转贴:考博英语写作模板 p0U4#dD6
ys`"-o[*
1. 开头万能公式一:名人名言 ;WxE0Q:!~
有人问了,“我没有记住名言,怎么办?尤其是英语名言?”,很好办:编!原理:我们看到的东西很多都是创造出来的,包括我们欣赏的文章也是,所以尽管编,但是一定要听起来很有道理呦!而且没准将来我们就是名人呢!对吧? s{\USD6
经典句型: Q^}6GS$
A proberb says, “ You are only young once.” (适用于已记住的名言) qT7E"|.$
It goes without saying that we cannot be young forever. (适用于自编名言) T|RW-i3
更多经典句型: ?.Z4GWyXa
As everyone knows, No one can deny that… :!
H]gC
4
}{/3yXk[G
2. 开头万能公式二:数字统计 8L]em&871
原理:要想更有说服力,就应该用实际的数字来说明。原则上在议论文当中十不应该出现虚假数字的,可是在考试的时候哪管那三七二十一,但编无妨,只要我有东西写就万事大吉了。所以不妨试用下面的句型: s @\UZC
According to a recent survey, about 78.9% of the college Sxo9y0K8-
students wanted to further their study after their graduation. r/E'#5 Q
看起来这个数字文邹邹的,其实都是编造出来的,下面随便几个题目我们都可以这样编造: /sVy"48-
Honesty d/oxRzk'L
根据最近的一项统计调查显示,大学生向老师请假的理由当中78%都是假的。 S- @
E
Travel by Bike fy&vo~4i;
根据最近的一项统计调查显示,85%的人在近距离旅行的时候首选的交通工具是自行车。 P(B:tg
Youth 92zo+bc
根据最近的一项统计调查显示,在某个大学,学生的课余时间的70%都是在休闲娱乐。 h
^QicvZ
Five-day Work Week Better than Six-day Work? VE3,k'^v
根据最近的一项统计调查显示,98%的人同意每周五天工作日。 )"SP >2}
更多句型: o ;nw;]oR
A recent statistics shows that … .[YM0dt
M;s r1C
结尾万能公式: 8JYF0r7
1. 结尾万能公式一:如此结论 yKSvg5lLy
说完了,毕竟要归纳一番,相信各位都有这样的经历,领导长篇大论,到最后终于冒出个“总而言之”之类的话,我们马上停止开小差,等待领导说结束语。也就是说,开头很好,也必然要有一个精彩的结尾,让读者眼前一亮,这样,你就可以拿高分了!比如下面的例子: L O)&|9xw
Obviously(此为过渡短语), we can draw the conclusion that good Y [8~M8QX
manners arise from politeness and respect for others. #bk[Zj&
如果读者很难“显而见之”,但说无妨,就当读者的眼光太浅罢了! g?Jx99c;
更多过渡短语: HHd;<% q
to sum up, in conclusion, in brief, on account of this, thus @nIoYT='
更多句型: liu%K9-r
Thus, it can be concluded that…, Therefore, we can find that… B5FRe'UC
)qxZHV
2. 结尾万能公式二:如此建议 f;";P
如果说“如此结论”是结尾最没用的废话,那么“如此建议”应该是最有价值的废话了,因为这里虽然也是废话,但是却用了一个很经典的虚拟语气的句型。拽! osB8
'\GR
Obviously, it is high time that we took some measures to solve p%MH**A
the problem. 7Q_AZR4
这里的虚拟语气用得很经典,因为考官本来经常考这个句型,而如果我们自己写出来,你说考官会怎么想呢? kY e3A&J
更多句型: h?UUd\RU)
Accordingly, I recommend that some measures be taken. 3RSiu}
Consequently, to solve the problem, some measures should be Z+# =]Kw)
taken. _T[7N|'O
写作的“七项基本原则”:一、 长 短 句原则 工作还得一张一驰呢,老让读者读长句,累死人!写一个短小精辟的句子,相反,却可以起到画龙点睛的作用。而且如果我们把短句放在段首或者段末,也可以揭示主题: s+9q`k^
As a creature, I eat; as a man, I read. Although one action is bU3e*Er
to meet the primary need of my body and the other is to ~96fyk|
satisfy the intellectual need of mind, they are in a way quite }a=<Gl|I;w
similar. M}jF-z
如此可见,长短句结合,抑扬顿挫,岂不爽哉?牢记! +@n8DM{b
强烈建议:在文章第一段(开头)用一长一短,且先长后短;在文章主体部分,要先用一个短句解释主要意思,然后在阐述几个要点的时候采用先短后长的句群形式,定会让主体部分妙笔生辉!文章结尾一般用一长一短就可以了。二、 主 题 句原则 fgzkc"ReK
国有其君,家有其主,文章也要有其主。否则会给人造成“群龙无首”之感!相信各位读过一些破烂文学,故意把主体隐藏在文章之内,结果造成我们稀里糊涂!不知所云!所以奉劝各位一定要写一个主题句,放在文章的开头(保险型)或者结尾,让读者一目了然,必会平安无事! H83Gx;
特别提示:隐藏主体句可是要冒险的! W Z!?O0.A
To begin with, you must work hard at your lessons and be fully G{wIY" ~4
prepared before the exam(主题句). Without sufficient preparation, dCbRlW
you can hardly expect to answer all the questions correctly.三、 ^T^l3B[
{xW HKsI>,
三、一 二 三原则 ]VuB2L[D
领导讲话总是第一部分、第一点、第二点、第三点、第二部分、第一点… HNFG:t9
如此罗嗦。可毕竟还是条理清楚。考官们看文章也必然要通过这些关键性的“标签”来判定你的文章是否结构清楚,条理自然。破解方法很简单,只要把下面任何一组的词汇加入到你的几个要点前就清楚了。 6a_MA*XK
1)first, second, third, last(不推荐,原因:俗) }8joltf
2)firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally(不推荐,原因:俗) ](^$5Am
3)the first, the second, the third, the last(不推荐,原因:俗) Nft~UggK
4)in the first place, in the second place, in the third place, J(0E'o{ug
lastly(不推荐,原因:俗) @y"/hh_?
