考博英语语法重点总结 p-i Fe\+
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独立主格、虚拟语气、非谓语动词、主谓一致、倒装 !i t orSl
独立主格特征 "s0,9;
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1. 充当句子的状语。 }[akj8U
2. 有自己的主语，同句子的主语不一致。 @%,~5{Ir
3. 名词（代词，形容词，副词，介词）+ 分词 fn,n 'E]
4. With + 名词 （代词） + 分词 (形容词） D\THe-Vtr
例：a) It being raining, I decided to stay at home. {d.z/Buu
b) Speech having been delivered, discussion started. ,1{qZ(l1
c) he entered the room, with his hands open（holding a rifle). ui>jJ(
真题剖析 uP* kvi:e
(1995) 45 cliffs no longer crumbling, the beaches are 46 of the material which would 47 feed them. Po)U!5Tm
45. A. For B. As C. With D. Because P gA<pfEHE
练习：Do what you need to do to keep the wolf __7__ from the door, the world __8__ your thesis adviser, team leader, or laboratory director. Then use the rest of your time, perhaps at night or on the weekends, to do __9__ you really want to do. ;y,g%uqE
8. A. is B. having C. being D. be )7 & -DI1
虚拟语气 *,z/q6
虚拟语气（2） c0zcR)=mL
1. （should）+动词原形 )Dz]Pv]H'
It +be动词+形容词(-able)(essential, odd, vital, absurd, regrettable, desirable…)+that从句 e8<}{N0,n
It +be动词+名词(pity,shame…)+that从句 1gV?}' jq
It +be动词+过去分词(ordered, begged, voted, moved…)+that从句 Z ;G*wM"
部分名词/动词(表示建议，劝告，决定等) +that从句 D>y5&`
2. It’s (high, about) time that +动词过去式 C$[iduS
would rather +动词过去式 SEM?vQ
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真题剖析 $Y7VA
(1997) … I wouldn’t be truthful if I 47 say that teaching is hard work . … 7K. 75%}
47. A. do B. did C. don’t D. didn’t nod&^%O"
(1993)…The Cairo newspapers the next day carried banner headlines about the student demonstration 52 , and they 53 that the professor be sent home. TBt5Nqks-
53. A. ordered B. pleaded C. decided D. demanded b\0>uU
练习：Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time that we__15__ this message to heart. fx|d"VF[
15. A. took B. would take C. will take D. should take :6(\:
(2003.3) It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even __54__ other facets of life prove disappointing. ?+.mP]d_
(even if other facets of life should prove disappointing.) J>v[5FX+
54.A. shall B.will C.would D.should Z|C,HF+m.
非谓语动词 6m$X7;x}
动名词、分词、不定式。 lC#wh2B6
主动或被动。(doing/done, to do /to be done) d'W2I*Zc<
发生在谓语动词之前还是之后。(doing/ having done /having been done, to do/to have done /to have been) y!1X 3X,V
To在什么情况下作介词，什么情况下作不定式引导词。 b3%x&H<j
真题剖析 ,;t:x|{%
(2000) … In the inner cities of America, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies 60 into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. JxinfWk
60. A. dropped B. to drop C. dropping D.drops }@HgF M"
(2001.3) A heroin addict, for instance, leads a 59 life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working, from maintaining relationships, from developing in human ways. \=WPJm`p
59. A. destructive B. dissatisfied C. damaged D. derivative tF),Sn|*
主谓一致 FXo.f<U
1. 整体及抽象概念作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。 (W
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How you got there doesn’t concern me. ;<0vvP|
Growing vegetables needs constant watering. ^>an4UJ t
2. 表示时间、距离、重量、容量、价值等概念作主语，谓语多用单数。 RVA k u
Eight hundred dollars is enough to live on. KyrZ&E.`
3. 以-s结尾的专有名词（linguistics, economics, measles, diabetes等），谓语通常用单数形式。 (qFZF7(Xa
4. “分数或百分数+主语”，谓语跟主语保持一致。 !AXLoq$SY
Two thirds of the villages are flooded (the area is under water). ;)h?P.]
5. 不定代词(one, each, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something等)作主语，谓语用单数。 s/hgWW$
Everyone knows that you’ve come here. X `_tm3HC
If anybody wants to see me, let them wait till I come back. (--thing 的情况例外) bK6^<,~
6. 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致（as well as, with, along with, together with, as much as, accompanied by, besides, but, except, in addition to, like, more than, no less than, rather than, including等） bXJ(QXHd%
He no less than John is interested in literature. a_! H_J
7. 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致。(or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but, partly…partly等) %JDQ[%3qY
Either my father or my brothers are coming. nam]eW
8. each,every,many a, no …+主语，谓语用单数。 WD\
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Many a student and teacher has been to the Great Wall. wL~A L
真题剖析 33<{1Y[Q6E
(2000) …Mexico City already 52 twenty million people and Calcutta twelve million. According to the World Bank, 53 of Africa’s cities are growing by 10% a year, 54 of urbanization ever recorded. |a03S Zx
53. A. none B. few C. any D. some &ic'!h"
倒装 q`mxN!1[
全部倒装 ~8&->?{
1. “There (Here) +be+主语” Jf4`
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There stand big buildings in this district. 1|8Bv0-b
Here on the desk lies a pile of books. m19\H
2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.) d:iJU Vpr
In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man. \dU.#^ryp
3. 介词短语作状语位于句首
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In the middle of the room stood the naughty boy. ;76+J)
4. 表语位于句首 w t GS"L
Especially remarkable was his flat nose. 5|0/$ SWd*
Not far from here is a famous university. G9-ETj}
5. so,nor, neither, no more 位于句首,代表前文 H.|I|XRG/
She wasn’t angry, and neither was I. !S&/Z p
Peter doesn’t like pop music. No more does his brother. { Zv%DV4_$
6. 分词短语位于句首（分词+be +主语） !X: TieyVu
Gone forever were the days that we depended on foreign oil. ;bG?R0a
部分倒装 f_P H
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1. 疑问句 >Z*b0 j
2. 否定副词(seldom, rarely, scarcely, hardly, little, never, few, not until, not only) 位于句首（作形容词时例外） d)U(XiK'
Never did John speak rudely to his parents. DcFY b|p
3. “only+状语”位于句首 Dq Y"N ]
Only when he comes back can be leave. B &B4 P
4. “hardly…when”, “scarcely…when”, “no sooner…than”, “not only…(but also)” 位于句首 .?CaU
No sooner had he got into the classroom than the class began. HaL'/ V~
5. not,no组成的词组位于句首(in no way, under no circumstances, on no account…) v&G9HiH
By no means should you break the rules. JE{ cZ<NNH
At no time should we give in to difficulties. +JG05h%'
6. 虚拟倒装(had, were, should放到句首) $- ]G6r
7. “形容词/名词/动词+as/though（尽管,虽然）+be动词” 2k=|p@V n~
Small though the room is, it can hold more than twenty people. ^L.I9a#]
Search as they would, they could find nothing in the house. hj"JmF$m
