南开大学考博英语部分真题解析 9W5lSX
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Ⅰ LISTENING TEST (20 points) s ll\g
(略) 客观题部分 ?l{nk5,?-Y
请用铅笔将此部分的答案填涂在答题卡上,否则无效! ~ .g@hS8>
Ⅱ Vocabulary (10 points) `U_)98
Part A (5 points) F)QDJE0
Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences, there are q3!bky\
four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes JH9J5%sp
the sentence and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar 0s[Hkhls
across the square bracket on ANSWER SHEET Ⅰ. Example: gr2U6gi
She prefers foreign wine to that produced ________. q]-r@yF
A. previously B. virtually C. primarily D. domestically wn%A4-
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The sentence should read, “She prefers foreign wine to that $6 f3F?y7
produced domestically.” {!L~@r
Therefore, you should choose D. Sample Answer [A][B][C][D] _B<X`L
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1. International sport should create goodwill between the nations, n_A3#d<9
but in the present organization of the Olympics somehow encourages H1./x6Hr
________patriotism. 8nV+e~-w
A. obsolete B. aggressive C. harmonious D. amiable XRi8Gpg
2. One can understand others much better by noting the immediate NX
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and fleeting reactions of their eyes and ________ to expressed ^09,"<@k
thoughts. <bWG!ZG
(PS:The way to contact yumingkaobo TEL:si ling ling-liu liu ba-liu jiu qi ba QQ: 772678537) WOap+
A. dilemmas B. countenances C. concessions D. junctions #*Ctwl,T
3. People innately ________ for superiority over their peers wmLs/:~
although it sometimes takes the form of an exaggerated lust for power. } q8ASYNc
A. strive B. ascertain C. justify D. adhere B]tQ(s~
4. Some scientists have suggested that Earth is a kind of zoo or {P_.~0pc*
wildlife ________ for intelligent space beings, like the wilderness .ioEIs g
areas we have set up on earth to allow animals to develop naturally \4fQMG
while we observe them. a:w#s}bL
A. conservation B. maintenance C. storage D. reserve Avb\{)s+
5. According to the latest report, consumer confidence ________
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a breathtaking 15 points last month, to its lowest level in 9 years. ;4\;mmLVk
A. soared B. mutated C. plummeted D. fluctuated P&Vv/D
6. Melissa is a computer ________ that destroyed files in 8":Q)9;%
computers and frustrated thousands of users around the world. A. J|7 3.&B
genius B. virus C. disease D. bacteria M_DwUS1?
7. The ________ emphasis on examinations is by far the worst form V'gh6`v
of competition in schools. r~['VhI!;E
A. negligent B. edible C. fabulous D. disproportionate 8. The S_H+WfIHV'
boy seemed more ________ to their poverty after seeing how his pQB."[n
grandparents lived. xAm6BB
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A. reconciled B. consolidated C. deteriorated D. attributed Q7CsJzk~)
9. During his two-month stay in China, Tom never ________ a chance %W S+(0*1
to practice his Chinese. d<Tc7vg4|U
A. passed on B. passed up C. passed by D. passed out OY({.uV dX
10. When a person dies, his debts must be paid before his ________ F
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can be distributed. ,/unhfs1q
A. paradoxes B. legacies C. platitudes D. analogies ],].zlN
Part B (5 points ) -UT}/:a
Directions: In each of the following sentences there is one word c:.eGH_f
or phrase underlined. Below the sentence are four choices marked A, }<:}XlwT%
B, C, and D. Choose the one that is closest in meaning to the underlined QS`]
part. Mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the m#p'iU*va,
square bracket on ANSWER SHEET Ⅰ. P!k{u^$L
Example: The secretary is very competent; she can finish all kG*~|ma
these letters within one hour. jc9y<{~x/
A. careful B. industrious C. clever D. capable Gs[XJ 5%`~
In this sentence, “competent” is closest in meaning to Kc(FX%3LU
“capable”. Therefore you should choose D. Sample Answer ~Cjn7
[A][B][C][D] 4KrL{Z+}
11. He claims that advertising today tends to portray women in T[A69O]v
traditional roles such as cooking or taking care of the baby. WX0tgXl
A. depict B. advocate C. criticize D. analyze >o,TZc\
12. They achieved more than they had ever dreamed, lending a magic #LOwGJ$yVz
to their family story that no tale or ordinary life could possibly cN9t{.m
rival. H>@+om
A. confirm B. achieve C. match D. exaggerate _J [P[(ab
13. The most urgent thing is to find a dump for those toxic hR|MEn6KC
industrial wastes. A. imminent B. recyclable C. smelly D. poisonous Sa5G.^XI
14. British Prime Minister Tony Blair promised the electorate $,'*f?d
that guns would not be fired without an attempt to win a further U.N. N}YkMJy
sanction. FC"8#*x
A. allies B. delegates C. voters D. juries N17RLz *\
15. The analysis suggests that the tradeoff between our dC4'{n|7
children's college and our own retirement security is chilling. tklH@'q
A. frightening B. promising C. freezing D. revealing xn|(9#1o
16. Their signing of the treaty was regarded as a conspiracy pY$Q
against the British Crown. 76` .Y
A. secret plan B. bold attack C. clever design D. joint effort 5
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17. Evidence, reference, and footnotes by the thousand testify o%*xvH*A
to a scrupulous researcher who does considerable justice to a full 9]@!S|1
range of different theoretical and political positions. 1g~R/*Jo
A. trustworthy B. intelligent C. diligent D. meticulous ^y4Z+Gu[
18. Despite their spartan, isolated lifestyle, there are no .XhrCiZ
stories of women being raped orwanton violence against civilians in FNId
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the region. o
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A. intriguing B. exasperating C. demonstrative D. unprovoked e<q?e}>?
