ÏÖ´ú·Ö×ÓÉúÎïѧ±Ê¼Ç£¨ÖìÓñÏͰ棩 @d[)i,d:G
µÚÒ»½² ÐòÂÛ D4+OWbf6
Lb2/ Te*
¶þ¡¢ÏÖ´ú·Ö×ÓÉúÎïѧÖеÄÖ÷ÒªÀï³Ì±® }GGH:v
·Ö×ÓÉúÎïѧÊÇÑо¿ºËËá¡¢µ°°×ÖʵÈËùÓÐÉúÎï´ó·Ö×ÓµÄÐÎ̬¡¢½á¹¹ÌØÕ÷¼°ÆäÖØÒªÐÔ¡¢¹æÂÉÐÔºÍÏ໥¹ØϵµÄ¿Æѧ£¬ÊÇÈËÀà´Ó·Ö×ÓˮƽÉÏÕæÕý½Ò¿ªÉúÎïÊÀ½çµÄ°ÂÃØ£¬Óɱ»¶¯µØÊÊÓ¦×ÔÈ»½çתÏòÖ÷¶¯µØ¸ÄÔìºÍÖØ×é×ÔÈ»½çµÄ»ù´¡Ñ§¿Æ¡£µ±ÈËÃÇÒâʶµ½Í¬Ò»ÉúÎﲻͬÊÀ´úÖ®¼äµÄÁ¬ÐøÐÔÊÇÓÉÉúÎïÌå×ÔÉíËùЯ´øµÄÒÅ´«ÎïÖÊËù¾ö¶¨µÄ£¬¿Æѧ¼ÒΪ½ÒʾÕâЩÒÅ´«ÃÜÂëËù½øÐеÄŬÁ¦¾Í³ÉΪÈËÀàÕ÷·þ×ÔÈ»µÄÒ»²¿·Ö£¬¶øÒÔÉúÎï´ó·Ö×ÓΪÑо¿¶ÔÏñµÄ·Ö×ÓÉúÎïѧ¾ÍѸËÙ³ÉΪÏÖ´úÉç»áÖÐ×î¾ß»îÁ¦µÄ¿Æѧ¡£ j 2Jew
´Ó1847ÄêSchleidenºÍSchwannÌá³ö"ϸ°ûѧ˵"£¬Ö¤Ã÷¶¯¡¢Ö²ÎﶼÊÇÓÉϸ°û×é³ÉµÄµ½½ñÌ죬ËäÈ»²»¹ý¶Ì¶ÌÒ»°Ù¶àÄêʱ¼ä£¬ÎÒÃǶÔÉúÎï´ó·Ö×Ó--ϸ°ûµÄ»¯Ñ§×é³ÉÈ´ÓÐÁËÉî¿ÌµÄÈÏʶ¡£Ãϵ¶ûµÄÒÅ´«Ñ§¹æÂÉ×îÏÈʹÈËÃǶÔÐÔ×´ÒÅ´«²úÉúÁËÀíÐÔÈÏʶ£¬¶øMorganµÄ»ùÒòѧ˵Ôò½øÒ»²½½«"ÐÔ×´"Óë"»ùÒò"ÏàñîÁª£¬³ÉΪ·Ö×ÓÒÅ´«Ñ§µÄµì»ùʯ¡£WatsonºÍCrickËùÌá³öµÄÍÑÑõºËÌÇËáË«ÂÝÐýÄ£ÐÍ£¬Îª³ä·Ö½ÒʾÒÅ´«ÐÅÏ¢µÄ´«µÝ¹æÂÉÆÌƽÁ˵À·¡£ÔÚµ°°×ÖÊ»¯Ñ§·½Ã棬¼ÌSumnerÔÚ1936Äê֤ʵøÊǵ°°×ÖÊÖ®ºó£¬SangerÀûÓÃÖ½µçÓ¾¼°²ãÎö¼¼ÊõÓÚ1953ÄêÊ״βûÃ÷ÒȵºËصÄÒ»¼¶½á¹¹£¬¿ª´´Á˵°°×ÖÊÐòÁзÖÎöµÄÏȺӡ£¶øKendrewºÍPerutzÀûÓÃXÉäÏßÑÜÉä¼¼Êõ½âÎöÁ˼¡ºìµ°°×£¨myoglobin£©¼°Ñªºìµ°°×£¨hemoglobin£©µÄÈýά½á¹¹£¬ÂÛÖ¤ÁËÕâЩµ°°×ÖÊÔÚÊäËÍ·Ö×ÓÑõ¹ý³ÌÖеÄÌØÊâ×÷Ó㬳ÉΪÑо¿ÉúÎï´ó·Ö×Ó¿Õ¼äÁ¢Ìå¹¹Ð͵ÄÏÈÇý¡£ d8f S79
1910Ä꣬µÂ¹ú¿Æѧ¼ÒKosselµÚÒ»¸ö·ÖÀëÁËÏÙàÑßÊ£¬ÐØÏÙà×ऺÍ×é°±Ëá¡£ ?vP}#N!=d
1959Ä꣬ÃÀ¹ú¿Æѧ¼ÒUchoaµÚÒ»´ÎºÏ³ÉÁ˺ËÌǺËËᣬʵÏÖÁ˽«»ùÒòÄÚµÄÒÅ´«ÐÅϢͨ¹ýRNA·Òë³Éµ°°×ÖʵĹý³Ì¡£Í¬Ä꣬KornbergʵÏÖÁËÊÔ¹ÜÄÚϸ¾úϸ°ûÖÐDNAµÄ¸´ÖÆ¡£ b=Q%Jxz?
1962Ä꣬Watson£¨ÃÀ£©ºÍCrick£¨Ó¢£©ÒòΪÔÚ1953ÄêÌá³öDNAµÄ·´ÏòƽÐÐË«ÂÝÐýÄ£ÐͶøÓëWilkins¹²»ñNobleÉúÀíҽѧ½±£¬ºóÕßͨ¹ýXÉäÏßÑÜÉä֤ʵÁËWatson-CrickÄ£ÐÍ¡£ M5LqZyY
1965Ä꣬·¨¹ú¿Æѧ¼ÒJacobºÍMonodÌá³ö²¢Ö¤ÊµÁ˲Ù×Ý×Ó£¨operon£©×÷Ϊµ÷½Úϸ¾úϸ°û´úлµÄ·Ö×Ó»úÖÆ¡£´ËÍ⣬ËûÃÇ»¹Ê×´ÎÍƲâ´æÔÚÒ»ÖÖÓëDNAÐòÁÐÏ໥²¹¡¢Äܽ«ËüËù±àÂëµÄÒÅ´«ÐÅÏ¢´øµ½µ°°×Öʺϳɳ¡Ëù£¨Ï¸°ûÖÊ£©²¢·Òë²úÉúµ°°×ÖʵÄmRNA£¨ÐÅʹºËÌǺËËᣩ¡£ IAbH_+7O
1972Ä꣬Paul Berg£¨ÃÀ£©µÚÒ»´Î½øÐÐÁËDNAÖØ×é¡£ }j#c#''i
1977Ä꣬SangerºÍGilbert£¨Ó¢£©µÚÒ»´Î½øÐÐÁËDNAÐòÁзÖÎö¡£ HG})VPBa
1988Ä꣬McClintockÓÉÓÚÔÚ50Äê´úÌá³ö²¢·¢ÏÖÁË¿ÉÒƶ¯ÒÅ´«Òò×Ó£¨jumping gene»ò³Æmobile element£©¶ø»ñµÃNobel½±¡£ Ml,87fo
1993Ä꣬ÃÀ¹ú¿Æѧ¼ÒRobertsºÍSharpÒò·¢ÏÖ¶ÏÁÑ»ùÒò£¨introns£©¶ø»ñµÃNobel½±¡£MullisÓÉÓÚ·¢Ã÷PCRÒǶøÓë¼ÓÄôóѧÕßSmith£¨µÚÒ»¸öÉè¼Æ»ùÒò¶¨µãÍ»±ä£©¹²ÏíNobel»¯Ñ§½±¡£ > bSQ}kXe
´ËÍ⣬Griffith£¨1928£©¼°Avery£¨1944£©µÈÈ˹ØÓÚÖ²¡Á¦Ç¿µÄ¹â»¬ÐÍ£¨SÐÍ£©·ÎÑ×Á´Çò¾úDNAµ¼ÖÂÖ²¡Á¦ÈõµÄ´Ö²ÚÐÍ£¨RÐÍ£©Ï¸¾ú·¢ÉúÒÅ´«×ª»¯µÄʵÑ飻HersheyºÍChase£¨1952£©¹ØÓÚDNAÊÇÒÅ´«ÎïÖʵÄʵÑ飻CrickÓÚ1954ÄêËùÌá³öµÄÒÅ´«ÐÅÏ¢´«µÝ¹æÂÉ£¨¼´ÖÐÐÄ·¨Ôò£©:MeselsonºÍStahl£¨1958£©¹ØÓÚDNA°ë±£Áô¸´ÖƵÄʵÑéÒÔ¼°YanofskyºÍBrener£¨1961£©Äê¹ØÓÚÒÅ´«ÃÜÂëÈýÁª×ÓµÄÉèÏ붼Ϊ·Ö×ÓÉúÎïѧµÄ·¢Õ¹×ö³öÁËÖØ´ó¹±Ïס£ :B4X/
ÎÒ¹úÉúÎï¿Æѧ¼ÒÎâÏÜ20ÊÀ¼Í20Äê´ú³õ»Ø¹úºóÔÚкÍÒ½¿Æ´óѧÉú»¯ÏµÓëÍôéà¡¢ÕŲýÓ±µÈÈËÒ»µÀÍê³ÉÁ˵°°×ÖʱäÐÔÀíÂÛ¡¢ÑªÒºÉú»¯¼ì²âºÍÃâÒß»¯Ñ§µÈһϵÁÐÓÐÖØ´óÓ°ÏìµÄÑо¿£¬³ÉΪÎÒ¹úÉúÎﻯѧ½çµÄÏÈÇý¡£20ÊÀ¼Í60Äê´ú¡¢70Äê´úºÍ80Äê´ú£¬ÎÒ¹ú¿Æѧ¼ÒÏà¼ÌʵÏÖÁËÈ˹¤È«ºÏ³ÉÓÐÉúÎïѧ»îÐԵĽᾧţÒȵºËØ£¬½â³öÁËÈý·½¶þпÖíÒȵºËصľ§Ìå½á¹¹£¬²ÉÓÃÓлúºÏ³ÉÓëø´ÙÏà½áºÏµÄ·½·¨Íê³ÉÁ˽Íĸ±û°±ËáתÒƺËÌǺËËáµÄÈ˹¤È«ºÏ³É£¬ÔÚøѧÑо¿¡¢µ°°×Öʽṹ¼°ÉúÎïĤ½á¹¹Ó빦Äܵȷ½Ã涼ÓÐÊÀËùÖõÄ¿µÄ½¨Ê÷¡£ mv9@Az9
y8O<_VOO}"
Èý¡¢·Ö×ÓÉúÎïѧµÄÖ÷ÒªÑо¿ÄÚÈÝ j}DG
+M
ËùÓÐÉúÎïÌåÖеÄÓлú´ó·Ö×Ó¶¼ÊÇÒÔ̼Ô×ÓΪºËÐÄ£¬²¢ÒÔ¹²¼Û¼üµÄÐÎʽÓëÇâ¡¢Ñõ¡¢µª¼°Á×ÒÔ²»Í¬·½Ê½¹¹³ÉµÄ¡£²»½öÈç´Ë£¬Ò»ÇÐÉúÎïÌåÖеĸ÷ÀàÓлú´ó·Ö×Ó¶¼ÊÇÓÉÍêÈ«ÏàͬµÄµ¥Ì壬Èçµ°°×ÖÊ·Ö×ÓÖеÄ20ÖÖ°±»ùËá¡¢DNA¼°RNAÖеÄ8ÖÖ¼î»ùËù×éºÏ¶ø³ÉµÄ£¬Óɴ˲úÉúÁË·Ö×ÓÉúÎïѧµÄ3Ìõ»ù±¾ÔÀí£º ,N5-(W
1£® ¹¹³ÉÉúÎïÌåÓлú´ó·Ö×ӵĵ¥ÌåÔÚ²»Í¬ÉúÎïÖж¼ÊÇÏàͬµÄ£» ?-PW$p
2£® ÉúÎïÌåÄÚÒ»ÇÐÓлú´ó·Ö×ӵĽ¨³É¶¼×ñÑן÷×ÔÌض¨µÄ¹æÔò£» ;z^C\=om
3£® ijһÌض¨ÉúÎïÌåËùÓµÓеĺËËá¼°µ°°×ÖÊ·Ö×Ó¾ö¶¨ÁËËüµÄÊôÐÔ¡£ ?bK^IHh
·Ö×ÓÉúÎïѧÑо¿ÄÚÈÝ: B976{;QvXV
DNAÖØ×é¼¼Êõ------»ùÒò¹¤³Ì Ps7Bt(/
»ùÒò±í´ïµ÷¿Ø-------ºËËáÉúÎïѧ '${xZrzmt
ÉúÎï´ó·Ö×ӽṹ¹¦ÄÜ----½á¹¹·Ö×ÓÉúÎïѧ Z&0*\.6S~
DNAÖØ×é¼¼Êõ£¨ÓֳƻùÒò¹¤³Ì£© ^0&
ÕâÊÇ20ÊÀ¼Í70Äê´ú³õÐËÆðµÄ¼¼Êõ¿Æѧ£¬Ä¿µÄÊǽ«²»Í¬DNAƬ¶Î£¨Èçij¸ö»ùÒò»ò»ùÒòµÄÒ»²¿·Ö£©°´ÕÕÈËÃǵÄÉè¼Æ¶¨ÏòÁ¬½ÓÆðÀ´£¬ÔÚÌض¨µÄÊÜÌåϸ°ûÖÐÓëÔØÌåͬʱ¸´ÖƲ¢µÃµ½±í´ï£¬²úÉúÓ°ÏìÊÜÌåϸ°ûµÄеÄÒÅ´«ÐÔ×´¡£ÑϸñµØ˵£¬DNAÖØ×é¼¼Êõ²¢²»ÍêÈ«µÈÓÚ»ùÒò¹¤³Ì£¬ÒòΪºóÕß»¹°üÀ¨ÆäËû¿ÉÄÜʹÉúÎïϸ°û»ùÒò×é½á¹¹µÃµ½¸ÄÔìµÄÌåϵ¡£DNAÖØ×é¼¼ÊõÊǺËËữѧ¡¢µ°°×ÖÊ»¯Ñ§¡¢Ã¸¹¤³Ì¼°Î¢ÉúÎïѧ¡¢ÒÅ´«Ñ§¡¢Ï¸°ûѧ³¤ÆÚÉîÈëÑо¿µÄ½á¾§£¬¶øÏÞÖÆÐÔÄÚÇÐøDNAÁ¬½Óø¼°ÆäËû¹¤¾ßøµÄ·¢ÏÖÓëÓ¦ÓÃÔòÊÇÕâÒ»¼¼ÊõµÃÒÔ½¨Á¢µÄ¹Ø¼ü¡£ .
