 NF6xKwRU]_  
  incurable illness 不治之症 Si?s69  
  cancer 癌症 Nyy&'\`!  
  tumor 肿瘤 i`r`Fj}-S-  
  cancer of early stage 癌症晚期 e! *] y&W  
  emergency case 急症 9Sxr9FLW~  
  serious illness 重症 <Q9l'u]3$c  
  the difficult and complicated cases 疑难病 ?`Yu~a{  
  short breath 短气 3u/JcU-<  
  syndrome 综合症 v-3VzAd=*&  
  complications 并发症 qs ep9z.  
  process 病程 hFi gY\$m  
  bone loss 骨质疏松 .b3h?R*&  
short-sighted (adj)近视 h{^v756L  
EyA ny\"  
  3、传染病 c#{lXS^  
  (1) 感染源 V&nB*U&s"  
  virus 病毒 bacteria 细菌 pest 害虫 channel and media 传染途径及媒介 nD BWm`kN  
  (2 )传染疾病 Gg'!(]v  
  some disease epidemic 传染性疾病 plague 鼠疫 9Q4{ cB  
  influenza (简)flu 流感 r{R<J?Y  
  infection contagion 传染病 1]Xx {j<  
  infectious diseases 传染病 wG[n wt0L  
  AIDS 艾滋病 Ra|P5  
  SARS zX_F+"]THt  
  (3) 传染 SPb +H19;  
  epidemic (a) 流行的,传染的 W:RjWn@<  
  block the channel (v) 6v3l^~kc'  
  disseminate 传播 ih0a#PB8  
cross infection 交叉感染 @\y{q;  
 U=~?ca  
  5 、疾病、病痛 z;1dMQ,#  
  illness hE {";/}J  
  sickness ~6t!)QATnp  
  disease l{dsm1#W~  
  ailment >whv*@Fr  
suffering <(jk}wa<  
6AJk6 W^Z  
  6 、疾病的转归  1;(h0j  
  (1 )疾病的恢复 .gg0rTf=-  
  recover recovery Xb%Q%"?~  
  recuperate @. -S(MNR  
  resume \: J=tAC  
  recruit 5FR#CQ  
  reinstate */M`KPW  
  (2) 疾病的恶化 hEB5=~A_  
  deteriorate -SM_JR3<  
  aggravate pZ>yBY?R8>  
  exasperate VH]}{i"`  
  make worse ar <8wq<4G  
  worsen kC.!cPd  
   v%qOW)].  
    7、其他相关词汇 w U+r]SK@  
  outbreak and spending 6HK1?  
  break out (v) 疾病的爆发 9PKXQp  
  spread (v) 疾病的扩散 @[J6JT*E  
  the incidence of common diseases 常见病发生率 ;<garDf  
  taboo 禁忌 JhFn"(O  
  speed up blood circulation (v) -kk7y  
  improve the cardiac functions (v) hP+4{F*}-  
  side effects 副反应 ^Q`5+  
complain of 主述 f8lyH'z0 @  
{C 5:as  
   A6=Z2i0w>X  
(三)药物 7=Muq]j2  
  1 、药物名称 X "7CN Td  
  medicine Sn*s@RE\s  
  drug cIwX sx  
  remedy ]!AS%D`  
  medicinal herbs &'/"=lK  
  power mvjx &+q  
  tablet Jai]z  
pill {'4#{zmp  
twr{jdY9  
  2 、药物用法 ZFtR#r(~41  
  开药 : 8~O#@hB~3  
  prescribe some medicine for some diseases hn2:@^=f  
  write out a proscription )(G<(eiD  
  服药 r7W.}n*  
  take a medicine #tKks:eL  
  治…的疾病 & $|~",  
a remedy for some diseases o?}dHTk7  
%q|* }l  
3 、其他相关词汇 y 0p=E^Q M  
  drug therapy 药物治疗 ,mm97I  
  side effects 副反应 y?UJ <QAi  
  drug abuse 药物滥用 fh`Y2s|:7R  
  drugstore 药房 Mi.2 >  
  over the counter 非处方药 A]m*~Vj]  
  drug allergy 药物过敏 U=JK  
  drug poisoning 药物中毒 ^*l dsc  
  prescription 处方 dsw^$R}   
  expenses for medicine 药费 G)~>d/  
  charges for medicine Pa{DB?P  
drug rebate 药品回扣 Ru`afjc  
CL2zZk{u_  
   4OM ]8I!  