19. The gang derived their nickname from their dark clothing and EAby?51+
blacked up faces for nocturnalraids in the forest. _t}WsEQ+P
A. illegal B. night-time C. brutal D. abusive ,wdD8ZT'Ip
20. Though sometimes too lazy to work as hard as her sisters, Linda ##4HYQ%E
has a more avidfondness for the limelight. {T ~#?v
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A. mercurial B. gallant C. ardent D. frugal k+l b@!
Ⅲ Cloze (10 points ) :S(ZzY
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Directions: Read the following passage. Choose the best word for ?#Q #u|~
each numbered blank and mark the corresponding letter with a single *siFj
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bar across the square bracket on Answer Sheet I. iMRwp+$
Like many other aspects of the computer age, Yahoo began as an qA5r
idea, __21__ into a hobby and lately has __22__ into a full-time i<g-+ Qs
passion. The two developers of Yahoo, David Filo and Jerry Yang, Ph. 1]/.` ]1
D candidates __23__ Electrical Engineering at Stanford University, @2v_pJy^
started their guide in April 1994 as a way to keep __24__ of their IRqy%@)
personal interest on the Internet. Before long they __25__ that their iM3V=&)
homebrewed lists were becoming too long and __26__. Gradually they `,*5wBC
began to spend more and more time on Yahoo. liz~7RY4
During 1994, they __27__ yahoo into a customized database 0NX,QD
designed to __28__ the needs of the thousands of users __29__ began 0% I=d
to use the service through the closely __30__ Internet community. They ,UdVNA
developed customized software to help them __31__ locate, identify Y% 5eZ=z
and edit material __32__ on the Internet. The name Yahoo is __33__ q?/a~a
to stand for “Yet Another Hierarchical Officious Orale”, but Filo OY@ %p}l
and Yang insist they selected the __34__ because they considered cq4Ipe
themselves yahoos. Yahoo itself first __35__ on Yang's workstation,
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“akebono”, while the search engine was __36__ on Filo's computer, C'}KTXiRW
“Konishiki”. ."y1_dDql
In early 1995 Marc Andersen, co-founder of Netscape Communication Rr|VD@%
in Mountain View, California, invited Filo and Yang to move their I`4*+a'q&
files __37__ to larger computers __38__ at Netscape. As a result e'b(gD}
Stanford's computer network returned to __39__, and both parties \6*I'|5d
benefited. Today, Yahoo __40__ organized information on tens of x5 *!Wx
thousands of computers linked to the web. ^eYVWQ'
21. A. became B. grew C. turn D. intend ]f9Cx\d:k
22. A. made B. saw C. looked D. turned
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23. A. in B. on C. about D. for
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24. A. touch B. contact C. track D. record Aj+F
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25. A. founded B. found C. argued D. reported 7g}w+p>
26. A. unwieldy B. tough C. tamable D. invaluable E\pL!c
27. A. exchanged B. shank C. sold D. converted QbpFE)TYJ|
28. A. explain B. serve C. discover D. evaluate 9\JF`ff_
29. A. which B. that C. actually D. eagerly $,Yd>%Y
30. A. relative B. interactive C. bound D. contacted <1\Nb{5
31. A. fluently B. efficiently C. exactly D. actually hv_XP,1K
32. A. transmitted B. purchased C. sold D. stored +@iA;
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33. A. about B. bound C. going D. supposed
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34. A. fable B. model C. name D. brand v^iL5y!