[\S=K|/
DNAÖØ×é¼¼ÊõÓÐ׏ãÀ«µÄÓ¦ÓÃÇ°¾°:DNAÖØ×é¼¼Êõ¿ÉÓÃÓÚ¶¨Ïò¸ÄÔìijЩÉúÎï»ùÒò×é½á¹¹£¬Ê¹ËüÃÇËù¾ß±¸µÄÌØÊ⾼üÛÖµ»ò¹¦ÄܵÃÒԳɰ٠ÉÏǧ±¶µÄµØÌá¸ß¡£DNAÖØ×é¼¼Êõ»¹±»ÓÃÀ´½øÐлù´¡Ñо¿¡£Èç¹û˵£¬·Ö×ÓÉúÎïѧÑо¿µÄºËÐÄÊÇÒÅ´«ÐÅÏ¢µÄ´«µÝºÍ¿ØÖÆ£¬ÄÇô¸ù¾ÝÖÐÐÄ·¨Ôò£¬ÎÒÃÇÒªÑо¿µÄ¾ÍÊÇ´ÓDNAµ½RNA£¬ÔÙµ½µ°°×ÖʵÄÈ«¹ý³Ì£¬Ò²¼´»ùÒòµÄ±í´ïÓëµ÷¿Ø¡£ÔÚÕâÀÎÞÂÛÊǶÔÆô¶¯×ÓµÄÑо¿£¨°üÀ¨µ÷¿ØÔª¼þ»ò³Æ˳ʽ×÷ÓÃÔª¼þ£©£¬»¹ÊǶÔת¼Òò×ӵĿË¡¼°·ÖÎö£¬¶¼Àë²»¿ªÖØ×éDNA¼¼ÊõµÄÓ¦Óᣠq:ZF6o`Z83
th(<S
»ùÒò±í´ïµ÷¿ØÑо¿ cYp]zn+6
ÒòΪµ°°×ÖÊ·Ö×Ó²ÎÓë²¢¿ØÖÆÁËϸ°ûµÄÒ»Çдúл»î¶¯£¬¶ø¾ö¶¨µ°°×ÖʽṹºÍºÏ³ÉʱÐòµÄÐÅÏ¢¶¼ÓɺËËᣨÖ÷ÒªÊÇÍÑÑõºËÌǺËËᣩ·Ö×Ó±àÂ룬±íÏÖΪÌض¨µÄºËÜÕËáÐòÁУ¬ËùÒÔ»ùÒò±í´ïʵÖÊÉϾÍÊÇÒÅ´«ÐÅÏ¢µÄת¼ºÍ·Òë¡£ÔÚ¸öÌåÉú³¤·¢Óý¹ý³ÌÖÐÉúÎïÒÅ´«ÐÅÏ¢µÄ±í´ï°´Ò»¶¨µÄʱÐò·¢Éú±ä»¯£¨Ê±Ðòµ÷½Ú£©£¬²¢Ëæ×ÅÄÚÍâ»·¾³µÄ±ä»¯¶ø²»¶Ï¼ÓÒÔÐÞÕý£¨»·¾³µ÷¿Ø£©¡£ 2q.J1:lW
ÔºËÉúÎïµÄ»ùÒò×éºÍȾɫÌå½á¹¹¶¼±ÈÕæºËÉúÎï¼òµ¥£¬×ªÂ¼ºÍ·ÒëÔÚͬһʱ¼äºÍ¿Õ¼äÄÚ·¢Éú£¬»ùÒò±í´ïµÄµ÷¿ØÖ÷Òª·¢ÉúÔÚת¼ˮƽ¡£ÕæºËÉúÎïÓÐϸ°ûºË½á¹¹£¬×ªÂ¼ºÍ·Òë¹ý³ÌÔÚʱ¼äºÍ¿Õ¼äÉ϶¼±»·Ö¸ô¿ª£¬ÇÒÔÚת¼ºÍ·Òëºó¶¼Óи´ÔÓµÄÐÅÏ¢¼Ó¹¤¹ý³Ì£¬Æä»ùÒò±í´ïµÄµ÷¿Ø¿ÉÒÔ·¢ÉúÔÚ¸÷ÖÖ²»Í¬µÄˮƽÉÏ¡£»ùÒò±í´ïµ÷¿ØÖ÷Òª±íÏÖÔÚÐźŴ«µ¼Ñо¿¡¢×ªÂ¼Òò×ÓÑо¿¼°RNA¼ô¼3¸ö·½Ãæ¡£ JN-wToOF
ת¼Òò×ÓÊÇһȺÄÜÓë»ùÒò5¡¯¶ËÉÏÓÎÌض¨ÐòÁÐרһ½áºÏ£¬´Ó¶ø±£Ö¤Ä¿µÄ»ùÒòÒÔÌض¨µÄÇ¿¶ÈÔÚÌض¨µÄʱ¼äÓë¿Õ¼ä±í´ïµÄµ°°×ÖÊ·Ö×Ó¡£ k9?fE
ÕæºË»ùÒòÔڽṹÉϵIJ»Á¬ÐøÐÔÊǽü10ÄêÀ´ÉúÎïѧÉϵÄÖØ´ó·¢ÏÖÖ®Ò»¡£µ±»ùÒòת¼³Épre-mRNAºó£¬³ýÁËÔÚ5¡¯¶Ë¼Óñ¼°3¡¯¶Ë¼Ó¶à¾ÛA[polyA]Ö®Í⣬»¹Òª½«¸ô¿ª¸÷¸öÏàÁÚ±àÂëÇøµÄÄÚº¬×Ó¼ôÈ¥£¬Ê¹ÍâÏÔ×Ó£¨±àÂëÇø£©ÏàÁ¬ºó³ÉΪ³ÉÊìmRNA¡£Ñо¿·¢ÏÖ£¬ÓÐÐí¶à»ùÒò²»Êǽ«ËüÃǵÄÄÚº¬×ÓÈ«²¿¼ôÈ¥£¬¶øÊÇÔÚ²»Í¬µÄϸ°û»ò²»Í¬µÄ·¢Óý½×¶ÎÓÐÑ¡ÔñµØ¼ô½ÓÆäÖв¿·ÖÄÚº¬×Ó£¬Òò´ËÉú³É²»Í¬µÄmRNA¼°µ°°×ÖÊ·Ö×Ó¡£ ey>V^Fj
x0_$,Tz@
½á¹¹·Ö×ÓÉúÎïѧ E"$AOM?(*i
ÉúÎï´ó·Ö×ӵĽṹ¹¦ÄÜÑо¿£¨Óֳƽṹ·Ö×ÓÉúÎïѧ£© Ò»¸öÉúÎï´ó·Ö×Ó£¬ÎÞÂÛÊǺËËá¡¢µ°°×ÖÊ»ò¶àÌÇ£¬ÔÚ·¢»ÓÉúÎïѧ¹¦ÄÜʱ£¬±ØÐë¾ß±¸Á½¸öÇ°Ìá:Ê×ÏÈ£¬ËüÓµÓÐÌض¨µÄ¿Õ¼ä½á¹¹£¨Èýά½á¹¹£©£»Æä´Î£¬ÔÚËü·¢»ÓÉúÎïѧ¹¦ÄܵĹý³ÌÖбض¨´æÔÚ׎ṹºÍ¹¹ÏóµÄ±ä»¯¡£ jO#
5ZhG
½á¹¹·Ö×ÓÉúÎïѧ¾ÍÊÇÑо¿ÉúÎï´ó·Ö×ÓÌض¨µÄ¿Õ¼ä½á¹¹¼°½á¹¹µÄÔ˶¯±ä»¯ÓëÆäÉúÎïѧ¹¦ÄܹØϵµÄ¿Æѧ¡£Ëü°üÀ¨½á¹¹µÄ²â¶¨¡¢½á¹¹Ô˶¯±ä»¯¹æÂɵÄ̽Ë÷¼°½á¹¹Ó빦ÄÜÏ໥¹ØϵµÄ½¨Á¢3¸öÖ÷ÒªÑо¿·½Ïò¡£×î³£¼ûµÄÑо¿Èýά½á¹¹¼°ÆäÔ˶¯¹æÂɵÄÊÖ¶ÎÊÇXÉäÏßÑÜÉäµÄ¾§Ìåѧ£¨ÓֳƵ°°×Öʾ§Ìåѧ£©£¬Æä´ÎÊÇÓöþάºË´Å¹²ÕñºÍ¶àάºË´ÅÑо¿ÒºÏà½á¹¹£¬Ò²ÓÐÈËÓõ羵ÈýάÖØ×é¡¢µç×ÓÑÜÉä¡¢ÖÐ×ÓÑÜÉäºÍ¸÷ÖÖƵÆ×ѧ·½·¨Ñо¿ÉúÎï¸ß·Ö×ӵĿռä½á¹¹¡£ c)OQ_3xOs
H[&X${ap
ACcxQK}
VdV18-ea
µÚ¶þ½² ȾɫÌåÓëDNA qkN{l88
Ò»¡¢ DNAµÄ×é³ÉÓë½á¹¹
&(Ot(.
AveryÔÚ1944ÄêµÄÑо¿±¨¸æÖÐдµÀ£º"µ±ÈÜÒºÖоƾ«µÄÌå»ý´ïµ½9/10ʱ£¬ÓÐÏËά״ÎïÖÊÎö³ö¡£ÈçÉÔ¼Ó½Á°è£¬Ëü¾Í»áÏóÃÞÏßÔÚÏßÖáÉÏÒ»ÑùÈÆÔÚÓ²°ôÉÏ£¬ÈÜÒºÖеÄÆäËü³É·ÝÔò³Ê¿ÅÁ£×´³Áµí¡£ÈܽâÏËά״ÎïÖʲ¢Öظ´Êý´Î£¬¿ÉÌá¸ßÆä´¿¶È¡£ÕâÒ»ÎïÖʾßÓкÜÇ¿µÄÉúÎïѧ»îÐÔ£¬³õ²½ÊµÑé֤ʵ£¬ËüºÜ¿ÉÄܾÍÊÇDNA¡£¶ÔDNA·Ö×ÓµÄÎïÀí»¯Ñ§Ñо¿µ¼ÖÂÁËÏÖ´úÉúÎïѧ·Ì츲µØµÄ¸ïÃü£¬Õâ¸üÊÇAveryËùûÓÐÏëµ½¡£ V.*0k~
ËùνDNAµÄÒ»¼¶½á¹¹£¬¾ÍÊÇÖ¸4ÖÖºËÜÕËáµÄÁ¬½Ó¼°ÆäÅÅÁÐ˳Ðò£¬±íʾÁ˸ÃDNA·Ö×ӵĻ¯Ñ§¹¹³É¡£ºËÜÕËáÐòÁжÔDNA¸ß¼¶½á¹¹µÄÐγÉÓкܴóÓ°Ï죬ÈçB-DNAÖжà¾Û£*****-C£©ÇøÒ׳öÏÖ×óÊÖÂÝÐýDNA£¨Z-DNA£©£¬¶ø·´ÏòÖظ´µÄDNAƬ¶ÎÒ׳öÏÖ·¢¿¨Ê½½á¹¹µÈ¡£DNA²»½ö¾ßÓÐÑϸñµÄ»¯Ñ§×é³É£¬»¹¾ßÓÐÌØÊâµÄ¸ß¼¶½á¹¹£¬ËüÖ÷ÒªÒÔÓйæÔòµÄË«ÂÝÐýÐÎʽ´æÔÚ£¬Æä»ù±¾ÌصãÊÇ£º Bdd>r#
]
1¡¢DNA·Ö×ÓÊÇÓÉÁ½Ìõ»¥ÏàƽÐеÄÍÑÑõºËÜÕË᳤Á´ÅÌÈƶø³ÉµÄ¡£
Wq1%
2¡¢DNA·Ö×ÓÖеÄÍÑÑõºËÌǺÍÁ×Ëá½»ÌæÁ¬½Ó£¬ÅÅÔÚÍâ²à£¬¹¹³É»ù±¾¹Ç¼Ü£¬¼î»ùÅÅÁÐÔÚÄڲࡣ yY$:zc"J
3¡¢Á½ÌõÁ´Éϵļî»ùͨ¹ýÇâ¼üÏà½áºÏ£¬Ðγɼî»ù¶Ô£¬ËüµÄ×é³ÉÓÐÒ»¶¨µÄ¹æÂÉ¡£Õâ¾ÍÊÇàÑßÊÓëà×à¤Åä¶Ô£¬¶øÇÒÏÙàÑßÊ£¨A£©Ö»ÄÜÓëÐØÏÙà×ण¨T£©Åä¶Ô£¬ÄñàÑßÊ£*****£©Ö»ÄÜÓë°ûà×ण¨C£©Åä¶Ô¡£ÈçÒ»ÌõÁ´ÉÏijһ¼î»ùÊÇC£¬ÁíÒ»ÌõÁ´ÉÏÓëËüÅä¶ÔµÄ¼î»ù±Ø¶¨ÊÇG¡£¼î»ùÖ®¼äµÄÕâÖÖÒ»Ò»¶ÔÓ¦µÄ¹Øϵ½Ð¼î»ù»¥²¹Åä¶ÔÔÔò¡£×é³ÉDNA·Ö×ӵļî»ùËäȻֻÓÐ4ÖÖ£¬ËüÃǵÄÅä¶Ô·½Ê½Ò²Ö»ÓÐAÓëT£¬CÓëGÁ½ÖÖ£¬µ«ÊÇ£¬ÓÉÓÚ¼î»ù¿ÉÒÔÈκÎ˳ÐòÅÅÁУ¬¹¹³ÉÁËDNA·Ö×ӵĶàÑùÐÔ¡£ÀýÈ磬ijDNA·Ö×ÓµÄÒ»Ìõ¶àºËÜÕËáÁ´ÓÐ100¸ö²»Í¬µÄ¼î»ù×é³É£¬ËüÃǵĿÉÄÜÅÅÁз½Ê½¾ÍÊÇ4100¡£ 0"_FQv
P~
y%
¶þ¡¢ DNA¾ÛºÏøÓëDNAµÄºÏ³É H#luG_)
The accuracy of translation relies on the specificity of base pairing. The actual rate in bacteria seems to be --10-8-10-10. This corresponds to -1 error per genome per 1000 bacterial replication cycles, or -10-6 per gene per generation. |i7j}i
DNA polymerase might improve the specificity of complementary base selection at either (or both) of two stages: 2Po e-=
1£¬It could scrutinize the incoming base for the proper complementarity with the template base; for example, by specifically recongnizing matching chemical features. This would be a presynthetic error control. ^%V^\DK
2£¬Or it could scrutinize the base pair after the new base has been added to the chain, and, in those cases in which a mistake has been made, remove the most recently added base. This would be a proofreading control. #sK:q&/G`
M/X&zr
Èý¡¢DNAµÄÉúÀíÒâÒå¼°³É·Ö·ÖÎö O%.c%)4Xo
ÔçÔÚ1928ÄêÓ¢¹ú¿Æѧ¼ÒGriffithµÈÈ˾ͷ¢ÏÖ·ÎÑ×Á´Çò¾úʹСÊó²Ð·ÏµÄÔÒòÊÇÒýÆð·ÎÑס£Ï¸¾úµÄ¶¾ÐÔ£¨Ö²¡Á¦£©ÊÇÓÉϸ°û±íÃæ¼ÔĤÖеĶàÌÇËù¾ö¶¨µÄ¡£¾ßÓй⻬Íâ±íµÄSÐÍ·ÎÑ×Á´Çò¾úÒòΪ´øÓмÔĤ¶àÌǶø¶¼ÄÜʹСÊó·¢²¡£¬¶ø¾ßÓдֲÚÍâ±íµÄRÐÍÒòΪûÓмÔĤ¶àÌǶøʧȥÖ²¡Á¦£¨¼ÔĤ¶àÌÇÄܱ£»¤Ï¸¾úÃâÊÜÔ˶¯°×ϸ°û¹¥»÷£©¡£ |Y6+Y{|\
Ê×ÏÈÓÃʵÑéÖ¤Ã÷»ùÒò¾ÍÊÇDNA·Ö×ÓµÄÊÇÃÀ¹úÖøÃûµÄ΢ÉúÎïѧ¼ÒAvery¡£AveryµÈÈ˽«¹â»¬ÐÍÖ²¡¾ú£¨SÐÍ£©ÉÕÖóɱÃð»îÐÔÒÔºóÔÙÇÖȾСÊ󣬷¢ÏÖÕâЩËÀϸ¾ú×ÔȻɥʧÁËÖ²¡ÄÜÁ¦¡£ÔÙÓûîµÄ´Ö²ÚÐÍϸ¾ú£¨RÐÍ£©À´ÇÖȾСÊó£¬Ò²²»ÄÜʹ֮·¢²¡£¬ÒòΪ´Ö²ÚÐÍϸ¾úÌìÈ»ÎÞÖ²¡Á¦¡£µ±ËûÃǽ«¾ÉÕÖóɱËÀµÄSÐÍϸ¾úºÍ»îµÄRÐÍϸ¾ú»ìºÏÔÙ¸ÐȾСÊóʱ£¬ÊµÑéСÊóÿ´Î¶¼ËÀÁË¡£½âÆÊËÀÊ󣬷¢ÏÖÓдóÁ¿»îµÄSÐÍ£¨¶ø²»ÊÇRÐÍ£©Ï¸¾ú¡£ËûÃÇÍƲ⣬ËÀϸ¾úÖеÄijһ³É·ÖÔæת»¯Ô´£¨transforming principle£©½«ÎÞÖ²¡Á¦µÄϸ¾úת»¯³É²¡Ôϸ¾ú¡£ WZa?
Xb
ÃÀ¹úÀäȪ¸Û¿¨ÄÚ»ùÒÅ´«Ñ§ÊµÑéÊÒ¿Æѧ¼ÒHersheyºÍËûµÄѧÉúChaseÔÚ1952Äê´ÓÊÂÊɾúÌåÇÖȾϸ¾úµÄʵÑé¡£ÊɾúÌåרÃżÄÉúÔÚϸ¾úÌåÄÚ¡£ËüµÄÍ·¡¢Î²Íⲿ¶¼ÓÐÓɵ°°×ÖÊ×é³ÉµÄÍâ¿Ç£¬Í·ÄÚÖ÷ÒªÊÇDNA¡£ÊɾúÌåÇÖȾϸ¾úµÄ¹ý³Ì¿ÉÒÔ·ÖΪÒÔÏÂ5¸ö²½Ö裺¢ÙÊɾúÌåÓÃβ²¿µÄÄ©¶Ë£¨»ùƬ¡¢Î²Ë¿£©Îü¸½ÔÚϸ¾ú±íÃ棻¢ÚÊɾúÌåͨ¹ýβÖá°ÑDNAÈ«²¿×¢Èëϸ¾úϸ°ûÄÚ£¬ÊɾúÌåµÄµ°°×ÖÊÍâ¿ÇÔòÁôÔÚϸ°ûÍâÃ棻¢ÛÊɾúÌåµÄDNAÒ»µ©½øÈëϸ¾úÌåÄÚ£¬Ëü¾ÍÄÜÀûÓÃϸ¾úµÄÉúÃü¹ý³ÌºÏ³ÉÊɾúÌå×ÔÉíµÄDNAºÍµ°°×ÖÊ£»¢ÜкϳɵÄDNAºÍµ°°×ÖÊÍâ¿Ç£¬ÄÜ×é×°³ÉÐíÐí¶à¶àÓëÇ×´úÍêÈ«ÏàͬµÄ×ÓÊɾúÌ壻¢Ý×Ó´úÊɾúÌåÓÉÓÚϸ¾úµÄ½âÌå¶ø±»ÊͷųöÀ´£¬ÔÙÈ¥ÇÖȾÆäËûϸ¾ú¡£ËûÃÇ·¢ÏÖ±»¸ÐȾµÄϸ¾úÖдøÓÐ70%µÄÊɾúÌåDNA£¬µ«Ö»´øÓÐ20%µÄÊɾúÌåµ°°×ÖÊ¡£×Ó´úÊɾúÌåÖдøÓÐ50%±ê¼ÇµÄDNA£¬È´Ö»ÓÐ1%µÄ±ê¼Çµ°°×ÖÊ¡£ i+)9ItZr
ËÄ. C-valueºÍCot1/2 rG _T!']~
z+>FKAF
ep-~;?
