英语中基本句式 f\2'/g}6a
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英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂,但仔细观察不外乎五个基本句式。这五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。换言之,绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的。这五个基本句式如下: enDjP
S十V主谓结构 7f~.Qus
S十V十F主系表结构 ,d&~#W]
S十V十O主谓宾结构 oypX.nye_
S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构 ^W3xw[{
S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构 2{|
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说明:S=主语;V=谓语;P=表语;O=宾语;O1=间接宾语;O2=直接宾语;C=宾语补足语 yLipu
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五个基本句式详细解释如下: EX|Wd|aK
1.S十V句式 pR; AqDQ
在此句式中,V是不及物动词,又叫自动词(vi.)。例如: C[|jJ9VE,
He runs quickly. Jd7+~isu~
他跑得快。 w)5eD+n\-
They listened carefully. cRI&cN"o
他们听得很仔细。 rcY[jF
He suffered from cold and hunger. (考试大) ik
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他挨冻受饿。 OF2*zU7M
China belongs to the third world country. m!tB;:6
中国属于第三世界国家。 qI5_@[S*
The gas has given out. :BNqr[=b
煤气用完了。 .?@$Rd2@W
My ink has run out. (w6 024~
我的钢笔水用完了。 ApG_Gd.
2.S十V十P句式 !Hr~B.f7
在此句式中,V是系动词(link v.),常见的系动词有:look,seem,appear,sound,feel,taste,smell,grow,get,fall ill/asleep,stand/sit still,become,turn等。例如: 1
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He is older than he looks. UQ}[2x(Kb
他比看上去要老。 -V%"i,t
He seen interested in the book.
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他似乎对这本书感兴趣。 wJNiw)C
The story sounds interesting. XBh0=E?qiS
这个故事听起来有趣。 AU OL?st
The desk feels hard. xVfAlN37(
书桌摸起来很硬。 %-/[.DYt
The cake tastes nice. TMpV.iH
饼尝起来很香。 *%=BcV+,
The flowers smell sweet and nicc. #.'0DWT\-
花闻起来香甜。 RXxi7^ U
You have grown taller than before. ^Vso`(Ss
你长得比以前高了。 TWZ**S-
He has suddenly fallen ill.(examda) NTbmI$(
他突然病倒了。 7l/.fSW
He stood quite still. Ye% e!
他静静地站看。 2Tec#eYe
He becomes a teacher when he grew up. n?!XNXb
他长大后当了教师。 *:gx1w
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He could never turn traitor to his country. #I8)|p?P
他永远不会背叛他的祖国。 #s>AiD
注意:有些动词同时也是及物动词,可构成SVO句式,例如: U6cpj
He looked me up and down. DA]<30w
他上下打量我。 )eIC5>#.
He reached his hand to feel the elephant. o@:${>jw
他伸出手来摸象。 tg-U x
They are tasting the fish. fIe';a
他们在品尝鱼。 cq+G 0F+H
They grow rice in their home town. Z*/{^ zsE
他们在家乡种水稻。 M$_E:u&D
He's got a chair to sit on. ,Ei!\U^)
他有椅子坐。 !iv6k~.e'2
Please turn the sentence into English.
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请把这个句于泽成英语。 QiH>!Ssw
3.S十V十O句式 S:B$c>
在此句式中,V是及物动词(vt.),因此有宾语。例如: Db4(E*/pj!
I saw a film yesterday. MrjgV+P}[
我昨天看了一部电影。 )XCG4-1
Have you read the story? H=lzW_(
你读过这个故事吗? f/xQy}4+~E
They found their home easily. t57MKDn
他们很容易找到他们的家。 \k4tYL5
They built a house last year. |7%has3"
他们去年建了一所房子。 [nc-~T+Mo
They've put up a factory in the village. 6v"WI@b4
他们在村里建了一座工厂。 H 48YX(HI
They have taken good care of the children. K_!R
这些孩子他们照看得很好。 [>$?/DM
You should look after your children well. :$6m
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你应该好好照看你的孩子。 <)$&V*\
4.S十V十O1十O2句式 []lMv
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在此句式中,V是带有双宾语的及物动词。常见的须带双宾语的动词有give,ask,bring,offer,send,pay,lend,show,tell,buy,get;rob,warn等。例如: Mz7qC3Z
He gave me a book/a book to me. *82+GY]
他给我一本书。 5GK> ~2c(
He brought me a pen/a pen to me. z:^(#G{
他带给我一枝钢笔。 n\ 'PNB
He offered me his seat/his seat to me. ~4+ICC
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他把座位让给我。 )%q!XM
注意下边动词改写后介词的变化: iE0x7x P_
Mother bought me a book/a book for me. /IQ$[WR cx
妈妈给我买了一本书。 xX?9e3(
He got me a chair/a chair for me. {
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他给我弄了一把椅子。 5BJn_<
Please do me a favor/a favor for me. 2T?8{yO7
请帮我一下。 z6*r<>Bf+b
He asked me a question/a question of me. 2FN E ;y(
他问我个问题。 uZM%F)
注意,下边动词只有一种说法: C2CR#b=)i
They robbed the old man of his money. "!Qi$ ]
他们抢了老人的钱。 EfB.K}b^
He's warned me of the danger. ( Sjlm^bca
他警告我注意危险。 +B[XTn,Cru
The doctor has cured him of his disease. xS4?M<|L63
医生治好了他的病。 i#NtiZ.t=
We must rid the house of th erats. % *ng *
我们必须赶走屋里的老鼠。 "574%\#4z
They deprived him of his right to speak. n&!q9CR`
他们剥夺了他说话的权利。 Q\W)}
5.S十V十O十C句式 1pK(tm
在此句式中,V是有宾语补足语的及物动词。常带宾语补足语的词有形容词、副词、介词短语、名词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词。 Kum" }ux
常见的可接宾语补足语的动词很多,哪些动词可接哪几种形式作宾补,须根据动词的惯用法而定,不能统而概论。请看下面的例子。 D9 Mst6
They made the girl angry. `z`=!1
他们使这个女孩生气了。 !UR3`Xk
They found her happy that day. j115:f
他们发现那天她很高兴。 R|k:8v{V=
I found him out. 0dIGX |e
我发现他出去了。 Jz4;7/
I saw him in. uaYI3w@^
我见他在家。 )gz]F_
They saw a foot mark in the sand. P1z:L
他们发现沙地上有脚印。 k&M~yb
They named the boy Charlie.
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他们给这个男孩起名为查理。 }+}Cl T
I saw him come in and go out. (/^?$~m"
我见他进来又出去。 z}iz~WZ
They felt the car moving fast. "!&
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他们感到汽车行驶得很快。 @NiLKcL#
I heard the glass broken just now. XZQ-Ig18
我刚才听到玻璃碎了。 8#R%jjr%T
He found the doctor of study closed to him. m;nH
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他发现研究所的大门对他关闭了。 }O+S}Hbwy
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