英语中基本句式 DtrR< &m
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英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂,但仔细观察不外乎五个基本句式。这五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。换言之,绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的。这五个基本句式如下: n^P~]1i
S十V主谓结构 q}'ww
S十V十F主系表结构 rrL
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S十V十O主谓宾结构
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S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构 $/p/9 -
S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构 {Jx-Zo>'
说明:S=主语;V=谓语;P=表语;O=宾语;O1=间接宾语;O2=直接宾语;C=宾语补足语 VsJ4sb7
五个基本句式详细解释如下: lNwqWOWy
1.S十V句式 v+b#8
在此句式中,V是不及物动词,又叫自动词(vi.)。例如: d[7B,l:RN
He runs quickly. 7}r6mr0vpm
他跑得快。 :k
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They listened carefully. :Ou[LF.O
他们听得很仔细。 V }?MP-.c
He suffered from cold and hunger. (考试大) Wp2$L-T&$
他挨冻受饿。 `k]2*$%
China belongs to the third world country. SE7mn6,%\
中国属于第三世界国家。 99G'`NO
The gas has given out. :H(w
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煤气用完了。 FJCL K#-
My ink has run out. u"s@eN
我的钢笔水用完了。 Krw'|<
2.S十V十P句式 5"WI^"6b:
在此句式中,V是系动词(link v.),常见的系动词有:look,seem,appear,sound,feel,taste,smell,grow,get,fall ill/asleep,stand/sit still,become,turn等。例如: KKcajN
He is older than he looks. E3"j7y[S
他比看上去要老。 xMr=t
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He seen interested in the book. ;ZtN9l
他似乎对这本书感兴趣。 ^(+@uuBx
The story sounds interesting. ]VcuD05"C
这个故事听起来有趣。 #6F|}E
The desk feels hard. -SlAt$IJ
书桌摸起来很硬。 i[4t`v'Dk
The cake tastes nice. &WJ;s*
饼尝起来很香。 I1 +A$<Fa
The flowers smell sweet and nicc. *bl|[(pP
花闻起来香甜。 Q>g-xe 1
You have grown taller than before. vtw97G
你长得比以前高了。 @QfbIP9
He has suddenly fallen ill.(examda) b`fWT:?=
他突然病倒了。 Uo
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He stood quite still. :/\KVz'fw}
他静静地站看。 cXIuGvE&=
He becomes a teacher when he grew up. hH]oJ}H \
他长大后当了教师。 _Rk>yJD7s
He could never turn traitor to his country. MZ:Ty,pw:O
他永远不会背叛他的祖国。 S76xEL
注意:有些动词同时也是及物动词,可构成SVO句式,例如: X&gXhr#dL\
He looked me up and down. ^0(`:*
他上下打量我。 rI'kZ0&
He reached his hand to feel the elephant. `,s0^?_
他伸出手来摸象。 )(h<vo)-zX
They are tasting the fish. ~)#xOE}
他们在品尝鱼。 JpZ3T~Wrf
They grow rice in their home town. J:dNV<A^
他们在家乡种水稻。 v
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He's got a chair to sit on. 7!A3PDAe
他有椅子坐。 ?
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Please turn the sentence into English. 8nTdZu
请把这个句于泽成英语。 RJE<1!{
3.S十V十O句式 ) %bY2
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在此句式中,V是及物动词(vt.),因此有宾语。例如: zvKypx
I saw a film yesterday. I{7Hz{
我昨天看了一部电影。 ,%]xT>kH
Have you read the story? 0kL
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你读过这个故事吗? , R $ZZ4
They found their home easily. y2@8?
他们很容易找到他们的家。 p2j=73$
They built a house last year. N=;VS-
他们去年建了一所房子。 |\/V1
They've put up a factory in the village. 29k\}m7l<*
他们在村里建了一座工厂。 '
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They have taken good care of the children. IfpFs
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这些孩子他们照看得很好。 "uD^1'IW2
You should look after your children well. 0
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你应该好好照看你的孩子。 [ FNA:
4.S十V十O1十O2句式 <'<{|$Pw
在此句式中,V是带有双宾语的及物动词。常见的须带双宾语的动词有give,ask,bring,offer,send,pay,lend,show,tell,buy,get;rob,warn等。例如: ]y<<zQ_fhY
He gave me a book/a book to me. ['_G1_p
他给我一本书。 J2Eb"y>/;
He brought me a pen/a pen to me. 7V KTI:5y
他带给我一枝钢笔。 a*nx2d
He offered me his seat/his seat to me. Auf2JH~
他把座位让给我。 x)!NB99(tC
注意下边动词改写后介词的变化: (f?&zQ!+
Mother bought me a book/a book for me. t"]~e"
妈妈给我买了一本书。 |\S p IFH1
He got me a chair/a chair for me. mqb6 MnK -
他给我弄了一把椅子。 gTwxmp.,
Please do me a favor/a favor for me. E
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请帮我一下。 [G[|auKF
He asked me a question/a question of me. RE}$(T=
他问我个问题。 A?/(W_Gt^M
注意,下边动词只有一种说法: -% Z?rn2
They robbed the old man of his money. $E]W
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他们抢了老人的钱。 C"!k`i=Lj
He's warned me of the danger. c;pv< lX'
他警告我注意危险。 [Oy5Td7[
The doctor has cured him of his disease. smN|r
医生治好了他的病。 ~kW[d1'c
We must rid the house of th erats.
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我们必须赶走屋里的老鼠。 dCkk5&2n
They deprived him of his right to speak. q2C._{ 0'
他们剥夺了他说话的权利。 O#962\
5.S十V十O十C句式 bI"_hvcFp
在此句式中,V是有宾语补足语的及物动词。常带宾语补足语的词有形容词、副词、介词短语、名词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词。 :7-2^7z)
常见的可接宾语补足语的动词很多,哪些动词可接哪几种形式作宾补,须根据动词的惯用法而定,不能统而概论。请看下面的例子。 Dw6mSsC/
They made the girl angry. rr=
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他们使这个女孩生气了。 a{FCg%vD)
They found her happy that day. BQfq]ti
他们发现那天她很高兴。 wjeuZNYf
I found him out. F+3}Gkn
我发现他出去了。
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I saw him in. k6?;D_dm
我见他在家。 9Oe~e
They saw a foot mark in the sand. m=hUHA,p4
他们发现沙地上有脚印。 ~d072qUos
They named the boy Charlie. 6*\WH%
他们给这个男孩起名为查理。 R@8pKCL.
I saw him come in and go out. WQ1~9#
我见他进来又出去。 AYP
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They felt the car moving fast. ^L@2%}6b`
他们感到汽车行驶得很快。 t0*,%ge:<
I heard the glass broken just now. BHZCM^
我刚才听到玻璃碎了。 "A]Xe[oS
He found the doctor of study closed to him. ;qN;oSK
他发现研究所的大门对他关闭了。 4{rqGC/
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