Îå¡¢ ȾɫÌå½á¹¹ FCu0)\
ÈκÎÒ»ÌõȾɫÌåÉ϶¼´øÓÐÐí¶à»ùÒò£¬Ò»Ìõ¸ßµÈÉúÎïµÄȾɫÌåÉÏ¿ÉÄÜ´øÓгÉǧÉÏÍò¸ö»ùÒò£¬Ò»¸öϸ°ûÖеÄÈ«²¿»ùÒòÐòÁм°Æä¼ä¸ôÐòÁÐͳ³ÆΪgenomes£¨»ùÒò×飩¡£ Èç¹ûÉèÏ뽫ÈËÌåϸ°ûÖеÄDNA·Ö×ÓÈƵØÇòÒ»ÖÜ£¬ÄÇô£¬Ã¿¸ö¼î»ù´óÔ¼Ö»Õ¼1£5ÀåÃ×£¬¶øÒ»¸ö2£3kbµÄ»ùÒòÖ»Ï൱ÓÚµØÇòÉÏÒ»ÌõÊýÊ®Ã׳¤£¬ÊýÀåÃ׿íµÄÏ߶Σ¡ 0T{Z'3^=
I$7#Z!P6|
Genotype (»ùÒòÐÍ)£º The genetic constitution of a given organism (ָij¸öÌض¨ÉúÎïÌåϸ°ûÄÚµÄÈ«²¿ÒÅ´«ÎïÖÊ)¡£ Vu3;U
Phenotype (±íÏÖÐÍ)£º Visible property of any given organism (ij¸öÌض¨ÉúÎïÌåÖпɹ۲쵽µÄÎïÀí»òÉúÀíÏÖÏó)¡£ &"(xd@V)]A
Mutations£º ȾɫÌåDNAÖпÉÒÅ´«µÄºËÜÕËáÐòÁб仯¡£ Bn 5]{Df
06FBI?;|=
Áù¡¢ ȾɫÌåµÄ×é³É )zzK\I6/EQ
1£®È¾É«ÖʺͺËСÌå |]tIE{d
ȾɫÖÊDNAµÄTmÖµ±È×ÔÓÉDNA¸ß£¬ËµÃ÷ÔÚȾɫÖÊÖÐDNA¼«¿ÉÄÜÓëµ°°×ÖÊ·Ö×ÓÏ໥×÷Óã»ÔÚȾɫÖÊ״̬Ï£¬ÓÉDNA¾ÛºÏøºÍRNA¾ÛºÏø´ß»¯µÄDNA¸´ÖƺÍת¼»îÐÔ´ó´óµÍÓÚÔÚ×ÔÓÉDNAÖеķ´Ó¦£»DNAøI£¨DNaseI£©¶ÔȾɫÖÊDNAµÄÏû»¯Ô¶Ô¶ÂýÓÚ¶Ô´¿DNAµÄ×÷Óá£È¾É«Öʵĵç×ÓÏÔ΢¾µÍ¼ÏÔʾ³öÓɺËСÌå×é³ÉµÄÄîÖé×´½á¹¹£¬¿ÉÒÔ¿´µ½ÓÉÒ»Ìõϸ˿Á¬½Ó×ŵÄÒ»Á¬´®Ö±¾¶Îª10nmµÄÇò×´Ìå¡£ 9%i|_c}
ºËСÌåÊÇÓÉH2A¡¢H2B¡¢H3¡¢H4¸÷Á½¸ö·Ö×ÓÉú³ÉµÄ°Ë¾ÛÌåºÍÓÉ´óÔ¼200bpDNA×é³ÉµÄ¡£°Ë¾ÛÌåÔÚÖм䣬DNA·Ö×ÓÅÌÈÆÔÚÍ⣬¶øH1ÔòÔÚºËСÌåµÄÍâÃ档ÿ¸öºËСÌåÖ»ÓÐÒ»¸öH1¡£ ^{3,ok*Nf
ÔÚºËСÌåÖÐDNAÅÌÈÆ×éµ°°×°Ë¾ÛÌåºËÐÄ£¬´Ó¶øʹ·Ö×ÓÊÕËõ³É1/7£¬200bpDNAµÄ³¤¶ÈԼΪ68nm£¬È´±»Ñ¹ËõÔÚ10nmµÄºËСÌåÖС£µ«ÊÇ£¬ÈËÖÐÆÚȾɫÌåÖк¬3.3¡Á109¼î»ù¶Ô£¬ÆäÀíÂÛ³¤¶ÈÓ¦ÊÇ180cm£¬Õâô³¤µÄDNA±»°üº¬ÔÚ46¸ö51¦Ìm³¤µÄÔ²ÖùÌ壨ȾɫÌ壩ÖУ¬ÆäѹËõ±ÈԼΪ104¡£ Lc<v4Bp
0:Ow
$
2£®È¾É«ÌåÖеĺËËá×é³É dD
Qx[
¢Å²»Öظ´ÐòÁÐ ÔÚµ¥±¶Ìå»ùÒò×éÀÕâЩÐòÁÐÒ»°ãÖ»ÓÐÒ»¸ö»ò¼¸¸ö¿½±´£¬ËüÕ¼DNA×ÜÁ¿µÄ40%£80%¡£²»Öظ´ÐòÁг¤Ô¼750£2000dp£¬Ï൱ÓÚÒ»¸ö½á¹¹»ùÒòµÄ³¤¶È¡£µ¥¿½±´»ùÒòͨ¹ý»ùÒòÀ©ÔöÈԿɺϳɴóÁ¿µÄµ°°×ÖÊ£¬ÈçÒ»¸ö²ÏË¿Ðĵ°°×»ùÒò¿É×÷Ϊģ°åºÏ³É104¸öË¿Ðĵ°°×mRNA£¬Ã¿¸ömRNA¿É´æ»î4d£¬¹²ºÏ³É105¸öË¿Ðĵ°°×£¬ÕâÑù£¬ÔÚ¼¸ÌìÖ®ÄÚ£¬Ò»¸öµ¥¿½±´Ë¿Ðĵ°°×»ùÒò¾Í¿ÉÒԺϳÉ109¸öË¿Ðĵ°°×·Ö×Ó ¡£ \J>a*
Sz.sX w;
¢ÆÖжÈÖظ´ÐòÁÐ ÕâÀàÖظ´ÐòÁеÄÖظ´´ÎÊýÔÚ10£104Ö®¼ä£¬Õ¼×ÜDNAµÄ10%£40%¡£¸÷ÖÖrRNA¡¢tRNA ¼°×éµ°°×»ùÒòµÈ¶¼ÊôÕâÒ»Àà¡£ 2WK]I1_
·ÇÖÞצó¸µÄ18S¡¢5.8S¼°28SrRNA»ùÒòÊÇÁ¬ÔÚÒ»ÆðµÄ£¬Öмä¸ô×Ų»×ªÂ¼µÄ¼ä¸ôÇø£¬ÕâЩµ¥Î»ÔÚDNAÁ´ÉÏ´®ÁªÖظ´Ô¼5000´Î¡£ÔÚÂÑϸ°ûÐγɹý³ÌÖÐÕâЩ»ùÒò¿É½øÐм¸Ç§´Î²»Í¬±ÈÀýµÄ¸´ÖÆ£¬²úÉú2¡Á106¸ö¿½±´£¬Ê¹rDNAÕ¼ÂÑϸ°ûDNAµÄ75%£¬´Ó¶øʹ¸Ãϸ°ûÄÜ»ýÀÛ1012¸öºËÌÇÌå¡£ ev}lb+pr)_
8CR b6
¢Ç¸ß¶ÈÖظ´ÐòÁСª¡ªÎÀÐÇDNA ÕâÀàDNAÖ»ÔÚÕæºËÉúÎïÖз¢ÏÖ£¬Õ¼»ùÒò×éµÄ10%¡ª60%£¬ÓÉ6¡ª100¸ö¼î»ù×é³É£¬ÔÚDNAÁ´ÉÏ´®ÁªÖظ´¼¸°ÙÍò´Î¡£ÓÉÓÚ¼î»ùµÄ×é³É²»Í¬£¬ÔÚCsClÃܶÈÌݶÈÀëÐÄÖÐÒ×ÓëÆäËûDNA·Ö¿ª£¬Ðγɺ¬Á¿½Ï´óµÄÖ÷·å¼°¸ß¶ÈÖظ´ÐòÁÐС·å£¬ºóÕßÓÖ³ÆÎÀÐÇÇø´ø£¨·å£©¡£ 21b
¸ßµÈÕæºËÉúÎïDNAÎÞÂ۴ӽṹ»¹Êǹ¦ÄÜ¿´¶¼¼«Îª¸´ÔÓ£¬ÒÔСÊóΪÀý£º |~'PEY
1.СÊó×ÜDNAµÄ10£¥ÊÇСÓÚ10bpµÄ¸ß¶ÈÖظ´ÐòÁУ¬Öظ´ÊýÊ®Íòµ½ÉÏ°ÙÍò´Î/genome¡£ Vz(O=w=
2.×ÜDNAµÄ20£¥ÊÇÖظ´Êýǧ´Î¡¢³¤Ô¼Êý°ÙbpµÄÖеÈÖظ´ÐòÁС£ g%P6 f
3.×ÜDNAµÄ70£¥ÊDz»Öظ´»òµÍÖظ´ÐòÁÐ,¾ø´ó²¿·Ö¹¦ÄÜ»ùÒò¶¼Î»ÓÚÕâÀàÐòÁÐÖС£ 73b(A|kQ@
Centromere£ºÊÇϸ°ûÓÐË¿·ÖÁÑÆÚ¼ä·Ä´¸Ìåµ°°×ÖÊÓëȾɫÌåµÄ½áºÏλµã£¨attachment point£©£¬ÕâÖÖ½áºÏ¶ÔÓÚȾɫÌå¶ÔÔÚ×Óϸ°ûÖеÄÓÐÐòºÍƽ¾ù·ÖÅäÖÁ¹ØÖØÒª¡£ÔÚ½ÍĸÖУ¬centromereµÄ¹¦Äܵ¥Î»³¤Ô¼130 bp£¬¸»º¬AT ¼î»ù¶Ô¡£ÔڸߵÈÕæºËϸ°ûÖУ¬centromere¶¼ÊÇÓɳ¤Ô¼5£10 bp¡¢·½ÏòÏàͬµÄ¸ß¶ÈÖظ´ÐòÁÐËù×é³É¡£ v1s.j2T
Telomeres are sequences at the ends of eukaryotic Chromosomes that help stabilize them¡£ ½ÍĸTelomeresÒ»°ãÒÔ100 bp×óÓÒ²»¾«È·Öظ´ÐòÁÐËù×é³É¡£ (%&HufT
5¡¯(TxGy)n f~HC%C
YH
3¡¯(AxCy)n z}>
q/!q
ÆäÖÐX¡¢YÒ»°ãΪ1£4£¬µ¥Ï¸°ûÕæºËÉúÎïÖÐn³£Îª20£100£¬¸ßµÈÕæºËÉúÎïÖÐ>1500¡£ %r1NRg8
ȾɫÌåÄ©¶ËµÄÏßÐÔÖظ´ÐòÁв»Äܱ»DNA polymarase Ëù׼ȷ¸´ÖÆ£¬ËüÃÇÒ»°ãÔÚDNA¸´ÖÆÍê³ÉÒÔºóÓÉtelomaraseºÏ³Éºó¼Óµ½È¾É«ÌåÄ©¶Ë¡£ fwe4f
Alu£¨³¤Ô¼300bp£©ÊÇÈËÀà¸ß¶ÈÖظ´ÐòÁÐ,ÒòΪ¸ÃÐòÁÐÖдøÓÐAluIµÄʶ±ðÐòÁжøµÃÃû¡£ÊýÊ®Íò¸öAluÖظ´ÐòÁÐÉ¢²¼ÓÚÕû¸öÈËÀà»ùÒò×éÖУ¬´ïµ½×ÜÐòÁеÄ1£3£¥¡£AluÓëÆäËü¸ß¶ÈÖظ´ÐòÁй²Õ¼ÈËÀàDNAµÄ10£¥ÒÔÉÏ¡£ ; L<D-=
eXN\w]GE
3£®È¾É«ÌåÖеĵ°°×ÖÊ eXB'>#&s
ȾɫÌåÉϵĵ°°×ÖÊ°üÀ¨×éµ°°×ºÍ·Ç×éµ°°×¡£×éµ°°×ÊÇȾɫÌåµÄ½á¹¹µ°°×£¬ËüÓëDNA×é³ÉºËСÌ塣ͨ³£¿ÉÒÔÓÃ2mol/L NaCl»ò0.25mol/LµÄHCl/H2SO4´¦Àíʹ×éµ°°×ÓëDNA·Ö¿ª¡£×éµ°°×·ÖΪH1¡¢H2A¡¢H2B¡¢H3¼°H4¡£ÕâЩ×éµ°°×¶¼º¬ÓдóÁ¿µÄÀµ°±ËáºÍ¾«°±ËᣬÆäÖÐH3¡¢H4¸»º¬¾«°±ËᣬH1¸»º¬Àµ°±Ë᣻H2A¡¢H2B½éÓÚÁ½ÕßÖ®¼ä¡£ - '<K_e;
¢Å×éµ°°×µÄÒ»°ãÌØÐÔ Bu[sSoA
½ø»¯Éϵļ«¶Ë±£ÊØÐÔ¡£Å£¡¢Öí¡¢´óÊóµÄH4°±»ùËáÐòÁÐÍêÈ«Ïàͬ¡£Å£µÄH4ÐòÁÐÓëÍ㶹ÐòÁÐÏà±ÈÖ»ÓÐÁ½¸ö°±»ùËáµÄ²îÒ죨Í㶹H4ÖеÄÒìÁÁ°±»ùËá60¡úçÓ°±Ëá60£¬¾«°±Ëá¡úÀµ°±Ëᣩ¡£H3µÄ±£ÊØÐÔÒ²ºÜ´ó£¬ÀðÓãÓëСţÐØÏÙµÄH3Ö»²îÒ»¸ö°±»ùËᣬСţÐØÏÙÓëÍ㶹H3Ö»²î4¸ö°±»ùËá¡£ /$w,8pV=
ÎÞ×éÖ¯ÌØÒìÐÔ¡£µ½Ä¿Ç°ÎªÖ¹£¬½ö·¢ÏÖÄñÀà¡¢ÓãÀ༰Á½ÆÜÀàºìϸ°ûȾɫÌå²»º¬H1¶ø´øÓÐH5£¬¾«Ï¸°ûȾɫÌåµÄ×éµ°°×ÊÇÓ㾫µ°°×¡£ qL;OE.?oA
ëÄÁ´ÉÏ°±»ùËá·Ö²¼µÄ²»¶Ô³ÆÐÔ¡£¼îÐÔ°±»ùËἯÖзֲ¼ÔÚN¶ËµÄ°ëÌõÁ´ÉÏ¡£ÀýÈ磬N¶ËµÄ°ëÌõÁ´ÉϾ»µçºÉΪ+16£¬C¶ËÖ»ÓÐ+3£¬´ó²¿·ÖÊèË®»ùÍŶ¼·Ö²¼ÔÚC¶Ë¡£ b0QC91
×éµ°°×µÄÐÞÊÎ×÷ÓᣰüÀ¨¼×»ù»¯¡¢ÒÒ»ù»¯¡¢Á×Ëữ¼°ADPºËÌÇ»ù»¯µÈ¡£ X+0+}S
#(i9G^K
¢Æ·Ç×éµ°°×µÄÒ»°ãÌØÐÔ d`}t!]Gg
ȾɫÌåÉϳýÁË´æÔÚ´óÔ¼ÓëDNAµÈÁ¿µÄ×éµ°°×ÒÔÍ⣬»¹´æÔÚ´óÁ¿µÄ·Ç×éµ°°×¡£·Ç×éµ°°×µÄ¶àÑùÐÔ¡£·Ç×éµ°°×µÄÁ¿´óÔ¼ÊÇ×éµ°°×µÄ60%¡«70%£¬µ«ËüµÄÖÖÀàÈ´ºÜ¶à£¬Ô¼ÔÚ20-100ÖÖÖ®¼ä£¬ÆäÖг£¼ûµÄÓÐ15-20ÖÖ¡£ ·Ç×éµ°°×µÄ×é֯רһÐÔºÍÖÖÊôרһÐÔ¡£ iJ&*H)}^
(3)¼¸Àà³£¼ûµÄ·Ç×éµ°°× I&m C
a.HMGµ°°×£¨high mobility group protein£©¡£ÕâÊÇÒ»ÀàÄÜÓõÍÑΣ¨0.35mol/L NaCl£©ÈÜÒº³éÌá¡¢ÄÜÈÜÓÚ2%µÄÈýÂÈÒÒËá¡¢Ïà¶Ô·Ö×ÓÖÊÁ¿½ÏµÍµÄ·Ç×éµ°°×£¬Ïà¶Ô·Ö×ÓÖÊÁ¿¶¼ÔÚ3.0¡Á104ÒÔÏ¡£ Wu}84W"!.V
b. DNA½áºÏµ°°×¡£ÓÃ2mol/L NaCl³ýȥȫ²¿×éµ°°×ºÍ70%·Ç×éµ°°×ºó£¬»¹ÓÐÒ»²¿·Öµ°°×±ØÐëÓÃ2mol/L NaClºÍ5mol/LÄòËزÅÄÜÓëDNA½âÀë¡£ÕâЩµ°°×·Ö×ÓÁ¿½ÏµÍ£¬Ô¼Õ¼·Ç×éµ°°×µÄ20%£¬È¾É«ÖʵÄ8%¡£ hH&A1vUv
%QYH]DR
Æß. ÔºËÓëÕæºËȾɫÌåDNA±È½Ï (h
B+DPi
ÔºËÉúÎïÖÐÒ»°ãÖ»ÓÐÒ»ÌõȾɫÌåÇҴ󶼴øÓе¥¿½±´»ùÒò£¬Ö»ÓкÜÉÙÊý»ùÒò¡²ÈçrRNA»ùÒò¡³ÊÇÒԶ࿽±´ÐÎʽ´æÔÚ£» y\?T%g
Õû¸öȾɫÌåDNA¼¸ºõÈ«²¿Óɹ¦ÄÜ»ùÒòÓëµ÷¿ØÐòÁÐËù×é³É£» v(|Arm?