35. A. supported B. resided C. lived D. launched rFYWs6
36. A. connected B. lodged C. introduced D. linked "y/?WQ>,3
37. A. over B. away C. inside D. beneath Jcm&RI"{
38. A. housed B. caught C. hosed D. hidden gi
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39. A. average B. normal C. ordinary D. equal :^3LvPM
40. A. attains B. detains C. maintains D. contains i3'9>"`
Ⅳ Reading Comprehension (20 points) k%QpegN
Directions: Read the following passages, decide on the best one VrQmP
of the choices marked A, B, C, and D for each question or unfinished :I^;jdL
statement and then mark the corresponding letter with a single +@k+2?]
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baracross the square bracket on the ANSWER SHEET I. b-Q>({=i
Passage 1 K':;%~I
Guthrie's contiguity principle offers practical suggestions for +8d1|
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how to break habits. 6?~"V
One application of the threshold method involves the time young Y+u_IJ
children spend on academic activities. Young children have short 9b"=9y,
attention spans, so the length of time they can sustain work on one MC:@U~}6
activity is limited. Most activities are scheduled to last no longer ^qQZT]
than 30 to 40 minutes. However, at the start of the school year, \k!{uRy'
attention spans quickly wane and behavior problems often result. To %Ax3;g#
apply Guthrie's theory, a teacher might, at the start of the year, ^pF&`2eD
limit activities to 15 to 20 minutes. Over the next few weeks the n'kG] Q
teacher could gradually increase the time students spend working on
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a single activity. 64G[|" j D
The threshold method also can be applied to teaching printing and eMY<uqdw
handwriting. When children first learn to form letters, their l@+7:n4K0
movements are awkward and they lack fine motor coordination. The ]<rkxgMW>
distances between lines on a page are purposely wide so children can m\r@@!
fit the letters into the space. If paper with narrow lines is initially T)TfB(
introduced, students' etters would spill over the borders and ?6un4EVL{
students might become frustrated. Once students can form letters yvHA7eq*"
within the larger bordens, they can use paper with smaller borders ,\
to help them refine their skills. RcM
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The fatigue method can be applied when disciplining disruptive iwp{%FF
students who build paper airplanes and sail them across the room. The 4NzwE(
teacher can remove the students from the classroom, give them a large *4+"Lh.KS
stack of paper, and tell him to start making paper airplanes. After Xr$J9*Jk-
the students have made several airplanes, the activity should lose -vR5BMy=
its attraction and paper will become a cue for not building airplanes. ]#l/2V1
Some students continually race around the gym when they first
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enter their physical education class. To employ the fatigue method, JedmaY06=
the teacher might decide to have these students continue to run a few ?:8ido#-
more laps after the class has begun. Avd
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The incompatible response method can be used with students who ,PuL{%PXu
talk and misbehave in the media center. Reading is incompatible with )ufg
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talking. The media center teacher might ask the students to find !GLz)#SBl
interesting books and read them while in the center. Assuming that (k) l=]`}
the students find the books enjoyable, the media center will, over Ov4y%Pj
time, become a cue for selecting and reading books rather than for %Yicg6:
talking with other students. t.&Od;\[/
In a social studies class some students regularly fall asleep. BuWHX>H
The teacher realized that using the board and overhead projector while 9S7kUl{
lecturing was very boring. Soon the teacher began to incorporate other cU@SIJ)
elements into each lesson, such as experiments, and debates, in an "B4;,+4kR
attempt to involve students and raise their interest in the course. 'EF9Zt8
41. The purpose of this passage is to ________. lB4GU y$
A. inform B. persuade C. debate D. narrate Nq` C.&
42. Guthrie identified three methods for ________. Nz+949X
A. educating students B. altering bad habits 8lb%eb]
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C. avoiding undesired action D. forming good hobbies ang~<
43. Which of the following is not the example of applying the #H{<gjs]
threshold method? 2H6,'JK@F
A. Parents introduce spinach in small bites or mixed with a food jbu8~\"
that the child enjoys over time so that the child will not refuse to jm0- y%
eat it. '0uhD.|G
B. Teachers introduce academic content in short blocks of time `V"sOTb
for young children and gradually increase session length but not to ("+}=*?OF3
where students become frustrated or bored. W4e5Rb4~f"
C. Paper with wider lines is first used and then paper with narrow iz?tu: \v&
lines is introduced step by step to help children learn printing and Eu-RNrYh#
handwriting. &f^l^K5:
D. A child might be made to throw toys until it is no longer fun r'uGWW"w
by his parents in order to change his behavior of repeatedly throwing 92d6U2T4&
toys. k^%B5
44. To stop snacking while watching television, people should ~r$jza~o(
keep their hands busy by sewing, painting, working crossword puzzles, @`Eg
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and so forth. Over time, watching TV becomes a cue for engaging in E3l> 3
an activity other than snacking. What method is used in this example? 0=q;@OIf
A. The threshold method. B. The fatigue method. RE=+Dz{
C. The incompatible response method. D. The punishment method. E%v?t1>/
45. We can draw the conclusion from the passage that ________. 4e;yG>
A. The incompatible response method is to force child to make f<*Js)k
unwanted response repeatedly in presence of stimulus until he or she s^|.Zr;,>
becomes exhausted nF4a-H&Fo
B. The threshold method refers to introducing undesired behavior +sx 8t
with a response incompatible with the undesired response so they L%$|^T=%
cannot be performed simultaneously UH>F|3"d
C. The fatigue method means that engaging in the behavior is PN<C=gAe
transformed into avoiding it by introducing the stimulus at full Ppt2A6W
strength so it becomes a cue for not performing it >'xGp7}y
D. The fatigue method is that in presence of stimulus teachers ^1x*lLf
have child make response incompatible with unwanted response nG,U>)
Passage 2 3ZZV<SS
The increase in global trade means that international companies %#Z/2<_
cannot afford to make costly advertising mistakes if they want to be ]I.n\2R]om
competitive. kR@Yl Yo
Understanding the language and culture of target markets in o/
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foreign countries is one of the keys to successful international K+)%KP
marketing. Too many companies, however, have jumped into foreign ?D)<,
markets with embarrassing results. #:|+XLL
Translation mistakes are at the heart of many blunders in 9W>Y#V~|v!