(四)心理疾病 x3Cn:F  
  1 、心理学专业词汇  Fw[1Aa#  
  subhealth 亚健康 s@~3L  
  psychological benefits 心理健康 4'D^>z!c  
  psychological problem 心理问题 pRjEuOc  
  psychological consultation 心理咨询 x=>dmi3  
  psychological obstacles 心理障碍 &kd W(;`  
  mental obstacles 心理障碍 xb[yy}>"L  
  psychological massage 心理按摩 M#2<|VUW,  
  psychology 心理学/ 心理 $o+@}B0)  
  psychotherapy 心理治疗 )xc1Lsrr9  
psychological expert 心理专家 ]NaH *\q  
0o7o;eN  
  2 、情绪词汇 ] gHr qi%  
  overcome H)TKk%`7  
  disappoint G :+D1J]  
  disappointed B[sI7D>Y  
  shy , 6@0? ~  
  flush te;bn4~  
  frustration umPN=0u6  
  failure T^8`ji  
  willpower `Q+O#l?  
  optimism h{yh}04P1  
  optimistic CiU^U|~'L  
  be sensitive to %A `9[icy  
  nervous s#8}&2#l  
  tensional }5" Rj<  
  sad agony pessimism pessimistic p/ZgzHyF  
  confident confidence \o,et9zDJ3  
  stress pressure  CU\r I  
  depress depressed |&S^L}V.C  
  depression depressive 2CtCG8o  
   h _c11#  
3 、疲劳相关词汇 (Gzq 1+B  
  fatigue tire (v) weariness (n) tired(a) exhausted(a) fatigued (a) weary q2Gm8>F1y.  
   =v! 8i  
(五)肥胖与营养 jxw8jo06:  
  1 、营养物质 JDpW7OrDc  
  nutrient 营养素 }i;!p Ue$  
  protein 蛋白质 ]R"n+LnI:=  
  fat 脂肪 #B$_ily)  
  glucose 葡萄糖 D#ED?Lqf  
  vitamin 维生素 }z-)!8vF  
  sugar 糖类 ac43d`wpK  
  heat calories quantity of heat 热量 XC[AJ!q`  
  carbohydrate 碳水化合物 8 =3#S'n  
  soft drink beverage 软饮料 >y@3`u]  
cholesterol胆固醇 "y .(E7 6  
hG/Z 65`&  
  2 、营养与饮食 dBL{Mbh2Z  
  a well-balanced diet ~:4Mf/Ca  
  nutrition 营养 g;nPF*(  
  nutritional 营养的 w`Z@|A  
^@q $c  
二、医学写作其他常用词汇 P4"EvdV7  
74Il]i1=  
1.       下降、减少 reduction,decrease,decline,diminution, drop,descend,go / come down,fall 0K^G>)l  
2.       上升、增加rise; go up; ascend;increase p~u11rH  
3.       禽流感 H1N1 flu /  bird flu / avian flu; k@C]~1  
4.       食品安全 food safety 9y"\]G77E  
5.       公共卫生突发事件public health emergencies \tg}K0E?R5  
6.       应急反应 immediate response to "(y|iS$^T  
7.       .关注民生 concern(focus on, pay attention to) people’s livelihood/well-being &>6IU ki_Py5  
8.       城乡卫生体系urban-rural medical and health system Qte'f+  
9.       预防保健disease prevention and health care @y\M8C8  
10.   服务体系service system A \Mod4tQ  
11.   讲究卫生pay attention to hygiene LMte,zs>  
12.   个人和环境卫生personal and environmental hygiene 9i. WAbt8{$D  
13.   清淡的lite a?9Ka!O4s  
14.   蛋白添加饮食protein-complemented diet M&O .7B1}  
15.   预防的措施preventive initiatives=preventive measures ^AN mH} 1Zy  
16.   人畜共患病zoonosis=anthropozoonosis.人兽共患病 E%C02sI  
17.   虫媒insect pollination; 7L&=z$U@m  
18.   虫媒传染病insect-borne /arthropod-borne infectious disease H@,(  
19.   肾病综合征nephritic/renal syndrome; H<YS2Ed  
20.   爆发流行break out, explode; an epidemic outbreak of explosion k GzosUt  
21.   传染(及相关词):infect/infection/infectious, communicate/communicable, contagion/ contagious, transmission/transmittable;!" j_*#"}Lcp  
22.   传播途径route of transmission, bird flu transmits by air/wind;person to person transmission :Yqi5CR  