¼¸ºõÿ¸ö»ùÒòÐòÁж¼ÓëËüËù±àÂëµÄµ°°×ÖÊÐòÁгÊÏßÐÔ¶ÔӦ״̬¡£ n<
GTc{>Z
Viral DNA molecules are relatively small Q%_QT0H9Kz
HIV = 9000 nt RNA DlMT<ld
Q¦Â = 4200 nt JX.3b_O
Bactaria DNA is 100 times > than viral C\3;o]
E. coli 4639221 bp double-stranded vYPZVqF_$
Contour length = 1.7mm, 850±¶Ï¸¾ú±¾Éí³¤¶È¡£Ï¸¾úÖг£³£´øÓÐÖÊÁ£DNA¡£ n+'gVEBA
Eucaryotic cells bR\Oyd~e
¹ûÓ¬´øÓÐ25±¶ÓÚE. Coli µÄDNA,ÈËÀà´øÓÐ600±¶ÓÚE. Coli µÄDNA. Eucaryotic DNA ÖлùÒòÃܶÈÃ÷ÏÔµÍÓÚԺ˺Ͳ¡¶¾¡£ÈçÈËDNAÖÐƽ¾ùÿºÁÃ×Ö»´øÓÐ50¸ö»ùÒò,¶øE. ColiÖлùÒòÃܶÈÿºÁÃ×DNA´øÓÐ2400¸ö»ùÒò£¡Ò»¸öÈËϸ°ûÖÐËù´øÓеÄDNAÔ¼ÓÐ2m/1.7mmϸ¾ú¡£³ÉÈË´øÓÐ1X10^14¸öϸ°û£¬³ÉÈËÌåÄÚÈ«²¿DNAµÄ×ܳ¤¶È£¨Contour Length£©£½ 2X10^11Km I_dO*k%l
;2k!KW@
Ie z`g<r
%X5p\VS\7
------------------------------------------------------ M:PEY*4H
3J3Yt`
µÚÈý½² µ°°×ÖÊºÏ³É Rj'Tu0l
Ò».»ùÒòÓë»ùÒò±í´ïµÄÒ»°ã¸ÅÄî J,W<vrKOcN
»ùÒò×÷ΪΨһÄܹ»×ÔÖ÷¸´ÖÆ¡¢ÓÀ¾Ã´æÔڵĵ¥Î»£¬ÆäÉúÀíѧ¹¦ÄÜÒÔµ°°×ÖÊÐÎʽµÃµ½±í´ï¡£DNAÐòÁÐÊÇÒÅ´«ÐÅÏ¢µÄÖü´æÕߣ¬Ëüͨ¹ý×ÔÖ÷¸´ÖƵõ½ÓÀ´æ£¬²¢Í¨¹ýת¼Éú³ÉmRNA£¬·ÒëÉú³Éµ°°×ÖʵĹý³Ì¿ØÖÆËùÓÐÉúÃüÏÖÏó¡£ 99KW("C1F
±àÂëÁ´£¨coding strand£©ÓÖ³Æsense strand£¬ÊÇÖ¸ÓëmRNAÐòÁÐÏàͬµÄÄÇÌõÁ´¡£·Ç±àÂëÁ´£¨anticoding strand£©£¬ÓÖ³Æantisense strand£¬ÊÇÖ¸ÄÇÌõ¸ù¾Ý¼î»ù»¥²¹ÔÔòÖ¸µ¼mRNAÉúÎïºÏ³ÉµÄDNAÁ´¡£ 85}S8\_u
Genetic information is perpetuated by replication£¨¸´ÖÆ£©in which a double- stranded nucleic acid is duplicated to give identical copies. ]B2%\}c
»ùÒò±í´ï°üÀ¨×ªÂ¼£¨transcription£©ºÍ·Ò루translation£©Á½¸ö½×¶Î¡£×ªÂ¼ÊÇÖ¸¿½±´³öÒ»ÌõÓëDNAÁ´ÐòÁÐÍêÈ«Ïàͬ£¨³ýÁËT¡úUÖ®Í⣩µÄRNAµ¥Á´µÄ¹ý³Ì£¬ÊÇ»ùÒò±í´ïµÄºËÐIJ½Öè¡£·ÒëÊÇÖ¸ÒÔÐÂÉúµÄmRNAΪģ°å£¬°ÑºËÜÕËáÈýÁª×ÓÒÅ´«ÃÜÂë·Òë³É°±»ùËáÐòÁС¢ºÏ³Éµ°°×ÖʶàëÄÁ´µÄ¹ý³Ì£¬ÊÇ»ùÒò±í´ïµÄ×îÖÕÄ¿µÄ¡£ >WcOY7
Ö»ÓÐmRNAËùЯ´øµÄÒÅ´«ÐÅÏ¢²Å±»ÓÃÀ´Ö¸µ¼µ°°×ÖÊÉúÎïºÏ³É£¬ËùÒÔÈËÃÇÒ»°ãÓÃU¡¢C¡¢A¡¢GÕâ4ÖÖºËÜÕËá¶ø²»ÊÇT¡¢C¡¢A¡¢GµÄ×éºÏÀ´±íʾÒÅ´«ÐÔ×´¡£Ëùν·ÒëÊÇÖ¸½«mRNAÁ´ÉϵĺËÜÕËá´ÓÒ»¸öÌض¨µÄÆðʼλµã¿ªÊ¼£¬°´Ã¿3¸öºËÜÕËá´ú±íÒ»¸ö°±»ùËáµÄÔÔò£¬ÒÀ´ÎºÏ³ÉÒ»Ìõ¶àëÄÁ´µÄ¹ý³Ì¡£ kMz*10$gn
ZL7#44
¶þ. ÒÅ´«ÃÜÂ롪¡ªÈýÁª×Ó Jv8JCu"eky
mRNAÉÏÿ3¸öºËÜÕËá·Òë³Éµ°°×ÖʶàëÄÁ´ÉϵÄÒ»¸ö°±»ùËᣬÕâ3¸öºËÜÕËá¾Í³ÆΪһ¸öÃÜÂ룬Ҳ½ÐÈýÁª×ÓÃÜÂë¡£·Òëʱ´ÓÆðʼÃÜÂë×ÓAUG¿ªÊ¼£¬ÑØmRNA5¡¯¡ú3¡¯µÄ·½ÏòÁ¬ÐøÔĶÁÖ±µ½ÖÕÖ¹ÃÜÂë×Ó£¬Éú³ÉÒ»Ìõ¾ßÓÐÌض¨ÐòÁеĶàëÄÁ´¡£ Qq|c%FZ
mRNAÖÐÖ»ÓÐ4ÖÖºËÜÕËᣬ¶øµ°°×ÖÊÖÐÓÐ20ÖÖ°±»ùËᣬÈôÒÔÒ»ÖÖºËÜÕËá´ú±íÒ»ÖÖ°±»ùËᣬֻÄÜ´ú±í4ÖÖ(41=4)¡£ÈôÒÔÁ½ÖÖºËÜÕËá×÷Ϊһ¸öÃÜÂ루¶þÁª×Ó£©£¬ÄÜ´ú±í42=16ÖÖ°±»ùËá¡£¶ø¼Ù¶¨ÒÔ3¸öºËÜÕËá´ú±íÒ»¸ö°±»ùËᣬÔò¿ÉÒÔÓÐ43=64ÖÖÃÜÂ룬Âú×ãÁ˱àÂë20ÖÖ°±»ùËáµÄÐèÒª¡£ Ux!q(9<_
50-60Äê´úÆÆÒëÒÅ´«ÃÜÂë·½ÃæµÄÈýÏîÖØÒª³É¹û£º M(|6YF7u
£¨1£©Paul ZamecnikµÈÈË֤ʵϸ°ûÖе°°×Öʺϳɵij¡Ëù¡£ËûÃÇ°Ñ·ÅÉäÐÔ±ê¼ÇµÄ°±»ùËá×¢Éäµ½´óÊóÌåÄÚ£¬¾¹ýÒ»¶Îʱ¼äºóÊÕ»ñÆä¸ÎÔ࣬½øÐÐÕáÌÇÌݶȳÁµí²¢·ÖÎö¸÷ÖÖϸ°û³É·ÝÖеķÅÉäÐÔµ°°×ÖÊ¡£ ~_]i'ii8
Èç¹û×¢Éäºó¾ÊýСʱ£¨»òÊýÌ죩ÊÕ»ñ¸ÎÔ࣬ËùÓÐϸ°û³É·ÝÖж¼´øÓзÅÉäÐÔ±ê¼ÇµÄµ°°×ÖÊ; l:.q1UV
Èç¹û×¢Éäºó¼¸·ÖÖÓÄÚ¼´ÊÕ»ñ¸ÎÔ࣬ÄÇô£¬·ÅÉäÐÔ±ê¼ÇÖ»´æÔÚÓÚº¬ÓкËÌÇÌå¿ÅÁ£µÄϸ°ûÖʳɷÝÖС£ sJ>JHv
£¨2£©Francis CrickµÈÈ˵ÚÒ»´Î֤ʵֻÓÐÓÃÈýÁª×ÓÃÜÂëµÄÐÎʽ²ÅÄÜ°Ñ°üº¬ÔÚÓÉAUGCËĸö×Öĸ×é³ÉÒÅ´«ÐÅÏ¢£¨ºËËᣩ׼ȷÎÞÎóµØ·Òë³ÉÓÉ20ÖÖ²»Í¬°±»ùËá×é³ÉµÄµ°°×ÖÊÐòÁУ¬ÊµÏÖÒÅ´«ÐÅÏ¢µÄ±í´ï¡£ ~p!=w#/
ʵÑé1: @UK%l
:L
ÓÃß¹à¤ÀàÊÔ¼Á£¨ÓÕµ¼ºËÜÕËá²åÈë»ò¶ªÊ§£©´¦ÀíT4ÊɾúÌårIIλµãÉϵÄÁ½¸ö»ùÒò£¬Ê¹Ö®·¢ÉúÒÆÂëÍ»±ä£¨frame-shift£©£¬¾ÍÉú³ÉÍêÈ«²»Í¬µÄ¡¢Ã»Óй¦Äܵĵ°°×ÖÊ¡£ M/abd 7q
ʵÑé2: ul&}'jBr
Ñо¿Ñ̲ݻµËÀÎÀÐDz¡¶¾·¢ÏÖ£¬ÆäÍâ¿Çµ°°×ÑÇ»ùÓÉ400¸ö°±»ùËá×é³É£¬ÏàÓ¦µÄRNAƬ¶Î³¤1200¸öºËÜÕËᣬÓëÃÜÂëÈýÁª×ÓÌåϵÕýºÃÏàÎǺϡ£ tJa
*(%Z?f
ʵÑé3: sDZ
<XA
ÒÔ¾ù¾ÛÎïΪģ°åÖ¸µ¼¶àëĵĺϳɡ£ ÔÚº¬ÓÐtRNA¡¢ºËÌÇÌå¡¢AA-tRNAºÏ³Éø¼°ÆäËüµ°°×ÖÊÒò×ÓµÄϸ°û³éÌáÎïÖмÓÈëmRNA»òÈ˹¤ºÏ³ÉµÄ¾ù¾ÛÎï×÷Ϊģ°åÒÔ¼°ATP¡¢GTP¡¢°±»ùËáµÈ³É·ÖʱÓÖÄܺϳÉеÄëÄÁ´£¬ÐÂÉúëÄÁ´µÄ°±»ùËá˳ÐòÓÉÍâ¼ÓµÄÄ£°åÀ´¾ö¶¨¡£ *km!<L7Y
1961Ä꣬NirenbergµÈÒÔpoly£¨U£©×÷Ä£°åʱ·¢ÏֺϳÉÁ˶à¾Û±½±û°±Ëᣬ´Ó¶øÍƳöUUU´ú±í±½±û°±ËᣨPhe£©¡£ÒÔpoly£¨C£©¼°poly£¨A£©×öÄ£°å·Ö±ðµÃµ½¶à¾Û¸¬°±ËáºÍ¶à¾ÛÀµ°±Ëá¡£ +Y_]<
ʵÑé4: GTocN1,Z~a
ÒÔÌض¨ÐòÁеĹ²¾ÛÎïΪģ°åÖ¸µ¼¶àëĵĺϳɡ£ÒÔ¶à¾Û¶þºËÜÕËá×÷Ä£°å¿ÉºÏ³ÉÓÉ2¸ö°±»ùËá×é³ÉµÄ¶àëÄ£¬
:m[HUh
5¡¯¡UGU GUG UGU GUG UGU GUG¡3¡¯,²»¹Ü¶ÁÂë´ÓU¿ªÊ¼»¹ÊÇ´ÓG¿ªÊ¼£¬¶¼Ö»ÄÜÓÐUGU£¨Cys£©¼°GUG£¨Val£©Á½ÖÖÃÜÂë×Ó¡£ peZ'sZ 6
ʵÑé5: "+Kp8n6
ÒÔ¹²¾ÛÈýºËÜÕËá×÷Ϊģ°å¿ÉµÃµ½ÓÐ3ÖÖ°±»ùËá×é³ÉµÄ¶àëÄ¡£ÈçÒÔ¶à¾Û£¨UUC£©ÎªÄ£°å£¬¿ÉÄÜÓÐ3ÖÖÆð¶Á·½Ê½£º XE`u
5¡¯¡UUC UUC UUC UUC UUC¡3¡¯»ò 5¡¯¡UCU UCU UCU UCU UCU¡3¡¯»ò 5¡¯¡CUU CUU CUU CUU CUU¡3¡¯·Ö±ð²úÉúUUC£¨Phe£©¡¢UCU£¨Ser£©»òCUU£¨Leu£©. ]^6r7nfR6|
¶à¾ÛÈýºËÜÕËáΪģ°åʱҲ¿ÉÄÜÖ»ºÏ³É2ÖÖ¶àëÄ£º5¡¯¡GUA GUA GUA GUA GUA¡3¡¯»ò5¡¯¡UAG UAG UAG UAG UAG¡3¡¯ m4@Lml+B,
»ò5¡¯¡AGU AGU AGU AGU AGU¡3¡¯ÓɵڶþÖÖ¶ÁÂ뷽ʽ²úÉúµÄÃÜÂë×ÓUAGÊÇÖÕÖ¹ÃÜÂ룬²»±àÂëÈκΰ±»ùËᣬÒò´Ë£¬Ö»²úÉúGUA£¨Val£©»òAGU£¨Ser£©¡£ w?JM;'<AYQ
ʵÑé6: Q-} cB
ÒÔËæ»ú¶à¾ÛÎïÖ¸µ¼¶àëĺϳɡ£NirenbergµÈ¼°OchoaµÈÓÖÓø÷ÖÖËæ»úµÄ¶à¾ÛÎï×÷Ä£°åºÏ³É¶àëÄ¡£ÀýÈ磬ÒÔÖ»º¬A¡¢CµÄ¶à¾ÛºËÜÕËá×÷Ä£°å£¬ÈÎÒâÅÅÁÐʱ¿É³öÏÖ8ÖÖÈýÁª×Ó£¬¼´CCC¡¢CCA¡¢CAC¡¢ACC¡¢CAA¡¢ACA¡¢AAC¡¢AAA£¬»ñµÃÓÉAsn¡¢His¡¢Pro¡¢Gln¡¢Thr¡¢LysµÈ6ÖÖ°±»ùËá×é³ÉµÄ¶àëÄ¡£ +ZJ1> n
Ewa/6=]LA
£¨3£©°±»ùËáµÄ¡°»î»¯¡±ÓëºËÌÇÌå½áºÏ¼¼Êõ¡£ c9ea%7o{0a
Èç¹û°Ñ°±»ùËáÓëATPºÍ¸ÎÔàϸ°ûÖʹ²ÅàÑø£¬°±»ùËá¾Í»á±»¹Ì¶¨ÔÚijЩÈÈÎȶ¨ÇÒ¿ÉÈÜÐÔRNA·Ö×Ó£¨transfer RNA£¬tRNA£©ÉÏ¡£ÏÖ½«°±»ùËá»î»¯ºóµÄ²úÎï³ÆΪ°±»ùõ£-tRNA£¨aminoacyl-tRNA£©£¬²¢°Ñ´ß»¯¸Ã¹ý³ÌµÄø³ÆΪ°±»ùõ£ºÏ³Éø£¨aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetase£©¡£ "3$P<Q\;l;
ÒÔÈ˹¤ºÏ³ÉµÄÈýºËÜÕËáÈçUUU¡¢UCU¡¢UGUµÈΪģ°å£¬ÔÚº¬ºËÌÇÌå¡¢AA-tRNAµÄ·´Ó¦ÒºÖб£Îºóͨ¹ýÏõËáÏËάËØÂËĤ£¬Ö»ÓÐÓÎÀëµÄAA-tRNAÒòÏà¶Ô·Ö×ÓÖÊÁ¿Ð¡¶øͨ¹ýÂËĤ£¬¶øºËÌÇÌå»òÓëºËÌÇÌå½áºÏµÄAA-tRNAÔòÁôÔÚÂËĤÉÏ£¬ÕâÑù¿É°ÑÒѽáºÏÓëδ½áºÏµÄAA-tRNA·Ö¿ª¡£ Fvr$K*u
µ±ÌåϵÖдøÓжà¾ÛºËÜÕËáÄ£°åʱ£¬´Ó´ó³¦¸Ë¾úÖÐÌáÈ¡µÄºËÌÇÌå¾³£ÓëÌØÒìÐÔ°±»ùõ£-tRNAÏà½áºÏ¡£Èç¹û°ÑºËÌÇÌåÓëpoly£¨U£©ºÍPhe-tRNAPhe¹²ÎÂÓý£¬ºËÌÇÌå¾ÍÄÜͬʱÓëpoly£¨U£©ºÍPhe-tRNAPheÏà½áºÏ¡£ swfjKBfw+g
4ÖÖºËÜÕËá×é³É61¸ö±àÂë°±»ùËáµÄÃÜÂë×ÓºÍ3¸öÖÕÖ¹ÃÜÂë×Ó£¬ËüÃDz»ÄÜÓëtRNAµÄ·´ÃÜÂë×ÓÅä¶Ô£¬µ«Äܱ»ÖÕÖ¹Òò×Ó»òÊÍ·ÅÒò×Óʶ±ð£¬ÖÕÖ¹ëÄÁ´µÄºÏ³É¡£ÓÉÒ»ÖÖÒÔÉÏÃÜÂë×Ó±àÂëͬһ¸ö°±»ùËáµÄÏÖÏó³ÆΪ¼ò²¢£¨degeneracy£©£¬¶ÔÓ¦ÓÚͬһ°±»ùËáµÄÃÜÂë×Ó³ÆΪͬÒåÃÜÂë×Ó£¨synonymous codon£©¡£ jyFKO[s\X
:+v4,=fHy
Èý£®ÃÜÂë×Ӻͷ´ÃÜÂë×ÓµÄÏ໥×÷Óà jJK@i\bU_
µ°°×ÖÊÉúÎïºÏ³É¹ý³ÌÖУ¬tRNAµÄ·´ÃÜÂë×Óͨ¹ý¼î»ùµÄ·´ÏòÅä¶ÔÓëmRNAµÄÃÜÂë×ÓÏ໥×÷Óá£1966Ä꣬Crick¸ù¾ÝÁ¢Ì廯ѧÔÀíÌá³ö°Ú¶¯¼Ù˵£¨wobble hypothesis£©£¬½âÊÍÁË·´ÃÜÂë×ÓÖÐijЩϡÓгɷÖÈçIÒÔ¼°Ðí¶àÓÐ2¸öÒÔÉÏͬԴÃÜÂë×ÓµÄÅä¶ÔÎÊÌâ¡£ tKCX0UZ'
Wobble hypothesis v9GfudTZR
¢Ù ÈÎÒâÒ»¸öÃÜÂë×ÓµÄÇ°Á½Î»¼î»ù¶¼ÓëtRNA anticodonÖеÄÏàÓ¦¼î»ùÐγÉWatson-Crick¼î»ùÅä¶Ô¡£ V?r(; x