international advertising. u!U"N*Y"
General Motors, the US auto manufacturer, got a costly lesson when {[t`j
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it introduced its Chevrolet Nova to the Puerto Rican market. “Nova” nL}5cPI
is Latin for “new(star)” and means “star” in many languages, but c$,_>tcP
in spoken Spanish it can sound like “nova”, meaning “it doesn't LrV{j?2@
go”. Few people wanted to buy a car with that cursed meaning. When 9
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GM changed the name to Caribe, sales “picked up” dramatically. $hVYTy~}
Marketing blunders have also been made by food and beverage NLe}Jqp
companies. One American food company's friendly “Jolly Green Giant” >x@P|\
(for advertising vegetables) became something quite different when L]
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it was translated into Arabic as “Intimidating Green Ogre”. LFp]7Dq
When translated into German, Pepsi's popular slogan, “Come Alive \#x}q'BC4
with Pepsi” came out implying “Come Alive from the Grave”. No 'QH1=$Su
wonder customers in Germany didn't rush out to buy Pepsi.
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Successful international marketing doesn't stop with good ZRUhAp'<qj
translations—other aspects of culture must be researched and x2#qg>`l
understood if marketers are to avoid blunders. 2~p[7?sp'
When marketers do not understand and appreciate the values, -(JU
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tastes, geography, climate, superstitions, religion, or economy of '69ZdP/xX
a culture, they fail to capture their target market. !sA_?2$
For example, an American designer tried to introduce a new perfume X7|.T0{=x
into the Latin American market but the product aroused little interest.
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The main reason was that the camellia used in it was traditionally E}Xka1 Bn
used for funerals in many South American countries. r\9TMg`C
Having awakened to the special nature of foreign advertising, ? {F{;r
companies are becoming much more conscientious in their translations w,j cm;
and more sensitive to cultural distinctions. iY/KSX^~O
The best way to prevent errors is to hire professional translators } i)$n(A)K
who understand the target language and its idiomatic usage, or to use dj[apuiF
a technique called “back translation” to reduce the possibility of E)t
blunders. M`,XyIn
The process used one person to translate a message into the target
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language and another to translate it back. Effective translators aim .Nx
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to capture the overall message of an advertisement because a H.J5i~s
word-for-word duplication of the original rarely conveys the intended =ziy`#fm,
meaning and often causes misunderstandings. 9 K
In designing advertisements for other countries, messages need +ydm,aKk
to be short and simple. kJ: 2;t=
They should also avoid jokes, since what is considered funny in 26:evid
one part of the world may not be so humorous in another. O'}llo
46. The best title of this passage might be ______. N^elVu4 K
A. Culture Is Very Important in Advertising ,R-Y~+!
B. Avoid Cultural Misunderstanding between Nations +~|AT+|iI
C. Overcome Cultural Sock in Different Countries RyRqH:p)3
D. Advertisements Reflect Various Life Styles LnMwx#^*
47. What does the word “blunder” mean in this passage? _Nu`)m
A. hesitation B. mistake C. stutter D. default G79C {|c\
48. Which of the following statements can be used to summarize j=.g:&r)
the gist from Paragraph 3 to Paragraph 6? !J.rM5K
A. Cultural shocks B. Faulty translations
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C. Avoid cultural oversights D. Prevent blunders o*7y ax
49. We can learn from the context in Paragraph 9 that the word +6%7CC 6
“camellia” most probably mean ______. T~Y g5J
A. an animal used in perfume for its smell .{N\<