23.   传播,散布:diffuse,prevalence,spread,transmit,disseminate,propagate/ propagation{D p1L8g[\  
24.   污染pollution/ pollute,contamination/contaminate LHz-/0 [  
25.   福祉 well-being, happiness d^WEfH  
26.   衰老grow old;aging;senility;senile s @'EU\Y\l  
27.   每况愈下from bad to worse vr D]o1F  
28.   相似的akin to=similar to ( XoL,lJ  
29.   脓的,化脓的purulent – @t6B\ ?4'T  
30.   脂肪肝fatty liver 1x#Z}XG  
31.   血压 hypertension H`;q@  
32.   肠癌Cancer of Rectum and Colon D? 3^>h  
33.   亚健康 sub-health 8 ga~C?H,K  
34.   过劳死death from overwork [ 4b B)t#  
35.   长期以来 for a long time ; over the years 0 'e;]\< 0z  
36.   养生preserve one's health; nourishing of life; keep in good health _fu?,  
37.   分类 be divided into=fall into three categories=be grouped according to their origin, into three classes.=be categorized according to/be roughly classified into three kinds |A#pG^  
38.   基本职责=basic/ fundamental/essential/elementary duties/responsibilities/obligations hYMo5?  
39.   基本原则fundamental principle/ rule, basic rule or principle K uz /  
40.   道德morals, morality, ethics均含“道德”之意。morals多用于实践方面,指按习惯或社会公认的道德标准,尤指男女之间关系的道德。morality指符合道德标准的行为,或用道德标准衡量某事,既指社会的又指个人的道德。ethics多用于伦理方面,指符合于伦理学中所指的好的行为,常指公平正真地对人对事的品德。 Z!P7mH\c}  
41.   民众the (general) public,the masses of the people,the common people emo@&6*  
42.   合作者co-worker; collaborator; copartner; co-agent R(sPU>`MX  
43.   死亡人数death toll,deaths,the number of people killed in/dying from 7Rf${Wv0  
44.   .归结为 boil down to;come down to "+iPeRF!hU  
45.   归因为/归功于 be attributable to,be attributed to,ascribe or attribute… to, owe…to QQUYWC  
46.   归咎于lay or put the blame on sb,blame…on,ascribe or attribute… to,impute… to >M\3tB2C  
47.   大规模on a large scale,extensive,large-scale,massive 90o G+T4  
48.   大规模流行 large-scale transmission,become a pandemic,massive attack/outbreak 'Tn i;  
49.   表面上on the surface, apparently, ostensibly, superficial, seemingly P\B ]><!ep  
50.   因果关系 cause-and-effect relationship, causal relationship/relations RG9YA&1ce  
51.   孤立现象an isolated phenomenon N|OI~boV%  
52.   复杂的complicated,complex,sophisticated,intricate v&p|9C@  
53.   极端复杂性extreme/ exceeding complexity/complicacy }j^asuf~c  
54.   低保basic living allowances/subsistence allowances 60B6~@]P  
55.   养老保险 endowment insurance ]uN}n;`12  
56.   退休养老金retirement n  x w8 e  
57.   医疗改革health care reform FA}dKE=c Q  
58.   激烈运动strenuous exercise;vigorous activity V7Z+@e-5  
59.   月经期menstrual period S !e5!8z  
60.   生活的节奏the tempo/the pace of life; a life of quick /fast pace 4NaL#3  
61.   婴幼儿保健the infant health care %l4LX~-:  
62.   安乐死euthanasia uHj"nd13  
63.   得绝症的terminally ill +yvtd]D$2W  
64.   临终关怀=hospice care=end-of-life care ! ]W^F!p~eC  
65.   濒临死亡的病人:dying patients,terminally ill patients,incurable patient 4PtRTb0<i3  
吸二手烟secondhand smoking ,also called “involuntary smoking” or “passive smoking”. -? _#Yttu  
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