¢Ú ·´ÃÜÂë×ÓµÚһλÊÇA»òCʱ£¬Ö»ÄÜʶ±ðÒ»¸öÃÜÂë×Ó¡£µ±·´ÃÜÂë×ÓµÚһλÊÇU»òGʱ£¬ÄÜʶ±ðÁ½¸öÃÜÂë×Ó¡£µ±Inosine£¨I£©×÷Ϊ·´ÃÜÂë×ÓµÚһλʱ£¬ÄÜʶ±ðÈý¸öÃÜÂë×Ó¡£ Gxw>.O){
¢Û Èç¹ûÊý¸öÃÜÂë×Óͬʱ±àÂëÒ»¸ö°±»ùËᣬ·²ÊǵÚÒ»¡¢¶þλ¼î»ù²»ÏàͬµÄÃÜÂë×Ó¶¼¶ÔÓ¦ÓÚ¸÷×ÔµÄtRNA¡£
Y.#:l<
¢Ü ¸ù¾ÝÉÏÊö¹æÔò£¬ÖÁÉÙÐèÒª32ÖÖ²»Í¬µÄtRNA²ÅÄÜ·Òë61¸öÃÜÂë×Ó¡£ PcEE@W9
\os"j
ËÄ£®tRNA ;BW-ag \9
tRNAÔÚµ°°×ÖʺϳÉÖд¦ÓڹؼüµØ룬±»³ÆΪµÚ¶þÒÅ´«ÃÜÂë¡£Ëü²»µ«Îª½«Ã¿¸öÈýÁª×ÓÃÜÂë·Òë³É°±»ùËáÌṩÁ˽ӺÏÌ壬»¹Îª×¼È·ÎÞÎóµØ½«ËùÐè°±»ùËáÔËË͵½ºËÌÇÌåÉÏÌṩÁËÔØÌå¡£ËùÓеÄtRNA¶¼Äܹ»ÓëºËÌÇÌåµÄPλµãºÍAλµã½áºÏ£¬´Ëʱ£¬tRNA·Ö×ÓÈýÒ¶²ÝÐͶ¥¶ËÍ»Æð²¿Î»Í¨¹ýÃÜÂë×Ó£º·´ÃÜÂë×ÓµÄÅä¶ÔÓëmRNAÏà½áºÏ£¬¶øÆä3¡¯Ä©¶ËÇ¡ºÃ½«ËùתÔ˵ݱ»ùËáË͵½ÕýÔÚÑÓÉìµÄ¶àëÄÉÏ¡£´ú±íÏàͬ°±»ùËáµÄtRNA³ÆΪͬ¹¤tRNA¡£ÔÚÒ»¸öͬ¹¤tRNA×éÄÚ£¬ËùÓÐtRNA¾ùרһÓÚÏàͬµÄ°±»ùõ£- tRNAºÏ³Éø¡£ xP5Z -eL
1¡¢tRNAµÄÈýÒ¶²ÝÐͶþ¼¶½á¹¹ qFwAzW;"
ÊÜÌå±Û£¨acceptor arm£©Ö÷ÒªÓÉÁ´Á½¶ËÐòÁмî»ùÅä¶ÔÐγɵĸË×´½á¹¹ºÍ3¡¯¶ËÄ©Åä¶ÔµÄ3-4¸ö¼î»ùËù×é³É£¬Æä3¡¯¶ËµÄ×îºó3¸ö¼î»ùÐòÁÐÓÀÔ¶ÊÇCCA£¬×îºóÒ»¸ö¼î»ùµÄ3¡¯»ò2¡¯×ÔÓÉôÇ»ù£¨¡ªOH£©¿ÉÒÔ±»°±õ£»¯¡£T¦ÕC±ÛÊǸù¾Ý3¸öºËÜÕËáÃüÃûµÄ£¬ÆäÖЦձíʾÄâÄòà×ण¬ÊÇtRNA·Ö×ÓËùÓµÓеIJ»³£¼ûºËÜÕËá¡£·´ÃÜÂë×Ó±ÛÊǸù¾ÝλÓÚÌ×Ë÷ÖÐÑëµÄÈýÁª·´ÃÜÂë×ÓÃüÃûµÄ¡£D±ÛÊǸù¾ÝËüº¬ÓжþÇâÄòà×ण¨dihydrouracil£©ÃüÃûµÄ¡£ Wo,fHY
×î³£¼ûµÄtRNA·Ö×ÓÓÐ76¸ö¼î»ù£¬Ïà¶Ô·Ö×ÓÖÊÁ¿Ô¼Îª2.5¡Á104¡£²»Í¬µÄtRNA·Ö×Ó¿ÉÓÐ74-95¸öºËÜÕËá²»µÈ£¬tRNA·Ö×Ó³¤¶ÈµÄ²»Í¬Ö÷ÒªÊÇÓÉÆäÖеÄÁ½ÌõÊÖ±ÛÒýÆðµÄ¡£tRNAµÄÏ¡Óмî»ùº¬Á¿·Ç³£·á¸»£¬Ô¼ÓÐ70ÓàÖÖ¡£Ã¿¸ötRNA·Ö×ÓÖÁÉÙº¬ÓÐ2¸öÏ¡Óмî»ù£¬×î¶àÓÐ19¸ö£¬¶àÊý·Ö²¼ÔÚ·ÇÅä¶ÔÇø£¬ÌرðÊÇÔÚ·´ÃÜÂë×Ó3¡¯¶ËÁÚ½ü²¿Î»³öÏÖµÄƵÂÊ×î¸ß£¬ÇÒ´ó¶àΪàÑßʺËÜÕËá¡£Õâ¶ÔÓÚά³Ö·´ÃÜÂë×Ó»·µÄÎȶ¨ÐÔ¼°ÃÜÂë×Ó¡¢·´ÃÜÂë×ÓÖ®¼äµÄÅä¶ÔÊǺÜÖØÒªµÄ¡£ ;*>':-4
2£®tRNAµÄLÐÎÈý¼¶½á¹¹ nzl3<Ar
½ÍĸºÍ´ó³¦¸Ë¾útRNAµÄÈý¼¶½á¹¹¶¼³ÊLÐÎÕÛµþʽ¡£ÕâÖֽṹÊÇ¿¿Çâ¼üÀ´Î¬³ÖµÄ£¬tRNAµÄÈý¼¶½á¹¹ÓëAA- tRNAºÏ³ÉøµÄʶ±ðÓйء£ÊÜÌå±ÛºÍT¦ÕC±ÛµÄ¸Ë×´ÇøÓò¹¹³ÉÁ˵ÚÒ»¸öË«ÂÝÐý£¬D±ÛºÍ·´ÃÜÂë×ӱ۵ĸË×´ÇøÓòÐγÉÁ˵ڶþ¸öË«ÂÝÐý¡£ zxy/V^mu
tRNAµÄLÐθ߼¶½á¹¹·´Ó³ÁËÆäÉúÎïѧ¹¦ÄÜ£¬ÒòΪËüÉÏËùÔËÔصݱ»ùËá±ØÐë¿¿½üλÓÚºËÌÇÌå´óÑÇ»ùÉϵĶàëĺϳÉλµã£¬¶øËüµÄ·´ÃÜÂë×Ó±ØÐëÓëСÑÇ»ùÉϵÄmRNAÏàÅä¶Ô£¬ËùÒÔÁ½¸ö²»Í¬µÄ¹¦ÄÜ»ùÍÅ×î´óÏ޶ȷÖÀë¡£ f"d4HZD^
3£®tRNAµÄ¹¦ÄÜ T%@qlEmf
ת¼¹ý³ÌÊÇÐÅÏ¢´ÓÒ»ÖÖºËËá·Ö×Ó£¨DNA£©×ªÒÆÖÁÁíÒ»ÖֽṹÉϼ«ÎªÏàËƵĺËËá·Ö×Ó£¨RNA£©µÄ¹ý³Ì£¬ÐÅϢתÒÆ¿¿µÄÊǼî»ùÅä¶Ô¡£·Òë½×¶ÎÒÅ´«ÐÅÏ¢´ÓmRNA·Ö×ÓתÒƵ½½á¹¹¼«²»ÏàͬµÄµ°°×ÖÊ·Ö×Ó£¬ÐÅÏ¢ÊÇÒÔÄܱ»·Òë³Éµ¥¸ö°±»ùËáµÄÈýÁª×ÓÃÜÂëÐÎʽ´æÔڵģ¬ÔÚÕâÀïÆð×÷ÓõÄÊǽâÂë»úÖÆ¡£ o(Q='kK
4£®tRNAµÄÖÖÀà
$j'8Z^
£¨1£©ÆðʼtRNAºÍÑÓÉìtRNA ;s w3MRJ
ÄÜÌØÒìµØʶ±ðmRNAÄ£°åÉÏÆðʼÃÜÂë×ÓµÄtRNA½ÐÆðʼtRNA£¬ÆäËûtRNAͳ³ÆΪÑÓÉìtRNA¡£ÔºËÉúÎïÆðʼtRNAЯ´ø¼×õ£¼×Áò°±ËᣨfMet£©£¬ÕæºËÉúÎïÆðʼtRNAЯ´ø¼×Áò°±ËᣨMet£©¡£ pTE.,~-J^j
£¨2£©Í¬¹¤tRNA l/6(V:
´ú±íͬһÖÖ°±»ùËáµÄtRNA³ÆΪͬ¹¤tRNA£¬Í¬¹¤tRNA¼ÈÒªÓв»Í¬µÄ·´ÃÜÂë×ÓÒÔʶ±ð¸Ã°±»ùËáµÄ¸÷ÖÖͬÒåÃÜÂ룬ÓÖÒªÓÐijÖֽṹÉϵĹ²Í¬ÐÔ£¬Äܱ»AA- tRNAºÏ³Éøʶ±ð¡£ d^G5Pq
£¨3£©Ð£ÕýtRNA 0T<DHPQ1
УÕýtRNA·ÖΪÎÞÒåÍ»±ä¼°´íÒåÍ»±äУÕý¡£ E)%r}4u>
ÔÚµ°°×ÖʵĽṹ»ùÒòÖУ¬Ò»¸öºËÜÕËáµÄ¸Ä±ä¿ÉÄÜʹ´ú±íij¸ö°±»ùËáµÄÃÜÂë×Ó±ä³ÉÖÕÖ¹ÃÜÂë×Ó£¨UAG¡¢UGA¡¢UAA£©£¬Ê¹µ°°×ÖʺϳÉÌáÇ°ÖÕÖ¹£¬ºÏ³ÉÎÞ¹¦ÄܵĻòÎÞÒâÒåµÄ¶àëÄ£¬ÕâÖÖÍ»±ä¾Í³ÆΪÎÞÒåÍ»±ä¡£ Wf9K+my
+KHk`2{y~
Î壮AA- tRNAºÏ³Éø ÊÇÒ»Àà´ß»¯°±»ùËáÓëtRNA½áºÏµÄÌØÒìÐÔø£¬Æ䷴ӦʽÈçÏ£º {>zQW{!
Ëüʵ¼ÊÉÏ°üÀ¨Á½²½·´Ó¦£º 8@BN
6
µÚÒ»²½ÊÇ°±»ùËá»î»¯Éú³Éø-°±»ùõ£ÏÙÜÕËḴºÏÎï¡£ TuMD+^x
AA+ATP+ø£¨E£©¡úE-AA-AMP+PPi LO;Z3Q>#0
µÚ¶þ²½ÊÇ°±õ£»ùתÒƵ½tRNA 3¡¯Ä©¶ËÏÙÜղлùÉÏ£¬ÓëÆä2¡¯»ò3¡¯-ôÇ»ù½áºÏ¡£ IjrjLp[z$
E-AA-AMP+ tRNA¡úAA- tRNA +E+AMP 42 &m)
µ°°×ÖʺϳɵÄÕæʵÐÔÖ÷Òª¾ö¶¨ÓÚAA- tRNAºÏ³ÉøÊÇ·ñÄÜʹ°±»ùËáÓë¶ÔÓ¦µÄtRNAÏà½áºÏ¡£AA-tRNAºÏ³Éø¼ÈÒªÄÜʶ±ðtRNA£¬ÓÖÒªÄÜʶ±ð°±»ùËᣬËü¶ÔÁ½Õ߶¼¾ßÓи߶ȵÄרһÐÔ¡£²»Í¬µÄtRNAÓв»Í¬¼î»ù×é³ÉºÍ¿Õ¼ä½á¹¹£¬ÈÝÒ×±»tRNAºÏ³ÉøËùʶ±ð£¬À§ÄѵÄÊÇÕâЩøÈçºÎʶ±ð½á¹¹ÉϷdz£ÏàËƵݱ»ùËá¡£ tzSg`7H!
ÓÐÁ½µÀ¹Ø¿Ú: ARa9Ia{@
The first filter is the initial binding of the amino acid to the enzyme and its activation to aminoacyl-AMP. GoRSLbCUR
The second filter is the binding of incorrect aminoacyl-AMP products to a separate active site on the enzyme. qh~S)^zFJ
Czt>?8x`
ºËÌÇÌåÏñÒ»¸öÄÜÑØmRNAÄ£°åÒƶ¯µÄ¹¤³§£¬Ö´ÐÐ×ŵ°°×ÖʺϳɵŦÄÜ¡£ËüÊÇÓɼ¸Ê®ÖÖµ°°×Öʺͼ¸ÖÖºËÌÇÌåRNA£¨ribosomal RNA£¬rRNA£©×é³ÉµÄÑÇϸ°û¿ÅÁ£¡£Ò»¸öϸ¾úϸ°ûÄÚÔ¼ÓÐ20000¸öºËÌÇÌ壬¶øÕæºËϸ°ûÄÚ¿É´ï106¸ö£¬ÔÚδ³ÉÊìµÄó¸òÜÂÑϸ°ûÄÚÔò¸ß´ï1012¡£ºËÌÇÌåºÍËüµÄ¸¨ÖúÒò×ÓΪµ°°×ÖʺϳÉÌṩÁ˱ØÒªÌõ¼þ¡£ .[hbiv#
m/>z}d05h
1.ºËÌÇÌåµÄ×é³É jBnvu@K "
ÔºËÉúÎïºËÌÇÌåÓÉÔ¼2/3µÄRNA¼°1/3µÄµ°°×ÖÊ×é³É¡£ÕæºËÉúÎïºËÌÇÌåÖÐRNAÕ¼3/5£¬µ°°×ÖÊÕ¼2/5¡£ºËÌÇÌåÊÇÒ»¸öÖÂÃܵĺËÌǺ˵°°×¿ÅÁ££¬¿ÉÒÔ½âÀëΪÁ½¸öÑÇ»ù£¬Ã¿¸öÑÇ»ù¶¼º¬ÓÐÒ»¸öÏà¶Ô·Ö×ÓÖÊÁ¿½Ï´óµÄrRNAºÍÐí¶à²»Í¬µÄµ°°×ÖÊ·Ö×Ó¡£ cT,5xp"a
´ó³¦¸Ë¾úºËÌÇÌåСÑÇ»ùÓÉ21ÖÖµ°°×ÖÊ×é³É£¬·Ö±ðÓÃS1¡¡S21±íʾ£¬´óÑÇ»ùÓÉ33ÖÖµ°°×ÖÊ×é³É£¬·Ö±ðÓÃL1¡¡L33±íʾ¡£ÕæºËÉúÎïϸ°ûºËÌÇÌå´óÑÇ»ùº¬ÓÐ49ÖÖµ°°×ÖÊ£¬Ð¡ÑÇ»ùÓÐ33ÖÖµ°°×ÖÊ¡£ bhc
.UmH
2¡¢rRNA 4XsKOv
3.ºËÌÇÌåµÄ¹¦ÄÜ 2=ZZR8v
ºËÌÇÌå°üÀ¨ÖÁÉÙ5¸ö»îÐÔÖÐÐÄ£¬¼´mRNA½áºÏ²¿Î»¡¢½áºÏ»ò½ÓÊÜAA- tRNA²¿Î»£¨A룩¡¢½áºÏ»ò½ÓÊÜëÄ»ùtRNAµÄ²¿Î»¡¢ëÄ»ùתÒƲ¿Î»£¨P룩¼°ÐγÉëļüµÄ²¿Î»£¨×ªëÄøÖÐÐÄ£©£¬´ËÍ⻹ÓиºÔðëÄÁ´ÑÓÉìµÄ¸÷ÖÖÑÓÉìÒò×ӵĽáºÏλµã¡£Ð¡ÑÇ»ùÉÏÓµÓÐmRNA½áºÏλµã£¬¸ºÔð¶ÔÐòÁÐÌØÒìµÄʶ±ð¹ý³Ì£¬ÈçÆðʼλµãµÄʶ±ðºÍÃÜÂë×ÓÓë·´ÃÜÂë×ÓµÄÏ໥×÷ÓᣴóÑÇ»ù¸ºÔð°±»ùËá¼°tRNAЯ´øµÄ¹¦ÄÜ£¬ÈçëļüµÄÐγɡ¢AA- tRNA¡¢ëÄ»ù- tRNAµÄ½áºÏµÈ¡£Aλ¡¢Pλ¡¢×ªëÄøÖÐÐĵÈÖ÷ÒªÔÚ´óÑÇ»ùÉÏ¡£ sXm,y$\m
ºËÌÇÌå¿É½âÀëΪÑÇ»ù»ò½áºÏ³É70S/80S¿ÅÁ£¡£·ÒëµÄÆðʼ½×¶ÎÐèÒªÓÎÀëµÄÑÇ»ù£¬Ëæºó²Å½áºÏ³É70S/80S¿ÅÁ££¬¼ÌÐø·Òë½ø³Ì¡£ÌåÍâ·´Ó¦ÌåϵÖУ¬ºËÌÇÌåµÄ½âÀë»ò½áºÏÈ¡¾öÓÚMg2+Àë×ÓŨ¶È¡£Ôڴ󳦸˾úÄÚ£¬Mg2+Ũ¶ÈÔÚ10-3mol/LÒÔÏÂʱ£¬70S½âÀëΪÑÇ»ù£¬Å¨¶È´ï10-2mol/LʱÔòÐγÉÎȶ¨µÄ70S¿ÅÁ£¡£Ï¸°ûÖдó¶àÊýºËÌÇÌå´¦ÓÚ·Ç»îÐÔµÄÎȶ¨×´Ì¬£¬µ¥¶À´æÔÚ£¬Ö»ÓÐÉÙÊýÓëmRNAÒ»ÆðÐγɶà¾ÛºËÌÇÌå¡£Ëü´ÓmRNAµÄ5¡¯Ä©¶ËÏò3¡¯Ä©¶ËÔĶÁÃÜÂë×Ó£¬ÖÁÖÕÖ¹×ÓʱºÏ³ÉÒ»ÌõÍêÕûµÄ¶àëÄÁ´¡£mRNAÉϺËÌÇÌåµÄ¶àÉÙÊÓmRNAµÄ³¤¶Ì¶ø¶¨£¬Ò»°ã40¸öºËÜÕËáÓÐÒ»¸öºËÌÇÌå¡£ pm~uWXqxr=
SPU_@ Pk
Æß. ÐÅʹºËÌǺËËá @&E{
L
mRNA messenger ribonucleic acidDNA deoxyribonucleic acid. Y]!{
nW
ËäÈ»mRNAÔÚËùÓÐϸ°ûÄÚÖ´ÐÐ×ÅÏàͬµÄ¹¦ÄÜ£¬¼´Í¨¹ýÈýÁª×ÓÃÜÂë·ÒëÉú³Éµ°°×ÖÊ£¬ÆäÉúÎïºÏ³ÉµÄ¾ßÌå¹ý³ÌºÍ³ÉÊìmRNAµÄ½á¹¹ÔÚԺ˺ÍÕæºËÉúÎïϸ°ûÄÚÊDz»Í¬µÄ¡£ %$.]g
7SpF&
°Ë¡¢µ°°×ÖʵÄÉúÎïºÏ³É 4Js9"<w
ºËÌÇÌåÊǵ°°×Öʺϳɵij¡Ëù£¬mRNAÊǵ°°×ÖʺϳɵÄÄ£°å£¬tRNAÊÇÄ£°åÓë°±»ùËáÖ®¼äµÄ½ÓºÏÌå¡£´ËÍ⣬ÓÐ20ÖÖÒÔÉϵÄAA-tRNA¼°ºÏ³Éø¡¢10¶àÖÖÆðʼÒò×Ó¡¢ÑÓÉìÒò×Ó¼°ÖÕÖ¹Òò×Ó£¬30¶àÖÖtRNA¼°¸÷ÖÖrRNA¡¢mRNAºÍ100ÖÖÒÔÉÏ·Òëºó¼Ó¹¤Ã¸²ÎÓëµ°°×Öʺϳɺͼӹ¤¹ý³Ì¡£ wa}\bNKQk
µ°°×ÖʺϳÉÏûºÄÁËϸ°ûÖÐ90%×óÓÒÓÃÓÚÉúÎïºÏ³É·´Ó¦µÄÄÜÁ¿¡£Ï¸¾úϸ°ûÖеÄ2Íò¸öºËÌÇÌ壬10Íò¸öµ°°×ÖÊÒò×ÓºÍ20Íò¸ötRNAs Ô¼Õ¼´ó³¦¸Ë¾ú¸ÉÖصÄ35%¡£ 2t7Hu)V
Ôڴ󳦸˾úÖкϳÉÒ»¸ö100¸ö°±»ùËáµÄ¶àëÄÖ»Ðè5·ÖÖÓ¡£ )./'`Mx?