5)to begin with, then, furthermore, finally(强烈推荐) H<Ne\zAv
6)to start with, next, in addition, finally(强烈推荐) pJnT \~o
7)first and foremost, besides, last but not least(强烈推荐) 6"OwrJB
8)most important of all, moreover, finally m'j]T/WF
9)on the one hand, on the other hand(适用于两点的情况) O)2==_f\
10)for one thing, for another thing(适用于两点的情况) xOKLc!J
建议:不仅仅在写作中注意,平时说话的时候也应该条理清楚! L6>;"]:f`
_m?TEqB
四、 短语优先原则 ~g#$'dS
写作时,尤其是在考试时,如果使用短语,有两个好处:其一、用短语会使文章增加亮点,如果老师们看到你的文章太简单,看不到一个自己不认识的短语,必然会看你低一等。相反,如果发现亮点—精彩的短语,那么你的文章定会得高分了。其二、关键时刻思维短路,只有凑字数,怎么办?用短语是一个办法!比如: RWX?
B
I cannot bear it. %ZKP d8
可以用短语表达:I cannot put up with it. >ocDh~@aP
I want it. %z9lCTmy
可以用短语表达:I am looking forward to it. e$vvm bK.
这样字数明显增加,表达也更准确。 KxA^?,t[
B_kjy=]O.
五、 多实少虚原则 /s/\5-U7q
原因很简单,写文章还是应该写一些实际的东西,不要空话连篇。这就要求一定要多用实词,少用虚词。我这里所说的虚词就是指那些比较大的词。比如我们说一个很好的时候,不应该之说nice这样空洞的词,应该使用一些诸如generous, humorous, interesting, smart, gentle, warm-hearted, hospital 之类的形象词。再比如: 6d# 7
走出房间,general的词是:walk out of the room .kl.awT
但是小偷走出房间应该说:slip out of the room uV|%idC
*****走出房间应该说:sail out of the room -;1nv:7Z3
小孩走出房间应该说:dance out of the room 4qYT
老人走出房间应该说:stagger out of the room Q>%{Dn\?
所以多用实词,少用虚词,文章将会大放异彩! $2kZM4
~;QzV?%
六、 多变句式原则 U!TSAg21P
1)加法(串联) [(O
*W
都希望写下很长的句子,像个老外似的,可就是怕写错,怎么办,最保险的写长句的方法就是这些,可以在任何句子之间加and, 但最好是前后的句子又先后关系或者并列关系。比如说:
'gaa@ !bg
I enjor music and he is fond of playing guitar. ]di^H>,xU
如果是二者并列的,我们可以用一个超级句式: LQo>wl
Not only the fur coat is soft, but it is also warm. _u]S/X-
其它的短语可以用: 4nz$Ja)
besides, furthermore, likewise, moreover yGs:3KI
2)转折(拐弯抹角) E*W|>2nx]
批评某人缺点的时候,我们总习惯先拐弯抹角说说他的优点,然后转入正题,再说缺点,这种方式虽然阴险了点,可毕竟还比较容易让人接受。所以呢,我们说话的时候,只要在要点之前先来点废话,注意二者之间用个专这次就够了。 e.>>
al
The car was quite old, yet it was in excellent condition. wBJP8wES=
The coat was thin, but it was warm. w vnuE<o8
更多的短语: 9*ek5vPB
despite that, still, however, nevertheless, in spite of, hgU#2`fS
despite, notwithstanding xULcS :Q
3)因果(so, so, so) C]f`
昨天在街上我看到了一个女孩,然后我主动搭讪,然后我们去咖啡厅,然后我们认识了,然后我们成为了朋友…可见,讲故事的时候我们总要追求先后顺序,先什么,后什么,所以然后这个词就变得很常见了。其实这个词表示的是先后或因果关系! oScKL#Hu
The snow began to fall, so we went home. FWb`F&
更多短语: +
2j]
then, therefore, consequently, accordingly, hence, as a x9qoS)@CM
result, for this reason, so that D:I6nSoC
4)失衡句(头重脚轻,或者头轻脚重) ([Da*Tk*
有些人脑袋大,身体小,或者有些人脑袋小,身体大,虽然我们不希望长成这个样子,可如果真的是这样了,也就必然会吸引别人的注意力。文章中如果出现这样的句子,就更会让考官看到你的句子与众不同。其实就是主语从句,表语从句,宾语从句的变形。 IV]2#;OO?
