医学博士英语写作总结 @x[A^
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一、原则与要求:不直译原文,抓主要论点,果断舍弃次要内容,突出新点,论点清晰,主要写中长句子!!2-5个长句!不写或少写短句!!一般真题范例在10-15句左右。 v/v PU
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二、现场写作技巧 x.Ny@l%]
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①划线,划出实质性,实词性句子。②翻译标题,有标题就译,没有标题不能加。③末尾重复标题,首尾呼应。 Z rgv*
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精简医学考博写作常用核心词汇 1BP/,d |+
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1.下降、减少 reduction,decrease,decline,diminution, drop,descend,go / come down,fall;上升、增加rise; go up; ascend;increase; H _| re
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2.禽流感 H1N1 flu bird flu/avian flu;食品安全 food safety; 6p&uifY}tR
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3.公共卫生突发事件public health emergencies; 应急反应 immediate response to; tef>Py
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4.关注民生 concern(focus on, pay attention to) people’s livelihood/well-being; im)r4={
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5.城乡卫生体系urban-rural medical and health system eQ6wEeB9
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6.预防保健Disease Prevention and Health care,服务体系service system; !\Cu J5U
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7.讲究卫生pay attention to hygiene;个人和环境卫生personal and environmental hygiene Z>X]'q03
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8.lite清淡的;protein-complemented diet蛋白添加饮食; nKEw$~F
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9.preventive initiatives=preventive measures预防的措施 0~DsA Ua
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10.人畜共患病zoonosis=anthropozoonosis.人兽共患病, :2wT)w z
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11.虫媒insect pollination;虫媒传染病insect-borne /arthropod-borne infectious disease: O9ro{ k
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12.肾病综合征:nephrotic/renal syndrome; fwUF5Y
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13.epidemic hemorrhagic fever 流行性出血热; :DuEv:;v
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14.爆发流行:break out, explode; an epidemic outbreak of,explosion R'atg
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15.传染:infect/infection/infectious,communicate/communicable, contagion/ contagious, transmission/transmittable; 9Gx`[{wI9<
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communicable可传达的, 会传染的, 爱说话的[医] 有传染性的; m<*+^JN
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communicative a. 健谈的, 爱说话的, 交际的 iHQ$L# 7
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16.传播途径route of transmission, bird flu transmits by air/wind;person to person transmission B=}QgXg
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17.传播,散布:diffuse,prevalence,spread,transmit,disseminate,propagate/ propagation 7pnlS*E.
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18.污染pollution/ pollute,contamination/contaminate REsw=P!b
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19.福祉 well-being, happiness; "%_T7A ![
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20.衰老grow old;aging;consenescence;senility;senile ;!3: 3;
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21.from bad to worse每况愈下;akin to=similar to 相似的;Purulent脓的,化脓的 'coY`B; 8
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22.脂肪肝fatty liver; 血压 hypertension yDRi
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23.肠癌Cancer of Rectum and Colon;亚健康 sub-health (W[]}k;
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24.过劳死 karoshi; death from overwork Cyo:Da
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25.长期以来 for a long time ; over the years J*Cf1 D5!
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26.养生preserve one's health; nourishing of life; keep in good health 2gEF$?+q?
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27.分类 be divided into=fall into three categories=be grouped according to their origin, into three classes.=be categorized according to/be roughly classified into three kinds. _E/
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28.基本职责=basic/ fundamental/essential/elementary duties/responsibilities/obligations; GSfU*@L3
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基本原则fundamental principle/ rule, basic rule or principle; qT#NS&T!-
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29.morals,morality,ethics均含“道德”之意。morals多用于实践方面,指按习惯或社会公认的道德标准,尤指男女之间关系的道德。morality指符合道德标准的行为,或用道德标准衡量某事,既指社会的又指个人的道德。ethics多用于伦理方面,指符合于伦理学中所指的好的行为,常指公平正真地对人对事的品德。 ~I~lb/
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30.民众the (general) public,the masses of the people,the common people;合作者co-worker; collaborator; copartner; coagent; ,V zbKx,
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31.死亡人数death toll,deaths,the number of people killed in/dying from d-8{}Q
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The death toll is expected to rise. The death toll continues to rise. x]4>f[>*>
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There have been more deaths from drowning. C+dz0u3s
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How much is the death toll? 死亡人数是多少? xokA_3,1F
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32.归结为 boil down to;come down to; b%d, X-3
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归因为/归功于 be attributable to、be attributed to、ascribe or attribute… to、owe…to; Kp;a(D
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归咎于lay or put the blame on sb、blame…on、ascribe or attribute… to、impute… to。 :z%Zur+n c
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33.大规模on a large scale,extensive,large-scale,massive;大规模流行 large-scale transmission,become a pandemic,massive attack/outbreak b+L !p.:
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34.表面上on the surface, apparently, ostensibly, superficial, seemingly; bik lja
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因果关系 cause-and-effect relationship, causal relationship/relations; Y3-f68*(
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孤立现象an isolated phenomenon; }j!C+i
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复杂的complicated,complex,sophisticated,intricate; 0WyOORuK
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极端复杂性extreme/ exceeding complexity/complicacy。 S,a:H*Hf
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35.低保basic living allowances/subsistence allowances; f'BmIFb#
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养老保险 endowment insurance; _ D"S
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退休养老金retirement pension; g!)*CP#;
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36.激烈运动strenuous exercise;vigorous activity; E5a7p.
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37.月经期menstrual period e+?;Dc-SJ\
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38.生活的节奏the tempo/the pace of life; a life of quick /fast pace q2 ;CvoF
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39.婴幼儿保健the infant health care 162Dj$
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40.安乐死euthanasia; ?!3u?Kd
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41.得绝症的terminally ill; gj&5>brP
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42.临终关怀=Hospice Care=end-of-life care ^Of\l:q*
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濒临死亡的病人:dying patients,terminally ill patients,incurable patient (R9"0WeF
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43.Secondhand Smoking ,also called “involuntary smoking” or “passive smoking”. "kKIv|`
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