_&
qM^
1.µ°°×ÖÊÉúÎïºÏ³ÉµÄÖ÷Òª²½Ö裺 d)7V:
·ÒëµÄÆðʼ¡ª¡ªºËÌÇÌåÓëmRNA½áºÏ²¢Óë°±»ùõ£-tRNAÉú³ÉÆðʼ¸´ºÏÎï¡£ëÄÁ´µÄÑÓÉ졪¡ªºËÌÇÌåÑØmRNA5¡¯¶ËÏò3¡¯¶ËÒƶ¯£¬µ¼Ö´ÓN¶ËÏòC¶ËµÄ¶àëĺϳɡ£ëÄÁ´µÄÖÕÖ¹ÒÔ¼°ëÄÁ´µÄÊÍ·Å¡ª¡ªºËÌÇÌå´ÓmRNAÉϽâÀ룬׼±¸ÐÂÒ»Âֺϳɷ´Ó¦¡£ 60u}iiC@
Ö÷Òª·ÖΪÎå²½ `:fc*n,*
1¡¢ Activation of Amino Acids (This reaction takes place in the cytosol, not on the ribosome). yhi6RDS
2¡¢ Initiation. The mRNA bearing the code for the polypeptide binds to the small ribosomal subunit and to the initiating aminoacyl-tRNA. X#!oG)or
3¡¢Elongation. Peptide bonds are formed in this stage. ;'x\L<b/)
4¡¢Termination and Release. Completion of the polypeptide chain is signaled by a termination codon in the mRNA. @hE$x-TP0
5¡¢Folding and Post translational Processing. t6H9Q>*
ëÄÁ´ÑÓÉì·ÖΪÈý²½ O-ZB4hN8
¢Ù Binding of an incoming aminoacyl-tRNA. (ON_(MN
¢Ú Peptide bond formation. v<qiu>sbz}
¢Û Translocation. ?
m$7)@p
?NL>xMA
2.Óëµ°°×ÖʺϳÉÓйصÄÒò×Ó }4n?k'_s?
ÆðʼÒò×ÓInitiation factor£¨IF£©ÑÓÉìÒò×ÓElongation factor£¨EF£©ÖÕÖ¹Òò×Ó¡£ÔºËÖÐÓÐRF1-3¡£RF-1 ʶ±ð UAAºÍUAG; RF-2 ʶ±ð UAAºÍUGA; RF-3 ½öÄÜ´Ù½øRF-1ºÍRF-2µÄ¹¦ÄÜ¡£ÖÕÖ¹Òò×ÓÐÐʹ¹¦ÄÜʱÐèÒªGTP¡£ÕæºËÉúÎïÖÐÖ»ÓÐÒ»¸öRF£¬ÄÜʶ±ð3¸öÖÕÖ¹×Ó¡£ )~X*&(7RR}
"/-T{p;.
3¡¢µ°°×ÖʺϳɵÄÆðʼ C/!c? $J
µ°°×ÖʺϳɵÄÆðʼ¸´ºÏÎï: oqOXRUy
30S ºËÌÇÌåСÑÇ»ù jGtoc,\X
Ä£°åmRNA (y xrK
fMet-tRNAfMet *&vySyt
ÆðʼÒò×Ó 1JU1X
Qi
GTP h*qoe(+ZD
50S ºËÌÇÌå´óÑÇ»ù :%?\Wj5HW
Mg2+ Hlw0ia
ºÏ³ÉµÄÆðʼ¿É·ÖΪÈý²½: ]eJjffx
1¡¢30S ºËÌÇÌåСÑÇ»ùÓëÆðʼÒò×ÓIF ¨C1ºÍIF-3Ïà½áºÏ£¬ÓÕ·¢Ä£°åmRNAÓëСÑÇ»ù½áºÏ¡£ tilL7
2¡¢ÓÉ30S СÑÇ»ù¡¢ÆðʼÒò×ÓIF ¨C1ºÍIF-3¼°Ä£°åmRNAËù×é³ÉµÄ¸´ºÏÎïÁ¢¼´ÓëGTP-IF-2¼°fMet-tRNAfMetÏà½áºÏ¡£·´ÃÜÂë×ÓÓëÃÜÂë×ÓÅä¶Ô¡£ /!*gH1s
3¡¢ÉÏÊöÁù×é·Ö¸´ºÏÎïÔÙÓë50S´óÑÇ»ù½áºÏ£¬Ë®½âGTPÉú³É²¢ÊÍ·ÅGDPºÍPi¡£ÊÍ·ÅÈý¸öÆðʼÒò×Ó¡£ T&2aNkuG
A~!3svJW
±í27-9 ÕæºËϸ°ûÖвÎÓë·ÒëÆðʼµÄµ°°×ÖÊÒò×Ó¼°Æ书ÄÜ I\0mmdi73
q?=eD^]
ÕæºËÒò×Ó ¹¦ÄÜ 7b2N'^z}
eIF2 ´Ù½øMet-tRNAMetÓëºËÌÇÌå40SСÑÇ»ù½áºÏ¡£ pEjA*6v|,
eIF2B 3huTT"G
eIF3 nx(O]R,Sw
ÊÇ×îÔçÓëºËÌÇÌå40SСÑÇ»ù½áºÏµÄ´Ù½øÒò×Ó£¬µ°°×Öʺϳɷ´Ó¦µÄÕý³£½øÐС£ %EuXL% B
eIF4A ¾ßÓÐRNA½âÐýø»îÐÔ£¬½â³ýmRNAÄ£°åµÄ´Î¼¶½á¹¹²¢Ê¹Ö®Óë40SСÑÇ»ù½áºÏ£¬ÐγÉeIF4F¸´ºÏÎï¡£ _J51:pi
eIF4B ÓëmRNAÄ£°åÏà½áºÏ£¬ÐÖúºËÌÇÌåɨÃèÄ£°åÐòÁУ¬¶¨Î»AUG¡£ T#1>pED
eIF4E ÓëmRNA 5¡¯µÄñ×ӽṹÏà½áºÏ£¬ÐγÉeIF4F¸´ºÏÎï¡£ xi6Fs, 2S
eIF4G ÓëeIF4EºÍpoly£¨A£©½áºÏµ°°×£¨PAB£©Ïà½áºÏ£¬ÐγÉeIF4F¸´ºÏÎï¡£ nD\X3g`V
eIF5 ´Ùʹ¶à¸öµ°°×Òò×ÓÓë40SСÑÇ»ù½âÌ壬ÒÔ´Ë°ïÖú´óСÑÇ»ù½áºÏÐγÉ80ºËÌÇÌ壬ÐγɷÒëÆðʼ¸´ºÏÎï¡£ ;mXr])J
eIF6 ´Ù½øûÓе°°×ÖʺϳɻîÐÔµÄ80SºËÌÇÌå½âÀë³É40SºÍ60SÁ½¸öÑÇ»ù¡£ 89B1\ff
EiY i<Z_S
¡¡4¡¢ëÄÁ´µÄÑÓÉì 13]sZ([B%|
ëÄÁ´ÑÓÉìµÄ»ù±¾ÒªÇóÊÇ £º Te"<.0~1
ÓÐÍêÕûµÄÆðʼ¸´ºÏÎ j.GpJDq
Óа±»ùõ£-tRNA£¬ 2#nn}HEOC
ÓÐÑÓÉìÒò×ÓEF-Tu, EF-TsºÍEF-G£¬ $4V ~hI4
ÓÐGTP¡£ A"V3g`dP
63QSYn,t
ëÄÁ´ÑÓÉìÒ²¿É±»·ÖΪÈý²½£º HFwT
µÚÒ»²½£¬ÓëнøÀ´µÄ°±»ùõ£-tRNAÏà½áºÏ¡£°±»ùõ£-tRNAÊ×ÏȱØÐëÓëGTP-EF-Tu¸´ºÏÎïÏà½áºÏ£¬Ðγɰ±»ùõ£-tRNA-GTP-EF-Tu¸´ºÏÎï²¢Óë70SÖеÄAλµãÏà½áºÏ¡£´Ëʱ£¬GTPË®½â²¢ÊÍ·ÅGDP-EF-Tu¸´ºÏÎï¡£ )gNHD?4x
µÚ¶þ²½£¬ëļüÐγɡ£ ëļüÐγÉÖ®³õ£¬Á½¸ö°±»ùËáÈÔÈ»·Ö±ðÓë¸÷×ÔµÄtRNAÏà½áºÏ£¬ÈÔÈ»·Ö±ðλÓÚAλµãºÍPλµãÉÏ¡£AλµãÉϵݱ»ùËᣨµÚ¶þ¸ö°±»ùËᣩÖеĦÁ-°±»ù×÷ΪÇ׺˻ùÍÅÈ¡´úÁËPλµãÉϵÄtRNA£¬²¢ÓëÆðʼ°±»ùËáÖеÄCOOH»ùÍÅÐγÉëļü¡£±¾·´Ó¦¿ÉÄÜÓÉpeptidyl transferase ´ß»¯¡£ A+j~oR
µÚÈý²½£¬ÒÆ루translocation£©¡£ ºËÌÇÌåÏòmRNAµÄ3¡¯·½ÏòÒƶ¯Ò»¸öÃÜÂë×Ó£¬Ê¹µÃ´øÓеڶþ¸ö°±»ùËᣨÏÖÒѳÉΪ¶þëÄ£©µÄtRNA´ÓAλ½øÈëP룬²¢Ê¹µÚÒ»¸ötRNA´ÓPλ½øÈëEλ¡£´Ëʱģ°åÉϵĵÚÈý¸öÃÜÂë×ÓÕýºÃÔÚAλÉÏ¡£ºËÌÇÌåµÄÒÆλÐèÒªEF-G£¨translocase£©ºÍÁíÒ»·Ö×ÓGTPË®½âÌṩÄÜÁ¿¡£ ,vQkvuz
O{rgZ/4Au
5¡¢ëÄÁ´µÄÖÕÖ¹ u>(s.4]+
µ±ÖÕÖ¹ÃÜÂë×Ó½øÈëºËÌÇÌåAλµãʱ£¬ÔÚÊÍ·ÅÒò×ÓRF1-3µÄ×÷ÓÃÏ£º $Q|66/S^
£¨1£©Ë®½âÄ©¶ËëÄ»ùtRNA£» .1MXQLy
£¨2£©ÊÍ·ÅÐÂÉúëĺÍtRNA£» H BmjB
=
£¨3£©Ê¹70SºËÌÇÌå½âÀë³É30SºÍ50SÁ½¸öÑÇ»ù¡£ s&vOwPmV
Gq;0j:?CC
6¡¢µ°°×ÖʺϳɵÄÒÖÖƼÁ ;W#G<M&n'
¿¹¾úËضԵ°°×ÖʺϳɵÄ×÷ÓÿÉÄÜÊÇ×èÖ¹mRNAÓëºËÌÇÌå½áºÏ£¨ÂÈùËØ£©£¬»ò×èÖ¹AA-tRNAÓëºËÌÇÌå½áºÏ£¨ËÄ»·ËØÀࣩ£¬»ò¸ÉÈÅAA-tRNAÓëºËÌÇÌå½áºÏ¶ø²úÉú´í¶Á£¨Á´Ã¹ËØ¡¢ÐÂùËØ¡¢¿¨ÄÇùËصȣ©£¬»ò×÷Ϊ¾ºÕùÐÔÒÖÖƼÁÒÖÖƵ°°×Öʺϳɡ£ MQ"<r,o?:
Á´Ã¹ËØÊÇÒ»ÖÖ¼îÐÔÈýÌÇ£¬¸ÉÈÅfMet-tRNAÓëºËÌÇÌåµÄ½áºÏ£¬´Ó¶ø×èÖ¹µ°°×ÖʺϳɵÄÕýÈ·Æðʼ£¬²¢µ¼ÖÂmRNAµÄ´í¶Á¡£ÈôÒÔpoly£¨U£©×÷Ä£°å£¬Ôò³ý±½±û°±ËᣨUUU£©Í⣬ÒìÁÁ°±ËᣨAUU£©Ò²»á²ôÈë¡£¶ÔÁ´Ã¹ËØÃô¸ÐλµãÔÚ30SÑÇ»ùÉÏ¡£ Y(/VW&K&:
àÑßÊùËØÊÇAA-tRNAµÄ½á¹¹ÀàËÆÎÄܽáºÏÔÚºËÌÇÌåµÄAλÉÏ£¬ÒÖÖÆAA-tRNAµÄ½øÈë¡£ËüËù´øµÄ°±»ùÓëAA- tRNAÉϵݱ»ùÒ»Ñù£¬ÄÜÓëÉú³¤ÖÐëÄÁ´ÉϵÄôÈ»ùÉú³Éëļü£¬Õâ¸ö·´Ó¦µÄ²úÎïÊÇÒ»Ìõ3¡¯ôÈ»ù¶Ë¹ÒÁËÒ»àÑßÊùËØ¡£ `c{
i+
ÇàùËØ¡¢ËÄ»·ËغͺìùËØÖ»ÓëÔºËϸ°ûºËÌÇÌå·¢Éú×÷Ó㬴Ӷø×è¶ôÔºËÉúÎïµ°°×Öʵĺϳɣ¬ÒÖÖÆϸ¾úÉú³¤¡£ÂÈùËغÍàÑßÊùËؼÈÄÜÓëÔºËϸ°ûºËÌÇÌå½áºÏ£¬ÓÖÄÜÓëÕæºËÉúÎïºËÌÇÌå½áºÏ£¬·Á°Ï¸°ûÄÚµ°°×Öʺϳɣ¬Ó°Ïìϸ°ûÉú³¤¡£Òò´Ë£¬Ç°3ÖÖ¿¹ÉúËر»¹ã·ºÓÃÓÚÈËÀàҽѧ£¬ºóÁ½ÖÖÔòºÜÉÙÔÚҽѧÉÏʹÓᣠYc#o GCt
z@&_3 Gl
--------------------------------------- ms3Ec`i9
[kz<2P
µÚËĽ² DNA¡¢RNAºÍµ°°×ÖÊ´úл g{ l;v
DNAÊÇÖü²ØÒÅ´«ÐÅÏ¢µÄ×îÖØÒªµÄÉúÎï´ó·Ö×Ó¡£DNA·Ö×ÓÖеĺËÜÕËáÅÅÁÐ˳Ðò²»µ«¾ö¶¨ÁË°ûÄÚËùÓÐRNA¼°µ°°×ÖʵĻù±¾½á¹¹£¬»¹Í¨¹ýµ°°×ÖÊ£¨Ã¸£©µÄ¹¦Äܼä½Ó¿ØÖÆÁËϸ°ûÄÚÈ«²¿ÓÐЧ³É·ÝµÄÉú²ú¡¢ÔËתºÍ¹¦ÄÜ·¢»Ó¡£Öü²ØÔÚÈκλùÒòÖеÄÉúÎïÐÅÏ¢¶¼±ØÐëÊ×Ïȱ»×ªÂ¼Éú³ÉRNA£¬²ÅÄܹ»µÃµ½±í´ï¡£DNAºÍRNAËäÈ»ºÜÏàËÆ£¬Ö»ÓÐT»òU¼°ºËÌǵĵڶþλ̼Ô×ÓÉÏÓÐËù²»Í¬£¬µ«ËüÃǵÄÉúÎïѧ»îÐÔÈ´ºÜ²»Í¬¡£ <s-_ieW'
RNAÖ÷ÒªÒÔµ¥Á´ÐÎʽ´æÔÚÓÚÉúÎïÌåÄÚ£¬Æä¸ß¼¶½á¹¹ºÜ¸´ÔÓ£»RNA¼Èµ£¸º×ÅÖü²Ø¼°×ªÒÆÒÅ´«ÐÅÏ¢µÄ¹¦ÄÜ£¬ÓÖÄÜ×÷ΪºËøֱ½ÓÔÚϸ°ûÄÚ·¢»Ó´úл¹¦ÄÜ¡£ VX&KGG.6
g<KBsz!{
µ°°×ÖÊÊÇÉúÎïÐÅϢͨ·ÉϵÄÖÕ²úÎһ¸ö»îϸ°ûÔÚÈκη¢Óý½×¶Î¶¼ÐèÒªÊýǧÖÖ²»Í¬µÄµ°°×ÖÊ¡£Òò´Ë£¬»îϸ°ûÄÚʱ¿Ì½øÐÐן÷ÖÖµ°°×Öʵĺϳɡ¢ÐÞÊΡ¢ÔËתºÍ½µ½â·´Ó¦¡£ HI']{2p2}t
k`.-PU
Ò»¡¢ºËÜÕËáµÄºÏ³ÉÓë´úл 2hf]XV\
yS7[=S
ºËÜÕËáÊÇDNAºÍRNAµÄÇ°ÌåÊÇϸ°ûÄÚ»¯Ñ§ÄÜÁ÷ͨÁìÓòÖеÄÔØÌ壨ATP£¬ GTP£©,ÊÇNAD¡¢FAD¡¢S-adenosylmethionine¼° Coenzyme AµÈµÄÖØÒª³É·Ý¡£ÔÚÌÇ´úлÖÐÒ²ÓÐÖØÒª×÷Óã¬ÈçÉú³ÉUDPGºÍ CDP-diacylglycerolµÈ¡£cAMP, cGMP»¹ÊǵڶþÐÅʹ¡£ yXrFH@3
Cb.~Dv
!