举例:This is what I can do. b'mp$lt!
Whether he can go with us or not is not sure.
VM"z6@
同样主语、宾语、表语可以改成如下的复杂成分: ;#+Se,)
When to go, Why he goes away… :L&d>Ii|'
5)附加(多此一举) .8~zgpK
如果有了老婆,总会遇到这样的情况,当你再讲某个人的时候,她会插一句说,我昨天见过他;或者说,就是某某某,如果把老婆的话插入到我们的话里面,那就是定语从句和同位语从句或者是插入语。 ^1jZwP;5eW
The man whom you met yesterday is a friend of mine. YYi:d=0<SO
I don’t enjoy that book you are reading. cpJ(77e
Mr liu, our oral English teacher, is easy-going. --'!5)U
其实很简单,同位语--要解释的东西删除后不影响整个句子的构成;定语从句—借用之前的关键词并且用其重新组成一个句子插入其中,但是whom wx*)7Y*
or that 关键词必须要紧跟在先行词之前。 O~L/>Ya
6)排比(排山倒海句) V.H<KyaJ
文学作品中最吸引人的地方莫过于此,如果非要让你的文章更加精彩的话,那么我希望你引用一个个的排比句,一个个得对偶句,一个个的不定式,一个个地词,一个个的短语,如此表达将会使文章有排山倒海之势! [KT1.5M[
Whether your tastes are modern or traditional, sophisticated \66j4?H#
or simple, there is plenty in London for you. )m4O7'2G
Nowadays, energy can be obtained through various sources such :,*{,^2q:
as oil, coal, natural gas, solar heat, the wind and ocean Xx;4
tides. zSM;N^X 8?
We have got to study hard, to enlarge our scope of knowledge, 0f]LOg
to realize our potentials and to pay for our life. (气势恢宏) 7$/%c{o
要想写出如此气势恢宏的句子非用排比不可!七) 挑战极限原则 q7-.-k<dQ
既然十挑战极限,必然是比较难的,但是并非不可攀! <R
Py
原理:在学生的文章中,很少发现诸如独立主格的句子,其实也很简单,只要花上5分钟的时间看看就可以领会,它就是分词的一种特殊形式,分词要求主语一致,而独立主格则不然。比如: jn/
J-X=
The weather being fine, a large number of people went to climb _5l3e7YN
the Western Hills. l
;'#!hC)
Africa is the second largest continent, its size being about cN]]J
three times that of China. 7Ew.6!s#n1
如果您可一些出这样的句子,不得高分才怪! g XThdNU4G
文章主体段落三大杀手锏:一、举实例 思维短路,举实例!提出一个观点,举实例!提出一个方案,举实例!而且者也是我们揭示一个观点最好的方式,任何情况下,只要我们无法继续文章,不管三七二十一,尽管举例子! \Tii
S
In order to attract more customers, advertisers have adopted 8/16<yZ
every possible stimulative factor in making ads, such as wEp*j+Mmce
sound, light, colours, cartoon films and human performance. NIasce
e
For instance, to advertise a certain food, advertisers will JRT,%;*,
ask an actor or actress to sit at a table and devour the !?%'Fy6t
seemingly delicious food while they fime him or her. xM6v0U a
更多句型: e_{!8u.+
To take … as an example, One example is…, Another example is…, y5AJ1A6?E
for example二、做比较 ,O[Maj/ch
方法:写完一个要点,比较与之相似的;又写完一个要点,再比较与之相反的; X8Ld\vZYn
世界上没有同样的指纹,没有相同的树叶,文章亦同,只有通过比较,你才会发现二者的相同点(through .xIu
comparison)和不同点(through contrast)。下面是一些短语: b}OOG
相似的比较: yk<$XNc
in comparison, likewise, similarly, in the same manner !o k6*m
相反的比较: 1G6MO
on the other hand, conversely, whereas, while, instead, 7:>VH>?D
nevertheless, in contrast, on the contrary, compared with …,三、换言之 EDkxRfY2/
没话说了,可以换一句话再说,让你的文章在多一些字,或者文邹邹地说,是让读者更充分的理解你的观点。实际就是重复重复再重复!下面的句子实际上就三个字 I love you! 'z}Hg
*
I am enthusiastic about you. That is to say, I love you. \h&ui]V
I am wild about you. In other words, I have fallen in love :?}U Z#
with you. W18I"lHeh
或者上面我们举过的例子: ZX
Sl+k.
I cannot bear it. 4\6-sL?rW
可以用短语表达:I cannot put up with it. xn)eb#r
因此可以这样说:I cannot bear it. That is to say, I cannot put up with s?2
DLXv}!
it or I am fed up with it. e~wJO~
更多短语: s, 8a1o
in more difficult language, in simpler words, put it more s.)nS$
simply {#c**' 4