英语中基本句式 ER<eX4oU
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英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂,但仔细观察不外乎五个基本句式。这五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。换言之,绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的。这五个基本句式如下: XtW_
S十V主谓结构 =HPu{K$
S十V十F主系表结构 ?'+8[OHiF^
S十V十O主谓宾结构 @.o@-3k
S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构 :0dfB&7
S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构 8nu> gA
说明:S=主语;V=谓语;P=表语;O=宾语;O1=间接宾语;O2=直接宾语;C=宾语补足语 ]PVto\B=
五个基本句式详细解释如下: 51/sTx<Z}
1.S十V句式 0Q3 YN(
在此句式中,V是不及物动词,又叫自动词(vi.)。例如: `(T!>QVW+g
He runs quickly. "i''Ui\H
他跑得快。 &fHc"-U}
They listened carefully.
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他们听得很仔细。 +
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He suffered from cold and hunger. (考试大) a(!3Afi
他挨冻受饿。 4]u,x`6C
China belongs to the third world country. nr<.YeJ
中国属于第三世界国家。 x!`KhTu`_A
The gas has given out. .J:;_4x
煤气用完了。 Y`=z.D{
My ink has run out. @|]G0&gn&?
我的钢笔水用完了。 64b<0;~
2.S十V十P句式 mc~`
在此句式中,V是系动词(link v.),常见的系动词有:look,seem,appear,sound,feel,taste,smell,grow,get,fall ill/asleep,stand/sit still,become,turn等。例如: ]
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He is older than he looks. ( w5f(4
他比看上去要老。 $&Ac5Zo%}
He seen interested in the book. PgTDjEo
他似乎对这本书感兴趣。 ofl'G] /$+
The story sounds interesting. W`5a:"Vg
这个故事听起来有趣。 \E~Q1eAJT
The desk feels hard. a6P
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书桌摸起来很硬。 wU.'_SBfB
The cake tastes nice. {Bc#?n
饼尝起来很香。 +{'lZa
The flowers smell sweet and nicc. =J`gGDhGY-
花闻起来香甜。 l-Fmn/V
You have grown taller than before. c'xUJhEL
你长得比以前高了。 G}s;JJax
He has suddenly fallen ill.(examda) ` v>/
他突然病倒了。 4YBf ~Pp
He stood quite still. rAL1TU(vm
他静静地站看。 &bn*p.=G
He becomes a teacher when he grew up. h<GyplG
他长大后当了教师。 Ls lM$
He could never turn traitor to his country. l'W3=,G[?
他永远不会背叛他的祖国。 cxL,]27Bu
注意:有些动词同时也是及物动词,可构成SVO句式,例如: 4 iik5
He looked me up and down. Pu1GCr(
他上下打量我。 4(m/D>6:
He reached his hand to feel the elephant. pb~Ps#"Zg
他伸出手来摸象。 :fl*w""V@
They are tasting the fish. "sdcP8])d
他们在品尝鱼。 3D{82*&
They grow rice in their home town. zUe#Wp[
他们在家乡种水稻。 o]dK^[/*
He's got a chair to sit on. 5dbX%e_OP
他有椅子坐。 MoZU(j
Please turn the sentence into English. ": mCZUt
请把这个句于泽成英语。 Bidqf7v
3.S十V十O句式 c& 9+/JYMo
在此句式中,V是及物动词(vt.),因此有宾语。例如: wa9'2a1?
I saw a film yesterday. y.L|rRe@P
我昨天看了一部电影。 9 |us<k
Have you read the story? >^M!@=/?J
你读过这个故事吗? qpluk!
They found their home easily. A}az
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他们很容易找到他们的家。 3(oZZz
They built a house last year. CD XB&%Sr
他们去年建了一所房子。 l:>qR/|m
They've put up a factory in the village. \c5#\1<
他们在村里建了一座工厂。 Fm-q=3
They have taken good care of the children. >[A65q'
这些孩子他们照看得很好。 5$(b3]
You should look after your children well. @g@fL %
你应该好好照看你的孩子。 %fex
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4.S十V十O1十O2句式 A8A:@-e8A
在此句式中,V是带有双宾语的及物动词。常见的须带双宾语的动词有give,ask,bring,offer,send,pay,lend,show,tell,buy,get;rob,warn等。例如: D}k-2RM2k
He gave me a book/a book to me. C[Y%=\6'0
他给我一本书。 .(gT+5[
He brought me a pen/a pen to me. "(HA9:
他带给我一枝钢笔。 yhJA;&}>
He offered me his seat/his seat to me. V'f&JQA
他把座位让给我。 !#_h2a
注意下边动词改写后介词的变化: [F BCz>
Mother bought me a book/a book for me. S
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妈妈给我买了一本书。 ?-RoqF
He got me a chair/a chair for me. 6B!j(R
他给我弄了一把椅子。 ZmYSi$B
Please do me a favor/a favor for me. +*r**(-Dm
请帮我一下。 5* o\z&*L
He asked me a question/a question of me. FJwZo}<6E
他问我个问题。 \h'E5LO
注意,下边动词只有一种说法: h.}t${1ZC
They robbed the old man of his money.
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他们抢了老人的钱。 "
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He's warned me of the danger. JtrDZ;^@
他警告我注意危险。 &[2Ej|o
The doctor has cured him of his disease. $
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医生治好了他的病。 DS,FVh".|
We must rid the house of th erats. Kt!IyIa;Ht
我们必须赶走屋里的老鼠。 0:B^
They deprived him of his right to speak. tci%=3,)
他们剥夺了他说话的权利。 *3etxnQc
5.S十V十O十C句式 E23 Yk?"
在此句式中,V是有宾语补足语的及物动词。常带宾语补足语的词有形容词、副词、介词短语、名词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词。 5?~[|iPv
常见的可接宾语补足语的动词很多,哪些动词可接哪几种形式作宾补,须根据动词的惯用法而定,不能统而概论。请看下面的例子。 D@4&@>
They made the girl angry. 7)(`
他们使这个女孩生气了。 :?:j$
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They found her happy that day. 1uS>{M
他们发现那天她很高兴。 _AFt
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I found him out. *_).UAP.
我发现他出去了。
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I saw him in. `d|bH;w
我见他在家。 M6hvi(!X2
They saw a foot mark in the sand. va/4q+1GfH
他们发现沙地上有脚印。 wq_oh*"
They named the boy Charlie. g=YiR/O1QN
他们给这个男孩起名为查理。
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I saw him come in and go out. X,Q=n2X?3
我见他进来又出去。 hpz*jyh8
They felt the car moving fast. `7qp\vYL
他们感到汽车行驶得很快。 lKhh=Pc2
I heard the glass broken just now. k-ex<el)#
我刚才听到玻璃碎了。 FvNSu"O~K1
He found the doctor of study closed to him. F/od,w9_
他发现研究所的大门对他关闭了。 -^jLU
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