1¡¢De NovoàÑßʺËÜÕËáµÄÉúÎïºÏ³ÉʼÓÚPRPP £¨Phosphoribosyl 1-pyrophosphate£© ,_YCl09p(
^5u}
Õâһ;¾¶µÄµÚÒ»²½ÊÇÓɹȰ±õ£°·¾èÏ×Ò»¸ö°±»ùµ½PRPPµÄC-1λÉÏ£¬Éú³É5-phosphoribosylamine¡£ RIl%p~
Æä´Î£¬°Ñ¸Ê°±ËáÖеÄÈý¸ö»ùÍżӵ½PRAÉÏ¡£ v"_hWJ)
µÚÈý£¬ÓÉN10-¼×»ùËÄÇâÒ¶ËáÌṩһ¸ö¼×»ù¡£ Y.F:1<FAtf
µÚËÄ£¬¹È°±õ£°·ÌṩÁíÒ»¸öN¡£ Tp[ub(/;7
µÚÎ壬ÍÑË®»·»¯ÐγÉßäßò»·¡£ 1>57rx"l
µÚÁù£¬ôÈ»ù»¯ tB}&-U|t[~
µÚÆߣ¬Í¨¹ý·Ö×ÓÖØÅŽ«ôÈ»ù´ÓßäßòµÚ4̼µÄ»·Íâ°±»ùÉÏתÒƵ½µÚ5λ̼Ô×ÓÉÏ¡£ E+>Qpy
µÚ°Ë-¾Å£¬ÓÉÌìÃŶ¬õ£°·°ÑÁíÒ»¸ö°±»ù¼Óµ½µÚ5λ̼Ô×ÓÉÏ¡£ "]5]"F 4]
µÚÊ®£¬ÔÙÓÉN10-¼×»ùËÄÇâÒ¶ËáÌṩһ¸ö¼×»ù¡£ )"A+T&
µÚʮһ£¬ÍÑË®»·»¯£¬ÐγÉàÑßÊIMP¡£ eNu`\
gjL>FOe8u
²ÎÓëºÏ³ÉAMPµÄÊÇ¢ÙÏÙÜÕçúçêËáºÏ³ÉøºÍ¢ÚÏÙÜÕçúçêËáÁѽâø¡£ sqJ?dIBH
²ÎÓëºÏ³ÉGMPµÄÊÇ¢ÛIMPÍÑÇâøºÍ¢ÜXMP-¹È°±õ£°·õ£°·×ªÒÆø ¡£ RjSVa.x
mm\J]Cc`
2. àÑßʺËÜÕËáºÏ³ÉÖеķ´À¡µ÷½Ú ?8b?{`@V
3£®à×ऺËÜÕËáÊÇÓÉÌìÃŶ¬õ£°·¡¢ PRPPºÍ°±»ù¼×õ£Á×ËáµÈ¹²Í¬ÐÎ³ÉµÄ io$A
Gi
noOG$P#
à×ऴÓÍ·ºÏ³É;¾¶²»Í¬ÓÚàÑßʵĺϳɣ¬6-Ô×Óà×ऻ·Ê×Ïȱ»ºÏ³É£¬È»ºó²ÅÓëºËÌÇ-5-Á×ËáÏàÁ¬¡£Õâ¸ö·´Ó¦ÐèÒª°±»ù¼×õ£Á×ËᣨCarbamoyl phosphate£©¡£ ga6M8eOI
4£®ºËÜÕµ¥Á×Ëáת»¯ÎªºËÜÕÈýÁ×Ëá /V2^/`&;a
·´Ó¦Éú³ÉµÄADP¿Éͨ¹ýÌǽͽâø»òÑõ»¯Á×Ëữ;¾¶±»½øÒ»²½Á×Ëữ¡£ )@\= pE.H
ATPÄܹ»°ÑÁ×Ëá»ùÍżӵ½ÆäËüËùÓкËÜÕµ¥Á×ËáÉÏÉú³ÉºËÜÕÈýÁ×Ëá¡£ (6
>8Dt 9[
ºËÜÕ¶þÁ×Ëá¿Éͨ¹ýÒ»¸ö¹«ÓõĺËÜÕ¶þÁ×Ëἤø±»½øÒ»²½Á×ËữÉú³ÉºËÜÕÈýÁ×Ëá¡£ =+'4u
5£®ºËÌǺËÜÕËᣨribonucleotides£©ÊÇÍÑÑõºËÌǺËÜÕËᣨDeoxyribonucleotides£©µÄÇ°Ìå¡£ËùÓÐdNTP¶¼Ö±½ÓÀ´×ÔÓÚNTP£¨ÆäʵÊÇNDP£©¡£Õâ¸ö·´Ó¦ºÜÌØÊ⣬ÒòΪºËÌÇÉϵĻ¹Ô·´Ó¦·¢ÉúÓÚÒ»¸öûÓлµÄ̼Ô×ÓÉÏ¡£´ß»¯¸Ã·´Ó¦µÄøÊǺËÌǺËÜÕËỹÔø¡£ <k6Zx-6X<
´ó³¦¸Ë¾úºËÜÕËỹÔøÓÐÁ½´óÌØÕ÷£¬ËüµÄÉúÎïѧ»îÐԺ͵×ÎïÌØÒìÐÔͬʱÊÜЧӦ×Ó£¨effector molecules£©µÄÓ°Ï졣ÿ¸öR1ÑÇ»ùÉ϶¼ÓÐÁ½¸öµ÷½Úλµã£¬µ±Ó°ÏìÕûÌåø»îÐÔµÄÄǸöλµãÓëATPÏà½áºÏʱ£¬Ã¸»îÐÔÔö¼Ó£»¶øµ±ËüÓëdATP½áºÏʱ£¬Ã¸»îÐÔÏûʧ¡£ { >bw:^F
µÚ¶þ¸öµ÷½Úλµã¿ØÖÆÁ˵×ÎïÌØÒìÐÔ¡£µ±dATPÓë¸ÃλµãÏà½áºÏʱ£¬UDPºÍCDPµÄ»¹Ô·´Ó¦ÓÅÏȽøÐС£µ±dTTPÓë¸ÃλµãÏà½áºÏʱ£¬GDPµÄ»¹Ô·´Ó¦ÓÅÏȽøÐС£ 536H*HdN
ºËÌǺËÜÕËỹԷ´Ó¦µÄÖ÷Òª¹ý³Ì 6i(nyA
2!
1. »¹ÔøR2ÑÇ»ù´¦ÓÚÑõ»¯Ì¬-X¨B£¬ÏòºËÌÇ3¡¯Î»Ì¼Ô×ÓÉϵÄH·¢Æð¹¥»÷£¬Éú³É3¡¯Î»×ÔÓÉ»ù¡£
"S_t%m&R
2. R1ÑÇ»ùÉϵÄ-SH»ùÍÅΪ2¡¯-OHÌṩһ¸öHÔ×Ó£¬Ê¹Ö®Éú³É-OH2»ùÍÅ¡£ bh3}[O,L
A
3. ÍÑË®ºó£¬3¡¯Î»×ÔÓÉ»ù°ïÖúά³Ö2¡¯Î»O+»ùÍÅ¡£ sZFjkfak
4. R1ÑÇ»ùÉϵÄÁíÒ»¸ö-SH»ùÍÅΪ2¡¯-CH+Ìṩһ¸öHÔ×Ó xWU0Ev)4U
5. 2¡¯ÉϵÄC¨B-OHÏòR2ÑÇ»ùÉϵÄX-H·¢Æð¹¥»÷¡£ AWi~qzTZ
6. 2¡¯ÉϵÄC-OHʧȥÑõÔ×Ó£¬Éú³ÉdNDP¡£ÆäÖУ¬dTMP£¨thymidylate£©À´×ÔÓÚdCDPºÍdUMP£¬ÆäÖ±½ÓÇ°ÌåÊÇdUMP£¬ÓÉÐØÜÕËáºÏø£¨thymidylate synthase£©½«dUMPת»¯ÎªdTMP£»·´Ó¦Öеļ׻ùÀ´×ÔÓÚN5£¬N10-Methylene-tetrahydrofolate¡£ 75jq+O_:
7¡¢àÑßʺÍà×ऽµ½âºó·Ö±ðÉú³ÉUric AcidºÍUrea¡£ 1ePZs$
àÑßʺËÜÕËá½µ½â liA)|.H
µÚÒ»²½ÊÇÔÚ5¡¯-ºËÜÕËáø£¨5¡¯-nucleotidase£©µÄ×÷ÓÃÏÂÏûÈ¥Á×Ëá»ùÍÅ£¬ÓÉAdenosine-monophosphate±ä³ÉAdenosine£¬»ò´ÓGMP±ä³ÉGuanosine¡£ ZXFM_>y5
¶þ¡¢ÔÚAdenosine deaminaseµÄ×÷ÓÃÏÂÉú³ÉInosine£» '_@Y
Èý¡¢ÔÚnucleosidaseµÄ×÷ÓÃÏÂÉú³ÉHypoxanthine»òÓÉGuanosineÉú³ÉGuanine£» (UAa
ËÄ¡¢ÔÚXanthine oxidase»òGuanine deaminase×÷ÓÃÏÂÉú³ÉXanthine£» _ohZTT%l
Îå¡¢ÔÚXanthine oxidaseµÄ×÷ÓÃÏÂÉú³ÉUric acid¡£ z\sy~DM
;>
àÑßÊ´úлͻ±ä»áÒýÆðÖØÒª¼²²¡¡£ k>FMy#N|@
ÈçÈËÌåÄÚȱʧadenosine deaminase£¬»áÒý·¢ÑÏÖصÄÃâÒßȱʧÐÔ¼²²¡£¬ÒòΪ´ËʱT-ÁܰͺÍB-ÁÜ°Íϸ°û²»ÄÜÕý³£·¢Óý¡£ADȱʧºó£¬Ï¸°ûÄÚdATPµÄº¬Á¿½«¸ß´ïÕý³£Ï¸°ûÖеÄ100±¶£¬¶ø¹ýÁ¿µÄdATPÔòÒÖÖÆÁËÆäÓàdNTPÔÚT-ÁÜ°Íϸ°ûÖеĺϳɡ£Ðí¶à»¯ÁÆ£¨chemotherapy£©Ò©¼Á¶¼Õë¶ÔºËÜÕËáºÏ³É;¾¶¡£ÈçAzaserineºÍAcivicin¶¼ÊÇGlutamineÀàËÆÎ±»ÓÃÓÚ×è¶ÏºËÜÕËáµÄÉúÎïºÏ³É¡£ x$[<<@F%
7*r
Q6rAP
ÐØÜպϳÉÖеÄÖ÷ÒªÒÖÖƼÁÓÐfluorouracil£¨·úë壩¡¢methotrexate£¨°±¼×»ùÒ¶ËᣩºÍaminopterin£¨°±à©ßÊ£©¡£·úëå±¾Éí²»ÊÇthymidylate synthase ÒÖÖƼÁ£¬µ«ËüÔÚϸ°ûÖб»×ª»¯ÎªFdUMPÒԺ󣬾ÍÄÜÖ±½ÓÓëTSÏà½áºÏ²¢Ê¹Ö®Ê§»î¡£°±¼×»ùÒ¶ËáºÍ°±à©ßʶ¼ÊÇdihydrofolate reductaseµÄÒÖÖƼÁ£¬°±¼×»ùÒ¶ËáÓë¸ÃøµÄÇ׺ÍÁ¦±Èµ×Îïdihydrofolate¸ß100±¶¡£ P|!GXkS
4h@jJm
¶þ¡¢°±»ùËá´úл N&]v\MjI62
°´ËùÕ¼µÄÖÊÁ¿±ÈÀý¼ÆË㣬NÔÚÉúÎïÌåÄÚµÄÖØÒªÐÔÅÅÔÚCHOÖ®ºó£¬ÁеÚ4λ¡£´óÁ¿NÔªËض¼ÊÇÓлúµª£¬±»½áºÏÓÚ°±»ùËá»òºËÜÕËá·Ö×ÓÖС£ 1y2D]h /'
µØÇòÉϵĶ¯Ö²Îï¹²º¬µªÔ¼1.5¡Á1010t£¬¶øÿÄêͨ¹ýÏõ»¯Ï¸¾úÒÔÆø̬µªµÄÐÎʽÊͷŵ½´óÆøÖеĵª¾ÍÓÐ2¡Á108¡ª5¡Á108t¡£È«ÊÀ½çµª·Ê³§Ã¿ÄêÉú²úµÄ»¯·Ê½öº¬µªÔ¼108t£¬ËùÒÔ£¬Èç¹ûûÓÐÉúÎï¹Ìµª£¬ÉúÃüºÜ¿ì¾Í²»¸´´æÔÚÁË¡£ 9gZMfP
+?w 7Nm`
1. ï§Í¨¹ý¹È°±Ëá¡ú¹È°±õ£°·±»½áºÏµ½ÓлúÎïÖÊÖС£ #5wOgOv
Ö÷ÒªÓÐÁ½²½·´Ó¦£º
AE={P*g
¢ÅGlutamate+ATP¡ú¦Ã-glutamylphosphate+ADP 9TIyY`2!
¢Æ¦Ã-Glutamyl phosphate+NH4+¡úglutamine+Pi+H+ @{iws@.
×ܽ᣺ puF'w:I(
Glutamyl+NH4++ATP¡úglutamine+ ADP+Pi+H+ Z3g6?2w6
Òò´Ë£¬¹È°±õ£°·ºÏ³ÉøÊǵª´úлÖеÄÖ÷Òªµ÷¿Øλµã¡£ +iz5
%Qe<f
Ôڴ󳦸˾úÖУ¬GSÓÉ12¸öÏàͬµÄÑÇ»ù£¨50kDa£©¾ÛºÏ¶ø³É£¬Æä»îÐÔ¼Èͨ¹ý¹¹Ïó±ä»¯£¬Ò²ÄÜͨ¹ý¹²¼ÛÐÞÊεķ½Ê½µÃµ½µ÷½Ú¡£Alanine£¬GlycineºÍÆäËüÖÁÉÙ6ÖÖgln´úл²úÎﶼÊÇGS»îÐԵı乹ÒÖÖƼÁ£¬Ã¿¸öÒÖÖƼÁ¶¼Ö»Óв¿·ÖÒÖÖÆ×÷Óᣳý±ä¹¹ÒÖÖÆÖ®Í⣬GS»îÐÔ»¹Êܹ²¼ÛÐÞÊε÷½Ú¡£µ±µÚ397λÀÒ°±Ëá±»ÏÙÜÕ»¯ºó£¨¼ÓÉÏAMP£©£¬¸Ãø¸üÈÝÒ×Êܱ乹ÒÖÖƼÁµÄ·´À¡µ÷½Ú¡£ w},' 1
2.°±»ùËáµÄÉúÎïºÏ³É Uq5wN05
¸ßµÈ¶¯Îï²»ÄܺϳɴóÔ¼Ò»°ë°±»ùËᣬֻÄÜ´ÓʳÎïÖÐÖ±½Ó»ñÈ¡ÕâЩ±ØÐè°±»ùËᣨEssential£©¡£ ZR.1SA0x?O
±í18-1 ÈËÌå±ØÐè°±»ùËá(*.²¸ÈéÆÚÖÁÓ׶ùÆÚ±ØÐè) w17\ \[
±í22-1 °±»ùËáºÏ³ÉµÄÁùÌõÖ÷Ҫ;¾¶ Y9Q-<~\z
3.°±»ùËáÍÑôÈ»ù»¯ºóÉú³ÉÓлú°·¡£Ðí¶àÖØÒªµÄÉñ¾µÝÖʶ¼ÊÇ°·»òÆä´ÎÉú´úл²úÎï¡£Tyrosine½µ½â²úÎïÓÐdopamine£¨¶à°Í°·£©£¬epinephrine£¨ÉöÉÏÏÙËØ£©£¬norepinephrine£¬Í³³ÆΪCatecholamines£¨¶ù²è·Ó°·£©¡£ 0 #pjfc `:
4.¾«°±Ëá½µ½â²úÉúNO¨B(Nitric Oxide)¡£ ?&I gD.
±¾ÊÀ¼Í80Äê´ú£¬¿Æѧ¼Ò·¢ÏÖNOÊÇÈËÌåÄÚÖØÒªµÄÐźŷÖ×Ó£¬Ëü²ÎÓëÉñ¾´«µÝ¡¢ÄýѪºÍѪѹµ÷¿ØµÈһϵÁÐÉúÀí·´Ó¦¡£ËäÈ»ËüÊÇÆøÌ壬¼«Ò×À©É¢£¬µ«ÓÉÓÚËüÊ®·Ö»îÔ¾£¬ÆäÀ©É¢°ë¾¶Ò»°ãÖ»ÓÐ1mm¡£ ZF"f.aV8)
G~1#kg
Èý¡¢°±»ùËá¼°¹¦Äܵ°°×ÖʺϳɺóµÄÐÞÊÎ l
TY%,s
1.µ°°×Öʸոձ»ºÏ³Éʱ£¬¶¼ÒÔfMet£¨ÔºË£©»òMet£¨ÕæºË£©¿ªÊ¼£¬¶àëĺϳɺó£¬N¶ËµÄformyl group¡¢Met²Ð»ù£¬ÓÐʱ»¹°üÀ¨N´§¶à¸ö²Ð»ù»òC¶ËµÄ²Ð»ù¶¼»á±»Çгý¡£50%µÄÕæºËµ°°×ÖУ¬N-¶Ë²Ð»ùµÄ°±»ùËá»á±»N-ÒÒ»ù»¯¡£ vA2@Db}
2.ÇгýÐźÅëÄ¡£Ðí¶àµ°°×Öʶ¼´øÓÐ15-30¸ö²Ð»ùµÄsignal peptides£¬¸ºÔðÖ¸µ¼µ°°×ÖÊÔÚϸ°ûÖеľ«È·¶¨Î»¡£ %jdV8D#Q
3.Ìض¨°±»ùËáµÄÐÞÊΡ£ a*REx_gLG
4.°±»ùËáµÄÌÇÜÕ»¯ r5jiB L~
5.°±»ùËáµÄÒìÎìÏ©»¯£¨Addition of Isoprenyl Groups£© 8Y *SZTzV
6.ÓÐЩµ°°×ÖÊ»¹ÒªÓ븨»ù(prosthetic groups)Ïà½áºÏ£» ' @>FtF[Gu
Cytochrome CÖ»ÓÐÓëѪºìËØ£¨heme£©Ïà½áºÏ²ÅÓй¦ÄÜ¡£´ËÍ⣬Acetyl-CoAôÈ»¯Ã¸³£ÓëBiotin·Ö×ÓÏà½áºÏ¡£ÓÐЩµ°°×ÖʱØÐë¾µ°°×øÇиîºó²ÅÓй¦ÄÜ¡£ÓÐЩµ°°×ÖÊÖ»ÓÐÔÚÐγɶþÁò¼üÖ®ºó²ÅÓй¦ÄÜ¡£ EAn}8#r'(8
nF~</>
ËÄ¡¢µ°°×ÖʵÄÔËÊäºÍ½µ½â !%5ae82~3
1¡¢¾ø´ó²¿·Ö±»ÔËÈëERÄÚÇ»µÄµ°°×Öʶ¼´øÓÐÒ»¸öSignal peptide¡£¸ÃÐòÁг£³£Î»ÓÚµ°°×Öʵݱ»ùÄ©¶Ë£¬³¤¶ÈÒ»°ãÔÚ13-36¸ö²Ð»ùÖ®¼ä£¬ÓÐÈý¸öÌص㣺 £¨1£©Ò»°ã´øÓÐ10-15¸öÊèË®°±»ùË᣻ £¨2£©³£³£ÔÚ¿¿½ü¸ÃÐòÁÐN-¶ËÊèË®°±»ùËáÇøÉÏÓδøÓÐ1¸ö»òÊý¸ö´øÕýµçºÉµÄ°±»ùË᣻ £¨3£©ÔÚÆäC-Ä©¶Ë¿¿½üµ°°×øÇиîλµã´¦³£³£´øÓÐÊý¸ö¼«ÐÔ°±»ùËᣬÀëÇиîλµã×î½üµÄÄǸö°±»ùËáÍùÍù´øÓк̵ܶIJàÁ´£¨Ala»òGly£©¡£ *vc=>AEc
Ñо¿·¢ÏÖ£¬ÐźÅëÄ°ÑRibosomeÇ£Òýµ½ERÉÏ¡£µ°°×ÖʺϳÉÖ®³õ£¬Ò»µ©ÐźÅëÄÐòÁеÄN¶Ë±©Â¶ÔÚºËÌÇÌåÍ⣬¸ÃÐòÁУ¨°üÀ¨ºËÌÇÌ壩¾ÍѸËÙÓëSRP£¨signal recognition particle£©Ïà½áºÏ£¬ÓÕ·¢SRPÓëGTPÏà½áºÏ£¬Í£Ö¹ÐÂÉúëĵĽøÒ»²½ÑÓÉ죨´ËʱÐÂÉúëÄÒ»°ã³¤Ô¼70¸ö²Ð»ù×óÓÒ£©¡£
@[u!
