英语中基本句式 M"W~%
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英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂,但仔细观察不外乎五个基本句式。这五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。换言之,绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的。这五个基本句式如下: HNMVs]/e
S十V主谓结构 7^hwRZJ{
S十V十F主系表结构 ?7eD<|
S十V十O主谓宾结构 ,ve$bSp
S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构 `i"7; _HoV
S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构 cUDo}Yu
说明:S=主语;V=谓语;P=表语;O=宾语;O1=间接宾语;O2=直接宾语;C=宾语补足语 fGf C[DuY
五个基本句式详细解释如下: $qp,7RW
1.S十V句式 '#*5jn]CqB
在此句式中,V是不及物动词,又叫自动词(vi.)。例如: WGC'k
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He runs quickly. OS{j5o
他跑得快。 {E3329t|'
They listened carefully. Vmb `%k20'
他们听得很仔细。 \J?l7mG
He suffered from cold and hunger. (考试大)
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他挨冻受饿。 O9/7?"l"
China belongs to the third world country. lDU@Q(V#}<
中国属于第三世界国家。 P_y8[Y]?
The gas has given out. h,Nq:"}
煤气用完了。 ,bU8S\8
My ink has run out. YB?5s`vr9d
我的钢笔水用完了。 id=:J7!QU
2.S十V十P句式 i^I
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在此句式中,V是系动词(link v.),常见的系动词有:look,seem,appear,sound,feel,taste,smell,grow,get,fall ill/asleep,stand/sit still,become,turn等。例如: 4],*y`& g
He is older than he looks. WKDa]({k%
他比看上去要老。 ka UEv\T
He seen interested in the book. r,FPTf
他似乎对这本书感兴趣。 56JvF*hP
The story sounds interesting. NW
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这个故事听起来有趣。 ']'V?@H]4
The desk feels hard. fvH4<c5x
书桌摸起来很硬。 f?[0I\V[$
The cake tastes nice. dF#`_!4pbf
饼尝起来很香。 i7#PYt
The flowers smell sweet and nicc. R{R'byre
花闻起来香甜。 %k8H'w\
You have grown taller than before. _=*ph0nu
你长得比以前高了。 &'{?Y;A
He has suddenly fallen ill.(examda) *41
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他突然病倒了。 ~;ZT<eCIA
He stood quite still. D&C83^m
他静静地站看。 >v9@p7Dn
He becomes a teacher when he grew up. qy$1+>f1
他长大后当了教师。 |OarE2
He could never turn traitor to his country. R'e>YDC
他永远不会背叛他的祖国。 G0^,@jF?b
注意:有些动词同时也是及物动词,可构成SVO句式,例如: DM[gjfMXu
He looked me up and down. }(-2a*Z;Y
他上下打量我。 %<?U`o@*
He reached his hand to feel the elephant. {EL
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他伸出手来摸象。 1O@y
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They are tasting the fish. 9&VfbrBM
他们在品尝鱼。 x |0@T ?
They grow rice in their home town. 3^x
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他们在家乡种水稻。 @9ndr$t
He's got a chair to sit on. '3'*VcL(
他有椅子坐。 /G
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Please turn the sentence into English. oe,37xa4
请把这个句于泽成英语。 W{
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3.S十V十O句式 /~nPPC
在此句式中,V是及物动词(vt.),因此有宾语。例如: F?EAIL
I saw a film yesterday. =(%+S<}
我昨天看了一部电影。 p^/6Rb"e
Have you read the story? Sru}0M#
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你读过这个故事吗? 9EI Oa/*
They found their home easily. sPoH12?AL
他们很容易找到他们的家。 `fm^#Nw
They built a house last year. G
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他们去年建了一所房子。 2F-
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They've put up a factory in the village. z:a%kZQ!0
他们在村里建了一座工厂。 :^H#i:4
They have taken good care of the children. i*9Bu;
这些孩子他们照看得很好。 *~H\#N|x
You should look after your children well. yWkg4
你应该好好照看你的孩子。 }US^GEs(
4.S十V十O1十O2句式 ^;[|,:8f7L
在此句式中,V是带有双宾语的及物动词。常见的须带双宾语的动词有give,ask,bring,offer,send,pay,lend,show,tell,buy,get;rob,warn等。例如:
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He gave me a book/a book to me.
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他给我一本书。 G$T#ql
He brought me a pen/a pen to me. gdKn!; ,w#
他带给我一枝钢笔。 J
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He offered me his seat/his seat to me. &Bfgvws;
他把座位让给我。 Z#nPn>,q
注意下边动词改写后介词的变化: c"H59 jE
Mother bought me a book/a book for me. ~n<U8cm O
妈妈给我买了一本书。 ZQV,gIFys
He got me a chair/a chair for me. b IZ
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他给我弄了一把椅子。 'L1=:g.\i
Please do me a favor/a favor for me. R_|Sg
请帮我一下。 |:jka
He asked me a question/a question of me. %n7Y5|Uh
他问我个问题。 P_{jZ}y(
注意,下边动词只有一种说法: { t1|6R0
They robbed the old man of his money. xQ{n|)i>
他们抢了老人的钱。 md. #n
He's warned me of the danger. G{C27k>wa
他警告我注意危险。 &Ub
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The doctor has cured him of his disease. #;*0 Pwe`
医生治好了他的病。 q[rBu9
We must rid the house of th erats. }g@5%DI]
我们必须赶走屋里的老鼠。 A3jT;D9Y
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They deprived him of his right to speak. W{6%Hhp
他们剥夺了他说话的权利。 4PsJs<u
5.S十V十O十C句式 t^Hte^#S
在此句式中,V是有宾语补足语的及物动词。常带宾语补足语的词有形容词、副词、介词短语、名词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词。 H[S 4o,
常见的可接宾语补足语的动词很多,哪些动词可接哪几种形式作宾补,须根据动词的惯用法而定,不能统而概论。请看下面的例子。 g*uo2-MN&e
They made the girl angry. _h7qS
他们使这个女孩生气了。 QL{{GQ_dn
They found her happy that day. -N4km5
他们发现那天她很高兴。 p~h)@
I found him out. rElbzL"&<
我发现他出去了。 9~FB^3Nz_
I saw him in. K/OE;;<IA
我见他在家。 n,.ZLuBEX
They saw a foot mark in the sand. 5*#!w1X
他们发现沙地上有脚印。 k-
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They named the boy Charlie. $u`v
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他们给这个男孩起名为查理。 Le*sLuxk<
I saw him come in and go out. `QIYnokL
我见他进来又出去。 'aFj yY?%
They felt the car moving fast. p?q~.YY
他们感到汽车行驶得很快。 .^Z^L F
I heard the glass broken just now. fCq
我刚才听到玻璃碎了。 mR OXwzL
He found the doctor of study closed to him. HalkNR-eEm
他发现研究所的大门对他关闭了。 :())%Xu3
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