英语中基本句式 "q@OMf
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英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂,但仔细观察不外乎五个基本句式。这五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。换言之,绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的。这五个基本句式如下: *?jU$&Qpj*
S十V主谓结构 Ar&]/X,WG
S十V十F主系表结构 |Y'xtOMX
S十V十O主谓宾结构 MgJiJ0y
S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构 1(!w xJ
S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构 wI'8B{[
说明:S=主语;V=谓语;P=表语;O=宾语;O1=间接宾语;O2=直接宾语;C=宾语补足语 |lH~nU.*
五个基本句式详细解释如下: ^]mwL)I}
1.S十V句式 _nw=^zS
在此句式中,V是不及物动词,又叫自动词(vi.)。例如: Q*wub9
He runs quickly. hgCF!eud
他跑得快。 oXw} K((|
They listened carefully. N<wy"N{iS
他们听得很仔细。 (lv|-Phc.
He suffered from cold and hunger. (考试大) [s?H3yQ.
他挨冻受饿。 !>XG$-$`Z
China belongs to the third world country. kIS&! V
中国属于第三世界国家。 M$O}roOa
The gas has given out. `q Sfo`
煤气用完了。 P;jl!o$
My ink has run out. .<JD'%?"
我的钢笔水用完了。 e6
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2.S十V十P句式 U85t !U
在此句式中,V是系动词(link v.),常见的系动词有:look,seem,appear,sound,feel,taste,smell,grow,get,fall ill/asleep,stand/sit still,become,turn等。例如: zRyZrt,%&
He is older than he looks. @W3fKF9*R
他比看上去要老。 Zf;1U98oC
He seen interested in the book. ;c73:'e
他似乎对这本书感兴趣。 42:~oKiQ$"
The story sounds interesting. xM85^B'
这个故事听起来有趣。 [.tqgU
The desk feels hard. 31mY]Jve"
书桌摸起来很硬。 -05zcIVo
The cake tastes nice. N>;"r]Rl"
饼尝起来很香。 _$/(l4\T[
The flowers smell sweet and nicc. yBO88rfh>
花闻起来香甜。 mj :8ZZ
You have grown taller than before. _[h1SAJ
你长得比以前高了。 X~abn7_
He has suddenly fallen ill.(examda) Vf6lu)Zc1
他突然病倒了。 -Zfzl`r
He stood quite still. CD1}.h
他静静地站看。 'LIJpk3J
He becomes a teacher when he grew up. 0}$",M!p
他长大后当了教师。 SFKW"cP
He could never turn traitor to his country. `9b/Q
他永远不会背叛他的祖国。 k<ds7k1m
注意:有些动词同时也是及物动词,可构成SVO句式,例如: k
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He looked me up and down. &O5%6Sv3d
他上下打量我。 mJ0nyjX^
He reached his hand to feel the elephant. }K9Vr!
他伸出手来摸象。 E,E:W uB
They are tasting the fish. {c|nIwdB
他们在品尝鱼。 Z 2Fm=88
They grow rice in their home town. a_'W1ek-@
他们在家乡种水稻。 A- IpE
He's got a chair to sit on. Rj9ME,u
他有椅子坐。 i{PRj
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Please turn the sentence into English. iyrUY
请把这个句于泽成英语。 7qA);N
3.S十V十O句式 y.5mYQA4=[
在此句式中,V是及物动词(vt.),因此有宾语。例如: #wbaRx@rc
I saw a film yesterday. t*y4)I !gR
我昨天看了一部电影。 j(6:
Have you read the story? hf0G-r_ow
你读过这个故事吗? d z&| 3o
They found their home easily. 0}hN/2}&
他们很容易找到他们的家。 ?mS798=f
They built a house last year. q%
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他们去年建了一所房子。 l/[@1(F
They've put up a factory in the village. 75wQH*
他们在村里建了一座工厂。 P1=bbMk
They have taken good care of the children. >>Hsx2M
这些孩子他们照看得很好。 l@4hBq
You should look after your children well. $1.iMHb
你应该好好照看你的孩子。 Mkko1T=6
4.S十V十O1十O2句式 )QaI{ z
在此句式中,V是带有双宾语的及物动词。常见的须带双宾语的动词有give,ask,bring,offer,send,pay,lend,show,tell,buy,get;rob,warn等。例如: COc1np
He gave me a book/a book to me. HD
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他给我一本书。 :aLShxKA
He brought me a pen/a pen to me. jpZX5_o
他带给我一枝钢笔。 ~ Y
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He offered me his seat/his seat to me. kOETx
他把座位让给我。 3l->$R]
注意下边动词改写后介词的变化: 0aSN8
Mother bought me a book/a book for me. {}N* e"<O
妈妈给我买了一本书。 |;6FhDW+'
He got me a chair/a chair for me. `x~k}
他给我弄了一把椅子。 a3 6n}R4Q
Please do me a favor/a favor for me. ] $$ciFM
请帮我一下。
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He asked me a question/a question of me. Sq %BfP)a(
他问我个问题。 Hlp!6\gukp
注意,下边动词只有一种说法: f?#:@ zcL
They robbed the old man of his money. k )Z?
他们抢了老人的钱。 Zg5@l3w
He's warned me of the danger. v+znKpE
他警告我注意危险。 y^Oj4Y:
The doctor has cured him of his disease. 5b0Ipg
医生治好了他的病。 /8q7pwV
We must rid the house of th erats. {G&K_~Vj
我们必须赶走屋里的老鼠。 ppN96-]^0
They deprived him of his right to speak. }<uD[[FLB
他们剥夺了他说话的权利。 f";70}_
5.S十V十O十C句式 Ik>sd@X*|
在此句式中,V是有宾语补足语的及物动词。常带宾语补足语的词有形容词、副词、介词短语、名词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词。 (:,N?bg
常见的可接宾语补足语的动词很多,哪些动词可接哪几种形式作宾补,须根据动词的惯用法而定,不能统而概论。请看下面的例子。 x@m"[u
They made the girl angry. Cj"k
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他们使这个女孩生气了。 ;x@9@6_
They found her happy that day. $ n`<,;^l
他们发现那天她很高兴。 L'J$jB5cP
I found him out. o(]kI?`
我发现他出去了。 j1v fp"J1
I saw him in. ?:s `}b
我见他在家。 E$ q/4
They saw a foot mark in the sand. X4
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他们发现沙地上有脚印。 1oFU4+{ 4
They named the boy Charlie. <#7}'@
他们给这个男孩起名为查理。 ~kS~
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I saw him come in and go out. KG'4;Z5J
我见他进来又出去。 0jrcXN~
They felt the car moving fast. j
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他们感到汽车行驶得很快。 Rr^<Q:#"<|
I heard the glass broken just now. 5L42'gJ
我刚才听到玻璃碎了。 +&O[}%W
He found the doctor of study closed to him. M86v
他发现研究所的大门对他关闭了。 TiCp2Rsz
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