ÊÜλÓÚERÍâĤÉϵÄSRP-receptor¼°ribosome-receptorµÄÇ£Òý£¬Õâ¸ö¸´ºÏÎï£*****TP-SRP-ribosome-mRNA-ÐÂÉúëÄ£©Á¢¼´ÏòERÍâĤ¿¿Â££¬²¢Í¨¹ýpeptide transport complex½øÈëERÄÚÇ»¡£ y3F13 Z@%
5.Rough ERÉϵĵ°°×Öʳ£³£Í¨¹ýÔËתÔØÌ彫¾¹ýÐÞÊεĵ°°×ÖÊËÍÈë¸ß¶û»ùÌ壬ÔÙ·Ö±ðË͵½¸÷¸öÑÇϸ°ûλµã¡£ @qmONQ eb
6.µ°°×ÖÊÖеĺ˶¨Î»ÐòÁÐÒ»°ã²»±»Çгý¡£ -ZFeE[Z
µ°°×Öʵĺ˶¨Î»ÊÇͨ¹ý¶à¸öµ°°×µÄ¹²Í¬×÷ÓÃÀ´ÊµÏֵġ£Importin (¦Á,¦ÂÑÇ»ù)µÄ×÷ÓÃÓеãÏñSRPÊÜÌå¡£NLSµ°°×-Importin¸´ºÏÎïÍ£ÁôÔں˿×ÉÏ£¬²¢ÔÚRan-GTPaseµÄ×÷ÓÃÏÂͨ¹ýºË¿×¡£ -CfGWO#Gbx
ϸ¾úϸ°ûÄÚÒ²´æÔÚÀàËƵĵ°°×ÖÊÔËתϵͳ¡£ ["- pylhK
7¡¢µ°°×Öʽµ½âÊÇÒ»¸öÓÐÐòµÄ¹ý³Ì¡£ AVVL]9b_2
Ôڴ󳦸˾úÖУ¬Ðí¶àµ°°×ÖʵĽµ½âÊÇͨ¹ýÒ»¸öÒÀÀµÓÚATPµÄµ°°×ø£¨³ÆΪLon£©À´ÊµÏֵġ£µ±Ï¸°ûÖдæÔÚÓдíÎó»ò°ëË¥Æں̵ܶĵ°°×ÖÊʱ£¬¸Ãµ°°×ø¾Í±»¼¤»î¡£Ã¿ÇгýÒ»¸öëļüÒªÏûºÄÁ½·Ö×ÓATP¡£ fZL%H0&
ÔÚÕæºËÉúÎïÖУ¬µ°°×ÖʵĽµ½âÐèÒªUbiquitin£¬Ò»¸öÓÐ76¸ö°±»ùËá²Ð»ù×é³É¼«Îª±£Êصĵ°°×²ÎÓë¡£ÓëUbiquitinÏàÁ¬µÄµ°°×½«±»Ë͵½Ò»¸öÒÀÀµÓÚATPµÄµ°°×Öʽµ½âϵͳ£¨Proteasome£¬Mr. 1¡Á106£©¡£ mA}-hR%
³ÉÊì¶àëÄN-¶ËµÚÒ»¸ö²Ð»ù¶Ôµ°°×ÖʵÄÎȶ¨ÐÔÓÐÖØÒªÓ°Ïì ¡£ P1;T-.X~&
Qna
^Ry?6)
Îå¡¢DNA´úл CnruaN@
ÎÞÂÛÊÇÖ»º¬ÓÐÒ»¶ÔȾɫÌåµÄÔºËϸ°û»¹ÊÇ´øÓжà¶ÔȾɫÌåµÄÕæºËϸ°û£¬Ö»ÓÐÕû¸ö»ùÒò×éµÃµ½ÁËÍêÕû׼ȷµÄ¸´ÖÆ£¬Ï¸°û·ÖÁѲÅÄÜ˳Àû·¢Éú¡£ËùÒÔ˵£¬DNA¸´ÖƵÄÆðʼ£¬±êÖ¾ÁËϸ°û½øÈëÒ»¸öеÄÖÜÆÚ¡£ b/Y9fQn
Ò»¡¢DNA¸´ÖÆ 3p{N7/z(
¸ù¾Ý·´Ó¦½×¶ÎºÍËùÐèµÄ²»Í¬Ã¸À࣬DNAµÄ¸´Öƿɱ»·ÖΪÈý¸ö½×¶Î£¬¼´¸´ÖÆÆðʼ¡¢ÑÓÉìºÍÖÕÖ¹¡£Ã¿¸öDNA¸´ÖƵĶÀÁ¢µ¥Ôª±»³ÆΪ¸´ÖÆ×Ó£¨replicon£©£¬Ö÷Òª°üÀ¨¸´ÖÆÆðʼλµã£¨Origine of replication£©ºÍÖÕֹλµã£¨terminus£©¡£ÔºËÉúÎïµÄÕû¸öȾɫÌåÉÏÒ»°ãÖ»ÓÐÒ»¸ö¸´ÖÆÆðʼλµã¡£ XIh2Y\33ys
´ó³¦¸Ë¾úDNAµÄ¸´ÖÆÐèÒªÓÐ20ÖÖ×óÓÒµÄøºÍµ°°×ÖÊÒò×Ó²ÎÓ룬Õû¸öDNA¸´ÖÆ»úÆ÷±»³Æ֮ΪDNA replicase system»òreplisome¡£ <8Ek-aNNt
Helicase£¬ÈκÎDNAÔÚ±»¸´ÖÆÇ°¶¼±ØÐë½â¿ªË«Á´£¬Õâ¸ö¹ý³ÌÊÇÓÉhelicaseÀ´Íê³ÉµÄ£¬Ëü¿ÉÔÚATPµÄ×÷ÓÃϽ«DNAĸÁ´²»¶Ï½â¿ªÐγɵ¥Á´¡£ /tl/%:U*.
Topoisomerase£¬Ö÷Òª¹¦ÄÜÊÇÏû³ýDNA½âÁ´¹ý³ÌÖÐËù²úÉúµÄŤÇúÁ¦¡£ lA {
DNA½áºÏµ°°×£¬Ê¹Ð½âÁ´µÄDNA±£³ÖÎȶ¨½á¹¹¡£ Tl5K'3
Primases£¬ÎªDNA¸´ÖÆÌṩRNAÒýÎï¡£ 0Ge*\Q
DNA polymerases£¬ºÏ³ÉÐÂÉúDNAÁ´£¬ÇгýRNAÒýÎï¡£ !|_b}/
DNA Ligases£¬Ê¹ÐÂÉúDNAÁ´ÉϵÄȱ¿Ú£¨3¡¯-OH, 5¡¯-p£©Éú³ÉÁ×Ëá¶þõ¥¼ü¡£ jIJ
Vl \i]
1. DNA¸´ÖƵÄÆðʼ Cbm
´ó³¦¸Ë¾úÖеĸ´ÖÆÆðʼλµãÊÇOri C£¬È«³¤245Bp£¬¸ÃÐòÁÐÔÚËùÓÐϸ¾ú¸´ÖÆÆðʼλµãÖж¼ÊDZ£Êصġ£ Ou</{l
/
DNA¸´ÖÆÆðʼÖеÄÖ÷Òª²½Öè fiOc;d8
a. ´óÔ¼20¸ö×óÓÒµÄDnaAµ°°×Ê×ÏÈÓëOriCÖеÄ4¸ö9¼î»ùÖظ´ÇøÏà½áºÏ£» }[}u5T`w>
b. ʶ±ð²¢Ê¹3¸ö13¼î»ù´®ÁªÖظ´ÇøDNAÐγɿª»·½á¹¹£» 2K<rK(
c. DnaBµ°°×ÔÚDnaCµÄ°ïÖúÏÂÓëδ½âÁ´ÐòÁнáºÏ¡£Ã¿Áù¸öDnaBµ°°×ÐγÉÒ»×é²¢ÓëÒ»ÌõDNAĸÁ´½áºÏ£¬¿ÉÔÚ²»Í¬·½ÏòͬʱÆðʼDNAµÄ¸´ÖÆ¡£µ±Ï¸°ûÖдæÔÚ×ã¹»µÄSSBºÍDNA gyraseʱ£¬DnaBµÄ½âÁ´Ð§Âʷdz£¸ß¡£ _a@&$NEox
Õû¸öDNA¸´Öƹý³ÌÖУ¬Ö»Óи´ÖÆÆðʼÊÜϸ°ûÖÜÆÚµÄÑϸñµ÷¿Ø¡£ *@o@>
"Once in each cell cycle¡£" I Gv_s+O-*
DNA¼×»ù»¯ÓëDNA¸´ÖÆÆðʼÃÜÇÐÏà¹Ø¡£OriCÖÐÓÐ11¸öGATC»ØÎĽṹ£¨Ò»°ã˵À´£¬256bp²ÅÓ¦ÓÐÒ»¸öGATCÖظ´£©¡£DNA×ÓÁ´±»ºÏ³Éºó£¬Ä¸Á´Á¢¼´±»¼×»ù»¯£¨³ÆΪhemimethylated£©¡£´Ëʱ£¬oriCÓëϸ°ûÔÉúÖÊĤÏà½áºÏ¡£Ö»Óе±oriC±»´ÓĤÉÏÊͷųöÀ´£¬×ÓÁ´±»Dam¼×»ù»¯ºó£¬²ÅÄÜÓÐЧµØÓëDnaAµ°°×½áºÏ£¬ÆðʼÐÂÒ»ÂÖµÄDNA¸´ÖÆ¡£¸´ÖÆÆðʼ¿ÉÄÜ»¹ÊÜATPË®½â¹ý³Ìµ÷¿Ø£¬ÒòΪDnaAÖ»ÓÐÓëATPÏà½áºÏʱ²ÅÄÜÓëoriCÇøDNAÏà½áºÏ¡£ \kcJF'JFA0
2. DNA×ÓÁ´µÄÑÓÉì geU-T\1[l
Ö÷Òª°üÀ¨Á½¸ö²»Í¬µ«Ï໥ÓÐÁªÏµµÄʼþ£¬¼´Ç°µ¼Á´ºÍÖͺóÁ´µÄºÏ³É¡£ÓÉDNA helicase½â¿ªË«ÂÝÐý£¬ÓÉÍØÆÓÒ칹øÏû³ýDNAÁ´ÉϵÄŤÇúÁ¦£¬SSB½áºÏʹDNAµ¥Á´Îȶ¨¡£ <GPL8
D
Ç°µ¼Á´µÄºÏ³É£ºÓÉDnaG£¨primase£©ÔÚ¸´ÖÆÆðʼλµã¸½½üºÏ³ÉÒ»¸ö10-60 ntµÄRNAÒýÎȻºóÓÉpolII°ÑdNTP¼Óµ½¸ÃÒýÎïÉÏ¡£ (A O]f fBU
ÖͺóÁ´µÄºÏ³É£º²úÉúOkazaki fragments£¬Ïû³ýRNAÒýÎï²¢ÓÉDNA pol I²¹ÉÏÕâһС¶ÎDNAÐòÁУ¬ÓÉDNA Ligase°ÑÁ½¸öƬ¶ÎÏàÁ¬¡£ #\N?ka}!
3. DNAÁ´µÄÖÕÖ¹ j)ZvlRi,
µ±×ÓÁ´ÑÓÉì´ïµ½terminus region£¨ter£¬´øÓжà¸ö20bpÐòÁУ©Ê±£¬DNA¸´ÖƾÍÖÕÖ¹ÁË¡£TerÓеãÏñÒ»¸öÏݾ®£¨trap£©£¬Ê¹¸´ÖƲæÖ»ÄܽøÈ룬²»ÄܳöÀ´¡£TerµÄ¹¦ÄÜÖ÷ÒªÊÇÓÉTer-Tus¸´ºÏÎter utilization substance£©À´Íê³ÉµÄ¡£ ?g|K"P<1
4. ÕæºËϸ°ûDNAµÄ¸´ÖƱȴ󳦸˾ú¸ü¸´ÔÓ %41dVnWB^4
ÕæºËÉúÎïµÄorigin of replication±»³ÆΪARS-autonomously replicating sequences»òÕß±»³ÆΪreplicators¡£Yeast replicators³¤Ô¼150dp£¬Óжà¸ö±£ÊØÖظ´Çø£¬¹²ÓÐÔ¼500¸öreplicators·Ö²¼ÓÚ½ÍĸµÄ17ÌõȾɫÌåÖС£ mj5$ 2J
;~T)pG8IS
¶þ¡¢DNAµÄËðÉËÐÞ¸´ 6g4CUP'Y
1£® ´íÅäÐÞ¸´£¨mismatch Repair£© { 6Lkh
´íÅäÐÞ¸´¶ÔDNA¸´ÖÆÖÒʵÐԵűÏ×Á¦´ï102-103£¬DNA×ÓÁ´ÖеĴíÅ伸ºõÍêÈ«¶¼±»ÐÞÕý£¬³ä·Ö·´Ó³ÁËĸÁ´µÄÖØÒªÐÔ¡£ '`?\CXX
2. ¼î»ùÇгýÐÞ¸´£¨Base-Excision Repair£© m)3?hF)
DNA gylcosylasesÄÜÌØÒìÐÔʶ±ð³£¼ûµÄDNAËðÉË£¨Èç°ûà×ऻòÏÙàÑßÊÈ¥°±õ£»¯²úÎ²¢½«ÊÜË𺦼î»ùÇгý¡£È¥µô¼î»ùºóµÄºËÜÕËá±»³ÆΪAPλµã£¨apurinic or apyrimidinic£©¡£Ï¸°ûÖÐ×î³£¼ûµÄUracil Glycosylase¾ÍÄÜÌØÒìÐÔÇгýϸ°ûÖеÄÈ¥°±»ù°ûà×ड£ z1}YoCj1
3. ºËÜÕËáÇгýÐÞ¸´£¨nucleotide-excision repair£© u{0+w\xH\
µ±DNAÁ´ÉÏÏàӦλÖõĺËÜÕËá·¢ÉúËðÉË£¬µ¼ÖÂË«Á´Ö®¼äÎÞ·¨ÐγÉÇâ¼ü£¬ÓɺËÜÕËáÇгýÐÞ¸´ÏµÍ³¸ºÔð½øÐÐÐÞ¸´¡£ [M_pf2Y
4.DNAµÄÖ±½ÓÐÞ¸´£¨Direct repair£© =<fH RX`
uW%7X2K
Èý¡¢DNAµÄת×ù RrKAgw
DNAµÄת×ù£¬»ò³ÆÒÆ루transposition£©£¬ÊÇÓÉ¿ÉÒÆλÒò×Ó£¨transposable element£©½éµ¼µÄÒÅ´«ÎïÖÊÖØÅÅÏÖÏó¡£ÒѾ·¢ÏÖ"ת×ù"ÕâÒ»ÃüÃû²¢²»Ê®·Ö׼ȷ£¬ÒòΪÔÚת×ù¹ý³ÌÖУ¬¿ÉÒÆλÒò×ÓµÄÒ»¸ö¿½±´³£³£ÁôÔÚÔÀ´Î»ÖÃÉÏ£¬ÔÚÐÂλµãÉϳöÏֵĽö½öÊÇ¿½±´¡£Òò´Ë£¬×ª×ùÓбðÓÚͬԴÖØ×飬ËüÒÀÀµÓÚDNAµÄ¸´ÖÆ¡£ I8HUH*|)n
1£® ת×ù×ӵķÖÀàºÍ½á¹¹ÌØÕ÷ q88p~Ccoa
a. ¼òµ¥×ª×ù×Ó hu~02v5
ת×ù×Ó£¨transposon£¬Tn£©ÊÇ´æÔÚÓÚȾɫÌåDNAÉÏ¿É×ÔÖ÷¸´ÖƺÍÒÆλµÄ»ù±¾µ¥Î»¡£ G}ElQD
×î¼òµ¥µÄת×ù×Ó²»º¬ÓÐÈκÎËÞÖ÷»ùÒò¶ø³£±»³ÆΪ²åÈëÐòÁУ¨insertion sequence£¬IS£©£¬ËüÃÇÊÇϸ¾úȾɫÌå»òÖÊÁ£DNAµÄÕý³£×é³É²¿·Ö¡£Ò»¸öϸ¾úϸ°û³£´øÓÐÉÙÓÚ10¸öISÐòÁС£×ª×ù×Ó³£³£±»¶¨Î»µ½Ìض¨µÄ»ùÒòÖУ¬Ôì³É¸Ã»ùÒòÍ»±ä¡£ISÐòÁж¼ÊÇ¿ÉÒÔ¶ÀÁ¢´æÔڵĵ¥Ôª£¬´øÓн鵼×ÔÉíÒƶ¯µÄµ°°×¡£ Ht+ng
b.¸´ºÏʽת×ù×Ó£¨composite transposon£©ÊÇÒ»Àà´øÓÐijЩ¿¹Ò©ÐÔ»ùÒò£¨»òÆäËûËÞÖ÷»ùÒò£©µÄת×ù×Ó£¬ÆäÁ½ÒíÍùÍùÊÇÁ½¸öÏàͬ»ò¸ß¶ÈͬԴµÄISÐòÁУ¬±íÃ÷ISÐòÁвåÈ뵽ij¸ö¹¦ÄÜ»ùÒòÁ½¶Ëʱ¾Í¿ÉÄܲúÉú¸´ºÏת×ù×Ó¡£Ò»µ©Ðγɸ´ºÏת×ù×Ó£¬ISÐòÁоͲ»ÄÜÔÙµ¥¶ÀÒƶ¯£¬ÒòΪËüÃǵŦÄܱ»ÐÞÊÎÁË£¬Ö»ÄÜ×÷Ϊ¸´ºÏÌåÒƶ¯¡£ y@]4xLB]
2¡¢×ª×ù×÷ÓõĻúÖÆ IcZ_AIjlk
ת×ùʱ·¢ÉúµÄ²åÈë×÷ÓÃÓÐÒ»¸öÆÕ±éµÄÌØÕ÷£¬ÄǾÍÊÇÊÜÌå·Ö×ÓÖÐÓÐÒ»¶ÎºÜ¶ÌµÄ£¨3-12bp£©¡¢±»³ÆΪ°ÐÐòÁеÄDNA»á±»¸´ÖÆ£¬Ê¹²åÈëµÄת×ù×ÓλÓÚÁ½¸öÖظ´µÄ°ÐÐòÁÐÖ®¼ä¡£²»Í¬×ª×ù×ӵİÐÐòÁг¤¶È²»Í¬£¬µ«¶ÔÓÚÒ»¸öÌض¨µÄת×ù×ÓÀ´Ëµ£¬ËüËù¸´ÖƵİÐÐòÁг¤¶È¶¼ÊÇÒ»ÑùµÄ£¬ÈçIS1Á½Òí×ÜÓÐ9¸ö¼î»ù¶ÔµÄ°ÐÐòÁУ¬¶øTn3Á½¶Ë×ÜÓÐ5bpµÄ°ÐÐòÁС£ o_/C9[:
ת×ù¿É±»·ÖΪ¸´ÖÆÐԺͷǸ´ÖÆÐÔÁ½´óÀà¡£ÔÚ¸´ÖÆÐÔת×ùÖУ¬ËùÒƶ¯ºÍתλµÄÊÇÔת×ù×ӵĿ½±´¡£×ª×ùø£¨transposase£©ºÍ½âÀëø£¨resolvase£©·Ö±ð×÷ÓÃÓÚÔʼת×ù×Ӻ͸´ÖÆת×ù×Ó¡£TnAÀàת×ùÖ÷ÒªÊÇÕâÖÖÐÎʽ¡£ÔڷǸ´ÖÆÐÔת×ùÖУ¬Ôʼת×ù×Ó×÷Ϊһ¸ö¿ÉÒƶ¯µÄʵÌåÖ±½Ó±»ÒÆ룬ISÐòÁС¢Mu¼°Tn5µÈ¶¼ÒÔÕâÖÖ·½Ê½½øÐÐת×ù¡£ o O%!P<