英语中基本句式 HM@}!6/s
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英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂,但仔细观察不外乎五个基本句式。这五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。换言之,绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的。这五个基本句式如下: M
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S十V主谓结构 Ukx/jNyYv
S十V十F主系表结构 Lk`k>Nn)
S十V十O主谓宾结构 _7=pw5[
S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构 %<wQ
S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构 ,"N3k(g
说明:S=主语;V=谓语;P=表语;O=宾语;O1=间接宾语;O2=直接宾语;C=宾语补足语 v$)@AE
五个基本句式详细解释如下: pY)j0tdd
1.S十V句式 vfJ3idvo*w
在此句式中,V是不及物动词,又叫自动词(vi.)。例如: //X e*0
He runs quickly. 5mna7BCEb
他跑得快。 J-, H6u
They listened carefully. ?GUz?'d
他们听得很仔细。 foFg((tS
He suffered from cold and hunger. (考试大) m~Y'$3w
他挨冻受饿。 ,5eH2W
China belongs to the third world country. x2j/8]'o
中国属于第三世界国家。 *xX(!t'
The gas has given out. +}c|O+6g
煤气用完了。 {?EEIfg
My ink has run out. x{NNx:T1
我的钢笔水用完了。 >/TB_ykb
2.S十V十P句式 #*yM2H"7,;
在此句式中,V是系动词(link v.),常见的系动词有:look,seem,appear,sound,feel,taste,smell,grow,get,fall ill/asleep,stand/sit still,become,turn等。例如: tC2
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He is older than he looks. , @%C8Z
他比看上去要老。 0|+>A?E}E
He seen interested in the book. 2Vz'n@g=
他似乎对这本书感兴趣。 6}VUD
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The story sounds interesting. Z:#.;wA
这个故事听起来有趣。 v}7@CP]nV
The desk feels hard. ]j& FbP)3
书桌摸起来很硬。 KY4d
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The cake tastes nice. r?64!VS;
饼尝起来很香。 -Bo
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The flowers smell sweet and nicc. 3C277nx
花闻起来香甜。 r_4TtP&UW
You have grown taller than before. L7SEswMti
你长得比以前高了。 Q,zC_
He has suddenly fallen ill.(examda) S3R|8?|
他突然病倒了。 :&Qb>PH[
He stood quite still. |.1qy,|!X
他静静地站看。 ^[ET&"
He becomes a teacher when he grew up. ?V#Gx>\
他长大后当了教师。 @q,)fBZq
He could never turn traitor to his country. @(Z( /P;:
他永远不会背叛他的祖国。 bX7EO 8
注意:有些动词同时也是及物动词,可构成SVO句式,例如: s>T`l
He looked me up and down. F
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他上下打量我。 a lrt*V|=
He reached his hand to feel the elephant. %>i@F=O2<
他伸出手来摸象。 ?p(kh^ z
They are tasting the fish. ;vMn/
他们在品尝鱼。 |,3l`o
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They grow rice in their home town. HCJ;&C73&
他们在家乡种水稻。 S0F@#mSQ?
He's got a chair to sit on. d5Qd'
他有椅子坐。 n<E.Em1
Please turn the sentence into English. 9GThyY
请把这个句于泽成英语。 JfkTw~'R
3.S十V十O句式 jA,|JgN|n
在此句式中,V是及物动词(vt.),因此有宾语。例如: i!L;? `F{
I saw a film yesterday. )`<6taKx@n
我昨天看了一部电影。 i (0hvV>'
Have you read the story? Oo
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你读过这个故事吗? bjlkX[{}I
They found their home easily. _e_4Q)z-a
他们很容易找到他们的家。 wk@yTTnb
They built a house last year. SBX|Bcyk*
他们去年建了一所房子。
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They've put up a factory in the village. {EL'd!v7e
他们在村里建了一座工厂。 V/ +Jc(N
They have taken good care of the children. K@
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这些孩子他们照看得很好。 ]%Y\ZIS
You should look after your children well. =5Wp&SM6
你应该好好照看你的孩子。 _W |R;Cz]
4.S十V十O1十O2句式 S*g`d;8gV
在此句式中,V是带有双宾语的及物动词。常见的须带双宾语的动词有give,ask,bring,offer,send,pay,lend,show,tell,buy,get;rob,warn等。例如: x{Sd
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He gave me a book/a book to me. )tD6=Iz^5
他给我一本书。 Ft)
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He brought me a pen/a pen to me. Px#$uU
他带给我一枝钢笔。 GmbIFOT~
He offered me his seat/his seat to me. f^?uY8<
他把座位让给我。 Q&PB]D{
注意下边动词改写后介词的变化: ?q!FG(
Mother bought me a book/a book for me. cOb4c*
妈妈给我买了一本书。 *NlpotW,f
He got me a chair/a chair for me. x'qWM/
他给我弄了一把椅子。 o%`npi1y
Please do me a favor/a favor for me. q{E"pyt36R
请帮我一下。 l E^*t`+
He asked me a question/a question of me. 9afh[3qm
他问我个问题。 q}wj}t#
注意,下边动词只有一种说法: FJT1i@N
They robbed the old man of his money. mM5|K@0|
他们抢了老人的钱。 RqLNp?V%
He's warned me of the danger. .oR3Q/|k]
他警告我注意危险。 6>,#
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The doctor has cured him of his disease. M4?8x
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医生治好了他的病。 DMd ,8W7a
We must rid the house of th erats. 7tgFDLA
我们必须赶走屋里的老鼠。 \zu}\{
They deprived him of his right to speak. `*yAiv>
他们剥夺了他说话的权利。 i
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5.S十V十O十C句式 ZJ(rG((!
在此句式中,V是有宾语补足语的及物动词。常带宾语补足语的词有形容词、副词、介词短语、名词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词。 eN/G i<
常见的可接宾语补足语的动词很多,哪些动词可接哪几种形式作宾补,须根据动词的惯用法而定,不能统而概论。请看下面的例子。 ~HmxEk9
They made the girl angry. PLdn#S}.
他们使这个女孩生气了。 vZkXt!%)
They found her happy that day. mp\%M
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他们发现那天她很高兴。 r,xmEj0E
I found him out. `,Orf ZMb
我发现他出去了。 ZL_[4Y
I saw him in. QCpM|,drS
我见他在家。 1R*=.i%W
They saw a foot mark in the sand. JsQ6l%9
他们发现沙地上有脚印。 "&QH6B1U6H
They named the boy Charlie. :a3xvN-l
他们给这个男孩起名为查理。 P`"mM?
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I saw him come in and go out. s@!$='|
我见他进来又出去。 uLV BM]Qj
They felt the car moving fast. (Uk,
他们感到汽车行驶得很快。 lS9n@
I heard the glass broken just now. WY>Knp=
我刚才听到玻璃碎了。 p2d\ZgWD=)
He found the doctor of study closed to him. Ty+I8e]{
他发现研究所的大门对他关闭了。 $
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